The aspect ratio of the photographs applied in this after I spied on huan_carlos . By the way, I highly recommend his magazine!

1. I started my tour of the capital of Finland right from the Central Station, where I arrived by express from. Local trains stood in the distance.

2. And on the next path stood the Swiss train Stadler, familiar from the Belarusian piece of iron, in Finland called Sm5.

3. "Old men" Sm1-6024 (left) and Sm2-6094 (right).

4. Under the glass ceiling at the dead end stood one of the express trains with double-decker cars, on the same one I arrived in Helsinki.

5. I go out to the Railway Station Square. The façade of the Finnish National Theatre, in front of which there is a monument to the poet Alexis Kivi, looks out here.

6. In the distance, the bulk of the shopping center and the hotel "Sokos".

7. Tram plexus.

8. The Helsinki tram runs so smoothly and quietly that it has earned the ominous nickname "silent killer".

9. Close as a gorge, densely built-up street in St. Petersburg is called Aleksanterinkatu in honor of Emperor Alexander I, under whom in 1809 Finland was annexed to Russia, having received significant autonomy and retained the constitution.

10. I recognized the house of the Pohjola insurance company as the most beautiful of the buildings I met on the street.

11. This is a magnificent example of Northern Art Nouveau with stunning sculptures on the facade.

12. The streets are straight, visible to the full length. The strange sculpture on the left is not a whale's vertebra, as it might seem, but a stylized rooster - a symbol of the Faser company, whose cafe is located there. A little further you can see a monument to the poet Johan Ludwig Runeberg.

13. At the entrance to shopping center"Kluuvi" and even inside, between the shops, there is a lot of old equipment: tractors, minibuses.

14. Alexandrovskaya street spills over Senate Square- the main one in Finland. The Cathedral is seen in all its splendor. Previously, it was also called Nikolsky in honor of the patron saint of sailors - St. Nicholas. At the time of the construction of the temple, the emperor was Nicholas I, he ordered to put on the roof of the cathedral the figures of the twelve apostles, following the example of St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

15. In the very center main square country erected a monument to the Russian Tsar Alexander II. Its pedestal is surrounded by four figures, symbolizing Law, Peace, Light and Labor.

16. In 1863, Alexander I granted autonomy to the Finns, which had no precedent in Europe in the 19th century.

17. Just one block from the Senate is the Market Square, where the waves of the port harbor are already splashing. On a short journey here, I have already come across three references to Russian emperors. And here, among the sailboats, the schooner "Nicholas II" is moored to the shore. This is the oldest ship in Helsinki that still goes to sea. It was built in 1903 and has now been converted into a floating restaurant with 75 seats.

18. The ubiquitous gulls roam the cobblestones of the pier, but these are not the only birds here.

19. In the very center of the Market Square, a double-headed eagle gazes from a high obelisk. Initially, this monument was dedicated to the visit of Helsingfors by the royal couple - Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, which is why it is called the Stele of the Empress. In 1917, Russian sailors destroyed the monument, but the Finns kept the eagle and put it back in 1971. Here is such an amazing love for the metropolis.

20. From the Stele of the Empress, the Orthodox Assumption Cathedral, built in 1868 on a rocky ledge, is perfectly visible.

21. If you stand with your back to the crowded square, you can watch for a long time how the masts of romantic sailboats sway smoothly in the clear sky.

22.

23. Unfortunately, all these ships are only dressed up as antiques. Sailing schooner Linden was built in 1992 on the Aland Islands.

24. The harbor near the Market Square, in which sailboats are moored, is called the Cholera Pool. In 1893, a captain who sailed to the autumn fish fair to sell the caught herring died of cholera. As a result, the cholera bacillus got into the water, and the market guards had to watch vigilantly so that the ships did not enter the harbor, and the inhabitants did not use the contaminated water.

25. On the opposite side of the Market Square, a unique military steamship-lighthouse, built in 1912 in St. Petersburg, is moored. Now it is decommissioned, sold to a private owner and converted into a restaurant.

26. In the distance, at the passenger terminal of Katajanokka, there are huge cruise ferries. In the foreground is the Mariella, built in 1985 in Turku, now plying on the route Helsinki-Stockholm-Tallinn-St. Petersburg. Behind the "Viking" built in 2008, which went on a flight to Tallinn.

27. Two ferries take turns going to the Suomenlinna Islands. I had to sail there on the Thor. The bottom of the ship has a special shape that allows it to break the ice on its way in winter.

28. On the second ferry, "Suokki", I was returning back. This is a much larger ship, capable of transporting two more cars in addition to people, but it is not able to overcome ice jams. Comparing the appearance of the ships, it is hard to believe that the Thor was built in 1992, and the Suokki was built in 1952!

29. The most picturesque of the islands on the way to Suomenlinna is Ryussjansaari. On an almost bare rock there is a house and a couple of neat sheds, there is electricity supplied through an underwater cable. The name of the island can be translated as Russian, but to designate Russians in Finnish there is another word - "venyayalainen", and "ryussya" has a negative connotation. Therefore, it would be more correct to call it "the island of Muscovites." Behind Ryussjansaari you can see the island of Pikku Musta, which is part of the Sveaborg fortress, where we will go next time.

Helsingfors I

(Helsingfors, Helsinki in Finnish) - main city of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the provincial city of the Nyland province, the administrative, scientific and industrial center of the country. Founded by King Gustav Vasa in 1550, at the mouth of the Wanda River, 6 versts from present-day Gammelstad. It was moved to its current location in the first half of the 17th century. It developed slowly in the 18th century. suffered a lot from the attacks of Russian troops. In 1712 a part of the Russian fleet shelled G.; in 1713 it was occupied by the Russians, and the Swedes, retreating, set fire to the city, which burned down almost to the ground. In 1721 G. again passed into the power of the Swedes and the returning residents had to first live in barracks built by Russian troops. In 1741, Russian troops again occupied G. and stayed here for two years. Since that time, the Swedish government began to actively take care of the strengthening of G. The fortress of Sveaborg was built on the group of islands Vargsheren (Wargskären). As early as the middle of the 18th century there were only about 2,000 inhabitants in G., and city merchants had only one ship. In 1788 G. was temporarily occupied by Russian troops. The rapid development of Georgia began with the annexation of Finland to Russia. In 1819, Emperor Alexander I made it the capital of Finland, transferring here from Abo the residence of the governor-general and the senate. Emperor Nicholas I moved here after the Abo fire and the university. G. lies at the southern end of the peninsula, between the Gulf of Kronbergsfjerden in the east and the bays of Bredviken and Huplaks-viken in the west. Kronberg Bay, closed to the south by a group of islands on which Sveaborg is built, is an excellent vast harbor, which is divided into two parts by the Skattudden peninsula : north and south. In the northernmost part of the bay lies the town of Sornäs, where a branch railway and where ships can be conveniently loaded and unloaded. On the back on the side of G. is its third harbor, Sandviksgamn. The harbors are equipped with granite embankments. Around south. the harbor is a trading square, serving as a market; here is the imperial palace with a beautiful throne room and several paintings by famous Finnish artists, as well as a granite monument in memory of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna's visit to G.. The best street in the city is the Esplanade, with a monument to Runeberg and theaters, Swedish and Finnish (there is also a Russian theater in G.); knight's house, where during the Diet they sit nobility and the clergy; Lutheran Church of St. Nicholas on a fairly high rock dominating the city, the town hall (Rådhuset), where sometimes the estate of the townspeople sits during the Diet; student house (see Helsingfors University); Sejm building; Ateneum, where the drawing and craft schools are located; astronomical observatory. On the Skattuden peninsula there is an Orthodox Church of the Assumption, a mint, a prison. In total there are 3 Swedish and Finnish churches, 2 Orthodox, 1 Catholic, 1 German Lutheran, 1 Jewish synagogue in G. Kaisaniemi and Ulrikasborg (or Brunnspark) parks, with numerous cottages and a bathing establishment. Botanical Garden; built by Alli Trygg, a folk teacher known throughout the Scandinavian world, "House for the People", where nurseries for babies of workers are placed, Kindergarten, a hall for folk readings and concerts, a library for the people, a laundry and a consumer association shop. Inhabitants in G., with Sveaborg, about 65 thousand (not counting the Russian troops). In 1881 about 55% of the population spoke Swedish and about 36% Finnish; the rest of the inhabitants are predominantly Russians (mainly military men and merchants) and Germans. The vast majority of the population are Protestants. Of the educational institutions in Georgia, in addition to Alexander University (see Helsingfors University), the polytechnic school, which consists of departments of engineering, machine building, architecture, land surveying, and chemical technology; classical Swedish normal high school, classical Finnish high school, Swedish real high school, several private high schools, Swedish real school; women's secondary educational institutions: state - 2 Swedish and 2 Finnish, private - 4 Swedish, 1 Finnish and 1 Swedish-German; maritime school, commercial institute, industrial school (Swedish-Finnish), craft school (also); folk and Sunday schools. Of the Russian educational institutions - the Alexander Classical Gymnasium, the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium, a public school and a kindergarten. Branch of the Finnish Bible Society; Finnish scientific society with the mathematical-physical, natural-historical and historical-philological sections and the central meteorological institution; Society for the Study of Finnish Fauna and Flora; Finnish Historical Society; Finnish Geography Society; Finnish-Ugric society; Finnish Society of Physicians; Society of the Twelve (med.); Finnish Literary Society; Swedish Literary Society; Society for the Education of the People; the Finnish Art Society, whose collections are housed in the Ateneum; Law Society; Pedagogical Society; Society for the Promotion of Crafts in Finland, with a central school; Finnish Society for the Preservation of Ancient Monuments; Finnish Forestry Society; Geographic Society, Prison Society; Temperance Society; Finnish Missionary Society; Finnish Publishing Society. Collection of Society Paintings to Promote Crafts; Signeus Gallery. There are seven credit institutions, apart from the Finnish State Bank, and five insurance institutions. Newspapers: "Nya Pressen", "Dagblad", "Finnland", "Uusi Suometar", "Hufwudstadsbladet", "Valvoia" magazine and two humorous leaflets. An extensive hospital, with which university clinics are connected (expenses for its maintenance in 1889 = 469,162 marks); Russian military hospital; sea ​​bathing in Brunnspark, Tele and Sandviken; asylum for the mentally ill, school for the blind. G.'s income in 1889 was 2,702,989, expenses 2,901,549 marks: expenses for administration and public security amounted to 478,136 marks, for educational establishments 319,834 marks, 41,027 marks for the sanitary unit, 248,133 marks for quartering troops, 65,385 marks for the maintenance of the fire brigade, and 123,316 marks for the maintenance of the poor. G.'s debt by 1889 - 3169561 marks. G. is supplied with water from the Wanda River; 6 versts from the city near the waterfall, turbines were built that raise water into reservoirs for filtering, from here it is carried through pipes to a tower built on high mountain, near G. and from it around the city. In 1887 there were 444 industrial establishments in Germany, with 5205 workers and a production value of 14,880,835 marks; including 8 fur factories (560 workers, production value 1,650,000 marks), 3 breweries (300 workers, 1,400,000 marks), a sugar factory in Tele (96 workers, 2,300,000 marks), 6 tobacco factories. (370 workers, 1,300,000 marks), 9 distilleries and distilleries, 2 asphalt factories, a faience factory, a tapestry factory, 7 printing houses, 3 lithographs, etc. Near G. a porcelain factory (240 workers, 600,000 marks), several sawmills, 2 breweries and friend. The position of G. is very convenient for trade, thanks to three harbors and a railroad. dor., connecting it with St. Petersburg. and the most important cities in Finland; in terms of imports, it ranks first in Finland; importation is predominantly in the hands of Russian merchants. The main export items are: wood, oil, fish, manufactured goods. Exports have risen sharply recent years thanks to new railways. dor. total amount G.'s trade turnover is about 40 million marks a year; customs fees in 1890 reached 6,200,520 marks. The number of arriving ships in 1887 was 1332, in 224457 reg. tons; departed - 942, in 214811 reg. tons.

N. Knipovich.

II (addition to the article)

(see corresponding article) - the main city of Finland; by the beginning of 1903, it had 100,812 inhabitants, of which 53% were Finns, 44.5% Swedes, and 2.5% other nationalities. In 1901 there were 1139 factories, factories and craft establishments, from 17147 slaves. and production on 68642844 fin. Mar.; the most developed production of life supplies - by 16 million. m., from metal and mechanical - by 15 mil. m., processing of plant materials - by 9 mil. In 1902, G. received 10,101,175 m of customs duty, which is 31% of this duty from the whole country; in this respect, G. occupies the first place among the cities of Finland. University(see the corresponding article) in 1904 had 2508 students, of which 526 were women (in 1880 there were 1, in 1885 - 1, in 1890 - 17, in 1895 - 108, in 1900 - 354); 137 teachers, including 36 ordinary and 19 extraordinary professors; University revenues in 1903 were 1,719,946 m, expenses - 1,511,432 m, capital - 9,389,951 m. there were 46 teachers. Budget G. in 1903: income - 5693503 m., expenses - 5250724 m., including for city self-government - 879 thousand mar., for schools - 857 thousand mar., for the medical unit - 333 thousand m.

Wed "Stat. yearbook of Finland for 1904" (G., 1904).

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - St. Petersburg: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

Synonyms:

See what "Helsingfors" is in other dictionaries:

Helsinki Dictionary of Russian synonyms. helsingfors n., number of synonyms: 1 Helsinki (4) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin ... Synonym dictionary

HELSINGFORS, the Swedish name for the city of Helsinki... Modern Encyclopedia

- (Helsingfors, Helsinki in Finnish) Ch. mountains Vel. Prince of Finland and the provincial city of the Nyland province, the administrative, scientific and industrial center of the country. Founded by King Gustav Vasa in 1550, at the mouth of the river. Wanda, in the 6th c. from the current G .. On ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Helsinki place names World: Toponymic Dictionary. M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 ... Geographic Encyclopedia

- (Helsingfors), the Swedish name for the city of Helsinki. * * * HELSINGFORS HELSINGFORS (Helsingfors), the Swedish name for the city of Helsinki (see HELSINKI) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Helsingfors) Swedish name for the city of Helsinki, the capital of Finland... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (Helsingfors) the Swedish name of the capital of Finland, Helsinki ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

- ... Wikipedia

Helsingfors- Helsinki... Toponymic Dictionary

Helsingfors- HELSINGFORS, lips. mountains Nyulandsk. lips., administrative., industrial. and bargaining. center of Finland. Beautiful roads and harbors, vast. port. facilities. Military port (See Sveaborg1). Node etc., departing along the coast, inside the region and to St. Petersburg. Covered from the sea ... Military Encyclopedia

Books

• Defense of the Baltic coast in 1854-1856, V.D. Krenke, This book can serve as material for the history of the Eastern War of 1854-1856. The book describes: the defense of St. Petersburg, the Neva batteries, the defense of the environs of St. Petersburg, the defense ... Category: Humanities Series: Publisher:

Countries. It was founded by King Gustav Vasa in 1550, at the mouth of the Wanda River, 6 versts from present-day Gammelstad. It was moved to its current location in the first half of the 17th century. It developed slowly in the 18th century. suffered a lot from the attacks of Russian troops. In 1712, a part of the Russian fleet shelled G.. in 1713, it was occupied by the Russians, and the Swedes, retreating, set fire to the city, which burned down almost to the ground. In 1721 G. again passed into the power of the Swedes and the returning residents had to first live in barracks built by Russian troops. In 1741, Russian troops again occupied G. and stayed for two years. Since that time, the Swedish government began to actively take care of the strengthening of G. On the Vargsheren (Wargsk & auml. ren) group of islands, the Sveaborg fortress was built. As early as the middle of the 18th century, there were only about 2,000 inhabitants in G., and city merchants had only one ship. In 1788 G. was temporarily occupied by Russian troops. The rapid development of Georgia began with the annexation of Finland to Russia. In 1819, Emperor Alexander I made it the capital of Finland, transferring here from Abo the residence of the governor-general and the senate. Emperor Nicholas I transferred the university here after the Abo fire. G. lies at the southern end of the peninsula, between the Gulf of Kronbergsfjerden in the east and the bays of Bredviken and Huplaks-viken in the west. Kronberg Bay, closed to the south by a group of islands on which Sveaborg is built, is an excellent vast harbor, which is divided into two parts by the Skattudden peninsula : north and south. In the northernmost part of the bay lies the town of Sörnes (Sorn & auml. s), where a branch of the railway is led and where ships can be conveniently loaded and unloaded. On the back on the side of G. is its third harbor, Sandviksgamn. The harbors are equipped with granite embankments. Around south. harbor lies a trading area serving as a market. here is the imperial palace with a beautiful throne room and several paintings by famous Finnish artists, and a granite monument in memory of a visit to G. by Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. The best street in the city is the Esplanade, with a monument to Runeberg and theaters, Swedish and Finnish (there is also a Russian theater in G.). a knight's house, where the nobility and the clergy sit during the Diet. Lutheran Church of St. Nicholas on a fairly high rock dominating the city, the town hall (Rå. dhuset), where sometimes during the Diet the estate of the townspeople sits. student house (see Helsingfors University). Sejm building. Ateneum, where the drawing and craft schools are located. astronomical observatory. On the Skattuden peninsula there is an Orthodox Assumption Church, a mint, a prison. In total there are 3 Swedish and Finnish churches, 2 Orthodox, 1 Catholic, 1 German Lutheran, 1 Jewish synagogue in G. Kaisaniemi and Ulrikasborg (or Brunnspark) parks, with numerous cottages and a bathing establishment. Botanical Garden. built by the well-known throughout the Scandinavian world folk teacher Alli Trygg "House for the people", which houses a nursery for babies of workers, a kindergarten, a hall for folk readings and concerts, a library for the people, a laundry and a consumer association shop. Inhabitants in G., with Sveaborg, about 65 thousand (not counting the Russian troops). In 1881 about 55% of the population spoke Swedish and about 36% Finnish. the rest of the inhabitants are predominantly Russians (mainly military men and merchants) and Germans. The vast majority of the population are Protestants. Of the educational institutions in Georgia, in addition to Alexander University (see Helsingfors University), there is a polytechnic school, which consists of departments of engineering, machine building, architecture, land surveying, and chemical technology. classical Swedish normal lyceum, classical Finnish lyceum, Swedish real lyceum, several private lyceums, Swedish real school. women's secondary educational institutions: state - 2 Swedish and 2 Finnish, private - 4 Swedish, 1 Finnish and 1 Swedish-German. maritime school, commercial industrial school (Swedish-Finnish), craft school (also). public and Sunday schools. Of the Russian educational institutions - the Alexander Classical Gymnasium, the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium, a public school and a kindergarten. Branch of the Finnish Bible Society. Finnish scientific society with mathematical-physical, natural-historical and historical-philological sections and a central meteorological institution. Society for the Study of Finnish Fauna and Flora. Finnish Historical Society. Finnish Geography Society. Finnish-Ugric society. Finnish Society of Physicians. Society of the twelve (med.). Finnish Literary Society. Swedish Literary Society. Society for the Education of the People. The Finnish Art Society, whose collections are housed in the Ateneum. Legal Society. Pedagogical Society. Society for the Promotion of Crafts in Finland, with a central school. Finnish Society for the Preservation of Ancient Monuments. Finnish Forestry Society. Geographic Society, Prison Society. Sobriety Society. Finnish Missionary Society. Finnish Publishing Society. A collection of society paintings to promote the crafts. Signeus Gallery. There are seven credit institutions, apart from the Finnish State Bank, and five insurance institutions. Newspapers: "Nya Pressen", "Dagblad", "Finnland", "Uusi Suometar", "Hufwudstadsbladet", "Valvoia" magazine and two humorous leaflets. An extensive hospital, with which university clinics are connected (expenses for its maintenance in 1889 = 469,162 marks). Russian military hospital sea ​​bathing in Brunnspark, Tele and Sandviken. asylum for the mentally ill, school for the blind. G.'s income in 1889 was 2,702,989 marks, expenses 2,901,549 marks: expenses for administration and public security amounted to 478,136 marks, for educational institutions 319,834 marks, for the sanitary department 41,027 marks, for quartering troops 248,133 marks, for the maintenance of the fire brigade 65,385 marks, for the maintenance of the poor 123316 marks. G.'s debt by 1889 - 3169561 marks. G. is supplied with water from the Wanda River. 6 versts from the city near the waterfall, turbines were built that raise water into reservoirs for filtering, from here it is carried through pipes to a tower built on a high mountain near G. and from it through the city. In 1887 there were 444 industrial establishments in Germany, with 5205 workers and a production value of 14,880,835 marks. including 8 fur (560 workers, production value 1,650,000 marks), 3 breweries (300 workers, 1,400,000 marks), sugar

Helsingfors (Helsingfors, Helsinki in Finnish) - the main city of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the provincial city of the Nyland province, the administrative, scientific and industrial center of the country. Founded by King Gustav Vasa in 1550, at the mouth of the Wanda River, 6 versts from the present Helsingfors (see Gammelstad). It was moved to its current location in the first half of the 17th century. It developed slowly in the 18th century. suffered a lot from the attacks of Russian troops. In 1712 a part of the Russian fleet shelled G.; in 1713 it was occupied by the Russians, and the Swedes, retreating, set fire to the city, which burned down almost to the ground. In 1721, Helsingfors again came under the control of the Swedes, and the returning residents had to first live in barracks built by Russian troops. In 1741, Russian troops occupied Helsingfors again and stayed here for two years. Since that time, the Swedish government began to actively take care of the strengthening of G. The fortress of Sveaborg was built on the Vargsheren (Wargsk ä ren) group of islands. Back in the middle of the 18th century, there were only about 2 thousand inhabitants in Helsingfors and city merchants had only one ship. In 1788 Helsingfors was temporarily occupied by Russian troops. The rapid development of Helsingfors began with the accession of Finland to Russia. In 1819, Emperor Alexander I made it the capital of Finland, transferring here from Abo the residence of the governor-general and the senate. Emperor Nicholas I moved here after the Abo fire and the university. Helsingfors lies at the southern end of the peninsula, between the Kronbergsfjerden bay in the east and the bays of Bredviken and Huplaksviken in the west. The Kronberg Bay, which is closed to the south by a group of islands on which Sveaborg is built, is an excellent vast harbor, which is divided into two parts by the Skattudden peninsula: to the north and south. In the northernmost part of the bay lies the town of Sörnes (Sornäs), where a branch of the railway is laid and where ships can be conveniently loaded and unloaded. On the back side of Helsingfors is its third harbor, Sandviksgamn. The harbors are equipped with granite embankments. Around south. the harbor is a trading square, serving as a market; here is the imperial palace with a beautiful throne room and several paintings by famous Finnish artists, as well as a granite monument in memory of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna's visit to Helsingfors. The best street in the city is Esplanade, with a monument to Runeberg and theaters, Swedish and Finnish (there is also a Russian theater in Helsingfors); the knight's house, where the nobility and the clergy sit during the Diet; Lutheran Church of St. Nicholas on a rather high rock dominating the city, the town hall (R å dhuset), where sometimes the estate of the townspeople sits during the Diet; student house (see Helsingfors University); Sejm building; Ateneum, where the drawing and craft schools are located; astronomical observatory. On the Skattuden peninsula there is an Orthodox Church of the Assumption, a mint, a prison. There are 3 Swedish and Finnish churches in Helsingfors, 2 Orthodox, 1 Catholic, 1 German Lutheran, 1 Jewish synagogue. Kaisaniemi and Ulrikasborg (or Brunnspark) parks, with numerous cottages and a bathing establishment. Botanical Garden; built by the well-known throughout the Scandinavian world folk teacher Alli Trygg "House for the people", which houses a nursery for babies of workers, a kindergarten, a hall for folk readings and concerts, a library for the people, a laundry and a consumer association shop. Inhabitants in G., with Sveaborg, about 65 thousand (not counting the Russian troops). In 1881 about 55% of the population spoke Swedish and about 36% Finnish; the rest of the inhabitants are predominantly Russians (mainly military men and merchants) and Germans. The vast majority of the population are Protestants. Of the educational institutions in Georgia, in addition to Alexander University (see Helsingfors University), the polytechnic school, which consists of departments of engineering, machine building, architecture, land surveying, and chemical technology; classical Swedish normal lyceum, classical Finnish lyceum, Swedish real lyceum, several private lyceums, Swedish real school; women's secondary educational institutions: state - 2 Swedish and 2 Finnish, private - 4 Swedish, 1 Finnish and 1 Swedish-German; maritime school, commercial institute, industrial school (Swedish-Finnish), craft school (also); public and Sunday schools. Of the Russian educational institutions - the Alexander Classical Gymnasium, the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium, a public school and a kindergarten. Branch of the Finnish Bible Society; Finnish Scientific Society with mathematical-physical, natural-historical and historical-philological sections and a central meteorological institution; Society for the Study of Finnish Fauna and Flora; Finnish Historical Society; Finnish Geography Society; Finnish-Ugric society; Finnish Society of Physicians; Society of the Twelve (med.); Finnish Literary Society; Swedish Literary Society; Society for the Education of the People; the Finnish Art Society, whose collections are housed in the Ateneum; Law Society; Pedagogical Society; Society for the Promotion of Crafts in Finland, with a central school; Finnish Society for the Preservation of Ancient Monuments; Finnish Forestry Society; Geographic Society, Prison Society; Temperance Society; Finnish Missionary Society; Finnish Publishing Society. Collection of Society Paintings to Promote Crafts; Signeus Gallery. There are seven credit institutions in Helsingfors, except for the state Finnish bank, and five insurance institutions. Newspapers: "Nya Pressen", "Dagblad", "Finnland", "Uusi Suometar", "Hufwudstadsbladet", "Valvoia" magazine and two humorous leaflets. An extensive hospital, with which university clinics are connected (expenses for its maintenance in 1889 = 469,162 marks); Russian military hospital; sea ​​bathing in Brunnspark, Tele and Sandviken; asylum for the mentally ill, school for the blind. The income of Helsingfors in 1889 was 2,702,989 marks, the expenses were 2,901,549 marks: expenses for administration and public security amounted to 478,136 marks, for educational institutions 319,834 marks, for the sanitary department 41,027 marks ., 248,133 marks for quartering troops, 65,385 marks for the maintenance of the fire brigade, and 123,316 marks for the maintenance of the poor. The debt of Helsingfors by 1889 is 3169561 marks. Helsingfors is supplied with water from the Wanda River; 6 versts from the city near the waterfall, turbines were built that raise water into reservoirs for filtering, from here it is carried through pipes to a tower built on a high mountain near Helsingfors and from it through the city. In 1887 there were 444 industrial establishments in Helsingfors, with 5205 workers and a production value of 14,880,835 marks; including 8 fur factories (560 workers, production value 1,650,000 marks), 3 breweries (300 workers, 1,400,000 marks), a sugar factory in Tele (96 workers, 2,300,000 marks), 6 tobacco factories. (370 workers, 1,300,000 marks), 9 distilleries and spirit factories, 2 asphalt factories, a faience factory, a tapestry factory, 7 printing houses, 3 lithographs, etc. Near G. a porcelain factory (240 workers, 60,000 marks), several sawmills, 2 breweries and a friend. The position of Helsingfors is very convenient for trade, thanks to three harbors and a railway. dor., connecting it with St. Petersburg. and the most important cities in Finland; in terms of imports, it ranks first in Finland; importation is predominantly in the hands of Russian merchants. The main export items are: wood, oil, fish, manufactured goods. Export has increased greatly in recent years due to the construction of new railroads. dor. The total amount of trade turnover of Helsingfors is about 40 million marks a year; customs fees in 1890 reached 6,200,520 marks. The number of arriving ships in 1887 was 1332, in 224457 reg. tons; departed - 942, in 214811 reg. tons.

N. Knipovich.

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb. Brockhaus-Efron.

Ketch "Valborg"

Helsinki is a very beautiful city with amazing architecture. Left an imprint on his face rich story. Arriving here, vacationers can visit squares and museums, admire the beauty of churches and parks. Even a week may not be enough to get acquainted with the capital - the sights here are located literally at every step.

Senate Square (Senaatintori)

It is best to start exploring the city from its cultural and historical center. The name speaks for itself: this is where the Senate building is located (now State Council). Nearby is the University, and opposite you can see the former residences of wealthy merchants of the century before last. In the middle of the square stands a monument to the emperor Russian Empire Alexander II, who did a lot for the Principality of Finland. Next to him are four figures, personifying law, peace, labor and light. The houses surrounding the square in a ring form a harmonious architectural ensemble.

Church in the rock (Temppeliaukio kirkko)

There are many religious sites in Helsinki, but the most unusual of all can rightly be called a Lutheran church in a granite rock. The avant-garde building caused a mixed reaction from society, but now Temppeliaukio is considered one of the symbols of the city, and even the most skeptical citizens have come to terms with its original style.

The hall of the church is spacious, and part of the walls is made up of raw rock. Light enters through the windows surrounding the huge dome, so there is no feeling of stiffness. It has excellent acoustics, which is why the temple is often used for concerts. However, even on ordinary days it is worth coming here to listen to the magnificent organ, which has more than 3,000 pipes. There are no bells in Temppeliaukio; instead, speakers are installed in the walls through which bell music written by Tanel Kuusisto is broadcast.

Entrance to the church is free, but you need to focus on the schedule of services. In summer, from Monday to Saturday, it is open from 10:00 to 17:45, and in winter from 10:00 to 17:00. On Sundays, Temppeliaukio church opens an hour later.

Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Another religious building, whose appearance will not leave anyone indifferent, is made in the classical pseudo-Byzantine style. The Assumption Cathedral, built at the end of the 19th century on the basis of the Katajanokka peninsula, is considered one of the most beautiful in all of Finland. It is built on a rock and proudly rises above the nearby buildings. The outer walls are made of red brick, and thirteen onion domes are covered with gold leaf. The main dome rises in the central part of the square structure, while the bell tower is located on the south side. From the platform in front of the cathedral, a beautiful view of the whole of Helsinki opens up.

The cathedral can be visited on all days except Monday. Opening hours: Tuesday-Friday - 9:30-16:00, Saturday - 9:30-14:00, Sunday - 12:00-15:00. If tourists want to attend the service, the time must be specified separately.

Market Square (Kauppatori)

Helsinki Market Square is worth a visit not only for shopping lovers, but also for those who want to see the daily life of the city. Along its perimeter there are retail outlets where everything your heart desires is sold - from delicacies to clothes and souvenirs. Walking here is not in a hurry, because Helsinki does not tolerate fuss. In addition to the tents, one of the symbols of the city is located here - the Sea Nymph fountain, as well as an obelisk in honor of Russian empress Alexandra Fedorovna.

As in any market, trading is carried out on weekends in the morning. It is especially interesting in the square during the Christmas holidays, when everything around is decorated with garlands. You can refresh your strength after shopping, and in winter you can keep warm in small cafes.

Sveaborg Fortress (Suomenlinna)

Sveaborg ("Swedish Fortress") or Suomenlinna ("Finnish Fortress") are the names of the same historical site, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. At present, the fortification has passed to civilian administration, but earlier it performed an important defensive function.

The fortress was built on the islands located two kilometers from Helsinki. Lovers of history, architecture and military affairs will find a lot of interesting things here. Tourist sites include:

• Suomenlinna Museum (Suomenlinna-museo) - ticket from 5 euros;
• toy museum (Suomenlinnan Lelumuseo) - entry from 5 euros;
• military museum (Sotamuseon Maneesi) - ticket costs 4 euros;
• Field Marshal Ehrensvärd Museum (Ehrensvärd-museo) ticket from 3 euros;
• Customs Museum (Tullimuseo) - admission is free;
• Submarine Museum "Vesikko" (Vesikko) ticket price from 4 euros.

Not the whole fortress is open to the public - part of it is reserved for the naval academy, and there is also a prison. Interestingly, it is the prisoners who are involved in maintaining order in Sveaborg.

You can only get here by ferry or water bus from the Market Square. A one-way ticket costs 4 euros. Tourists who decide to visit the attraction for the first time should remember that there is no transport on the territory of the fortress, so you need to wear shoes that are as comfortable as possible.

Winter Garden

The Winter Garden is a wonderful romantic place, perfect for leisurely walks. This is a kind of oasis of wild nature in the middle of the metropolis. Having crossed the threshold, you immediately find yourself in a tropical forest: birds sing, lianas hang from the ceiling. However, going a little further, it is impossible not to note the order prevailing here: the paths are strewn with gravel, and the animals are located in cages.

The territory is divided into several parts: a pool with fish, a cactus garden and a zone of exotic plants and flowers. Entrance to the Winter Garden is free, but it is open only until 15:00, and on Saturday and Sunday - until 16:00, the day off is Monday. You can get here by tram No. 2, 4 and 7A, stop Töölön halli.

Museum of Contemporary Art "Kiasma" (Kiasma)

Museum "Kiasma" is one of the "youngest" in Helsinki. He is dedicated contemporary art in broad sense this word. The museum does not look like classical galleries - rather, it is several creative platforms gathered in one place. There are 25 departments in total, covering such areas as painting, cinema, photography, sculpture, music, architecture and so on. Exhibitions are constantly updated, and so that visitors can freely navigate the expositions, audio guides are issued at the entrance.

The museum is located at: Mannerheiminaukio Square, 2. Kiasma opens at 10:00, but the opening hours vary: on Tuesday it is open until 17:00, on Wednesday and Thursday - until 20:30, on Friday - until 20:00, on Saturday - until 18:00, on Sunday - until 17:00. Day off - Monday. The entrance ticket costs 12 euros, for students - 8 euros.

Aleksanterinkatu street

Aleksanterinkatu or Aleksandrovskaya street - history Center Helsinki, the richest street in the city. Trade was conducted here several centuries ago, and since then nothing has changed in this regard. It is here that the stores of the most famous brands are located, as well as the largest shopping center in the capital - Stockmann. A visit to Aleksanterinkatu will be interesting not only for the purpose of shopping - the street itself is very beautiful. You can get here by bus (No. 4, 4A, 7A and 7B) or tram (3B).

Getting to know the city

By bus or tram

Helsinki bus tours start at the central station (Simonkatu 1) or at the port (Silja and Viking terminals). An inexpensive but very exciting alternative to a bus tour is to get to know the city on the 3T tram line. In this case, we recommend starting the tour from the station, then the tram goes past almost all the main sights of Helsinki. Along with the ticket, it would be nice to buy an accompanying brochure describing the objects that the tram rolls past.

On foot or by bike

The Helsinki Information Center brochure lists popular routes for exploring the city and bike rentals.

On a boat around Helsinki

Pleasure boats in the summer every hour (from 10.00) depart from the Market Square and Hakanie Square (Hakanie) - you can take a trip to the islands off the coast of Helsinki.

Leisure

Holidays in Helsinki do not have to be limited to sightseeing - the city has a huge selection of places where you can spend time actively and have fun. Of course, first of all, tourists will want to go on a trip by water. It can be both an exit to the open sea, and a walk along the coastline on a boat. You can get acquainted with underwater inhabitants without leaving the mainland - in the Sea Life Aquarium. It has more than 50 aquariums, and under the largest of them, where sharks are kept, there is a glass tunnel.

Vanhankaupunki Historic District is the place to go for fishing enthusiasts. To catch fish in law-abiding Finland, you need to have a license, but you can freely buy it at the Meri-Info kiosks located in the Stockmann department store on the street. Aleksanterinkatu 52, or at the address: st. Unioninkatu 23.

Winter is probably the most favorite time of the year for Finns, and how to resist the temptation to go skating or skiing, especially if all these activities are available in the city center. In addition to indoor ice parks and sports complexes located in Helsinki and the surrounding area, ski slopes and skating rinks also flood right under the open sky.

The Finnish sauna is an obligatory item in the program of any tourist coming to Helsinki. Steam rooms are installed right in houses, on rooftops, and sometimes even on buses, and visiting them is an important part of the culture. One of the most colorful public saunas is Rauhaniemi. Its peculiarity is that instead of an artificial pool, visitors plunge into the polynya of Lake Näsijärvi.

Every year from the end of August to mid-September, a festive atmosphere reigns in Helsinki for three weeks. Everywhere there are concerts, performances, various events are organized. All kinds of performances are arranged in the capital's cafes and restaurants. The culmination of the festival is the Long Night of Art.

shopping

Finnish-made goods, in particular clothes, shoes and interior items, are distinguished high quality for which they are highly valued around the world. The choice of a place for shopping depends on the product - you should go to the market for souvenirs and colorful handicrafts, but branded items can be bought at a bargain in large shopping centers.

From Helsinki, woolen hats and sweaters with a characteristic pattern are usually brought as gifts. Warm and original, they will find a place in every wardrobe. From national brands to recent times Marimeko is popular - things are distinguished by an unusual bright design, but at the same time they are well suited to any style.

In addition, you can pay attention to bath accessories. They are sold individually or as gift sets.

A traditional souvenir is also a kuksa - a wooden cup with a ring handle. In ancient times, the Finns took them on hikes, tying them to their belts.

On the main shopping streets Esplanade and Aleksanterinkatu (Aleksanterinkatu) there are brand shops and small boutiques.

All the favorite foods of Finns (and sometimes visiting foreigners) can be bought at the market near the port. Opening hours: Mon. Sat. 6.30-14.00; summer 15.30-20.00.

Not far from the Pitkasilta bridge, there is a market on Hakaniemi Square. Here the products are slightly cheaper than in the market near the port.

At the end of Bulevardi Boulevard is the Hietalahdentori market. Worth a visit to the central pavilion. Opening hours: Monday to Friday - 8.00-18.00, Saturday and Sunday - until 15.00.

How to save money in Helsinki

The national currency of Finland is the euro, and at the current exchange rate, even a short trip can be very expensive. To have a good rest and at the same time save money, it is worth remembering some travel tricks.

Free admission to museums

The schedule of most cultural sites provides days or hours of free access. So, in the Museum of Culture this time is from 17:00 to 20:00 on the first Tuesday of each month, the next day you can freely go to the Ateneum and Kiasma museums at the same time. On Fridays from 11:00 to 16:00 you do not need to pay for a ticket to the Museum of Finnish Architecture (Museum of Finnish Architecture). In addition, the city has a huge variety of free facilities, including churches and parks.

Savings on food

On most trips, food will be the biggest expense. However, if you cook your own food, buying groceries in the supermarket, you can save a lot.

Savings on purchases

Inveterate shopaholics should pay attention to outlets, which are very numerous in Helsinki. Discounts can reach up to 70%.

When buying things as a gift, you should ask if you can get a Tax Free refund. In stores operating under this system, you need to take a special check, on which a stamp is placed when leaving the country. You can get a refund of the paid VAT directly at the customs office.

Directions

Of course the most The best way save on travel costs - stay close to attractions. If this is not possible, and the tourist will have to use public transport, it is worth buying a single ticket. To do this, you need to contact the transport department of the city or the tourist office.

Accommodation in Helsinki

Visiting all the sights is a pleasant, but rather tiring task, so you need to take care of accommodation in advance. Traditionally, most travelers choose hotels. The capital of Finland is a place where you can find the right hotel that meets all the requirements for comfort, price per room, range of services. Chain establishments such as Hilton and Radisson do not need a separate description, however, apart from them, there are many interesting options here. For example, Hotel Kämp is the epitome of elegance and chic. It is not surprising that this is where the world elite prefers to stay. You can book a room and feel your involvement in the upper strata of society for 200 euros per day.

Entrance to Glo Hotel Art

There are many more economical, but no less interesting hotels in the capital. So, Glo Hotel Art is real medieval castle, Radisson Blu Seaside Hotel is an eco-friendly hotel, where all the interiors of the rooms are made exclusively from natural materials.

For those who are going to stay in Helsinki for at least a week, as well as tourists with children, it is better to consider renting apartments (apart-hotels). Among them are Citykoti Downtown Apartments, Helsinki Central Apartments, Forenom Helsinki City Aparthotel.

There are also quite a few hostels in the city that will appeal to young people, as accommodation in them is inexpensive. Not far from the city center are Eurohostel, Hostel Erottajanpuisto, Domus Academica and others. In the midst of the tourist season, it is better not to postpone the choice of housing, as good profitable options are quickly taken apart. You can find and book a room through our website at the link.

How to get to Helsinki

The fastest way to get to the capital of Finland from Russia is by plane. There are daily direct flights from Moscow in this direction. The journey will take no more than 2.5 hours.

Those who for some reason are not suitable for air transport can use the services of Russian Railways. A high-speed train will take tourists from St. Petersburg to their destination in just 3.5 hours. But the journey from Moscow will last significantly longer - 15.5 hours.

Another option that is also popular is the ferry from the northern capital. Approximate time on the way - 13 hours, but this solution will be the most beneficial for those who are used to traveling abroad in their own car - a car deck is at the service of passengers.