Compulsory subjects - mathematics and the Russian language - have been used as a form of state final certification of general secondary education for a number of years. The final certification has general rules that have been repeatedly changed. The latest changes to the general rules will be discussed in this article.

About the rules

The USE (mandatory and optional subjects) is carried out using control measuring materials (CMM), which are standard forms of complexes with tasks. In addition, there are special mandatory forms to draw up answers to tasks. Compulsory subjects of the Unified State Examination, as well as elective subjects, are taken in Russian in writing, if this is not a section of foreign languages ​​("speaking").

Exams are held on the territory of Russia and outside it according to a single schedule. The organizers are Rosobrnadzor and the executive authorities of those constituent entities of the Russian Federation that manage the education sector. Outside the country, the Unified State Examination (mandatory and optional subjects) is also accepted by Rosobrnadzor and the founders of educational organizations of the Russian Federation, which are located abroad, have state accreditation and implement educational programs of general secondary education, as well as foreign institutions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, which have structural specialized educational units.

Admission to the exam

Compulsory and elective subjects are taken by students who do not have academic debts and who have fully completed individual or general grades in all subjects for all years of study not lower than satisfactory.

They have the right to take the state final certification in USE form(Russian language and mathematics) disabled and disabled children, as well as students with limited opportunities health, studying in educational and educational special institutions of a closed type and institutions where they are serving sentences in the form of imprisonment.

Students in educational programs of vocational secondary education also have the right to attestation in the form of the Unified State Examination (Russian language and mathematics, as well as elective subjects for admission to higher education). educational institution). Students in educational institutions of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol have the same right.

Recertification and external

The right to attestation in the form of the Unified State Examination is also available to graduates of previous years (with a document on obtaining a general complete secondary education until 2013), as well as to those students who master educational programs of vocational secondary education and study in educational organizations abroad of the Russian Federation, even if they have there are valid results USE passed years.

Can pass the exam and people who have mastered secondary education programs in other forms - family education or self-education, or who have mastered educational programs that are not accredited by the state. They can externally pass the GIA in

Items

Now the compulsory subjects for passing the exam are the Russian language and mathematics. However, changes and additions are planned for 2020. Firstly, according to the head of the Ministry of Education and Science Olga Vasilyeva, an exam in history will be mandatory for everyone. In addition, the compulsory subjects of the Unified State Examination in 2020 may include a foreign language and geography. Indeed, without knowledge of history, the country will not be able to successfully move into tomorrow. Will geography be a compulsory subject of the Unified State Examination, for now, since all existing system exams will be reviewed.

However, English as a compulsory subject in the USE (or another foreign language) is likely to be. A number of regions in 2020 will take such a subject in the testing mode. Further, by 2022, the country will be ready to introduce a foreign language into the minimum examination in schools, and now trial tests are being compiled, programs are being developed. History as a compulsory subject in the Unified State Examination is an issue that has already been practically resolved, although, according to Olga Vasilyeva, this will happen no earlier than 2020. This will be the third compulsory subject.

History with geography

Olga Vasilyeva made many statements on All-Russian Conference on the history of Russia, which took place in February 2017, regarding the development of education in the country. Much has been said about passing the exam in 2020. Required items will be replenished. She clarified that today children only take mathematics and Russian, but the third subject of the exam should certainly be history.

She also stated that she is carefully listening to the increasingly loud public opinion regarding the GIA, which students take after the end of the ninth grade, in geography. Many citizens advocate the introduction of such an exam at graduation from school. The list of compulsory USE subjects will definitely be replenished. Perhaps geography will be one of them.

For university admission

In 2009, all high school graduates received information about the compulsory subjects of the Unified State Examination. They became the Russian language and mathematics. At the same time, each eleventh grader must receive a score not lower than that established by Rosobrnadzor. In addition, school graduates choose several necessary subjects for admission to the university. You need to choose from the list of general education disciplines that are included in the USE list. How many compulsory subjects, for example, should an eleventh grader take when they want to go to university? This will depend on the chosen specialization. For example, a future programmer needs ICT and informatics.

USE tasks in mathematics can be completed in advance not only completely, but also repeatedly, for this there are official portals with open banks tasks. Since this subject is compulsory, graduates do just that. But mathematics is different from mathematics. The same future programmers should not decide the basic version, but the profile one. USE assignments in mathematics profile level require, meanwhile, only the knowledge of the school course. On the website of the selected university, there is probably a free demonstration material that can be used in self-study.

List

Subjects, including compulsory ones, at the choice of a school graduate for admission to a university:

1. Russian language.

2. Profile and basic mathematics.

4. Physics.

5. Social science.

6. History.

7. Information and communication technologies and informatics.

8. Geography.

9. Biology.

10. Literature.

11. Foreign language (English, French, German, Spanish).

To get a graduation certificate high school, you need to take only two compulsory subjects - Russian and mathematics. Further, on a voluntary basis, the graduate can take own choice any subjects according to the requirements of a certain one. Everything depends on the planned direction of training, that is, the specialty.

change

Since not too fast, but cardinal changes are taking place in the country, this cannot but affect the education system. The Ministry of Education and Science has accumulated a lot of complaints from the population of the country. Of course, this system of passing exams has its advantages, such as the option of preventing corruption and the independence of the resulting assessment of knowledge. But there are a lot of downsides too. By 2019, it is planned to develop a mechanism for passing the exam in six subjects, as well as increase the number of certifications elementary school. Of course, knowledge must be assessed systematically so that students acquire skills that increase responsibility and order.

In the minus of the existing organization of the exam, both parents and teachers put the test nature of the exam. Most students just try to guess the correct answer. This system should have been abolished a long time ago, replaced by a survey form that existed until 2009. Of course, both rehearsals and public opinion polls are needed before anything new is introduced into this system, because, first of all, it is necessary to understand how each of these changes will improve the situation.

Deadlines and assignments

Conducting the exam on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as outside it, provides for a single schedule. Each subject has its own duration of the exam. In January of this year, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation issues a decree that approves a unified schedule and duration of each exam. It also gives the entire list of funds that will be needed for training and education and will be used during the exam.

FIPI (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements) develops examination tasks (KIM), that is, complexes of standardized tasks, with the help of which the level of development will be set educational standard. On the FIPI website, you can familiarize yourself with the section in advance demo options USE for each subject, as well as documents that regulate the content and structure of KIM - with all codifiers and specifications. Tasks can be both with detailed and short answers. Oral answers of the examinees foreign languages recorded with audio. This section ("speaking") is still on a voluntary basis.

A responsibility

Information of control measuring materials that are used for state certification cannot be disclosed, since it refers to information with restricted access. Therefore, everyone who will be involved in the conduct of the exam, as well as persons taking the exam during the period of its conduct, are responsible for disclosing KIM information in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

If the KIM information is published, for example, on the Internet, this will become evidence of the presence of signs of an offense under Articles 13.14 and 19.30 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation; 59, part 11 federal law Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation".

results

The state final certification, which is carried out in the form of the Unified State Examination, uses a hundred-point assessment system in all subjects, except for basic mathematics. Separately, for each subject, a minimum number of points is set, and if the examinee has overcome this threshold, then mastering it educational program the overall average level will be confirmed.

When the verification of examination papers is completed, the results of the exam in all subjects are considered by the chairman of the SEC, after which he decides to cancel, change or approve them. The approval of the results takes place within one working day after the verification of all examination papers.

Appeals

If the examining high school graduate is not satisfied with the points received, he has the opportunity to file an appeal of disagreement within two days from the date of the announcement of the results of the exam. It is compiled in writing and served in educational organization, which gave admission to the exam to the exam.

Graduates of previous years and other categories of USE participants can appeal to the place of registration for delivery or to others that the region has determined. The results of the USE for each examinee exist only in the federal information system, and paper evidence of them is not provided. Their term is four years.

Resurrender

If a graduate of this current year receives a result that is below the established minimum score for any of the compulsory subjects, he can retake the exam again - additional terms are provided for this in a single schedule. If, in any category, the USE participant fails to obtain a minimum score in the subjects that he has chosen for admission to the university, then the retake will take place only after a year.

Since 2015, all students can take the USE in compulsory subjects up to three times (this applies only to mathematics and the Russian language). This is possible either in extra days, if only one subject is failed, or in the fall (September, October). In the latter case, admission to the university can no longer take place, since the required deadlines have passed, but the student will receive a certificate.

On May 27, 2019, the main stage of the Unified State Examination begins in Russia. This is a unified state exam that is mandatory for all students in grade 11. Based on its results, a school leaving certificate is issued and enrolled in universities.

Ekaterina Miroshkina

following the exam

The exams are taken strictly according to the schedule. In one day, one exam for all graduates of all cities.

On May 27 they pass geography and literature, on June 10 they write social studies, and the main stage will end on June 13 with biology, informatics and ICT. A few more days are reserved for those who could not come for a good reason.

We dismantled difficult questions that excite graduates and their parents in USE period.

What will you learn

Can I change elective exams? If one item was indicated in the application, and now they decided to hand over another?

Additional exams could be chosen until February 1st. You can’t just change the list of exams - only for a good reason, with the permission of the commission and if there are at least two weeks left before the exam.

A good reason in such cases is, for example, when the university suddenly includes a new subject in the list of entrance examinations. This is a violation on the part of the university, but it happens.

If you chose several exams in reserve in February, you can not come to the one that is not needed.

Extras can be left out

For example, if computer science, physics, history and social studies were indicated in the application, and after computer science it became clear that there were enough points, you might not come to history and social studies. There will be nothing for this.

If a graduate decided to enter another university and he does not have enough exams, he will have to wait for the next year. This also happens: it is unpleasant, but not fatal.

What happens if you don't show up for the exam you need to take?

If you do not come for a good reason - for example, because of illness - you can take the exam on reserve days. After the main stage ends, those who missed it will be allowed to take exams. good reason must be documented. If there are no documents, they will not be allowed to take exams on a reserve day.

If you do not pass the Russian language and basic mathematics at all, you will not be issued a school leaving certificate. But these items will be allowed to retake this year.

Do not come to the mandatory - only for a good reason

A missed elective exam can only be taken after one year.

If you realize that you will not be able to come to the exam, be sure to call class teacher and subject teacher. They will tell you what to do next, where to go, what documents to collect and when you can retake. You can even call teachers late in the evening or early in the morning: during the exam period, they are usually always in touch, because sometimes more graduates are worried. At least that's what all the teachers we talked to told us.

When will the results of the exam be known?

Typically, reviews of all levels take a maximum of two weeks. Results may be published earlier, but no later than the scheduled date.

Who checks the work? How objective are the ratings?

Each work is checked by several people. The test part is checked by the computer. There is a clear instruction for verification, so subjectivity is almost excluded. There may be different interpretations for oral subjects or essay, but usually deviations are one or two points. If the inspectors have different grades, the result will be determined in favor of the graduate.

All forms are anonymous. Works for verification are distributed among experts automatically. No one knows that this particular student wrote a particular work. And the students do not know who will get their work, even if they try to leave some mark on the form.

After checking in their region, the work can be sent for cross-regional checking. And then, until March 1 of the next year, they are randomly checked again.

It's better not to deal with anyone.

Negotiating with the commission, looking for friends and paying money for a check is a huge risk. It's illegal. And yet no one can guarantee that everything will work out: USE check strictly controlled, including at the federal level. If something like this is discovered, everyone will be punished. And the results of the exam will not count at all, even if the work is really written well.

If you do not agree with the results, then what to do?

File an appeal. There are two working days for this after the results have become officially known.

An appeal should be filed if you know for sure that, for example, the essay is written perfectly. You cannot appeal the test part based on the results of the answers. The maximum that you can count on is that during the check the signs were not so recognized, but there is little chance.

Sometimes, based on the results of the appeal, the number of points is reduced, although the graduate was counting on an increase. You need to think carefully before drawing attention to your work.

How to find out the answers to the exam in advance? They say they can be bought or found in other regions.

No. Leakage of USE results is excluded. If on some sites they offer to buy answers to tests, these are scammers. No one knows the content of the test materials before the students sit down at their desks and the exam officially begins.

Sometimes the teachers themselves say that they have learned what the options will be. Or one of the inspectors offers to buy them through an acquaintance. Don't trust anyone.

There are no answers to the exam. What they sell is not the answer

There have already been cases when parents paid 50 thousand rubles or even more, but there was not a single coincidence.

Teachers are not scammers, they want the best and they themselves can think that they got the right options. They sit and decide on the night before the exam, as if to help. And then at the exam it turns out that the tasks and answers are different.

Can I take my phone to the exam?

It is forbidden. Nothing can be taken to the exam, except for a passport and a pen. Some items are allowed to take a ruler, calculator or protractor. Where the exam is held, there are metal detectors at the entrance.

Even if you managed to carry the phone, it is still unlikely to be used. Here are some real situations where graduates tried to use the phone and failed.

Ivan put the phone in a pocket sewn to his shorts and said that the detector reacts to piercings. He carried the phone and left it in the toilet. I wanted to take time off during the exam and consult with the teacher through WhatsApp.

After the start of the exam, the inspectors inspected the toilets and removed all the stash with communication equipment from there. Going for the phone was a shame, and Ivan was left without a new Samsung. Until September, he was afraid that somehow it would be found out that it was his phone, and the exam results would be canceled.

Everything worked out: Ivan himself passed the exam and got a good score. If he had been caught, he would not have enrolled this year.

Anya carried the phone in her bra, safely hid it in the toilet, and no one found. During the exam, Anya took time off, took the phone, but could not use it. On the floor was a device to suppress the communication signal. The phone was useless.

At the Unified State Examination in mathematics, Anya relied on the phone: last year her friend succeeded. As a result, Anya missed five points and now her parents pay 80 thousand rubles a year.

Vitya carried the phone in a sneaker straight to the class where the exam is being held. I was afraid to leave it in the toilet, because they could find it. Vitya did not need a communication signal either: he was not going to write or call. He took a photo of the physics formulas with his phone in advance. I wanted to take time off and peep if a difficult task comes across.

Vitya almost succeeded. But at 10:30 the phone vibrated from the call of the grandmother, who was very worried about her grandson. Physics was not credited to him, he failed to enter a good technical university.

Some manage to carry the phone and use it. But this is a violation.

Can you carry cribs? Will they be able to use?

Theoretically, cheat sheets are easier to carry than a phone, but it’s better not to carry them in - this is also illegal. Evaluators are not allowed to ask a student to undress, feel them, or check their pockets. The metal detector does not react to cheat sheets, but they are found in the toilets and taken away even before the exam.

You will not be able to use cheat sheets or additional literature directly on the exam. Video cameras are installed in all rooms and broadcast on the Internet. It is monitored in real time and then selectively reviewed after the exam.

It also happens like this.

Zhenya wrote a list of words with the correct accent on masking tape and stuck it on her legs under her skirt.. Zhenya is an excellent student and knows Russian well, but all her friends did it, and she, too, just in case. The cheat sheet was not useful to her: she knew the words anyway.

Two hours later, Zhenya asked to go to the toilet and forgot about the adhesive tape. The cribs peeled off and slipped under the pantyhose to my knees. This was noticed by a member of the commission in the corridor. Zhenya was to be removed from the exam in disgrace. She miraculously and with tears managed to persuade the inspector not to report the violation. And although Zhenya was met halfway, she was so worried that she wrote the essay poorly and did not get enough points for the faculty of journalism. In fairness, almost all currently practicing journalists advise against going to journalism departments.

Vika and Liza made history cheat sheets for two. They also took the answers to the tests that were sold to them as real ones. So that they would not be caught, they divided it all in half. Classmates got into different audiences and agreed in advance to meet at 11 o'clock in the toilet.

They asked for leave, as agreed, at the same time, but did not take into account that they were being taken to different toilets - each was taken to the one that was closer. It was not possible to meet, and Lisa needed those cribs that Vika took with her.

Cheat sheets need to be written before the exam, only to better remember. Do not take them with you to the exam. There are no ideal options without risk, everything cannot be foreseen. Something can always go wrong, and not only the income to the budget, but also the school leaving certificate will be at risk.

Can I agree with the commission on the exam to help? Can they advise?

No, no one will tell you anything. You can ask a question only by filling out the form. It must be answered loudly and clearly. Calling a member of the commission to you and asking for help in a whisper will not work.

Such requests have no practical meaning. The commission is made up of teachers in other subjects or administrative workers.

Members of the commission are monitored by other members of the commission, public observers, Rosobrnadzor and the prosecutor's office. Everything is very strict. If someone helps a graduate, he will be fined.

If everything is correct on the draft, but there is an error on the form, what answer will be counted?

Always count the answer that is on the official letterhead. Drafts are not graded.

You need to properly allocate time to check the work and have time to rewrite everything without errors.

What if the exam becomes bad?

You need to contact a healthcare professional. He is always present in the audience. Then they will act according to the situation. If the work cannot be continued, it will be recorded, but the results will not be evaluated. It will be possible to hand over again on a reserve day.

If you need to take medication during the exam, it is allowed. If you need to drink juice, eat sweets or take an injection, you can do that too. You can bring water or a chocolate bar with you, but you won’t be able to use them as cheat sheets: everything will be checked. If they find the inscriptions, they will delete it without the right to retake it.

If this year there are not enough points, and there is no way to study for a fee, what then to do?

If you didn’t manage to score even a minimum in basic subjects, you won’t get a certificate. The main subjects will be offered to retake on a reserve day or in the fall.

If the scores are above the minimum, but still low, you can retake the exams in the desired subjects next year and choose the best result.

USE results are valid for four years. For example, if a graduate did well in Russian and biology, but got excited in mathematics and missed three points, you can retake mathematics in a year and apply to the university again.

Postponing admission just because there were not enough points in a prestigious university is unreasonable. Anything can happen in a year.

It's better to go to university than to wait a year

There is no guarantee that next year you will succeed in passing the exams well, and the passing score will not be increased. It is better to choose a faculty or university simpler, and then look for options for a transfer or to do it again.

Ksyusha wanted to become a microbiologist or virologist. Of the additional subjects, she chose biology and chemistry, but she entered for free medical academy Did not work out. In order not to lose a year, Ksyusha submitted documents to the Institute of Food Production, where chemistry was also needed. She entered the budget and got a room in a hostel. The following year, she changed her mind about taking the exam again - she remained at her university. Now Ksyusha has already received her diploma, she works as a food technologist at an international enterprise and earns five times more than her parents, doctors.

If there are not enough points at all to enter the budget, there is an option not to enter, to prepare, and retake the exam next year.

Sergei also wanted to become a doctor, but he did not pass biology well and did not pass the budget. He had a deferment from the army, so in order not to lose a year, he entered Medical College in his city and was preparing to retake the exam. If it didn’t work out, Sergey would have stayed in college, trained as a paramedic and still worked in medicine, as he dreamed of.

But he succeeded. The following year, he retaken biology and with the same results in Russian and mathematics entered to study as a cardiologist. By that time, he had also managed to get a referral from their local cardiological dispensary, which also helped.

What are the ways to pass the exam well?

To pass the exam well, you need to prepare for it. It's best to start in tenth grade. You can prepare on your own or with a tutor.

Shortly before the exams, it is most effective to solve tests of previous years. Tasks in the exam are typical and in different years may come across very similar. If there is a tutor, he will select the correct method of preparation, taking into account the abilities of the student.

What is the best thing to do before an exam?

Graduates need to sleep. You can't sit all night on textbooks or look for answers for this year. Not getting enough sleep and getting nervous is the worst thing.

What to do after exams?

Keep track of the results and spend graduation. When the official results are summed up, prepare the documents for admission. If there are benefits or the right to extra points according to the results of the Olympiads, they need to be confirmed.

At the same time, you can submit the results of the exam to five universities. Each has three specialties. All information about specialties, documents, quantity budget places and passing scores are published on the websites of universities.

If you can’t get into the budget, think about where to get money to pay for your studies. It is better to take care of this even before the exams, just in case. Find out at the institute how to transfer to the budget from the second year, if this is practiced. If you try hard, you can save a lot of money.

Experiment with faculties and universities. In one institute, there is a competition of 100 people per place, while in another there may be a shortage even for a similar specialty. The prestige of the university does not guarantee anything.

Invite the student to look for job opportunities. You can transfer to correspondence, work in shifts or remotely.

Which programming language to choose, what tasks to focus on and how to allocate time on the exam

Teaches computer science at Foxford.

Different universities require different entry exams in IT areas. Somewhere you need to take physics, somewhere - computer science. It is up to you to decide which exam to prepare for, but it should be borne in mind that the competition for specialties where physics must be taken is usually lower than in specialties where the Unified State Examination in computer science is required, i.e. the probability of entering "through physics" is greater.

Why then take the exam in computer science?

• It is faster and easier to prepare for it than for physics.
• You will be able to choose from more specialties.
• It will be easier for you to study in the chosen specialty.

What you need to know about the exam in computer science

The exam in computer science consists of two parts. In the first part there are 23 problems with a short answer, in the second - 4 problems with a detailed answer. In the first part of the exam there are 12 basic level tasks, 10 tasks advanced level and 1 high level task. In the second part - 1 task of an increased level and 3 - high.

Solving problems from the first part allows you to score 23 primary points - one point for the completed task. Solving problems of the second part adds 12 primary points(3, 2, 3 and 4 points for each task, respectively). Thus, the maximum primary points that can be obtained for solving all tasks is 35.

Primary scores are converted into test scores, which are USE result. 35 primary points = 100 test points per exam. At the same time, more test points are awarded for solving problems from the second part of the exam than for answers to the problems of the first part. Each primary score obtained for the second part of the exam, will give you 3 or 4 test scores, for a total of about 40 final scores for the exam.

This means that when completing the exam in computer science, it is necessary to pay special attention to solving problems with a detailed answer: No. 24, 25, 26 and 27. Their successful completion will allow you to score more final points. But the price of an error during their execution is higher - the loss of each primary score is fraught with the fact that you will not pass the competition, because 3-4 final points for the Unified State Examination, with high competition in IT specialties, can become decisive.

How to prepare for solving problems from the first part

• Pay special attention to tasks No. 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23. It is these tasks, according to the analysis of the results of past years, that are especially difficult. Difficulties in solving these problems are experienced not only by those who have a low overall score for the Unified State Examination in computer science, but also by “good students” and “excellent students”.
• Learn by heart the table of powers of the number 2.
• Remember that Kbytes in tasks means kibibytes, not kilobytes. 1 kibibyte = 1024 bytes. This will help avoid calculation errors.
• study carefully USE options previous years. The computer science exam is one of the most stable, which means that you can safely use the USE options for the last 3-4 years for preparation.
• Get to know different options task formulations. Remember that a slight change in the wording will always lead to worse exam results.
• Read the problem statement carefully. Most of the errors in completing assignments are due to a misunderstanding of the condition.
• Learn to independently check completed tasks and find errors in the answers.

What you need to know about problem solving with a detailed answer

24 task - to find the error

25 task requires a simple program

26 task - on game theory

27 task - it is necessary to program a complex program

Problem 27 is the main difficulty in the exam. It is only decided60-70% of USE writers in computer science. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is impossible to prepare for it in advance. Each year, a fundamentally new problem is presented for the exam. When solving problem No. 27, not a single semantic error should be made.

How to calculate exam time

Be guided by the data that are given in the specification of control measuring materials for conducting the exam in informatics. It states approximate time assigned to complete the tasks of the first and second parts of the exam.

The exam in computer science lasts 235 minutes

Of these, 90 minutes are allotted for solving problems from the first part. On average, each task from the first part takes from 3 to 5 minutes. It takes 10 minutes to solve problem #23.

There are 145 minutes left to solve the tasks of the second part of the exam, while solving the last task No. 27 will take at least 55 minutes. These calculations were made by the specialists of the Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements and are based on the results of exams from previous years, so they should be taken seriously and used as a guide for the exam.

Programming languages ​​- which one to choose

1. BASIC. It is an outdated language, and although it is still taught in schools, there is no point in wasting time learning it.
2. School algorithmic programming language. It is designed specifically for early learning to program, it is convenient for mastering initial algorithms, but it contains almost no depth, there is nowhere to develop in it.
3. Pascal. It is still one of the most common programming languages ​​for teaching in schools and universities, but its capabilities are also very limited. Pascal is quite suitable as the language for writing the exam.
4. C++. Universal language, one of the fastest programming languages. It is difficult to learn from it, but in practical application its possibilities are very wide.
5. Python. It is easy to learn at an elementary level, the only thing required is knowledge of English. However, at in-depth study Python provides the programmer with as many options as C++. Having started learning Python at school, you will continue to use it in the future, you will not have to relearn another language in order to reach new horizons in programming. To pass the exam, it is enough to know "Python" at a basic level.

Good to know

• Works in computer science are evaluated by two experts. If the expert evaluation results differ by 1 point, the higher of the two points is assigned. If the discrepancy is 2 points or more, the work is rechecked by a third expert.
• A useful site for preparing for the exam in computer science -

At the end of June, the main stage of passing the unified state exam will be completed. According to the law, not only yesterday's schoolchildren, but also graduates of past years can take it, the main thing is to have time to submit an application to the Regional Information Processing Center before February 1. As a rule, this is how the USE is taken by those who did not enter the desired university after school, took time out to prepare or joined the army, and a year later decided to try again. But often among the graduates of past years there are people over 20 and even 30 years old. Sometimes they already have one higher education, but according to the rules of the university in which they decided to get a second tower, passing the exam is mandatory. For example, he may be asked to pass if the new profession has nothing to do with the existing diploma.

The rules for adults are the same as for teenagers: you are only allowed to bring water, medicines and chocolate with you, you can only write with a black gel pen, and cameras are installed in the classrooms. We learned how the unified state exam was passed by adults who already have one higher education, the birth of a child and work experience behind them.

Study after maternity leave

Maria

23 years old, left school for work, but decided to continue it after the birth of a child

I left school for college at a law school after the ninth grade, so I only took the GIA. She entered the internal exams for the budget and did not plan to quit her studies at all. The entire first year I studied perfectly, received a scholarship, and after the second year I went to work. I was 17 years old, and something jumped in my head. I decided that it would be better to spend time on work and get paid for it than to sit out my pants at lectures when everyone around is noisy and I don’t really get information. It was easier for me to study at home and only come for exams, but the college did not provide for the possibility distance learning, so I was left for the second year. I again went to the second year, while working two jobs - during the day as an assistant to a notary, and at night in a call center. At the lecture I scored, in the third year of college I was ten times, no more. So I was asked to pick up the documents, and I myself was not against it.

I have lived alone since I was 18. I just worked and got all the pleasures that a single young girl with a salary above 50 thousand rubles can afford. By that time, I had already left the notary office, and in the company where I got a job in a call center, I was promoted. Six months after meeting a young man, I married him, I was then 20 years old, and a year and a half after the wedding, a son was born. It was then that I began to think about continuing my studies. At the present time, without a crust after 25, no one really needs you, and I don’t plan to sit on maternity leave all my life.

Exam preparation

I prepared for the exams through the distance school "Algorithm". She also organizes attachment to public school, appoints curators, conducts sessions, including from the Moscow Center for the Quality of Education. We had classes twice a week - in Russian and mathematics. I didn’t go to the lessons themselves, but, of course, I attended the sessions. It cost 10 thousand rubles a month, all training - nine months. I was lucky, my husband took over the payment, but in our group there were people who took out loans or worked for days to have enough for life and study.

We took the USE on the same day that schoolchildren from all over the country did. We were told in advance the dates and addresses of the schools where we should take the test. I was attached to an ordinary Moscow school; according to the database, I was listed along with the 11th grade of self-education. At the entrance I was almost undressed. I was dressed in a wrap-around jacket with a bustier under it, and the guard asked me to show that I didn't have any cribs. But I did not succumb, and then there was no special attention to me. But I know for sure that the guys carried cribs in their shoes, and then they got them in the toilet. One guy hid the phone under his belt, and when the guard's metal detector rang, his colleague simply said: “He must be acting up. Come on in."

I prepared for the math exam only for the first six months, and even then it was rather superficial. There was nothing very difficult in the assignments, at least I had enough knowledge of the ninth grade seven years ago to write for a B. At school, I consistently had a D in algebra, but our teacher was simply the best, so this D gave me more than many of their A's. It was important to know the base, especially since frequently used formulas are given out in the exam, you just need to be able to apply them.

I did not prepare for the Russian language at all - and I always knew it well. I passed by 73 points, which is five, if translated into a five-point system. If I had prepared, I probably would have scored more points. Although the Russian really pissed me off. One of the tasks sounded like this: “Choose a phrase in which the word is agreed incorrectly. Write this word out correctly. I chose the sentence “He became more despondent”, and in the line for the correct answer I wrote out one word: “dismal”. The assignment clearly says “word”, not “words”. It turned out that it was necessary to write out the phrase “more dull”, and the score was not counted to me. In the collections on the exam, such cases are dealt with, if I were seriously preparing, I would know about it. But, in my opinion, this is not fair: I did not memorize all the collections, but this does not mean that I do not know Russian.

Exam

Before the exam, I was not worried at all. Unlike schoolchildren, I did not have teachers who would intimidate me, telling me that my future depended on the exam. I already had my own life - family, work experience. If I had not passed, the sky would not have fallen on my head, I would have been upset only because of the money that went to study.

I have not yet decided which university and which specialty to enter, but I am leaning towards marketing. The first step was to get a certificate and pass the mandatory USE in Russian and mathematics. I hope I will make up my mind and next year I will already enter, even if I have to add something else.

sudden exam

Anna

Accidentally passed the Unified State Examination in Russian at the age of 32

I have a law degree, and from the very beginning I worked as a lawyer. I decided to get the second higher education for myself, and not for work. The institute chose simply: so that it had good feedback and it was easy to get to. RUDN University fell under these criteria, and I went there. When I arrived to apply, I asked what the exams would be, and they told me that I would have written and oral exams in English language and an essay in Russian, and they appointed a day when I had to hand it all over. I was preparing for a foreign language, but I didn’t even think about writing. There are always free topics, I choose them, and that's all.

On the appointed day, I arrive for the exam, and they tell me that they looked at my documents: I had my first education a long time ago, and, of course, I didn’t pass the exam, so I need to do it now. There were 30 other people with me, the same adults. We go in - on the table there is only a piece of paper, a black pen, the phones should be turned off and put away. These are schoolchildren being searched and passed through metal detectors, this will not work with us. But all the same, there was nowhere to write off, and there was no need, it's just a test.

The hardest part was understanding the task itself. In the description, everything is so fancy and confusing that you need to sit and think about what is generally required of you. It was such that the task took seven lines, and the primitive answer - only one. All in all, it's a simple exam. Those who remember at least something from school will definitely pass it. And in general, I always knew Russian well, I got fives and won at the olympiads.

Most of those who were with me then definitely passed and ended up with me in the same group. Neither before the exam, nor during it, no one was worried at all. It seems to me that our Faculty of Linguistics is famous for the fact that we never worried about anything and everything was always fine with us.

competition with son

Pauline

to become a teacher, I took the exam at the same time as my son

I studied at the Moscow Aviation Institute at the Faculty of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, left it, and at almost 38 years old I decided to go to the pedagogical one as a mathematics teacher. You can recover at the institute within five years, but more time has passed for me, so there was only one option - to do it again and take the exam in Russian language, mathematics and social science. I have five children, this was just the main reason why I left the institute and did not study for a long time. The older children are quite old, and it turned out that we passed the exams at the same time as the middle son. We even had a small competition to see who would get the most points. My son had other subjects, but in the end we had a draw - the total score was the same.

To sign up for the exam, you need to go to the Regional Information Processing Center near the Semenovskaya metro station in Moscow, write an application there, present your school certificate, and choose which dates are more convenient for you to take exams. The center already issues a referral to a specific school. I passed mathematics and Russian ahead of schedule in March-April, and social studies in June, along with everyone else. All groups consisted entirely of graduates of previous years. There were no schoolchildren among us, only adults who took the exam for different universities.

Passing the exam

I was a little worried, I understood that my life did not depend on the exam. Everything was arranged for us the same way as for schoolchildren: metal detectors, frames, you had to warn if you wanted to go out. The cheat sheet, if it was possible to carry it, was only paper. When I took my exams after school, it was somehow easier. Firstly, I could try to enroll in several universities at once, there are exams everywhere, and here there is only one exam - one chance. Secondly, in mathematics at a technical university, I had five tasks, but all of them were difficult, designed for a high level. There are also 19 tasks, of which most of them, in principle, can be thrown away. If a person solves the last seven difficult ones, then he will definitely solve the 12 simple ones.

I didn’t really prepare, I decided to go with what was deposited and remained in my head after school and my first education. And this is my mistake. If I had been familiar with the requirements and evaluation criteria, I would have received a higher score. With mathematics, it even turned out a little insulting: I decided the number, but according to the criteria, the commission could not give me a full score, but gave me one out of three. I went to appeal. I had enough points to pass on the budget, but I wanted to defend my point of view. The appeal did not bring additional points, but as an experience it turned out to be useful, especially for a future teacher.

Statements school teachers that “you are not the exam”, you need to divide by at least ten. They are just trying to motivate their students in this way to intensively prepare for the exam.

In fact, even those who are sure that they don’t know anything pass the exam in the Russian language. The percentage of graduates who have not overcome the minimum threshold is on average around 1-1.5% in Russia. At the same time, the number of "losers" is distributed unevenly - most of them are in those regions for whose inhabitants Russian is the "second" language. For example, in the North Caucasus in 2015, 17% of graduates could not cross the threshold (in Russia - 1.5%), in 2016 - 7% (on average in the country - 1%).

Thus, almost all schoolchildren for whom Russian is their native language successfully overcome the minimum bar. This is because the exam does not primarily check knowledge of theory, the ability to determine types of sentences or make analyzes, etc., but practical knowledge of the language. That is, elementary literacy, the ability to understand and analyze what is read, to express one's thoughts in writing and so on.

If we compare USE assignments in Russian with the tasks of the GIA, which schoolchildren write after - you can immediately see that the GIA is more focused on theory, and the USE is more focused on practice. That is why the Unified State Examination in the Russian language is eventually passed even by those who did not prepare specially and therefore think that they know nothing about this subject. But 11 years of schooling and the constant use of language as a means of communication is also knowledge and skill.

Threshold (minimum) and average USE scores in the Russian language

The threshold scores for the USE in the Russian language are not very high. The translation of primary scores into a hundred-point scale may vary slightly (it is determined only after passing the exams). But usually for to get a school leaving certificate, a student needs to get only 10 primary points (24 test). At the same time, the maximum possible number primary points - 57. And 10 points of the "minimal salary" are easily gained on the simplest tasks with short answers. For example, according to analysts, the vast majority of graduates cope with tasks on understanding the basic, spelling prefixes, choosing the right lexical meaning words and many others.

For university admission the threshold score of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language is higher and is 16 primary scores (36 test scores). This is 28% of the possible maximum - and it is also not difficult to gain them. According to statistics, only about 2.5% Russian graduates cannot overcome the “university” level.

Medium USE scores in the Russian language fluctuate slightly from year to year. For example, in 2015 GPA on a hundred-point scale was 65.9, in 2016 - 68. This is 39-42 primary points.

That is, those who pass the exam have a “right to make a mistake”: you can “lose” about a quarter of the points in the process of passing the exam, but at the same time get a very “strong” result, giving chances for successful admission to the budget. However, scores above sixty are usually obtained by students with high level literacy, who nevertheless found time for “targeted” preparation for the exam.

How to quickly prepare for the exam in the Russian language

In schools, high school students often begin to "tightly" prepare for final exams already from the 10th grade, convincing that it is impossible to prepare for the Unified State Examination “in just a year”. But if there are only a few days left before the exam, and you just now decided to get busy preparing, even in a very short time you can manage to “pull up” the subject.

The easiest way to do this is using online simulators designed for self-study for exams, for example:

• Yandex. USE,


• I solve the exam


• Dunno PRO.

Structurally, the USE in the Russian language is divided into three parts:

• block of tasks with short answers;


• questions with short answers based on the read text;


• essay.

For express exam preparation, it makes sense to focus on the first two parts. Writing practice essays the day before the exam or reading samples of work with analysis makes sense only if you perfectly know the subject and “go for a hundred”. Therefore, just check how well you remember the structure of the essay and the requirements for it - and proceed to work on the test part.

1. Take 3-4 tests. This will allow you to brush up on the structure of the Russian language exam paper and determine your level of knowledge. Try to answer questions quickly, without looking at textbooks and Internet information resources. If a question confuses you, just skip it or answer at random.


2. Analyze your results. See how many points you manage to get for passing the test, which questions you usually give the right answers to, and where you “float” or don’t know anything at all.


3. Highlight topics about which you have some idea, but not solid enough - these are just the questions that it makes sense to work on in order to secure additional points on the exam.


4. “Aiming” work out these questions - refresh the theory in your memory and fix it on the simulator, choosing no longer full version USE test, and the corresponding thematic block. If you have only a few hours to prepare, give preference to topics with a small amount of theory. For example, remembering the rules or the fact that the appeal is highlighted by commas is much easier than learning all the words from the orthoepic minimum or dealing with the intricacies of spelling “n” and “nn” in detail.


5. Take the whole test a couple more times and compare the results. Most likely, as a result of such a blitz training, your average score for the part with short answers will grow significantly.

How to pass Russian for the maximum score

In order to pass the exam at the limit of your own abilities, you must meet several conditions:

• be sure to sleep before the exam, at least a little, and if you can’t fall asleep in any way, at least just lie down in silence, with eyes closed trying to relax as much as possible;


• try to curb excitement - graduates often “lose points” not from ignorance of the material, but simply from being nervous;


• manage the time allotted for the exam wisely.

The duration of the exam in the Russian language is 3.5 hours. Reserve half an hour to check finished task, distribute the rest of the time between the three blocks of tasks. For example, set aside 45 minutes for each of the two short answer blocks, leaving an hour and a half for the essay.

Within the allotted time, work with each part of the test in the following way:

• use KIMs as a draft,


• if, after reading the question, you understand that you know this material - immediately find the correct answer, write down and mark the task with a plus;


• if you need to seriously think about a question - do not “hover” over it right now, mark it with a question mark and immediately move on to the next one;


• if you have no idea how to do this task at all, mark it with a minus and proceed to the next one;


• after you have reached the end of the block, return to the tasks marked with a question mark and work on them, moving from the easiest to the most difficult topics for you;


• if there is time left, try to “take” the questions you marked with a minus;


• five to seven minutes before the end of the time limit that you have given yourself, start transferring the answers to the form;


• when filling out the form, write letters and numbers clearly according to the model, check the correctness of your own answers;


• do not leave blank lines - if you still have tasks marked with a "minus" - enter the answer at random, there is always a chance to "hit";


• after the answer sheet is completed, proceed to the next block of questions;


• if you have time at the end of the exam, you can rethink the “doubtful” answers, choose other options and write them down in the field of the form intended for corrections.

“Split” the time allotted for work on the essay, allocating half the time for writing a draft, and half for rewriting it on a form. The basic requirements for work are contained in the text of the KIM, check with it if necessary. It is critically important when working on an essay to observe three conditions:

• correctly identify the problem raised by the author,


• write a text of sufficient length (at least 150 words),


• have time to completely rewrite the essay on the form, because drafts are not checked.

When writing, try to stick to the plan of the essay: first, the formulation of the problem, then a comment on it, the point of view of the author of the text, your own position, argumentation and conclusion. Do not forget that when choosing arguments from the literature, it is not necessary to limit yourself to school curriculum, you can use material and other works. Avoid long and complex sentences- it is easy to make a punctuation error in them.

If, when rewriting the essay for a clean copy or checking it, you notice any shortcomings or decide to change the wording, you can cross out a few words directly on the form, points are not deducted for “blots”. However, it is better to write clearly and legibly.

After the work is completed, carefully re-read the essay from beginning to end and correct any errors found. If there is still time left before the end of the exam, go back to the short answer part and work on the questions that you did not have time to answer in the first half of the exam. Now you can already think about them without the risk of not having time to complete the work.