May 27 is the All-Russian Day of Libraries. This holiday was established by Presidential Decree Russian Federation dated July 27, 1995 and timed to coincide with significant date: on this day in 1795, the first public library was opened in Russia - now the Russian National Library. Today the Russian National Library is one of the largest libraries in the world.
Russian National Library
The Russian National Library (RNL) is one of the first public libraries in Eastern Europe. Located in St. Petersburg. The Russian National Library belongs to the greatest treasures of cultural and historical heritage countries. One of the largest libraries in the world, it has the most full assembly publications in Russian. The Library collections also contain literature in many languages of the world on the leading branches of science and technology. Particular attention is traditionally paid to the formation of funds of documents about Russia and in the languages of the peoples of Russia, published outside of it.
The Russian National Library traces its history back to the Imperial Public Library, which was founded on May 16 (27), 1795 by the highest order of Empress Catherine II. The project for the construction of the building was carried out by the architect Yegor Sokolov. The library was conceived not only as a book depository, but as a public "source of public education." It was planned to collect all the books printed in Russia, published abroad in Russian, as well as books about Russia in foreign languages. Empress Catherine personally supervised the construction of the library and took part in the collection of books for the library fund.
The opening of the Imperial Public Library took place on January 2 (14), 1814. The library was open to everyone, regardless of social status.
When organizing the library, the goal was to provide access to books to all literate people of the state striving for European education. The library collections were multilingual and universal. Initially, the library fund consisted of about 2 thousand books in Russian and many European languages. The priority right to use the library was assigned to academicians, but others educated people could visit her. Moreover, such a regime of access to the Library was maintained until the 70s of the XVIII century.
Since 1783, after the decree of Catherine II on Free Printing Houses, a decree was adopted on the delivery of a legal copy of all printed products of Russia to the library.
In its history, the BAN has experienced periods of upsurge associated with an increase in interest in scientific research, with an increase in the prestige of education and scientific activity, as well as periods of "non-existence". The periods of rise include the initial period of its formation, when for a century (up to early XIX century), fulfilling the will of Peter I and following his traditions, the BAN developed dynamically, performing the functions of the first national Russian library. At that time, books from the personal collection of Peter the Great and books from the Kremlin's royal library were transferred to the funds. In the 90s of the XVIII century, the Library had 40 thousand volumes of books and manuscripts, in 1836 - 90 thousand, in 1848 - 112,753, in 1862 - 243,109. 5 million volumes.
At the beginning of the 20th century, literature came to the Library from institutions that were in charge of censorship. All government agencies, universities, other educational establishments, scientific organizations and societies. During these years, the Library was intensively replenished with literature that reflected the social and political struggle in the country. A lot of revolutionary literature came from abroad through the Foss firm, as well as from emigrants, public organizations and individuals.
Since 1932, the library network of the Academy of Sciences included the libraries of its peripheral bases and branches in the European part of the country, Siberia and Far East. In the 1940s and 1950s, the Library received a number of valuable collections and private collections.
Today the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences is the All-Russian State Repository of a Universal Profile. By the size and value of its collections, it is among the largest universal scientific libraries in the world.
Unified library fund of the Library system Russian Academy sciences includes the fund of the central library, universal in content, which contains more than 20.5 million copies of books and branch funds of special libraries. The book fund in the departments and sectors of the BAN at the St. Petersburg institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences exceeds 6 million copies. 40% of the publications of the unified fund of the BAN are foreign publications. The BAN fund contains 9.5 million books, about 9 million magazines, over 26 thousand newspaper titles; fund of rare editions - about 250 thousand items and 18.5 thousand manuscripts. Annual receipts - more than 200 thousand copies, including about 50 thousand copies of foreign publications. The main sources of literature are since 1783 free legal deposit, subscription to publications through agencies, purchases through the bookselling network and publishing organizations, and book exchange.
US Library of Congress
The largest university library system in the world and the oldest in America was founded in 1638 . Founded by an English colony, the college received half of his fortune and a personal library under the will of John Harvard. A year later, the college was named after the donor. Of the 400 volumes of his library, only one book, The Christian War Against the Devil, the World and the Flesh, has survived to this day. Almost the entire collection burned down during the fire of 1764, which destroyed almost the entire library of the college, which by that time numbered about 5 thousand volumes. Only 404 books survived. However, donations and gifts helped to quickly restore and increase the size of the fund.
During the 19th century, a branched structure of the university's libraries developed. Consistently in 1817, 1819, 1826, the libraries of the law, medical and theological schools were opened. By 1900, there were already 37 of them. At present, the system of university libraries includes 94 independent institutions. It also includes the university archive and depository. The total library collection is more than 16 million titles and is the second largest in the country after the Library of Congress.
The largest is the library of Harvard College, named after the graduate of 1907, Harry Widener, who drowned during the sinking of the Titanic. Harry Widener's mother immortalized her son's memory with the construction of this monumental building.
The Weidner Library houses collections of Slavic literature, literature of the Middle East, collections in Hebrew and Hebrew: these funds number 5 million publications. Library rare books is the holder of several million manuscripts and about half a million printed publications.
Among the latter are about three thousand incunabula (books published in Europe from the beginning of printing to January 1, 1501), an extensive collection of European books of the 16th and 17th centuries.
German National Library for Economics
The German Central Library for Economics (ZBW) in Kiel is the world's largest economics library.
Since joining the library of the Hamburg Archive of the World Economy in January 2007, it has a collection of approximately 4 million items, including extensive collections of working papers, statistical publications, dissertations and conference proceedings, as well as over 25,000 print and electronic journal subscriptions. Thematic priorities are the national economy, economics and organization of production, economic practice. Based on these funds, the ECONIS online catalog is compiled, which includes 3.4 million titles; the directory also contains links to magazine and book articles. Collections are made available to users worldwide through national and international interlibrary loans and e-delivery services. Additional library services include the EconBiz Virtual Economics Library and EconDesk Online Help.
National Library of China
The National Library of China was founded as the Beijing Capital Library in 1909 in agreement with the throne and government of China's last Qing Dynasty. After the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, it was transferred to the Ministry of Education and opened to visitors in August 1912. In 1916, it was entrusted with the functions of the main library of the country. By the time of the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (1949), the library held 1.4 million documents.
Today, the collection of the National Library of China has over 26 million books and is growing by 600,000-700,000 titles annually. Among them are unique ancient inscriptions on animal bones and tortoise shells from the Shang Dynasty (XVI-XI century BC). The special fund of the library is 1 million rare books, ancient atlases, works of literature in the language of national minorities of China, manuscripts famous people, historical documents.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
Since 1995, on May 27, the All-Russian Day of Libraries and Their Workers has been held in our country. However, not only we have such holidays, because the famous book depositories are valued all over the world. This date was not chosen by chance, but is tied to the foundation in 1795 of the first state public library in Russia.
This library, which has now become the Russian National Library, is known to each of our compatriots, but we do not know much about the main libraries in other countries.
Meet the world's top ten libraries known for their size, age, artistic value and unique architecture.
Russian State Library (former Lenin Library) in Moscow
In 2008, the Russians celebrated the 180th anniversary of the main library of the country, created on the basis of the Rumyantsev Museum. More than forty million books, manuscripts, magazines stored in it make Leninka one of the largest in the world.
New York Public Library
The famous library-museum, which stores within its walls forty million scientific works and more than fifteen million art books, also owns a unique collection of paintings and engravings donated to the library by the authors themselves and private owners.
Philadelphia Public Library
The library, which has 55 branches throughout the country and contains more than five million books, was opened in late XIX century under the motto "the common library should be accessible to all" and became the first of the free ones.
National Library in Paris
Founded in 1480, this library is one of the oldest in the world. Its peculiarity also lies in the fact that only a person with higher education who received the recommendation of his supervisor. Together with the Sorbonne Library, it catalogs all printed publications in France.
National Library in Belarus
The famous giant diamond, which attracts millions of tourists, is located in the east of Minsk. Its glass edges, dull gray during the day and shimmering with a thousand lights at night, hide more than thirteen million books on a variety of media. And on the roof of this library are located viewpoint and cafes, making it interesting for people who are far from literature.
Cambridge University Library
The papers of Isaac Newton, the Gutenberg Bible, Darwin's letters, the archives of the Royal Observatory of Greenwich and seven million other books are contained in this library, the first mention of which dates back to 1416. Perhaps, such a number of unique works cannot be found in almost any world collection.
Royal Danish Library
Fans of Hans Christian Andersen treat the Danish library with particular trepidation, because it is in it that all his manuscripts are stored. And there is also a repository for several million books, a giant concert hall, which hosts performances by famous orchestras, there are also six reading rooms, a huge bookstore and even a restaurant.
Fisher Library in Sydney
The largest collection of books in the Southern Hemisphere is stored in the Fisher Library at the University of Sydney. In addition, its building can please connoisseurs of unusual architecture, as it was created from two unusually combined parts.
Vatican Library
Founded in the 15th century by Pope Nicholas V, it was replenished by the rulers of the Vatican century after century. It is worth noting that it contains not only religious literature (although, of course, the majority of it), but also works of art. This is due to the fact that many popes were great connoisseurs of the work of their contemporaries and replenished the library collection with everything they considered worthy.
Laurenzian Library in Florence
Built during the Renaissance and designed by Michelangelo Buonarroti, the Florentine Library became famous not only for its paintings, books and manuscripts, but also for its unique design and luxurious finishes. The exterior of this temple of knowledge draws tourists and photographers alike to capture its subtle beauty and grace.
Impressed? Well, if you yourself want to touch the reasonable, kind, eternal, book rooms and hit the road - to see with your own eyes a miracle of miracles is not so difficult.
23.03.2013
Large Libraries. Library comes from the French word Librarie and the Latin word Liber which means books. For many centuries before the advent of modern gadgets, people received various information of interest from libraries. Now, information can be obtained in sufficient volume from various sources, including the Internet, libraries have become less popular, but true connoisseurs of books and useful, historical information will still go to the library rather than read from the monitor. Large major libraries they preserve simply a huge number of books, both modern and very ancient. it top 10 rating the biggest libraries in the world, which keep within their walls a huge number of books and historical documents.
10. Library of the Institute of Scientific Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Moscow, 14.2 million items)
It has the status of a federal library. Designed for library-information and reference-bibliographic services for scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, others scientific institutions, teachers high school, graduate students and graduate students. The repository contains materials on various scientific disciplines, the largest collection of books on Slavic languages, collections of documents of the League of Nations, other international organizations, parliamentary reports of the USA, England, Italy and other countries. Conducts an international book exchange with 874 partners in 69 countries.
9. Harvard University Library
(Cambridge, 16 million items)
Created in 1638. The main goal is to support scientific research and organize student learning. The largest academic library in the United States. In addition to the central book collection, it has separate branches: a library of rare books and manuscripts, a medical library, and a Chinese-Japanese library. It finances multiple scientific projects, mainly for teachers and students of the university.
8. German National Library
(Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Berlin, over 25 million items)
This a big library founded in 1912 by the Kingdom of Saxony, Leipzig as the venue for the annual book fair, and an association of German booksellers. The main task of this institution is the collection, archiving and storage of all available materials on German from around the world. Plays an important role in the development of international library standards. The annual budget is 42.2 million euros. The most high tech storage of printed materials. It features a wide variety of collection items. The Berlin branch specializes in collecting music. The reading rooms are open to the public.
7. Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(St. Petersburg, over 26 million items)
Founded by decree of Peter I in 1714. The first public public library in Russia. The fund was based on the collections of the Kremlin Tsar's Library in Moscow, the personal collections of Peter I, the libraries of the Dukes of Holstein and Courland, and gifts from the Tsar's associates. Was and is the initiator of various scientific expeditions. Here are stored such valuable manuscripts as the Ipatiev and Radziwill chronicles. Huge damage to the library was caused by a fire in 1988. More than 400 thousand books were lost. In the first 10 years after the fire, only about 900 volumes were restored.
6. National Library and Archives of Canada
(Ottawa, over 26 million items)
major library created by the Parliament of Canada in 2004. We accept for storage, first of all, materials related to history, culture, social and political life countries. In addition to traditional materials, it contains indigenous magazines, scrapbooks, architectural sketches, comic book magazines, trade catalogs. Known for her collection of musical scores and sound recordings. The Library Director holds the rank of Deputy Minister and holds the title of Librarian and Archivist of Canada. The library building is recognized as a historical heritage.
5. National Library of China
(Beijing, over 27.8 million items)
Founded by the Qing Dynasty in 1909. It is the main library of the People's Republic of China and the largest library in Asia. It is located in three buildings with a total area of 250 thousand sq.m. Geographically divided into "North part of the National Library of China" and "South part of the National Library of China". It is the repository of a large number Chinese books in the world and the largest number of foreign publications in the country.
4. Russian State Library
(Moscow, over 44 million items)
Year of foundation - 1862. largest public library countries. It is the place of storage of obligatory copies of printed materials. Headquarters of the Library Assembly of Eurasia. In addition to the general fund, it has many specialized collections. Unique specimens: the Arkhangelsk Gospel, the Gospel of Khitrovo, editions of the Slavic first printers, collections of incunabula and paleotypes, the first editions of Russian classics. The annual budget is 1.64 million rubles. It is open to visitors, including foreign citizens.
3. New York Public Library
(New York, 53 million units)
The large library was founded in 1895. Private non-profit organization with a public mission. Attracts both private and public funding. It has branches in Manhattan, the Bronx and Staten Island. Central Fund - Library of the Humanities and social sciences. In addition, it includes the Library of Science, Industry and Business, the Library of the Performing Arts, the Center for African American Studies and Culture, the Library of People with handicapped and others. It serves about 18 million visitors annually.
2. British Library
(London, 150 million items)
Created by the British Parliament in 1972. The rich collection of the library is constantly growing, as it is automatically replenished with each copy of printed matter published in the country. In terms of the number of storage units, it is second only to the US Library of Congress. It has such unique copies as: Buddhist manuscripts from Dunhuang, the Lindisfar Gospel, the only manuscript of the Beowulf epic in the world, the manuscripts of Leonardo da Vinci, the Codex Sinaiticus, the first printed map of the New World and many others. Serves up to 16 thousand people a day.
1. Library of Congress
(Washington, over 155 million items)
Holds rank the largest library peace. This scientific library is intended for government and scientific organizations, research centers, private firms, industrial companies, schools. Founded April 24, 1800 by US President John Adams. Initially, only the president, vice president, members of the US Senate and the House of Representatives (Congress) could access the funds, hence the name of the library. Funds are universal. The materials on law, history, politics, natural and technical sciences and reference literature. Contains over 30 million books and other printed materials in over 470 languages, 58 million manuscripts, 4.8 million maps, 12 million photographs. James Billington has been the library director since 1987. Currently, access to the vaults has been expanded, but still has serious limitations.
However, in addition to large libraries and very .
03/14/2018 at 17:06 · Johnny · 700
10 biggest libraries in the world
The following list of 10 positions includes the largest libraries in the world. The largest repositories of books have at their disposal millions of paper editions, both in native and foreign languages. In addition to printed publications, these world book giants also have electronic media. The determining criterion for the scale of the book depositories was the size of the fund, which is at their disposal.
10. National Library of France
National Library of France(Paris) opens the ranking of the largest book depositories in the world, which contains the richest collection of literature on French. It is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, which for a long time was at the personal disposal of the rulers of France. Its foundation took place in the 14th century by Charles 5 the Wise. Currently, the reading room includes six buildings, and its book fund is 31 million items. About 1.5 million people visit this place every year.
9. National Library of China
National Library of China(Beijing) ranks ninth on the list. The Beijing Reading Room was opened at the beginning of the last century and was known as the Library of the Capital Teachers' Chambers. Modern name the book depository received closer to the beginning of our century. The area occupied by the institution is 170 thousand square meters. The library has the richest collection of rare books, which are not found anywhere else in the world. The book depository is located in three buildings. The fund of the institution has more than 31 million items. More than 5 million people visit the reading room every year.
8. Royal Danish Library
Royal Danish Library(Copenhagen) is the largest reading room in Scandinavia, one of the ten leaders in the world in terms of the number of books and other publications stored in it in print and electronic form. This book depository takes its history from the middle of the 17th century, the general access to which appeared only at the end of the 18th century. Currently, the institution includes several buildings, the main of which is located on the island of Slotsholmen. Over 33 million positions are stored here. More than a million readers visit the walls of the reading room every year.
7. National Parliamentary Library
National Diet Library(Tokyo) is located on the seventh honorable line. The reading room was founded in the middle of the last century. Includes two largest branches, which are located in Tokyo and Kyoto. There are about 30 smaller subsidiaries. The library collects all books printed in Japan. The collection of the book depository contains books not only in Japanese but also in other languages. Eight collections are considered especially important, including foreign books about Japan, ancient publications, etc. The reading room's fund exceeds 35 million items.
6. Russian National Library
Russian National Library(St. Petersburg) is located on the sixth position of the library top. unofficial name book depository, which was given to him by the people of St. Petersburg - "Publicka". The library is recognized as a particularly valuable object of national heritage, which contains the largest collection of books in Russian. It was founded in 1814. Currently, in addition to the main building, "Publichka" includes six branches, which act as a repository of unique editions and ancient handwritten books. The national treasure has a fund of about 37 million units. About a million people visit the reading room every year.
5. Russian State Library
Russian State Library(Moscow) is located in the middle of the ranking of the largest book depositories in the world. It was founded in the middle of the 19th century and is located in the historic area called Old Vagankovo. The institution includes a complex of buildings, the main of which is a nineteen-storey book depository. Its total area is 85 thousand square meters. To withstand the entire weight of the books, the building is helped by a lattice grid laid between the tiers. The number of seats in the reading room is more than 1700, and the volume of the fund is close to 47 million items.
4. Library and Archives of Canada
Library and Archives Canada(Ottawa) are responsible for the collection and preservation of Canada's documentary heritage. The materials that are in the fund of the institution come from others public institutions, national communities and private donors. Most of the library's collection consists of materials that are directly related to the history and culture of the country. In addition to artistic and historical literature, in the book depository there are artifacts, architectural sketches, works of art, etc. The fund of the institution is approximately 48 million items.
3. New York Public Library
New York Public Library(New York) opens the top three largest book depositories in the world. It is a private non-profit organization that is on private and public financial support. The institution has several branches located in Manhattan, Staten Island and the Bronx. In total, the library has more than 80 departments. The total library fund includes over 50 million items, of which almost half are books. About 18 million people visit the walls of this reading room every year.
2. British Library
british library(London) is second in the top three. It was founded in the 70s of the 20th century. The institution is funded by the UK government. The library includes three branches located in different parts of London. All residents of London over the age of 18 have the right to visit with a library card. The reading room fund today is about 150 million units.
1. Library of Congress
Library of Congress(Washington) - the largest library in the world that provides services like regular school, and more global institutions involved in scientific, political and research activities. It was founded at the very beginning of the 19th century, when the reins of the United States of America belonged to John Adams, who allocated the first funds for the development of the institution. The initial fund was just over seven hundred books, which began to gradually increase. However, during the hostilities in Washington, the library was completely destroyed. The restoration of the library began at the behest of the next president, Thomas Jefferson, who sold his personal collection of more than 6,000 volumes per different languages. At present, the library's fund is 155 million items, and it itself occupies three buildings located on Capitol Hill.
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Imagine that you need to prepare an interesting presentation or you need to write a report for a seminar on the latest advances in science and technology. Perhaps you do not leave the desire to read the ancient manuscripts? In any case, you will contact the library.
Here, long-term funds contain not only books, manuscripts, but also various paintings, microfilms, transparencies, audio and video cassettes. Also, various electronic media are becoming more and more widespread.
The largest libraries in the world are located in the USA. However, it is nice to realize that Ukraine has something to be proud of! The largest libraries in the world are provided to your attention. Despite the development e-books, hundreds and thousands of visitors come to these book temples every day.
Library of Congress, Washington, USA. One of the largest libraries in the world over its two hundred year history suffered two devastating fires, but each time it was restored, and the remnants of the library stock were replenished. There are 740 books in total and only three geographic Maps America - that's the entire original collection of the Library of Congress.
To date, the US National Library contains a huge fund - 33.5 million books, photographs, maps, manuscripts and records in more than 460 languages of the world. The library building is one of the oldest public institutions in the United States. The Citadel of Knowledge is a complex of three very large buildings. Resembling a castle, the largest library in the world is difficult to get around on your own in one day.
Apparently, this is why visitors are offered free walking tours of the library. In just one hour, you can learn a lot of interesting things about the history of the building and the work of the National Library. Moreover, there is also a shop where you can find various books, gifts and souvenirs.
Library Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. To date, the library of Harvard University consists of many structural units. In total, there are more than eighty centers of various directions. These are the libraries of Yale Research Centers, colleges, museums such as the Loeb Music Library or the Oak Ames Orchid Library. The funds of these libraries are formed in accordance with the profile of each department. But still the library is united - it is managed by only one director. It is he who controls all the services that work on common projects for all local centers.
In total, the library fund has more than 16 million printed publications. In addition to specialized literature, the library contains many ancient manuscripts. This collection includes several million copies. Numerous European editions of the 16th-17th centuries are also collected there. However, access to the library is strictly limited. Are you not a student at Harvard or a university staff? Nothing, because you still have the opportunity to work with the library archive. How? Everything is simple - through the Internet.
Boston Public Library, Boston, USA. Boston is a paradise for students. It is here that the most extensive library network is located. Only two buildings are assigned to the central library. However, there are more than 25 branches. Each year, the library has an average of 50 different programs and hosts about 150 exhibitions. So the library gives the public the opportunity to view books and documents that are usually only available for research by scientists.
The Boston Public Library is one of the largest public libraries in the United States. Above the main entrance is the inscription: "Free for all." This library was the first where books and other materials were allowed to be taken home. The institution contains over 15 million volumes. In 1986, the library building was designated a National Historic Landmark, one of America's finest examples of neo-Renaissance architecture. Inside the building are beautiful frescoes, collections of rare books and manuscripts, maps and engravings. The library can also please with a developed infrastructure, represented by a restaurant and a cafe, a quiet courtyard, and several conveniently and easily accessible Wi-Fi points at once.
British Library, London, UK. The British Library emerged from the merger of the British Museum's library and a number of smaller collections in 1972. Since the time of King George II, she has held the legal deposit of all books published within the UK. The library collection has more than 150 million items, including 310 thousand volumes of manuscripts, 60 million patents, more than 4 million maps, over 260 thousand journals, etc.
Every year, about 3 million new items are added to the archive of the world's largest library. The entire fund requires more than 625 kilometers of shelves with an increase of 12 kilometers per year. The total area of the library is more than 112 thousand square meters. The building has 14 floors, 5 of which are underground. The British Library serves business and industry, researchers, academics and students in the UK and around the world. More than 16,000 people visit the library every day, many of them working with materials using the Internet.
Yale University Library, New Haven, USA. The Yale University Library is one of the leading in the world. It conducts various researches, replenishes and stores its funds and, of course, provides access to unique sources of human thought and creativity. This institution supports teaching and Scientific research Yale University, as well as the scientific community around the world.
A distinctive feature of the library is a large amount of resources. We are talking about about 13 million volumes, ranging from ancient papyri to electronic databases. The library occupies 22 rooms and has a large staff - over 600 employees. The pride of the university library is the Yale Center for British Art, which presents a collection of various paintings, sculptures, drawings, and rare books. The Yale Collection of Babylonian Art, one of the five largest in the world, is also located there.
New York Public Library, New York, USA. The New York Public Library was established in 1884. Today it includes 87 subdivisions (including 77 regional branches). Four research libraries do not allow lending of books and materials at home. Subscription issuance is carried out in four other main centers. Among the departments there is also a library for people with disabilities.
Today, the New York Library is one of the most extensive libraries in the world. More than 16 million readers are served here every year. Access to library collections is free for everyone. In total, the archives of the New York Public Library contain more than 50 million items. Over 20 million units are books, while the remaining 30 million are audio recordings, maps, paintings and drawings, films and newspaper clippings in dozens of languages. About 44.5 million items of the library fund are in the main collection and 8.7 million in the branches. Every day the archives are replenished with 10 thousand new titles.
Interesting fact: The New York Public Library maintains a special unit - the library police. The tasks of special patrol officers include maintaining order and ensuring security. Moreover, these individuals are allowed to arrest violators. But, at the same time, some branches of the library use the services of various security agencies to ensure proper security.
National Library. Vernadsky, Kyiv, Ukraine. The Vernadsky National Library is the main scientific and information center of Ukraine. It was founded in 1918. In those calm years, the country found an opportunity to think about the collection and preservation of data. The library collections here are more than 15 million items. The information resources of the library are used by about 500 thousand readers a year. Also, up to 5 million documents are issued annually for personal use.
The institution contains a large staff - more than 900 employees. The National Library carries out book exchange with similar organizations in 80 countries of the world and with 1.5 thousand scientific institutions. The local archives hold the largest collection Slavic writing and Jewish folklore. This is a unique collection. Since 1964, at the initiative of the UN, the National Library has been the custodian of UN documents and materials in Ukraine in Russian and English.
German Library, Berlin, Frankfurt, Leipzig, Germany. The National Library of Germany is the central archive and national center for the study of writing in this country. It appeared as a result of the unification of the libraries of Frankfurt and Leipzig, once central in West and East Germany. After the fall Berlin Wall, the largest German book archives were also connected to the music archive in Berlin.
The main task of the unique library is to collect, process and store various documents and publications in German from all over the world. The processing of the accumulated archives began in 1913. The library contains local publications, foreign articles about Germany, translations of German works, as well as works by emigrants who left the country, dated from the period 1933-1945. Currently, all three library branches hold more than 24 million items (Leipzig 14.3 million, Frankfurt am Main 8.3 million and Berlin 1.5 million items).
Canadian Library and Archives, Ottawa, Canada. The Canadian Library and Archives collects and preserves cultural heritage Canada. We are talking about texts, images related to the history, culture and politics of the country. Various materials enter the library and archive from government agencies, private donors, and also through the legal deposit system. The director of the institution is far from the last person for his country. He holds the rank of Deputy Minister and holds the title of Librarian and Archivist of Canada.
About 350,000 works of art are stored in the library and archive. This includes 16th-century paintings, drawings, 21.3 million photographs and over 71,000 hours of full-length and short films since 1897. Moreover, the library collection contains electronic database over 3.18 million megabytes of data and the largest collection of Canadian folk music.
National Library of China, Beijing. The National Library of China has many statuses, among them - Scientific Library, the National Bibliographic Center, the National Center for the Network of Library Information and Scientific and Technical Libraries and the Development Center.
The library covers an area of about 170,000 square meters and has not only the largest collection of Chinese books in the world, but also the largest collection of foreign language materials in the country. Its collection includes more than 270,000 volumes of rare books, as well as 1.6 million volumes of ancient books and manuscripts, 35,000 pieces of manuscripts, and bones with inscriptions.
Today the library occupies three buildings. The main building was completed in 1987. The oldest building built in 1931, it used to be the main building of the library. And today there is a repository of rare books. The third building was opened in 2008, located to the north of the main building. It can accommodate up to 8 thousand visitors at the same time. Library all year round open to the public, and with the help of the Internet, the library's resources are available 24 hours a day.
