Acting Rector of SPbGMTU, Doctor of Technical Sciences Evgeny Mikhailovich Appolonov:

Prospects for the joint development of shipbuilding education

and shipbuilding industry

In the summer of 2014, a meeting of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Science and

education on a topic relevant to all technical universities

"Improvement vocational training technical and

engineering staff". As follows from the materials of the meeting of the Council, in

as one of the main tools for improvement, the development of relations between universities and industry and the strengthening of the role and responsibility are considered industrial enterprises for the training, employment and adaptation of university graduates. For shipbuilders, the recommendations of the Council were not only a guide to action, but also to a large extent a confirmation of the strategic course taken a year ago to radically strengthen the ties of the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University

(SPbGMTU, until 1992 - the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute, Korabelka) and the shipbuilding industry (Sudprom).

The initiator of this strategy is FSUE Krylov State science Center”(KGNTs) found support in the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, OJSC United Shipbuilding Corporation (OSK), key enterprises of Sudprom, and, most importantly, understanding in the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. As a result, since December 2013, SPbGMTU has been implementing a consistent policy aimed at the further development of shipbuilding education based on strengthening relationships with Sudprom. The features and first results of the implementation of this process will be discussed in this article.

In the 1950s - 1980s, rightfully called the Golden Age of domestic shipbuilding, it was the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute (LKI, Korabelka) that was the generally recognized leader in the training of highly qualified shipbuilders, had broad ties with industry in the scientific field, highly paid (higher than in applied research institutes) and a balanced age composition of the teaching staff (PTS).

In the 1990s, all organizations involved in shipbuilding found themselves in the same and very difficult situation, but in the 2000s they began to get out of it in different ways. The restoration of the country, the emergence of state orders primarily affected shipbuilding design bureaus (KB) and shipyards.

Science, represented by the applied institutes of Sudprom, recovered much more slowly - there was no influx of young people and the aging of teams continued, the unique experimental base was destroyed and continued to function solely due to the enthusiasm of the staff, wage growth lagged behind. Thus, even applied shipbuilding science, in the conditions of the general economic growth of the domestic economy, could not provide the necessary pace of development through self-financing. In this situation, the country's leadership showed wisdom and took a number of consistent steps to support domestic scientific institutes, creation of an advanced scientific and technical reserve (NTZ), development and modernization of the experimental base.

In the period 2007 - 2012. The Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia has developed a “Strategy for the development of the shipbuilding industry for the period up to 2020 and beyond”, launched the FTP “Development of the defense industry complex for the period 2007-2015” and the FTP “Development of civil marine equipment for 2009-2016”, approved the State program "Development of the shipbuilding industry for 2013 - 2030". In the above documents, shipbuilding is faced with the most serious tasks: the creation of complex science-intensive ships, ships and marine equipment for the development of the Arctic shelf and the Northern Sea Route and the unconditional fulfillment of the State Defense Order. As a result of the measures taken, the noted backlog has been completely overcome scientific organizations, the experimental base is being developed and updated, a leading scientific and technical project is being created - innovative solutions, patents and utility models, exclusive conceptual projects.

Unfortunately, this development process practically did not touch Korabelka, which is not formally related to Sudprom. At the end of 2013, the state of the University was characterized by a catastrophic aging of the faculty, moral and physical obsolescence of the educational and laboratory facilities and the deplorable state of the property complex, a significant lag in the average salary from the achieved level at Sudprom enterprises, weakening ties with industry. At the same time, it should be taken into account that, despite the difficulties mentioned above, the employees of the Maritime University managed to preserve the unique technology of shipbuilding education. At present, SPbGMTU is the only university in Russian Federation, where personnel are trained in the entire range of specialties and scientific areas related to the design and construction of ships and ships of all classes, with the development and creation of ship power plants and ship automation, ship engineering, technical means for the development of the oceans, ship armament. The university also trains specialists in the field of environmental safety of industrial zones and water areas, organization and economics of shipbuilding production. And if the strategic prospect of domestic shipbuilding is the creation of science-intensive products, then without science there will be no shipbuilding, and without the development of shipbuilding education and, accordingly, SPbGMTU, there will be no science necessary for shipbuilding. The circle is closed.

What can the university gain from the implementation of a strategic course to strengthen the relationship between SPbGMTU and Sudprom? First of all, this will improve the quality of shipbuilding education and, as a result, increase the number of SPbGMTU graduates at Sudprom enterprises. This will become possible as a result further development system of basic departments and targeted training, coordination of professional and educational standards.

Cooperation with enterprises of the shipbuilding industry will help to increase the degree of participation of teaching staff in R&D on orders from the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Defense. The necessary modernization of the scientific and laboratory base of the university and the development of the property complex will also largely depend on interaction with research centers, concerns, design bureaus and shipyards. In the future, we can talk about the creation of scientific and educational centers together with Sudprom.

At the same time, it is very important to emphasize that the desire to strengthen ties between SPbGMTU and Sudprom is not one-sided. Shipbuilding needs development human resources, replenishment of enterprises by specialists shipbuilders. And the University has a unique set of educational and scientific technologies in the field of shipbuilding, ship energy, marine instrumentation, economics of the shipbuilding industry and maritime law and is able to solve serious complex problems in the interests of Sudprom.

Since December 2013, within the framework of the adopted strategy, the new university administration has already achieved certain results in its activities.

Work has begun on preparing a forecast of the needs of industry in shipbuilding engineers, the process of creating a system of basic departments at the enterprises of Sudprom has been launched, work has been intensified to expand the participation of the university in federal targeted programs(FTP) of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, contractual work commissioned by the Russian Ministry of Defense and Sudprom enterprises. The development strategy of SPbGMTU was discussed in detail and supported at meetings with representatives of Sudprom, heads of state authorities, the Educational and Methodological Association (UMO) for shipbuilding, the Association of Shipbuilders of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

The preparation of mid-term and long-term forecasts of Sudprom's need for shipbuilding personnel is carried out by JSC "OSK", Krylov State Scientific Center and St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University with the support of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia.

The importance of this work cannot be overestimated, since further decisions on the prospective development of the University should be based on it. At the same time, it is necessary to move away from simplified approaches associated with algebraic summation, as a rule, extremely cautious forecasts of the personnel services of enterprises. Statistical data on the dynamics of the development of personnel potential should be adjusted taking into account the prospects for the development of the Sudprom in the light of the state tasks set and the factors of innovative development of enterprises. The university does not have the task of necessarily obtaining a positive gradient in terms of the annual output of engineers.

Much more important is the quality of graduates. At the moment, a forecast methodology has been developed and data collection on shipbuilding enterprises has begun.

The positive effect of the work of the basic departments is well known:

improving the quality of graduate training by involving leading specialists of enterprises in the educational process, targeting graduates, using the scientific and experimental base of enterprises in the educational process, adapting students to working conditions at enterprises, involving teaching staff and students in R&D in the interests of the enterprise. The creation of basic departments for SPbGMTU is the main mechanism for the implementation of the strategic course to strengthen relationships with Sudprom. And Sudprom, for its part, has every opportunity to ensure the successful work of the basic departments: authoritative scientific and engineering school, highly professional specialists, a unique experimental base in scientific centers. The plan currently being implemented to create basic departments is based on a systematic approach, in which the basic departments are supposed to cover almost all the key shipbuilding enterprises of St. Petersburg. Within the framework of this systematic approach, the basic departments are combined into the following large blocks:

Scientific block, including basic departments in the main scientific areas of scientific centers (KGNTs, OJSC "Center for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technology" (TSTSS), FSUE "TsNII KM" Prometheus ").

Departments of strength and ship design, physical fields, ship acoustics have already been created here, organizational procedures are being carried out for the departments of hydrodynamics, ocean engineering, shipbuilding technology and ship power engineering, and composite materials technology.

Submarine shipbuilding block on the basis of JSC "Admiralty Shipyards", JSC "TsKB MT" Rubin "and JSC" SPMBM "Malakhit".

A block of surface shipbuilding, including high-speed ships, on the basis of Severnaya Verf OJSC, Severnoye Design Bureau OJSC, Nevskoye Design Bureau OJSC and Almaz Central Metallurgical Design Bureau OJSC.

Block of arctic shipbuilding on the basis of Baltiysky Zavod JSC, Iceberg Central Design Bureau JSC and 2 design departments of KGNTs - Baltsudoproekt Central Design Bureau and research design department.

Marine Instrumentation Block on the basis of OJSC Concern TsNII Elektropribor, OJSC Concern Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor, OJSC Concern Okeanpribor, OJSC Concern NPO Avrora.

The implementation of a systematic approach will allow most students to study at basic departments, comprehend the requirements that exist in enterprises, and look at the profession. Enterprises in the process of studying at the basic department will be able to accept students for part-time jobs (students will be able to study, learn a profession and earn a living, and we will encourage this), and in the future select graduates who suit them in terms of knowledge and interest to work for permanent basis. In this way, the issues of employment of future graduates of the Marine Technical University will be resolved.

A lot of work has already been done to organize basic departments and will require continued efforts in the future. We are confident that in the near future the work of the basic departments will give the expected positive results, change the mentality of the students regarding the choice of Sudprom enterprises as a future place of work, will increase the motivation of students, graduate students, teaching staff to develop educational and scientific work at the University.

In matters of development of scientific work, the leadership of the University expects to expand the participation of teaching staff, graduate students, students in promising works by order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia and the Ministry of Defense of Russia, JSC "OSK" and specific enterprises of Sudprom. AT last years there is a positive trend in the increase in the volume of R&D: 2012 - 451 million rubles, 2013 - 611.8 million rubles, this year contracts have already been concluded for total amount 596.7 million rubles, more than 750 million rubles are expected by the end of the year. The indicated total volumes are quite comparable with those of the leading technical universities. At the same time, SPbGMTU experiences a serious deficit in state budget financing of fundamental and exploratory research (FPI). But the FPI in the system of university science are extremely important element development of the scientific and technical reserve, which ensures the subsequent implementation of R&D in the interests of the listed ministries and organizations. At present, within the framework of the basic part of the state task in the field of scientific activity The volume of financing of SPbGMTU is 11.25 million rubles per year, i.e.

about 1.5% of total R&D. The collection and analysis of updated proposals on the subject of the FPI showed that the volume of the basic part of the state assignment can include 35 R&D worth about 160 million rubles, in which more than 250 employees should take part. This will amount to only about 20% of the total scientific and technical output of the University, which can be considered the minimum necessary level for the proper maintenance and development of the scientific and technical reserve, as well as the involvement of teaching staff in scientific work, scientific works nicknames and talented youth. At the same time, in our opinion, the basic part of the state task in the field scientific research for universities focused on the defense industry, should be formed taking into account the following criteria:

- the volume of R&D carried out on orders from the real sector of the country's economy;

– the volume of deliveries of high-tech innovative products for the Russian Ministry of Defense and other law enforcement agencies of the state;

– publication activity in scientific and technical collections of papers on special topics;

– patent activity as an indicator of the novelty of technical solutions.

Particular attention in the development of scientific work will be paid to attracting students and university youth to the development of innovative projects. To support this direction, a fund will be created to finance initiative projects that are in demand in the shipbuilding market. We hope that our university youth represented by students, graduate students, doctoral students, teachers, which is the most active and least conservative group of the scientific and engineering community in their views, supported by the leadership and leading representatives of the teaching staff, will be able to contribute to this process by performing scientific and engineering studies for the preparation of theses, master's, candidate and doctoral dissertations. If, in addition to the existing motivation, we provide material support, this will give a noticeable impetus to the development of initiatives and activities in this area.

The successful development of the educational process and scientific work is impossible without the modernization and development of the educational, laboratory and scientific base and the property complex. According to the completed justifications, measures to modernize the educational, laboratory and scientific base will require funding in the amount of 450 million rubles. Given the fact that there has been virtually no centralized funding in this area between 1991 and the present, the figure shown does not appear to be excessive. But it can be reduced by using the scientific and experimental base of enterprises through the mechanism of basic departments. The concept for the development of the property complex in the long term is aimed at combining 6 sites located in different parts of the city into a single campus on an area of ​​​​about 16 hectares under the control of St. Petersburg State Medical University in the southwest of St. Petersburg (Leninsky pr., 111). The creation of the campus will raise shipbuilding education to a new level of development. At the same time, its location is optimal according to a number of important criteria, in particular, a convenient location for potential applicants in the center of a large southwestern residential area, remote from most other technical universities in the city, geographical proximity to intensively developing scientific centers (KGNTs, TsTSS), design bureaus (OJSC Severnoye PKB, OAO TsMKT Almaz, OAO Central Design Bureau MT Rubin and OAO SPMBM Malakhit), shipyards (OAO Severnaya Verf, OAO Sredne-Nevsky Shipbuilding Plant).

The development strategy of SPbGMTU is regularly discussed at meetings with interested organizations. At an expanded meeting of the Educational and Methodological Association (UMO) on shipbuilding, with the participation of Sudprom enterprises, it was recognized and included in the decision that St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, which is a backbone university in the field of shipbuilding, is able, together with the universities that are part of the UMO, to ensure the further development of shipbuilding education in the country. As a further development of this provision, the University is considering the possibility of establishing the Association of Shipbuilding Universities of Russia under the auspices of St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University. The existence of this Association will help shipbuilding universities to consolidate their strength and apply for the implementation of major scientific and technical projects.

In July 2014, the Association of Shipbuilders of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, which includes the heads of almost all shipbuilding enterprises in the region, heard a report on the topic “ Current state and development strategy of SPbGMTU”. Shipbuilders were presented with the initiatives of SPbGMTU on the creation of basic departments at key enterprises of Sudprom, on the modernization of the laboratory base and the creation of a campus, on the establishment of the Association of Shipbuilding Universities of Russia under the auspices of SPbGMTU, on the formation of a supervisory board at SPbGMTU, whose recommendations on the development strategy of the University, support for innovative projects in the field of shipbuilding and shipbuilding education.

Following the meeting, the members of the Association noted that in order to solve the tasks set for the shipbuilding industry to create complex science-intensive ships, ships and marine equipment, purposeful comprehensive support is required for SPbGMTU as a unique Russian educational center. The General Meeting of the Association of Shipbuilders decided to recommend to the heads of shipbuilding enterprises that are members of the Association, to provide all possible support and practical assistance to the work of the administration of SPbGMTU and submit their proposals on the composition of the Supervisory Board at SPbGMTU before the end of the III quarter of 2014.

In August took place significant event- Alexei Rakhmanov, President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, paid a working visit to the St. Petersburg State Marine technical university. An Agreement on cooperation in the formation of modern system training and retraining of qualified personnel for shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises. The document will become the basis for the development and implementation of specific joint projects, programs, activities that meet the interests of USC and SPbGMTU.

We will carry out joint activities in a number of areas, such as:

targeted training, retraining and advanced training of specialists of JSC "USC" enterprises in accordance with the tasks they face to ensure national security and the country's defense capability, and the development of civil shipbuilding;

development and implementation of innovative educational technologies(including distance learning), improving the quality of training and the practical orientation of student education, taking into account the requirements of JSC "OSK" enterprises;

participation in the development of professional standards for employees of JSC "OSK" enterprises, as well as federal state educational standards vocational education taking into account the provisions of the relevant professional standards and requirements for the level of qualification of employees;

creation of a unified information system and databases of resource support for educational and scientific processes;

organizing and conducting joint fundamental and applied research, development and technological work in the field of shipbuilding and ship repair;

implementation of academic mobility programs for students, undergraduates, graduate students in order to ensure the training of specialists based on best practices and promising technologies;

the formation of a system of vocational guidance in the environment of additional and secondary education, the cultivation of children's technical creativity, organization scientific and practical conferences, forums, competitions, excursions, etc.;

assistance in bringing the educational and research base of the University in line with modern requirements for the training of scientists and specialists for organizations in high-tech sectors of the economy;

organization of interaction between the councils of young scientists and specialists of the University and JSC "USC";

examination of scientific research works carried out in the interests of JSC "USC";

ensuring the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel and scientific personnel highest qualification, organization of advanced training of the teaching staff of the University in the companies of the USC Group;

organization of internships for managers and specialists of USC Group companies to study and master advanced achievements in the implementation of complex interdisciplinary projects for the creation of high-tech industries in priority areas for the development of Russian shipbuilding and ship repair;

professional orientation of the University graduates, creation of conditions for attracting students, undergraduates, graduate students to perform R&D in the interests of USC OJSC, meeting the needs of USC Group companies in highly qualified scientists and specialists;

development of scientific and educational cooperation between the University and the companies of the USC Group through the creation of basic departments, scientific and educational laboratories, resource centers for collective use, scientific and educational centers, small innovative enterprises;

cooperation with interested Russian and foreign partners aimed at developing a personnel training system for USC Group companies;

assistance in attracting resources for the development of a system of training and retraining of personnel for the companies of the USC Group, including international programs and projects.

A new stage in the development of shipbuilding education at St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University should be focused on the implementation of serious tasks set by the country's leadership for shipbuilders. These tasks require new scientific developments and training of appropriate personnel. We must create sophisticated marine equipment, ships and icebreakers capable of operating in harsh Arctic conditions. Need to be updated Navy, which by definition is a knowledge-intensive industry. That is why the further development of the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University is of paramount importance for the future of the shipbuilding industry.

Russian shipbuilding is on the rise. The Navy is being renovated at full speed, albeit less than necessary, but civil and specialized ships are being built. And every day, the shortage of shipbuilders across the entire professional line is becoming more and more acute - from workers and engineers to managers, especially highly qualified ones.

On August 30, 2013, President Vladimir Putin spoke about the relevance of the problem at a meeting on the prospects for the development of domestic civil shipbuilding: “This high-tech industry is of fundamental importance to us. This is the basis for solving defense and socio-economic tasks. This is a demand for qualified personnel and scientific developments. it additional orders for metallurgy, mechanical engineering and other sectors of industry. This is a powerful resource for the development of entire regions of the Russian Federation ... We need to create attractive competitive working conditions in shipbuilding, provide decent wages and opportunities for advanced training, retraining, launch housing programs with the support of the state and the enterprises themselves. Therefore, it is especially important to ensure a constant influx of new personnel in order to lead future specialists from the student's bench to factories and shipyards.

There has certainly been some progress since that meeting. Which specialists are especially in demand, how to provide them to designers and production workers, at the site of the St. Petersburg branch of TASS, the heads of leading industry enterprises, scientific institutes and the base university - St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University discussed.

Evgeny Apollonov, and. about. Rector of St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University

Significant events for the university were two meetings on the development of a training system for the shipbuilding industry and the Navy, which were chaired by Secretary of the Security Council Nikolai Patrushev. Based on the results of these meetings in 2014–2015, protocols were drawn up that received the status of instructions from the President of Russia. The implementation of these decisions determined the short-term development strategy of the university. To strengthen ties with the shipbuilding industry, we have entered into general agreements with USC, Rosatom, Rosneft, Gazprom. Corporations help us renovate laboratories, provide sponsorship, and we conduct joint research and development.

In terms of the development of the educational process and its integration with the interests of the shipbuilding industry, we have created a system of basic departments at key enterprises in the industry - at the Krylov State Research Center, the Malachite design bureau and the Gidropribor concern. Our students are trained, adapted, receive knowledge directly from the specialists of enterprises. Our university has the Institute of Marine Engineering and Technology under the leadership of the outstanding shipbuilder Vladimir Leonidovich Aleksandrov, and two centers for the development of shipbuilding and mechanical engineering technologies, underwater production complexes in the interests of oil and gas companies.

We are making significant efforts to increase the authority of the teaching staff. In particular, in January 2015 it was possible to raise salaries by 27 percent, on September 1 of this year there was another increase - an average of 1.5 times. Now the salary of a doctor of technical sciences, professor, head of the department is 64,000 rubles.

In the scientific field, the university is rightfully considered one of the leaders in St. Petersburg. We have a growing package of orders from enterprises in the real sector of the economy. According to last year's rating of demand for engineering universities in the field of scientific work, we took second place in Russia, although our university is not that big.

A strategy for the development of the university until 2019 has been prepared (it can be considered as a medium-term one).

Vladimir Alexandrov, President of the Association of Shipbuilders of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, Hero of Russia, honorable Sir Petersburg

Shipbuilders have always been highly qualified specialists with a very broad education. I myself graduated from the institute in 1967. Of course, at that time there were no such information technologies, but there was a main goal: you really should study well. Then there was an indispensable requirement for mandatory attendance, which, unfortunately, is not in our democratic society, and this is absolutely wrong. There was a high understanding that a shipbuilding engineer is a prestigious specialty, it will allow a person to reveal himself, provide a decent salary and certain social conditions. Unfortunately, today we do not see a serious desire among students to comprehend the profession.

“ Vladimir Alexandrov:
“Several years ago, there was serious criticism of universities - we train the wrong way and the wrong ones. The result was a sharp increase in the exactingness of the heads of departments and teachers” ”

A few years ago, there was a rather serious criticism from the heads of enterprises against universities - we train the wrong way and the wrong ones, after which there was an open conversation. The result was a sharp increase in the demands placed on heads of departments and teachers in terms of their professional training.

One of our main problems is aging teachers, lack of young people. But today this disproportion is evened out.

Training specialists is a mutual process. It involves teachers, universities, and, of course, our customers. One of the promising moments in the activities of the university and shipbuilding companies was the creation of a faculty for targeted contract training. It precisely trains specialists for organizations and enterprises. We have already graduated more than two hundred engineers for various purposes, who are becoming a qualified basis both at the Admiralty shipyards, and at the Baltic Shipyard, and at the Vyborg shipyard, and in our design bureaus.

I would like to draw attention to the insufficient growth rate of labor productivity at shipbuilding enterprises, which is determined by the engineering preparation of production. I have worked at the Admiralty Shipyards for 44 years and I can say that if we work together, we will be able to achieve good results. In any case, in the Association of Shipbuilders, we are constantly dealing with issues of organizing the production process and improving the skills of our specialists.

Vladimir Dorofeev, General Director of the St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Bureau "Malachite"

Our company specializes in the development of projects for multi-purpose nuclear submarines, special deep-sea technical equipment, and torpedo-missile weapons systems. That is, the features of Malachite are the science-intensiveness of products, the cooperative nature of developments (a very wide range of partners is scattered throughout our country), and the diversity of specialists.

“ Vladimir Dorofeev:
“In communication with general and chief designers, with young specialists of the bureau, in work in laboratories, in fact, a new generation of shipbuilders is born” ”

Interaction with the "ship" is the closest. Some of our specialists teach part-time at the Maritime University, and leading employees, including me, are part of examination boards. Last year, we created a basic department in the field of shipbuilding, weapons and robotics. The students employed at this department, together with our staff and teaching staff, developed a concept project nominated for the competition of the best innovative proposals in St. Petersburg. This is a marine robotic platform for servicing hydrocarbon deposits under water, under ice, where it is impossible to use surface facilities. It seems to me that the project itself is very interesting, it is a bright practical result of cooperation with the Maritime Technical University.

"Korabelka" gives basic theoretical knowledge. And our department is not designed to replace university teachers. This is the addition of theoretical training with practical, project-oriented knowledge in relation to a specific design bureau, in this case, Malachite. In communication with general and chief designers, with young specialists of the bureau, in work in laboratories, in fact, a new generation of shipbuilders is born in the interests of not only Malachite, but also all Russian shipbuilding enterprises.

Tatyana Paklinskaya, head of the personnel selection and development department of the Baltic Shipyard

For us, the education received in the "ship" is a kind of marker for a graduate to get to the plant. However, the university provides basic knowledge, and then we must prepare specific graduates "for the profession." For the most part, engineers, designers, and, at best, technologists leave the university. Today we need production workers, no one is preparing them. Recruiting agency statistics show that only three resumes come to one vacancy, this is a very small percentage. We suffer greatly from the lack of engineers for rationing, planning, pre-production. We also need good programmers who can develop in production Information Technology and systems. But the biggest shortage is workers.

AT recent times The Baltiysky Zavod is growing very actively, by almost a thousand people a year, of which about a hundred are engineering personnel.

The issue of personnel training for shipyards will not be solved by one "shipbuilder", therefore the Baltic Shipyard cooperates with more than 20 educational institutions. An incoming graduate can claim from 30,000 to 50,000 rubles.

We have some preferences for young people. We provide both voluntary health insurance and additional payments throughout the year. We support those who come from the army, we pay lifting.

Valery Polovinkin, Advisor to the General Director of the Krylov Scientific Center

System higher education in any country of the world is inert, it can never compete with advanced enterprises in terms of specific technologies. Always production and design organizations will be ahead high school. Therefore, it is a mistake to put education on the shoulders of only “shipbuilders”.

“ Valery Polovinkin:
“If we don’t provide our research complexes, laboratories, machine tools and technological chains to the university for acquiring practical skills, we won’t get the specialist we need” ”

It is hard to imagine that in one group you could prepare a research engineer for the Krylov Scientific Center, a design specialist for Malachite, a developer of underwater naval weapons for Gidropribor, and a technologist for a plant. The way out of this situation is as follows: individual training, when training is conducted for each specific position. This is an expensive pleasure, the university will not provide such a system.

The creation of the base departments of the Marine Technical University is a very wise decision, we consider them as an opportunity to provide the university with the most advanced laboratory stands. If we are preparing an engineer-researcher, please go to the Krylov Scientific Center. Malachite can provide design methods and the most modern technologies design, shipyards - technological processes and lines.

Today, it is impossible to somehow separate the consumer of personnel and their producer. The whole world is following this path. How can education be improved? Send the most trained professionals from a particular industry to the classroom, provide them with the opportunity to teach students a course of practical knowledge.

Qualification requirements for a graduate are formed not by the university, but by the consumer, and if the “shipbuilder” does not give something, then there is a shortcoming in our work. All over the world, enterprises conclude a contract not just with a university, but with a specific professor who trains the necessary specialists, using, among other things, basic departments.

Today, science is developing very rapidly, electronics changes every six months. If we do not provide our research complexes, laboratories, machine tools and technological chains to the university for acquiring practical skills, we will not get the specialist we need.

The preparation process, which includes basic knowledge, is the prerogative of the university. Practical skills - not only the university, but also the employer. Once this symbiosis between educational institution and industrial production will arise, there will be a necessary level of training.

Higher maritime technical education today should be focused on the needs of the country's shipbuilding industry. He sees this as the key to the successful development of the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University. Rector of SPbGMTU, Doctor of Technical Sciences Evgeny Mikhailovich Appolonov.

Evgeny Mikhailovich Appolonov - since 1977, after graduating from the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute, he worked for 36 years at the Krylov State Research Center.

In 1982 he defended his thesis for the competition degree candidate of technical sciences, and in 2003 - doctor of technical sciences. In 1994, he was appointed Head of the Surface Ships Strength Section, in 2006 - Deputy Head of the Strength Department, in 2007 - Head of the Center for Research and Design Development of Sea and Ocean Resource Development Facilities, in 2009 - Deputy Director, in 2012 - Deputy General Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Krylovsky SSC.

Since 2005, he has been teaching part-time at the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University as a professor at the department of ship design.

EAT. Appolonov is a member of the dissertation councils of St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University and the Krylov State Scientific Center, is a member of the Presidium and Chairman of the Strength and Construction Section of the NTS of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, a member of the Russian National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, has been repeatedly elected to the International Congress on Ship Design. Author of over 150 scientific papers.

E.M. Appolonov was awarded the Certificate of Honor of the Russian Shipbuilding Agency and the Badge "Honorary Shipbuilder". For a set of works to ensure the ice strength of ships E.M. Appolonov, as part of a team of authors, was awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology for 1999. Since December 2013, E.M. Appolonov has been appointed Acting Rector of SPbGMTU.

Evgeny Mikhailovich, please tell us what the St. Petersburg State Maritime Technical University is today. What are the tasks before him? What are the problems at the university?

In order to get an accurate picture of the current situation at the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, you need to carefully study the development strategy of the university, which, along with the extensive tasks facing the university, also formulates the existing problems. Out of a dozen problems, I will single out three main ones. The first is the aging of the teaching staff. Average age PPP is currently sixty-two years old. Accordingly, there is a decrease in motivation for scientific, and, to some extent, for teaching work. The second point is the backlog of the laboratory, educational and experimental base from the modern level. And, finally, the third problem is the lag of the average salary of teaching staff from the salary level achieved today in the shipbuilding industry. These three positions cause the most concern when it comes to the future of the university. And these problems are interrelated.

With the low average salary of teachers, it is quite difficult to count on a generational change. As a result, in the short term, the university staff will simply physically grow old, which will lead to the collapse of the entire educational process within the walls of the university. At the same time, SPbGMTU is a backbone, scientific and educational organization in the shipbuilding industry. The university is the only higher education institution in Russia that trains graduate shipbuilders in the entire range of shipbuilding specialties. He has all the competencies in the field of shipbuilding, shipbuilding and marine technology. In the past, the cooperation of the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute with the leading applied institutes of the industry, design bureaus, enterprises, shipyards, instrument-making concerns was carried out at the very high level. And it is difficult to overestimate the contribution of "Korabelka" to the training of highly qualified personnel in the shipbuilding industry, to the solution of defense tasks, to the implementation of a whole range of scientific research that contributed to the development of both our military-industrial complex and civil shipbuilding. It can be said with confidence that today the university retains the technology for training shipbuilders of the necessary qualifications, despite the fact that in the years following the collapse of the USSR, the university was forced to exist in survival mode. Here we must pay tribute to the previous leadership of the university, teachers and staff who were able to save the university.

- What in your opinion should be the direction of further development of the university?

A new stage in the development of the university should be focused on the implementation of the serious tasks set by the country's leadership for shipbuilders. We all know that the future of Russia is essentially connected with the development of the Arctic shelf, with the transformation of the Northern sea ​​route to the international highway, with the solution of defense tasks and the implementation of the State Armaments Program and the State Defense Order. These tasks require new scientific developments and training of appropriate personnel. We must create sophisticated marine equipment, ships and icebreakers capable of operating in harsh Arctic conditions. It is necessary to update the navy, which by definition is a science-intensive industry. Therefore, without the development of science, shipbuilding will not be able to develop, and without the development of education, science will not be able to develop either. That is why the further development of the Maritime University is of paramount importance for the future of the shipbuilding industry. Today, the shipbuilders themselves are ready to provide serious support to the university. This is the main vector of further development of both the shipbuilding industry and the university - the cardinal strengthening of ties between university science, education and the shipbuilding industry.

It is no secret that not all students of technical universities go to defend their diplomas, many are transferred to other educational establishments. Is this unstable generation of students generally capable of solving the problems of shipbuilding development that you have voiced?

This question contains the objective reality that exists in Russia. Over the twenty-odd years of independent development of the Russian Federation, we have developed a certain bias in the motivation for obtaining specialties. In favor - legal, economic, humanitarian specialties. And, on the contrary, the motivation to get a higher technical education lags behind. Russian President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly noted that the country needs highly educated personnel for the development of Russian industry. There are certain niches for these personnel at our enterprises, and there are also good starting positions. Perhaps more attention should be paid to this issue in the media. The benefits of obtaining a technical education should be explained to students. In this process, the Maritime University has the same problems that exist in the country.

- How does the university intend to solve this problem?

We intend to conduct a fairly active campaign to attract applicants to our university. Mainly, informing schoolchildren and their parents about the state of affairs in the shipbuilding industry. We will organize special excursions to shipbuilding enterprises for schoolchildren interested in obtaining a higher technical education. In my opinion, it is not enough to be limited to spending traditional days open doors in university. Future students should directly, visually familiarize themselves with the area in which they will work after graduation, make sure that shipbuilding is an innovative and high-tech industry, enabling university graduates to reveal all their abilities in the field of scientific work, design development, technology development.

The applicant and the student must be aware of the chance of realizing their creativity and feel the possibility of receiving a decent salary as a respected and authoritative technocratic specialist.

It is known that there is a shortage of schoolchildren who take the Unified State Examination in physics throughout the country, and without knowledge of this subject it is difficult to imagine students who will successfully receive education at the Marine Technical University. This is the task of not only one university, but also a certain information campaign in the country as a whole. In Soviet times, authority exact sciences was indisputable. Take, for example, discussions about physicists and lyricists. After all, physicists were the vanguard of the Soviet intelligentsia. There was a whole system of physical and mathematical schools. Schoolchildren dreamed of entering a reputable technical university, and after graduating from it - to stay at the department, to enroll in graduate school - all this was perceived as an ideal career option. Look at how many highly artistic works are in literature, in cinema, and in theatrical performances was devoted to these issues - the defense of dissertations, the struggle of scientific opinions, etc. Few are aware that the technological and information revolutions were prepared by specialists with just a technical education. It is very important to develop these ideas among young students.

If we talk about efforts aimed at improving the level of education directly at SPbGMTU, I note that we great importance we attach to the organization of basic departments at our shipbuilding enterprises. Through the basic departments, we hope to provide students with the opportunity to receive knowledge not only from the teaching staff, but also directly from leading industry experts. We hope that students will be able to conduct practical and laboratory classes on modern experimental stands and installations that are available in industry institutes, design bureaus, and shipyards. This interaction will make it possible to more closely strengthen the ties between the teaching staff and specialists in the field and will contribute to the development of scientific work at the university.

- Is this process already launched or is it still at the stage of approvals and search for partners?

As a pilot project, the organization of basic departments in the Krylov Research Center is being considered. We expect that departments of this kind will appear at the Center for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technologies, and at the Prometey Central Research Institute of Structural Materials, and at leading design bureaus, instrument-making concerns, shipyards, etc. The basic departments will teach classical courses provided by university teachers, and specialized courses prepared by specialists from the shipbuilding industry.

The functioning of the basic departments is also the adaptation of students to future work at the enterprises of the shipbuilding industry. Specialists of enterprises will search for and select students who suit them according to the level of knowledge and interest for further work right in the process of studying in the basic departments. And students will be able to understand the features of work, comprehend the requirements that exist in enterprises, and look at professions. I will say more, in principle, enterprises will be able to employ students they like even during training. We will encourage this. The student will be able to study, comprehend the profession and earn a living. This moment is very important and the issues of employment of future graduates of the Marine Technical University should be largely resolved at the stage of their education within the walls of the university.

Will there be a full demand for cadres of trained specialists with, say, a narrow technical specialty, in conditions where there are processes of downsizing of shipbuilding enterprises in Russia?

I would not say that there is a tendency in the country to reduce shipbuilding enterprises. On the contrary, as I have already noted, the tasks set for shipbuilders indicate that the industry should develop intensively. The volume of potential orders that oil and gas and shipping companies are ready to place in the shipbuilding industry, the navy indicates the need to increase the number of enterprises, and not to reduce them.

Another thing is that any innovative process taking place in the industry involuntarily contributes to the reduction of the number of jobs. Any innovation provides a new level of automation, reduction of labor intensity, increase in labor productivity. But innovation processes job cuts, in my deep conviction, should not block the general vector of the quantitative development of the shipbuilding industry. And, in this regard, I do not feel much concern for the fate of graduates. The main point is that our graduates should be able to compete for a place in our enterprises with graduates of other technical universities, for which we are taking the steps that I have already mentioned.

You also mentioned the problem of insufficient salaries for faculty members. Due to what, and how will this problem be solved?

This issue is key. Without a decent salary, one cannot talk about raising the authority of teachers, or about the desire of young people to join the teaching staff of the university. The salary of a university teacher consists of two constituent parts. First, the money for the learning process. This part is mainly paid from the budget of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. Secondly, from the remuneration that can be obtained by doing scientific work. The university cannot significantly influence the first part. We can only talk about a slight increase in this component by improving the level of training of our graduates. The main and decisive key to success in my understanding is the development of the second component of the salary. This is an increase in the volume of scientific work of the teaching staff of the university in the interests of the shipbuilding industry. There are many forms for this. The university has a research unit (R&D). Within the framework of R&D, a large amount of research and development work can be carried out, but the participation of teachers in this process is still insufficient, and I am making efforts to develop this area of ​​activity of the teaching staff. To do this, there are federal targeted programs implemented by both the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. There is a need for contract work performed for the needs of the shipbuilding industry. It is only necessary to strengthen the ties of teachers, researchers with the relevant enterprises that are interested in obtaining new scientific and technical developments. We are planning to establish bilateral relations with the majority of St. Petersburg enterprises and with leading Russian enterprises. Of course, the United Shipbuilding Corporation plays a very important role in this, with which we also agreed to discuss the development of scientific research.

Are there any plans to involve Western specialists in teaching within the walls of St. Petersburg State University of International Technology? How does the university develop international cooperation in general?

This work is ongoing. The university looks very authoritative in the international arena. There is a sufficient amount of education and training of foreign students, there is an active interaction with foreign scientific centers of near and far abroad. As one of the first trips as Acting Rector of SPbGMTU, I will have a business trip to a leading university in Kazakhstan, where my colleagues and I will discuss the interaction between Russian and Kazakh scientific and educational organizations. We have connections with a number of foreign companies that provide grants and give lectures for the university. Our university is the organizer international conferences and forums. This process is important to us. But, in my opinion, the main vector for today is the development of relations between SPbGMTU and Russian universities and enterprises.

What can students expect from the implementation of the rector's program in the coming years? The first meeting of the rector with the student activists and the exchange of views have already taken place.

Yes, the meeting of the administration with the students took place literally in the first week of my work at the university. We listened to each other and fixed a set of student aspirations. There is a whole block of questions concerning the development of university infrastructure. This problem is understandable, it cannot be solved instantly and depends on the availability of a sufficient material base. And the material base is connected with financing, both in terms of the budget and extra-budgetary studies. The program for increasing the volume of scientific work will also increase deductions for solving infrastructure issues. If we talk about the educational and scientific and technical side, we will give students the opportunity to see the process of creating marine equipment facilities at all stages from research studies to the construction and commissioning of new facilities. Consent from the enterprises-partners has already been received.

In addition, we are going to involve students in scientific work at SPbGMTU. We will strive to create certain projects focused on the development of the youth environment. It is important to form flexible teams of students, young professionals and teachers at the university so that new projects are developed and new ideas are implemented by the forces of such groups. To support this, a fund will be established to finance internal developments at the university aimed at implementation in industry as part of our initiatives. In the future, we would like to create a product that will be in demand and offer it to our shipbuilding market. We hope that our university youth, who are the most active and least conservative group of the scientific and engineering community in their views, will be able to contribute to this process. Along with leading representatives of science, the university has many graduate and doctoral students, masters, bachelors, who, by definition, must perform scientific and engineering work in order to prepare their master's, candidate's and doctoral dissertations. If, in addition to the existing motivation, we provide material support, this will give a noticeable impetus to the development of initiatives and activities in this area.

If we talk about the minimum terms for the implementation of the extensive announced program, then, in your opinion, how long can it take to train a new type of specialist?

There are no limits to perfection. In the past, I myself am a graduate of "Korabelka", I can say that I worked quite a lot with foreign research centers, universities, shipyards and I know foreign specialists in my field quite well. I have never left pride in the shipbuilding education that I received within the walls of the university, for the national scientific school in shipbuilding, which was adequately represented by the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute. In the late 80s and early 90s, that education system was heavily criticized and completely in vain, in my opinion, as it was advanced. It ensured those successes of the USSR in the scientific and technical field, which we are well aware of, these are the first spaceships, and the first nuclear icebreakers and the first nuclear submarines are the most complex engineering structures that still remain certain priorities and the face of the country. At present, we are reforming our education and trying to integrate it into the education system accepted in the world. This process is correct and does not raise objections. But any process takes place in time, and within the framework of the restructuring of the education system, one cannot lose the positive experience that has been accumulated by our teaching staff over many decades of training students. In terms of the level of student preparation, in terms of the rating of the teaching staff, I do not think that we are lagging behind the leading universities in the world, but in terms of the system of calculating university rankings, we are lagging behind. There are also objective reasons for this, because our universities are Soviet times were largely isolated from ties with the global university community. And there is still a certain isolation in the field of citing scientific works, we are less known in the world, although our developments do not lag behind the corresponding world ones in terms of level. The process of integration into the world university system will be quite long and, I am sure, successful, but it is difficult for me to estimate specific terms, maybe in a few years I will give a more accurate forecast on this matter. But what seems to me quite important is that having proclaimed a certain program for the further development of both education and scientific work at the university, a program for raising the level of university graduates, we must have certain key points. It is very important, thinking about long-term prospects, which is generally characteristic of the Russian mentality, to realistically assess some small but positive steps. In a year, we must sum up the first results and understand: have we increased the volume of scientific work, has our interaction with enterprises improved, have our students been in demand in the shipbuilding industry? These intermediate results must be summed up regularly in order to understand in which coordinate system we are, and what development gradients we have - positive or negative. And when alarming trends are detected, adjustments should be made in the work being done. I think that by the end of the year we will be able to get the first results of our activities.

From December 7, 2013, Evgeny Appolonov, who previously worked as Deputy General Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Krylov State Scientific Center, was appointed Acting Rector of the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University (SPbGMTU). This was reported by the press service of the Krylov Center.

Evgeny Appolonov has been working at the Krylov State Research Center since 1977 after graduating from the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute. In 1982 he defended his dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences, and in 2003 - doctor of technical sciences.

In 1994, he was appointed Head of the Surface Ships Strength Section, in 2006 - Deputy Head of the Strength Department, in 2007 - Head of the Center for Research and Design Development of Sea and Ocean Resource Development Facilities, in 2009 - Deputy Director, in 2012 - Deputy General director.

Since 2005, he has been teaching part-time at the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University as a professor at the department of ship design.

St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University is the only university in Russia that trains world-class marine engineers in design, construction and technical operation at three main faculties sea ​​vessels, combat surface ships and submarines, technical means for the exploration and production of oil, gas and other minerals on the seabed.

The leading position of the Central Design Bureau "Lazurit" was taken by Evgeny Appolonov, who previously served as the rector of the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University.

According to Appolonov, the plans of the design bureau are tied to Rosneft, which acquired Lazurit at the end of 2015 to develop its engineering potential. However, the design bureau also has a number of projects related to the defense industry.

“Rosneft has a significant shipbuilding potential: the Far Eastern center of shipbuilding and shipping, the Far Eastern plant Zvezda, Dalzavod, and a number of other shipbuilding and ship repair facilities,” the specialist noted. “There is a program for the construction of a number of facilities at these facilities, and Lazurit "treated as a design organization".

He added that some of the developments in the line of Rosneft imply joint work with other companies, including foreign ones. For example, the concept of a tanker Aframax on liquefied natural gas developed together with a South Korean company Hyundai Heavy Industries.

"Now I delve into the workflow, form a strategy and development plans. I found a qualified team that has lived in survival mode for a long time. I hope we will move forward and realize all our intentions," commented FlotProm his appointment Evgeny Appolonov.

After graduating in 1977 from the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute, Apollonov worked at the Krylov State Center. In 2003 he received the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences.

Since 2005, he taught at the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, and from December 2013 to November 2016, he served as the acting rector.

TsKB "Lazurit" is one of three Russian design bureaus developing underwater equipment. In particular, "Lazurit" designed the titanium submarines of project 945 "Barracuda" and 945A "Condor", as well as the deep-sea rescue complex "Bester". According to the Kommersant Kartoteka information and reference system, the revenue of the design bureau in 2015 amounted to 273 million rubles, while the loss reached 12 million rubles. Since October 2014, the design bureau has been managed by Vladimir Ogar.

Previously, the design bureau participated in the development of the GVK-450 rescue complex project. Subsequently, a contract with the Nizhny Novgorod design bureau of the Tetis Pro company. GVK-450 as part of the Igor Belousov rescue ship at the end of 2015. More about creating a new rescue ship Russian fleet read in the investigation "".

This year "Lapis Lazuli" at the International Maritime Defense Show for reasons of economy and efficiency. According to the designers, participation in last year's exhibition did not bring the result they expected.