; entrance exams, the form of which is determined by the university independently; additional entrance tests creative and (or) professional orientation.

Unified State Exam (USE)

The main form of conducting the state final certification in educational institutions of secondary (full) general education RF, the results of which are taken into account by universities as entrance examinations in the relevant general education subjects.

Entrance exams, the form of which is determined by the university independently

This is the type of exams that apply to applicants who completed the 11th grade before January 1, 2009; for applicants for undergraduate programs or training programs for a specialist of the relevant profile with secondary vocational education, for applicants from foreign countries; for applicants with the qualification "certified specialist" entering the master's program; for applicants with higher professional education entering undergraduate programs, specialist training programs or master's programs, etc.

Additional entrance tests of creative and (or) professional orientation

These are examinations conducted for applicants for admission to specialties that require creative, physical or psychological qualities.

Additional entrance examinations of a profile orientation are carried out in the form of oral or written examinations, interviews, tests, or by a combination of them. Programs of additional entrance examinations of a specialized orientation in general education subjects are formed by universities on the basis of the federal state educational standard secondary (complete) general education.

Additional entrance tests creative orientation carried out in writing or oral, the form of listening, viewing, interviewing or otherwise, determined by the annual rules for the admission of higher educational institution. The interview procedure is documented in a protocol that records the questions asked to the applicant and short comment to the examiners' answers.

When conducting an additional entrance examination, the university establishes two exams from the List of entrance examinations (in without fail- an exam in the Russian language and in a specialized general education subject). An additional entrance exam of a profile orientation is established by the university for the corresponding specialty in the profile general education subject, determined by the List of entrance tests.

Additional entrance examinations are carried out as the examination groups are formed from among the applicants who have submitted the necessary documents, in several stages, but not before the start acceptance of documents. In addition, they can be carried out in parallel with the delivery of the Unified state exam at additional times.

ATTENTION!

• The results of all entrance examinations, including additional ones, are evaluated on a 100-point scale.
• Results of the winners and prize-winners of the final stage All-Russian Olympiad schoolchildren, members of the national teams of the Russian Federation who participated in international Olympiads in general education subjects, are recognized by universities as the highest results of entrance examinations (“100” points) in these general education subjects when admitted to specialties that do not correspond to the profile of the Olympiad.
• Final exams at preparatory departments, courses (schools) at universities, it is prohibited to count as entrance and additional entrance tests.
• When accepting applicants for training in master's programs, the list, programs and form of entrance examinations are established by the university independently.
• When accepting applicants for the second and subsequent courses, including those with higher professional education, the list, programs and form of attestation tests are established by the university independently.
• For applicants for state-funded places (by general competition, for targeted admission, who have the right to out-of-competition admission), as well as for places under contracts with payment of tuition fees for a certain specialty and for the corresponding course, the same entrance tests are established.
• With the participation of an applicant in the competition, based on the results of the Unified State Examination, he is not allowed to pass the entrance examinations conducted by the university independently.
• The results of entrance examinations for admission to full-time education are recognized by universities as the results of entrance examinations for other forms of education and (or) conditions of study.

The fact that competitive entrance examinations are designed to select the best is known to everyone. But not everyone knows that the previous entrance exams to the university performed another function: they set the applicant the level of requirements that was necessary for further education. With the preparation for these exams for the future student, the university educational process actually began. The entrance examinations can be called the first session, the successful completion of which meant that the applicant would be able to master the educational program.

This second (preparatory) function of the entrance examinations was actually the most important, since it (in most cases) excluded the situation when a newly enrolled student was unable to study. Entrance tests in one subject, even at different faculties of the same university, have always been different, because the requirements for students were different. It never occurred to anyone to give the same variant in mathematics to future programmers and psychologists, for example.

The architects of the Unified State Examination did just that: they offered the same thing for everyone without exception. It turned out to be a monster that is not capable of performing a preparatory function for anyone, and precisely because of its versatility. The USE assessment scale ranks applicants well, but behind the scores of this scale, the level of knowledge that could ensure mastery is indistinguishable educational program specific university.

Minimum throughput USE scores this problem is not solved in any way. Minobrovsky thresholds are not to be considered seriously in this capacity at all. In mathematics, for example, the official 27 passing marks correspond to the solution of six simple problems of the level 5-7. In the old days, with such "knowledge" they would not even be taken to the 10th grade. The university has the right to raise this value.

Suppose he increases the minimum passing score to 50. Now, to overcome the threshold, you need not 6, but 10 tasks of the SAME LEVEL. And what has changed from this? Essentially, nothing.

Every promotion passing score narrows the pool of applicants. Moreover, capable guys often turn out to be overboard, who, precisely because of their abilities, do not pay due attention to developing "skills passing the exam”, and they are bypassed in points by a trained idiot. Note that if a university wants to provide applicants with reliable knowledge of geometry, for example, then it will have to set an unthinkable threshold of 98 points (graduates with such indicators are now only 0.03%; a current student can pass the exam in mathematics without any knowledge of geometry by 97 points) . Now even the Mekhmat of Moscow State University groans because its students do not know elementary geometric facts.

So, the key fatal flaw of the USE as an entrance exam is that it is not able to perform the preparatory function of the previous entrance tests. In addition, USE scores are “valid for 4 years” (why not for life?), This provision is written into the law on education. And what remains of knowledge after 4 years? It seems that the drafters of the law did not hear at all about the main function of the entrance exam.

The consequence is a TOTAL DECEPTION OF THE YOUTH. Schoolchildren gain their USE scores, the happy ones go to the university and there they end up with a mass “with nothing”: they cannot study. Drop out from day one educational process and either leave with time, or float on the waves of normative per capita funding (which does not allow the university to get rid of them on its own) with fake triples for the same diploma. Today, this process has covered almost ALL universities and ALL faculties.

The most ugly thing in this story is that if at least part of the effort spent on preparing for the Unified State Examination was aimed at achieving the level of the previous entrance tests, the same students could quite successfully study at the same universities.

So, when the entrance exams start, has the number of seats changed on a budget, paid basis? Admission to a higher educational institution is the number one issue for all graduates.

Photo:

1. Features and innovations
2. Main Items and Perks
3. Approximate exam dates
4. Are online exams real?

Rules are regularly changed, reviewed and specified. We need to be prepared that this will happen again in 2018.

Features and innovations

Despite the fact that admission is a difficult period for a future student and his parents, positive aspects can be identified here.

1. To enroll, you must provide admission committee certificate with USE scores. From now on, the final certification can be taken twice a year. Preliminary delivery is carried out in February. Based on the test results, the graduate either uses them for admission, or registers for re-examination. The second USE is dated May. Every graduate knows that test results become a ticket to the best institutions in Russia.
2. If a graduate missed the deadlines for entrance exams to universities in 2018, it's not scary. Test results are valid for three years. This means that according to the results of one USE, you can enter three years in a row.
3. Each university has its own individual requirements and rules.

   Entrance tests and programs

   For example, liberal arts universities put more emphasis on the Russian language. Be prepared for the fact that for admission, for example, in medical university, you will need to pass some additional disciplines.

This decision was made at the request of the teachers. A schoolchild, knowing what disciplines will be on the exam, masters a narrow range of disciplines, which negatively affects the general level of education. The new rules for entrance exams for universities in 2018 will avoid this problem.

And what are the dates for the entrance exams of 2018 to the leading universities in Moscow?

1. Moscow State University - 10-21.07.
2. MGIMO - 12-25.07.
3. NRU HSE - 16.07.–24.07.
4. MIPT - 10-26.07.
5. MGMU them. Sechenov - 11-25.07.
6. FA under the Government of the Russian Federation - 27.07.-8.08.
7. REA them. G.V. Plekhanov - 11-21.07.
8. MSTU - 10-25.07.
9. MAI - 21.07.–23.08.
10. MIREA - 18-22.07.

If we carefully analyze the higher educational institutions of Moscow, then the most popular, in demand is the Moscow State University. Lomonosov. However, everyone will agree that it is irrational to apply for admission to only one institute. Moreover, the more prestigious the institution, the higher the passing score. The number of universities where a graduate can apply should not exceed five.

Main Items and Perks

When choosing an institution, pay attention to the profile disciplines for each specialty in order to decide what you need to prepare for. Let's see which disciplines in universities will be encountered most often when passing entrance exams in 2018.

1. Biology. The minimum number of points in biology is 36. To get into the budget, you will need to score 45-78 points, institutes with high competition - 79-100.
2. Russian language. The minimum number of points for the exam is 36. To get on the budget, you will have to work hard, scoring 45-72 points in the Russian language, prestigious educational institutions - 72-100.
3. Maths. Minimum score for the USE is 36. For budget place you need to score 45-80 points, for admission to a leading university - 80-100.

For each discipline there are certain criteria, passing scores. By the way, the rules for conducting entrance exams in 2018 have no special innovations.

What about perks? It is no secret that all applicants can be conditionally divided into two groups - state employees and contract employees. Each year the number of places on the budget varies.

• orphans;
• disabled people;
• children without parental care.

It is known that in 2018 only 10% of seats will be allocated to all of the above categories of beneficiaries. All other graduates will have to take entrance exams, observing the deadlines and basic rules.

From 2018, graduates of schools in Crimea and Sevastopol will be able to enroll on a general basis. The general educational institutions of the peninsula had enough time to adapt to the new conditions of education.

Approximate exam dates

We have decided on the approximate dates of admission to universities in Moscow, but what about other cities of Russia and Belarus?


Consider the terms of the entrance exams of Samara in 2018 using the example of the best universities.

1. SamGUPS - 18.07.–18.08.
2. SSEU - 20.06.–11.07.
3. SGASU - 11-26.07.
4. SamGTU - 11-20.07.
5. SSAU - 16-21.07.

Novosibirsk applicants will be interested to know when the entrance exams of 2018 are at the universities of this city.

1. NSU - 07-26.07.
2. SGUGiT - 15.07.–30.08.
3. NSTU - 13.07–19.08.
4. SGUPS - 15-29.07.
5. SibGUTI - 20.06.–26.07.

Approximate dates of entrance exams in 2018 for Belarusian universities.

1. BSU - 14-26.07.
2. BNTU - 15-20.07.
3. BSUIR - 15-20.07.
4. BSEU - 16-19.07.
5. MSLU - 8.07.–1.08.

Are online exams real?

You can do it not only by personally visiting the university, but through the website. Practice shows that every year an increasing number of applicants use the opportunity to take entrance exams online. 2018 is no exception.


True, today the list of institutions with the possibility of applying online is limited, but it is constantly expanding. Today it is:

1. Moscow State University Lomonosov.
2. RGGU.
3. Tomsk Polytechnic Institute.
4. Federal University of Uralsk.
5. MGUA them. Kutafin.
6. Timiryazev Academy.

What should an applicant do? Register on the website of a higher educational institution, apply. Electronic database will automatically count it.

By the way, no one forbids an applicant to apply to different universities both in person and remotely.

The following categories are not eligible to submit an electronic application:

• beneficiaries;
• entitled to priority enrollment;
• having extra points for preparatory courses.

What is university entrance examinations? This question worries many high school students who have to make a difficult choice.

Features of entrance examinations

Despite the numerous transformations that are currently taking place in the system of domestic secondary and higher education, in addition to the results obtained by graduates in the Unified State Examination, academies and universities have the right to conduct their own entrance exams.

Many high school students want to know in advance how to pass the entrance examinations at the university, whether it is possible to prepare for them.

In order to select from a large stream of applicants guys who really deserve to be admitted to a university, prestigious domestic universities conduct internal tests.

Classification of additional exams

University entrance examinations - what is it? Currently, they are usually divided into basic and additional tests. The first group consists of those subjects that are included in the Children get a chance to pass within the walls of a higher educational institution those subjects that are various reasons they were not chosen at school.

The second group includes special entrance tests to universities in the Russian language, social science, and creative tasks. Depending on the specifics of the direction of the higher education institution, additional exams may vary. They allow you to identify among the flow of applicants the most talented guys with in-depth knowledge and skills necessary for their chosen specialty.

Technical focus

For engineering universities and academies are characterized by additional entrance tests in mathematics. You can get into the university based on the results of special subject Olympiads organized by the educational institution itself. Each educational institution of the highest level tries to organize intellectual tournaments and competitions on its basis, the winners and prize-winners of which receive additional points when submitting documents to the university.

Who should take additional tests?

Not all applicants know how to pass entrance examinations at the university. For some of them, the very fact that they need to pass additional exams becomes an unpleasant surprise. Let's try to understand what university entrance examinations are and who should take them. The main tests are for those applicants who are not in the disciplines that are mandatory in the chosen field of study.

They are also available to those who have graduated educational institutions middle management until 2009. Pass mandatory exams and applicants who already have a higher or secondary special education.
Entrance examinations are also compulsory for foreign citizens who decided to study in Russian higher educational institutions.

Features of additional tests

What are entrance examinations to the university of additional form? Their higher education institutions are established for creative specialties: acting, architecture and construction, artistic creativity. In addition, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, future cadets of flight and military schools undergo additional tests.

Discussing what university entrance examinations are, we note that their results are summed up with the scores scored by an applicant in the Unified State Examination.

Additional exams are required to be taken by all applicants who apply for admission in the chosen specialty.

List of tests

Each educational institution has the right to independently determine the type and number of additional tests, as well as to install subjects that are taken in the form of the Unified State Examination.

Which applicants are waiting for entrance examinations to the university?

Examples of general education subjects for which the main tests are conducted at the university (academy):

• maths;
• geography;
• physics;
• Russian language and literature;
• biology;
• story;
• foreign language.

How are university entrance examinations carried out? For example, as additional exams, applicants are offered to test their physical fitness, psychological readiness for the profession, creative works are offered.

The educational institution itself chooses the form of the exam:

• testing;
• written testing;
• oral interview;
• essay writing.

How to prepare for additional tests?

Is it possible to successfully pass the entrance examinations to universities? What is a preparatory course? Each university that conducts additional tests organizes various preparatory courses for future applicants.

Besides, in major cities special educational centers, whose main task is to fully prepare high school students to pass the unified state exam, as well as to successfully pass additional tests offered by higher educational institutions.

If many high school students only need to study well at school to prepare for the Unified State Examination, then only a few can qualitatively independently prepare for creative tests on their own. The best option would be to choose preparatory courses based on the higher educational institution in which you plan to enter.

Only in this case it will be possible to count on receiving the most useful information, which will certainly help the applicant become a student of an academy or university.

In addition to obtaining a certain level of knowledge necessary for the successful completion of creative tests, in the process of additional coursework, high school students will receive useful information about the teaching staff of the institute (university), get acquainted with their future classmates. Also, the courses provide information about the requirements of a particular educational institution, the features of the educational process.

Useful information

In order to get into additional coursework at a university, it is necessary at the beginning school year contact an educational institution, find out about the terms and In most domestic universities and academies, preparatory courses begin in October-November and continue throughout the academic year.

These courses will not only allow you to better assimilate certain information in academic disciplines, but will also provide an opportunity to change direction in a timely manner. For example, if a high school student, while attending preparatory courses in mathematics, realized that it would be difficult for him to compete with his peers in this academic discipline, he can switch to another profile.

In addition to one-year courses, higher education institutions also offer short-term classes. Reduced training is designed for 2-3 weeks, organized mainly immediately before the entrance examinations to the university. Such courses are suitable for those high school students who for a long time could not decide on the choice of their future profession or doubted the choice of educational institution.

Among the main disadvantages of such preparation for admission to domestic universities and academies is the need to assimilate a large amount of information in a minimum time period. There is a high probability that the applicant simply does not have enough time to process the information received, to use it optimally when passing the main and additional entrance tests to the academy or university.

Finally

Entering a university is a responsible and important stage in the life of every high school student. In order to increase your chances of success, you need to use all the opportunities: take preparatory courses, collect diplomas and certificates, try your hand at subject Olympiads and creative competitions.

The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has given higher educational institutions the right to independently choose a list of tests, upon successful completion of which the applicant receives the right to enroll in an educational institution for budgetary basis. In some universities, preferential categories of citizens are exempted from passing additional tests, but most of the domestic academies and universities offer them to all applicants. All additional tests are carried out in Russian, the only exception is the direction of study, where the main academic discipline is a foreign language.

They are divided into basic and additional. The former include general education subjects, thereby repeating the list USE exams, and the second is carried out for creative, military and some other specialties. Such exams are specialized and are designed to identify students with the greatest knowledge(skills) in the chosen specialty.

Who needs to pass internal entrance examinations

The main entrance examinations must be taken by those applicants who do not have USE results. It can be:

• persons who graduated from school before 2009;
• applicants who already have a secondary special or higher education;
• Foreign citizens.

Additional entrance tests to universities are held for such specialties as, for example, actors, architects, artists, pilots, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the military, entering the academies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. At the same time, all applicants applying for this specialty pass additional exams, regardless of whether they have USE results or not.

List of entrance examinations to universities

Each university determines the list of basic and additional tests independently. Information about the date of the exams must be published by the university no later than February 1 of the current academic year.

The main tests, as a rule, duplicate the subjects taken for the exam. These are such general educational subjects as:

• maths;
• Russian language and literature;
• story;
• chemistry;
• physics;
• biology;
• geography;
• foreign languages.

Among the additional tests may be testing of physical fitness, creative work, determining psychological readiness. The form of additional tests is established by the university independently. Examinations can take place both in writing and in oral form, in the form of testing, survey, essay writing or other creative work.

Preparation for entrance examinations to the university

Each university that conducts entrance examinations also offers preparatory courses. Engaged in preparation for admission and other educational centers.

Special preparation for general subjects may not be needed, especially if you studied well at school and also studied the subject on your own. The situation is quite different with additional - creative tests. Here self-study won't be enough. It is better if you choose a preparatory course at the university you wish to enter. So you will not only get the level of knowledge necessary for admission, but also get to know the teachers, the requirements of a particular educational institution, and possibly your future classmates.

It is better to find out about the availability of preparatory courses in advance - at the beginning of the academic year before admission. As a rule, courses are divided into full and short courses. The first can begin as early as October-November and last a whole year - until admission. Such courses are definitely preferable. So you will not only learn the material better, but also be able to understand whether the chosen specialty is really to your liking. If you want to change your profile, then there will still be time left to prepare.

Short-term courses last from six months to two weeks. These are courses for those who did not have time to sign up for the main stage of preparation. Here the same amount of knowledge is taught, but for a much shorter time. There is a high probability that in a hurry you may not catch something, simply not learn it due to lack of time. However, if you find out about preparatory courses even a week before the exam date, do not neglect them. In such a short time, you, of course, will not prepare properly, but you will learn about the procedure for conducting the exam, about what can be used during the test and what is prohibited. Teachers also explain the criteria for evaluating work.