Compulsory military service is a statutory obligation for every adult young man Russian Federation, therefore, for persons of draft and pre-conscription age, the issue of service life always remains relevant. Are innovations expected in 2018-2019 or will the current regulations remain the same?

How long to serve in 2018-2019

According to paragraph 1 of Art. 38 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On military duty and military service”, young people on an urgent call are supposed to serve 12 months, regardless of the type of troops. Military service in internal troops every healthy representative of the male population of the country aged 18-27 years must pass.

At the same time, there is no reason to assume that this period will be changed in 2018-2019. Currently, the main emphasis is on the formation of a contract army, where professionals in their field will serve. As the practice of other countries where the armed forces are formed on a contract basis shows, this approach allows you to bring the army to a more high level and ensure its professionalism and capacity. As a result, young people go to the military ranks of their own free will, so they feel responsible for the obligations placed on them, and receive sufficient material support for their efforts.

In the near future, it is planned to achieve a ratio of conscripts and contractors of 20% to 80%, and in the future - to increase the figures to 10% and 90%, respectively. But despite the increase in the percentage of contract soldiers in Russia, no one is going to abandon the mandatory emergency call.

For alternative service

• Education at the military department in the process of obtaining higher education. This includes theoretical and practical training(including training at the training grounds) for 450 hours, after which the graduate of the military department receives the rank of officer.
• Employment in Spetsstroy, military institutions or enterprises equated to military status. In total, for such a way of fulfilling military duty, you can choose from 65 professions and 61 positions, but a prerequisite is a direction to another region of the Russian Federation. It is available only to conscripts who belong to the category of small indigenous peoples, as well as those for whom being in the army is contrary to the principles of religion. The duration of service in this case is 21 months, and criminal liability is provided for unauthorized leaving the place of service.

For contractors

In addition to the obligatory performance of military duty, young people can choose a contract form, which is valid for both junior staff and officers. The term in this case is determined depending on the type of troops and rank:

• 2 or 3 years for soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen at the initial conclusion of the contract;
• 5 years for midshipmen, ensigns and officers at the initial conclusion of the contract;
• 1-10 years to choose from for those who conclude a contract for the second and subsequent times.

Conscript soldiers also have the opportunity to switch to a contract form 3 months after the call. For some, this path is seen as a good option to improve their financial situation and open up new career opportunities.

Enormous work is being done to attract men to the ranks of contract soldiers:

• increases in wages;
• the age periods of stay in the army for officers are increasing;
• the social package is expanding, which includes education, medical care, benefits for military personnel and members of their families;
• new housing is being built and options for improving housing conditions are proposed.

But it also has its drawbacks in the form of a long minimum contract term, so most young people prefer to traditionally serve in the army for the prescribed year and return to "citizenship".

Possible change

Since 2012, the deputies have repeatedly submitted for consideration the issue of increasing the term of military service. AT different years it was proposed to extend the period of stay of young people in the army to 1 year and 6 months, 1 year and 8 months, and even 2 years. The main arguments are:

• shortage of ordinary conscripts in military units;
• inability to master complex military-technical specialties well within the current period (1 year).
• increasing the quality requirements for the reserve staff of the armed forces;
• lack of time for all types of training of military personnel, including exercises in close to combat conditions.

Despite this, President Vladimir Putin categorically rejected the proposed initiative and refused to increase the term of service in the army. Since he is the Supreme Commander, the final decision always rests with him.

How the timing has changed

After Russia became independent state the duration of military service has changed repeatedly, both up and down:

• since 1993 in the ground forces and navy served for 1.5 and 2 years, respectively;
• since 1996, the duration has been increased to 2 years;
• since 2002, preparations began for the gradual transition of the armed forces to a contract basis and a gradual reduction in the terms of service for urgent conscription;
• since the autumn of 2007, conscripts began to serve for 1.5 years;
• Since January 2008, conscripts have been serving in the army for 1 year.

Therefore, for the time being, we can say that the service in 2019 will be the same as in previous years, that is, 1 year. But it can be assumed that presidential elections in Russia in 2018 will make their own adjustments to the change in terms of service in the army in 2018-2019.

Vladimir Putin on extending military service: video

Every year, any conscript, going to the military registration and enlistment office, thinks about how long they are serving in the army. Before each regular call-up, persistent rumors about a change in the length of service are circulated. But such claims are not based on law. The service life is determined in accordance with the Russian constitution and legislative acts. So far, there is no reason to assert that a change in service life is planned.

According to the statement of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Putin, during the direct line, the duration of service in 2017-2018 will not change. Also, according to the statement of the head of the Ministry of Defense, Sergei Shoigu, which was in 2012, no changes are planned in the draft terms.

How many serve now

According to the law, military service on conscription in 2017 in Russia lasts 1 year. Based on data from the Ministry of Defense, the number of "conscripts" in 2018 will be 15% of total number all military personnel. Regarding the duration of military service in 2018, no changes are expected.
But it is also worth noting that conscription service has alternatives:

1. Complete service in an alternate form.
2. Get trained in the military department of the university.
3. Immediately sign a contract and go to serve in the troops as a contract soldier.

Service in an alternative form (AGS)

A variant of service in the form of labor activity useful to society. The term of this type of service is 1.7 years. Citizens who have reached military age have the right to use this type of service. The basis for filing an application for the desire to pass is a contradiction to his beliefs and religion, as well as a few nationalities who adhere to traditional image life, not consistent with military duty.

When determining the place of passage of the ACS, the education of the conscript, his medical diagnoses and his marital status are taken into account. Most often, those undergoing such service work in hospitals, boarding schools, at the post office, as workers in factories and libraries. Also, such military personnel can continue their education in correspondence and evening forms of education, in parallel with the passage of the ACS.

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Military department

The military department at the university makes it possible to receive military training in parallel with direct training. Learning all the subtleties military service takes place simultaneously with the main studies. The training course within the framework of the military department takes about 450 hours.

In addition to the opportunity to replace military service on conscription, a student of the military department is awarded the title of reserve officer upon graduation, and there is also an opportunity to master the skills military specialty in the chosen direction. But it is worth considering that not every university provides the opportunity to train at the military department. It is necessary to take a very serious approach to the choice of an educational institution and to training at the military department.

The military department is a serious place where they can be expelled for poor progress or absenteeism. In this case, you still have to go to the army after receiving a specialty at a university. Also if educational institution does not offer training at the military department, then you will have to go to serve after graduation from the university.

Signing a contract with the Ministry of Defense

Since 2017, the opportunity has been introduced to obtain the right to serve under a contract without the obligatory completion of military service.

The duration of service in this case is 2 years. This option of service can completely replace conscription service lasting 1 year.
What are the benefits of a contract service?

• The conscript enters into a contract with the Ministry of Defense that he voluntarily goes to serve under the contract. The recruit enters the job with the appropriate salary and benefits. But salaries begin to be paid after a probationary period of 3 months. How much is paid for the service depends on the specific part.
• Certain indulgences in the living and life of a contract soldier. Less restricted movement. Has the right to reside outside the territory of the military unit.
• Use of benefits provided by the Ministry of Defense for military personnel. Visits to medical institutions.
• mortgage programs. Military personnel are provided with housing with the possibility of paying a mortgage under a preferential program. Such military personnel pay contributions for living space at the expense of the state. Just keep in mind that not all military personnel fall under this program, but only those with certain ranks, as well as those who have graduated from military educational institutions.

Find out: How many conscripts serve in the army in Russia in 2018

The disadvantages of such a service include a great risk, since they can be sent to any point where military conflicts take place. Some military units have poor living conditions for contractors.

What changes in terms of service were before 2017

Since the moment Russia became a separate state, the length of service in the army began to change. Since 1993, they served in the ground forces for 1.5 years and 2 years in the navy. But in 1994, during Chechen conflict, there was a need to increase the number of conscripts. However, the military registration and enlistment offices failed to recruit required amount, so the service life in 1996 was increased to 2 years. Released in 1998 new law on military duty, signed by B. Yeltsin.

Since ancient times, the army has been famous for being a place where everyone can take part in the defense of their homeland. Service in the army is the duty of every Russian man. The army is a structure that changes every year. Due to military reforms, the term of service in the army was reduced from 10 years to 1 year. Now the army is equipped with everything necessary for comfortable service. Today, paying back to the Motherland is becoming an increasingly honorable occupation. But, unfortunately, not everyone can do it for health reasons. Therefore, first of all, you need to pass a medical examination. Now the recruit in the army is provided with all the conditions: high-quality food, the latest uniforms and equipment for service. The list of diseases for which they are not taken into the army is also constantly expanding.

Every year, as the time of the army draft approaches, there are many rumors about possible changes military service rules. What is military service, what are the rules for its passage and what can be expected in the foreseeable future.

How many years do conscripts need to serve?

In 1993, a law came into force that reduced the service life to 18 months, and in the fleet to 2 years.
In 1996, in connection with the beginning of the Chechen campaign, a new law was adopted, according to which it was necessary to repay the debt to the Motherland for 2 years.
In the early 2000s, preparations began in Russia for the separation of conscription and contract military service, and for the reduction of conscription service from 2 years to 1 year. The transition took place in two stages:

• those who joined the army in the fall of 2007 had to serve 1.5 years;
• since January 2008, the service life was 12 months - 1 year.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service", young people on an urgent call are supposed to serve 12 months, regardless of the type of troops. All healthy males of the country aged 18 to 27 must pass military service in the internal troops. Upon reaching the age of 27, a citizen will not be drafted into the army.

There are two types of military service:

• on the basis of compulsory conscription (by conscription);
• on the basis of voluntary entry of citizens into military service (under contract).

Conscription service

Young people recovering from the call to defend the country will have to serve in the army for 12 months.

Every year, at the set time, a conscription is carried out for those who have passed the initial military registration and who are 18 years old by the day of conscription. However, first of all, citizens of older draft ages are subject to conscription, who do not have the right to deferment from conscription and various reasons have not previously been called up for military service.
The call is held twice a year:

• from April 1 to July 15;
• from 1 October to 31 December.

The terms of conscription for some categories of conscripts may be extended.

According to the results of the medical commission, as well as taking into account other data, the draft board accepts one of following decisions by conscript:

• about conscription for military service;
• on referral to alternative service;
• granting a deferment;
• for exemption from military duty.

How military service will be in 2020

The call time remains the same. The service life does not change either. At the same time, conscripts will be offered alternative options for service:

• a conscript can be trained in a military department at the same time as regular studies at an institution high school in order to eventually graduate from the university with the rank of officer;
• the opportunity to enter the civil service in institutions where work is equivalent to military service. It is impossible to quit or leave such a service. The term of service differs from the usual time spent in the army and is 21 months.

Do not be afraid that the young soldier will immediately fall "to the war." For the first six months, recruits stay in the so-called "schools", where they learn the intricacies of the service. And only then they go to the place of the main service, where they apply the theory in practice.

The reduction in the term of service entailed a decrease in the number of military departments in universities, as well as a reduction in the list of reasons for deferment.

Who can get a deferment from military service

• those who are marked “unfit”, “temporarily unfit” or “limitedly fit” for health reasons;
• those who received degree provided by the state certification system;
• those young people who raise a child without a baby's mother;
• who are sons or siblings of military personnel who died in the line of military duty;
• persons who support disabled relatives;
• serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty;
• people who have 2 or more children, or a child who is not yet 3 years old;
• full-time students and graduate students;
• police, fire, customs or corrections officers.

Conscription in Belarus

Service in the army in Belarus is an obligation of citizens of the Republic of Belarus, which is established in order to create a regular army that provides protection for the Republic of Belarus. The draft age is 18-27 years. The service can be implemented as:

• military service by conscription - compulsory military service for men who are recognized as fit for its passage. Conscription military service is subdivided into fixed-term military service and military service of conscription officers;
• service in the reserve - a type of military service in which citizens subject to conscription undergo urgent military service in military units and other organizations Armed Forces or transport troops of the Republic of Belarus, in classes and training camps in order to receive military training.

Conscription in Kazakhstan

The conscription of citizens to the army of the Republic of Kazakhstan for military service is carried out twice a year for the period: from April to June and from October to December. Citizens aged 18 to 27 are subject to conscription for urgent military service.
Upon reaching the draft age, if there are no delays for good reasons, the conscript is handed a summons in his hands during the spring and autumn call. It will be necessary in without fail on the agenda to appear in the draft board. The service life is, as in Russia, 12 months, or a year.

Conscription in Ukraine

The draft age is 20-27 years. Conscripts who are 18 or 19 years old at the start of the recruitment campaign can also be called to the military registration and enlistment office for a medical examination, but they can start military service only if they express their personal consent. The terms for which young Ukrainians must go to the army are:

• 1.5 years - for guys who go to serve after school without a diploma of higher education;
• 1 year - for guys who managed to unlearn at the university and get a master's or specialist's degree.

Young citizens of the Russian Federation are recruited for military service twice a year - in the autumn and spring conscription. Consider the features of the autumn draft in 2020, including the terms of the draft and the term of service.

Fall recruitment dates

In matters related to the army and conscription into the army, such a concept as the terms of conscription is the cornerstone. And this is quite justified, because it is possible to conduct a medical examination at the military registration and enlistment office, to send a young man to a military unit only within these terms. A day later or a day earlier, such events/actions are illegal.

When does the fall 2020 military draft start?

Many adult young people are afraid of the start date of the autumn conscription campaign, for example, due to the fact that young men who did not enter the institute / university after school and did not apply for a deferment from the army for study should be called up precisely during this period, starting on this date. When does fall recruitment start in 2020? The beginning of the autumn conscription in Russia has remained unchanged, and will take place in the same way as in 2019, that is, on October 1. It is from this day until the end of the draft that the military commissariats have the right to conduct a medical commission, determine the suitability of young people for service, and send children to military units.

When does the fall recruitment end?

Everyone knows that on December 31, all citizens of the Russian Federation meet New Year- big celebration. And conscripts are looking forward to this day with special impatience. For young people of draft age, this day is a holiday for one more reason - the autumn draft of 2020 ends on this very day. Accordingly, if the young man was not drafted into the army before December 31, he can relax for several months - before the start of the next spring draft.

Exceptions to the terms of the autumn call

The regulatory documents of the Russian Federation provide for exceptions to the terms of the autumn conscription for certain groups of residents of our country. Let's see which citizens fall under these exceptions.

Firstly, these are people living in the territories of the Far North. The list of such territories is established by a special official document. For these citizens, the autumn conscription in 2020 begins a month later than in other regions of the Russian Federation, that is, on November 1, and ends the same way as in other regions of the Russian Federation.

Secondly, minor exceptions include young men living in villages, engaged in sowing or harvesting. But the fact of this participation must be officially confirmed, for example, in the form of an employment document (agreement / work book).

Thirdly, young teachers in connection with the beginning of the next school year are not subject to conscription in the autumn conscription campaign. These young men should appear at the draft board in May-June, when the spring conscription begins.

Fall conscription 2020, conscript service life

The service life of young people called up for the autumn draft in 2020 remains unchanged - 12 months(1 year), despite a lot of rumors on this subject (in particular, about an increase in service life to 1.8 years in 2020).

Innovations in the autumn call 2020

There will be no significant innovations in the autumn draft. As before, senior graduates of institutes/universities are being recruited into scientific companies. Getting into these companies is not so easy, since from experience we can say that they are invited to an interview in a completely random way. In total, 289 young people serve in these units in the Russian Federation (0.2% of all recruits). The competition is serious - about 25 people per place - however, service in a scientific company differs significantly from the "ordinary" conscription service.

Is it true that in the autumn draft of 2020 the term of service will be increased to 1.8 years?

Today there are many rumors about an increase in the term of service in the army in 2020 to 1 year and 8 months (1.8 years). There is also information about the service life of 18 months. Young people are looking for an official order that sets the term of service for conscripts at 1 year 8 months. At the same time, no one finds clearly conspicuous information about such an official document. Still, is it true service life will be 1.8 years or remain equal to 12 months. To deal with this issue, you need to understand the principles of action normative documents Russia.

The fact is that no official order can contradict federal law, and in the event of such a contradiction, the order is recognized as invalid. Firstly, there is no order on the term of service in the autumn draft of 2020. Secondly, the term of service in the army is established by the federal law regulating military service in the Russian Federation, namely Article 38, part 1, subparagraph “e”, which states that for young people drafted into the army in 2008 and later, the service life is 12 months (1 year). This period may be changed only in the event of an amendment in this the federal law. There will be no such amendments/changes in 2020, therefore, service life will not change.. Information about the service life of 1.8 years is false in relation to both the autumn and spring drafts.

We hope you have found the answer to the question of when the autumn conscription begins in 2020. We also considered the timing / innovations of the autumn draft, the term of service and exceptions for certain categories of Russians.

In pre-revolutionary Russia:

Until 1874, recruits (peasants and philistines) served in the army. At first, military service was indefinite; from 1793, the term of service was reduced to 25 years. Gradually, it decreased - and by the time military reform 1874 was already 7 years old.

After the reform, recruitment was replaced by universal military duty. The total service life in the ground forces was 15 years (directly in the service - 6 years, and the rest of the time - in reserve), the total service life in the fleet - 10 years (directly in the service - 7 years).

In 1906, the term of active soldier service was reduced to 3 years. Then, in August-December 1914, a general mobilization took place - in connection with the outbreak of the First World War.

After the revolution of 1917 and civil war a new army began to form in the new state.

IN THE USSR:

On the basis of various decrees and resolutions of the CEC, the term of service was changed several times, until the law on compulsory military service was passed in 1925.

In the ground forces until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War he was 2 years old. In aviation: from 1925 to 1928 - 3 years, from 1928 to 1939 - 2 years, from 1939 to 1941 - again 3 years. He also varied in the fleet. So, from 1924 to 1928, it was necessary to serve 4 years, from 1928 to 1939 - 3 years, from 1939 - 5 years.

After the Great Patriotic War (with the beginning of which mobilization was again carried out), a new law on universal military duty was adopted already in 1949. In accordance with it, men were called to ground troops and in aviation for 3 years, in the fleet - for 4 years.

In 1967, a new law on universal conscription was adopted, the service life was reduced and amounted to 2 years for those who were sent to the ground forces and aviation, and 3 years to the navy.

In modern Russia:

In 1993, the action was canceled normative act, which existed in the USSR - the law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service" came into force. Initially, the document reduced the service life to 18 months (i.e. 1.5 years), and in the fleet - to 2 years.

In 1996, in connection with the start of the Chechen campaign, a new law came into force, according to which the duration of service in the army and navy was equal - and amounted to 2 years.

In the early 2000s, preparations began in Russia for the separation of conscription and contract military service, and at the same time to reduce the conscription service from 2 years to 1 year. For the first time that the Russian leadership plans to reduce the term of military service on conscription, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced back in 2002.

The transition took place in stages: for example, young people who went into the army in the fall of 2007 had to serve 1.5 years. And since January 2008, the service life was 12 months - 1 year.

In November 2012, the media reported that the term of service in Russian army will be revised again. So, according to the chairman of the committee, Vladimir Komoyedov, the optimal length of service is one and a half years, and reducing the service to 1 year was a “political decision” and actually has a bad effect on the combat readiness of the army.

A source in the Kremlin almost immediately denied this, recalling the president's initiative to reduce the deadlines.