The peoples of Eurasia make up almost three-quarters of the total population of the earth. A large number of different ethnic groups live on the mainland, which differ in appearance, mentality, culture and language.
Each people of Eurasia belongs to a specific language family, which, in turn, is divided into groups. The speech of each people in the family is similar and comes from one common parent language. Languages that are in the same group sometimes differ only in pronunciation or spelling.
Most languages were formed territorially. This explains the fact that different peoples of Eurasia have almost the same or similar speech. There is a hypothesis that ancient people developed their speech by listening to the sounds of the wildlife of the area, and therefore some languages are very similar to the sounds that animals make.
Classification of the languages of the peoples of Eurasia
To date, 7 language families have been recorded, which unite all the languages \u200b\u200band dialects of the peoples living on the mainland. Each of these families is divided into language groups of the peoples of Eurasia. There are 17 of them.
All languages are divided into:
1. Indo-European family:
- Slavic group (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish, Czech and Bulgarian);
- German group (English, German, Norwegian and Swedish);
- Baltic group (Lithuanian and Latvian);
- Romance group (Spanish, Portuguese, French and Italian);
- Celtic group (Irish);
- Greek group (Greek);
- Iranian group (Tajik, Afghan and Ossetian);
- Indo-Aryan group (Hindustani and Nepalese);
- Armenian group (Armenian);
2. Kartvelian family (Georgian).
3. Afroasian family:
- Semitic group (Arabic);
4. Ural-Yukogir family:
- Finno-Ugric group (Hungarian, Estonian and Finnish);
5. Altai family:
- Turkic group (Turkish, Kazakh and Kyrgyz);
- Mongolian group (Mongolian and Buryat);
- Japanese group (Japanese);
- Korean group (Korean);
6. Sino-Tibetan family (Chinese);
7. North Caucasian family:
- Abkhaz-Adyghe group (Abkhaz and Adyghe);
- Nakh-Dagestan group (Chechen).
How did the languages of the peoples of Eurasia develop?
On the mainland of Eurasia, the most ancient civilizations were created and developed: India, China and Mesopotamia. They gave development to all other peoples, their states, culture, traditions and speech.
It did not stop, but people settled, developing new lands, inventing new words and expressions. This is how language groups appeared, and then families. Each people of Eurasia developed the already existing speech in its own way. People living in different places began to call the same things by different names. This is how dialects appeared, which then turned into full-fledged ones. Linguists divided all languages into families and groups for easier study.
Indo-European language family
The largest language family in the world is the Indo-European family. These languages are spoken by many peoples of Eurasia.
This language family owes such popularity to the conquerors and discoverers. Indo-European languages were born in Eurasia, and it is considered the birthplace of all mankind along with Africa. People developed new territories and captured the indigenous peoples of other continents, then imposed their culture and language on them. Each people of Eurasia at that time tried to subjugate more territories and people. Many scientists associate such a wide spread of the Spanish, English and Russian languages precisely with historical events.
What is the difference between Chinese and Japanese languages?
A common mistake many people make is to count Chinese and Japanese languages similar or nearly the same. These two languages are not just in different language families. People living in Japan and China are completely different, although they belong to the same race. Each of these countries is a separate people of Eurasia, having its own culture and language.
If the hieroglyphs themselves, which are written in these countries, are difficult enough to distinguish, this does not mean that the languages are the same. Their first difference is that the Japanese write vertically, while the Chinese write horizontally.
Japanese speech is much rougher than Chinese. Chinese is filled soft sounds. Japanese speech is harsher. A deeper study will show that the words in these languages are different, as well as grammar and other rules.
Slavic languages
Slavic languages are a language group of the Indo-European family. These languages are very similar. Speakers of Slavic languages can often understand each other almost without difficulty, while speaking in different languages. This is especially true for Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian speech.
They began to develop with the advent of the first Slavic tribes. Each tribe used its own dialect. The greater the distance between them, the more differences appeared in speech.
All Slavic languages divided into eastern, western and southern. This division occurs territorially, as well as the division of tribes.
Of the other representatives of the Indo-European language family, the closest to the Slavic is the Baltic group. Many scientists explain this by long communication between representatives of these tribes.
Peoples living on the continent
In fact, there are a lot of peoples living on the mainland, but if you generalize, then they can be conditionally divided by race into 2 groups: Caucasoid and Mongoloid. And these groups, in turn, divided into subgroups.
Caucasian race, consisting of the following groups:
- Slavic;
- Baltic;
- Germanic;
- Greek;
- Armenian;
- Finno-Ugric.
Mongoloid race:
- Turkic;
- Mongolian;
- Korean;
- Japanese;
- Chukchi-Kamchatka;
- Sino-Tibetan.
Of course, many more ethnic groups and tribes live on the territory of Eurasia.
Peoples of Eurasia: countries
Perhaps, within the framework of a single article, it is impossible to list all the countries of the continent, because there are about 99 of them! But it is worth mentioning the largest of them. Probably everyone knows that Russia is the largest state on the mainland. Not to mention India and China, the countries with the highest population density.
As for the smallest states, they are mainly located in the western territories of the mainland. For example, unique public education considered the Vatican. The list of dwarf countries includes Liechtenstein, Andorra, Luxembourg and Monaco. The smallest countries in Asia are Brunei, Maldives and Bahrain.
Eurasia is considered the most colorful continent on the planet, of course! Its territory is occupied by 3/4 of the world's population with different skin colors, their own culture and traditions.
This invention relates to the new Eurasian world alphabet and language. can be used everywhere all over the world for free international, interethnic and interstate communication between all people on the whole Earth. The most important characteristic of any language is the alphabet and grammar. But there is nothing more conservative in the world than the alphabet. On the one hand, this allows you to preserve the originality of the language and the nation, and on the other hand, it is a brake on its development and even the death of both the language and the nation. Therefore, in modern conditions The Russian language should be divided into two languages: into the Russian language proper for the Russian nation and into the Eurasian language for the Eurasian nation and for interethnic communication.
Eurasians have no right to touch the sovereign Russian language, and even more so the sovereign Russian nation. This is the sovereign right of the Russians. And with the Eurasian language, Eurasians can begin to do everything that is necessary so that this language becomes not only their national language, but also international language. This is their Eurasian right. And it is necessary to improve the Eurasian language from the alphabet. But what is an alphabet? The alphabet is a graphic, written representation of the sounds of speech. Different alphabets appeared in different ways. For example, the English alphabet appeared as a result of careless selection, substitution, juggling in the British Isles - then a back street of the Roman Empire - to the sounds of the Anglo-Saxon speech of the Latin letters of the Latin speech of the Roman Empire. Where there were not enough letters, combinations of two, three or more well-known Latin letters were used.
As a result, English from an alphabetical, graphic, writing point of view has become one of the most carelessly complex languages, when one thing is written (depicted), and sometimes quite another is read (pronounced). That's why for studying and mastering English, American and any other language with latin alphabet, Need to know not only the actual alphabet of this language, but also another alphabet-translator ( its transcription- pronunciation and combinations of various letters). And since in each language there are a great many different sounds (adverbs), there are also a great many different combinations of various Latin letters to reflect these varieties. A letters in Latin few. And those that are often duplicate each other, which confuses the Latin alphabet and all its languages to Chinese letters in antediluvian hieroglyphs. And now, because of this "carelessness" of the compilers English alphabet and the conservatism of the British, almost half of humanity is forced to "torment with letters", reading English, American and any Latin text.
Cyril and Methodius, when compiling the Russian alphabet, took into account the "negligents" of the compilers of the English alphabet and went to others, as always in Russia, in their own way. Where there were not enough Greek-Latin letters to designate Russian sounds, they invented and added new, even “superfluous” ones. As a result, now in the Russian alphabet there were even more letters than necessary, and in the English - less than necessary. If extra letters are thrown out of the Russian-Eurasian alphabet, and the missing ones are added to the Anglo-American alphabet, then a very good universal American-Eurasian alphabet and language may well turn out. But today this issue is not on the agenda yet. This is a question of the future, perhaps the nearest.
But even today, it is quite possible to put the question of creating a Eurasian alphabet on the agenda of alphabetists, which can be obtained simply - by “throwing out” of the Russian alphabet unnecessary for Eurasian language letters. And this should be done not revolutionary, but evolutionary, i.e. gradually, as in the Eurasian bookpack “Truth”, where the letter “e” has already been completely painlessly “thrown out”, which has long become optional, i.e. optional, and the letter "b", the functions of which are performed soft sign. You can "throw out" the letter "Sh", replacing this sound with a natural combination of two letters "ShCh".
And in order to distinguish “I” from “Y” more clearly, the Russian letter “Y” can be replaced with the Belarusian letter “I”, which is 4 times shorter, the letters “I”, “E”, “Yu”, “Yo” can also discard and replace them with natural combinations of two letters: I = IA, E = IE, Yu = IU, E = IO. Then 7 vowels will remain in the Eurasian alphabet: A, O, U, E, I, I, Y- a sacred seven-sound number!, like the 7 main notes in music. The letter "I" (as a personal pronoun) in the Eurasian alphabet can be left. Then the Eurasian alphabet will consist of 28 letters: A, B, C, D, D, F, Z, I, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, C, T, L, U, F , X, C, H, W, Y, E, Z. And the Eurasian language will sound, “like music”, and will shine with all the basic colors of the rainbow, of which there are also 7: red, brown, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple.
Further "modernization" of the Eurasian alphabet can also be carried out by replacing the same-sounding Eurasian letters with Latin ones and adding Eurasian letters to the American alphabet instead of multi-letter combinations. But this the process must be simultaneous and coordinated with the same modernization and the American alphabet in the USA, approximately, like arms reduction, not as a one-sided concession. For example, the Russian "C" can be replaced with the Latin "S", the Russian "Ts" - with the Latin "C", but provided that the NATO countries have their multi-stage, like a rocket, letter combinations "sch", "tio", "Schtch" (Schtchel - Slit and their other heaps of letters) will be replaced by simple and even elegant Russian letters "sh", "sh", etc.
At the same time, the English language in England and the Russian language in Russia should be conservatively left intact, as a relic, as the linguistic gene pool of mankind, and the rapprochement is carried out by the international American and Eurasian languages. Changing the graphic representation of the same sound in the alphabet does not in the least “spoil” and does not even infringe on the originality, sovereignty and uniqueness of the national, and even more so the new Eurasian or American language. The main thing in such a modernization of the alphabet is that it does not deform or distort the national spirit, color and sound of the national language. Also can be easily and effectively upgraded and any other, incl. and Tatar and the alphabet, and the language, once and for all, based on the universal interethnic Ivilitsa-Eurasian proposed here instead of constant shying between Arabic, Cyrillic, Karelian, and now also "sloppy" Anglo-Latin, Turet, or some other alien and useless overseas "Papuans" ".
“... And the Lord came down to see (in Valilon). And he said, Behold, there is one people, and one language for all; and this is what they began to do, and do not lag behind it ...; let us go down and confuse their language there so that one does not understand the other ... ”(“Genesis” of Moses, verse 11). What came out of this "Babylonian pandemonium" is known to all. What came out of the sovereignty "pandemonium" in the USSR is now also known to everyone. . In the meantime literalists, literalists and politicians will rack their brains and spears over the Eurasian alphabet, the role of the Eurasian language, as a language of both interethnic and world communication, is quite can also perform Russian in all its purity and beauty.
The Eurasian language is international expressiveness, universality and Russian strength, the efficiency of English, the liveliness of French, the strength of German, the tenderness of Italian, the richness of Greek, the spirituality of Latin, the brevity of the Turkic languages, the strength of Indo-Arabic numerals and Sanskrit... Therefore, it is impossible not to see that such a language was not given to the great Eurasian people! And to all other Eurasian nations and peoples for their international communication, treatment, attention and complete mutual understanding among themselves.
For more details, see IVAalfvt01 "Truth" 1993 Nab. Chelny
Leon Iva - author of the Eurasian alphabet and language
Photo: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/1871329
Moscow-Chisinau-Yerevan videoconference was held at the Rossiya Segodnya MIA on the topic: “The Russian language is the traditional choice of Eurasia”. The guests discussed the importance of the Russian language in modern international integration processes. main theme The meeting became a linguistic interaction between the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.
The following speakers took part in the Moscow studio: member of the Committee of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Public Associations and Religious Organizations Vitaly Zolochevsky, rector of the State Institute of the Russian Language. A.S. Pushkina Margarita Rusetskaya, Director of the Geopolitical Center "Russia-Caucasus" Nikolai Banin, General Director of the Information Agency "Inforos" Denis Tyurin, Member of the Board Science Center Eurasian integration Oleg Noginsky. Among the participants of the discussion in Chisinau were: Chairman of the Commission on Human Rights and Interethnic Relations of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova Vladimir Turcan, President of the Slavic University in the Republic of Moldova Oleg Babenko, journalist, political commentator Irina Astakhova and others.
Experts from Yerevan joined the discussion: Deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia Hayk Babukhanyan, Vice-Rector of the Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University Parkev Aetisyan and Chairman of the International public organization Humanitarian Development "MOOGR" Arman Ghukasyan.
It is worth noting that today the Russian language is native to 170 million people on the planet, and total number carriers make up about 300 million worldwide. Invited experts discussed two main trends in the global linguistic arena in the format of a video bridge: on the one hand, in recent times there is a decrease in interest, and in some places a targeted obstruction to the study of the Russian language, on the other hand, the political course of Russia today has found a response in many countries of the world today, and accordingly, attention to the Russian language is increasing. The guests also discussed organizations and projects promoting the popularization of the Russian language.
In the photo: Rector of the State Institute of the Russian Language. A.S. Pushkina Margarita Rusetskaya, Photographer: Oganesyan Elena
Margarita Rusetskaya in her speech noted that the language policy of each state is the most important factor in sustainable development, stability and security. Such a policy includes at least two components: “attitude towards one’s native state language and attitude towards the languages of neighbors”.
“Each child in our school must be fluent in Russian in order to pass the Unified State Examination without any problems, choose a university, get a profession and be competitive and in demand in the labor market of our large country. At the same time, we understand that it is extremely important to preserve the status of the Russian language in the international space as well. It is known that the Russian language is an instrument of international communication. But the language policy in the world is now actively changing, and many experts note the monopoly of English language. However, the leading positions in the international arena are also occupied by new “big languages”, such as Chinese. This is not surprising, because people choose those languages that provide new opportunities. Therefore, without interest in Russia from the point of view of economics, education, science and politics, it is impossible to artificially create interest in the language.”
Margarita Rusetskaya also emphasized that the countries of the post-Soviet space are united by a colossal information array of scientific, archival, historical and economic data that exist only in Russian: “Today there is not a single alternative database for our countries. Therefore, by not providing the opportunity to teach the Russian language, we are depriving our countries of a scientific future and the development of new humanitarian projects.”
To promote the spread of the Russian language in modern world is an extremely difficult task. Every day, the education sector faces new economic and political challenges of our time. Rector of the Institute A.S. Pushkin, spoke about a virtual educational project that will help overcome such difficulties.
"Often external conditions also affect access to qualified Russian language education. That's why State Institute Russian language them. A.S. Pushkin today is the center of distribution of electronic educational programs in this domain. Almost three years since the electronic school of the Russian language has been working. During this time, the pushkininstitute.ru portal has been visited by more than 4 million people and now 400,000 people from 78 countries are studying on this site. Also, 15,000 educators around the world receive professional support thanks to this program.
It is worth noting that such a format of education is becoming indispensable in the modern conditions of globalization. With the use of small resources, it is possible to achieve a large-scale effect.
Denis Tyurin, General Director of the Inforos Information Agency, said that in addition to the communicative function of the language, Russian is the language of business in the post-Soviet space.
Indeed, the knowledge of a certain language often dictates the further possibilities of the carrier. Denis Tyurin brought sad, but case in point about the situation in Latvia that has developed around local residents who speak Russian. The expert said that one of the arguments in favor of stopping the funding of Russian schools in the Baltic countries, especially in Latvia, by local nationalists was an indication that graduates of Russian-speaking educational institutions Compared to children who graduated from Latvian schools, they receive a huge advantage in finding a job. “According to the nationalists, this was unfair, so these children should have been deprived of the right to study basic school subjects in Russian,” the speaker commented.
Speaking about the "business value" of the Russian language, the speaker also recalled that on June 23-24, the Annual Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization will be held in Tashkent. It is noteworthy that 18 countries are included in the orbit of influence of the SCO, and Russian and Chinese are used as their two working languages.
The director of the Information Agency also said that, in addition to its growing influence in business, the Russian language has recently been associated in society with the language of traditional values. However, if in some parts of the world such language "associations" lead to the popularization of the Russian language, then in a number of other countries, Russian-speaking people face troubles and barriers.
The invited expert, Oleg Noginsky, noted that due to the increasing complexity political environment in the world, the Russian language is being actively ousted. “Today, the Russian language in the Eurasian space is used quite actively, as a point of split in the unity of people.
Examples are countries such as Ukraine and Belarus, where local activists deliberately exacerbate the language issue. For example, in Ukraine, until recently locals Russian was always spoken in everyday life. Today, Ukrainians are publicly positioning Ukrainian language as a necessary condition for the recognition of identity.
“Today, the Russian language in the Eurasian space is used quite actively, as a point of split in the unity of people”
The teleconference participants from Chisinau and Yerevan confirmed the observations of the Moscow speakers and noted the changing conditions for the survival of the Russian language in Eurasia. The main concern of experts was the future of neighboring and friendly peoples, because it is impossible to achieve understanding on any issue if people speak both mentally and literally in different languages.
The following 5 families are conventionally called "Paleoasiatic languages" (non-genetic association):
- Chukchi-Kamchatka family (5), including: Chukchi language, Koryak language, Itelmen language, etc.
- Nivkh language (isolate) (1)
- Sino-Tibetan family (363), including Chinese, or a group of languages
- Austroasiatic superfamily
- Proper Austroasiatic family (163), including Vietnamese
- Austronesian superfamily (1268)
- Tyrrhenian family (2) † (incl. Etruscan)
- Sumerian (isolate) † (1)
- Elamite (Isolate) † (1)
- Unclassified languages (12), including Iberian†, Cypro-Minoan†, Eteocretan†, Chattic†, Kassite† and other relict languages of Western Eurasia.
Number of language families
As of the mid 1980s.
| a family | CIS, thousand people | zarub. Europe | zarub. Asia | Eurasia | % to all |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 272492 | 488829 | 2710648 | 3471969 | 100 % |
| Indo-European | 216410 | 463712 | 793130 | 1473252 | 42,43 % |
| Sino-Tibetan | 60 | 123 | 1064110 | 1064293 | 30,65 % |
| Austronesian | 64 | 216550 | 216614 | 6,24 % | |
| Dravidian | 180355 | 180355 | 5,19 % | ||
| Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan) | 16 | 118460 | 118476 | 3,41 % | |
| Altai | 44040 | 2340 | 70010 | 116390 | 3,35 % |
| Austroasiatic | 10 | 71635 | 71645 | 2,06 % | |
| Paratai (Tai-Kadai) | 67750 | 67750 | 1,95 % | ||
| Korean | 400 | 16 | 61670 | 62086 | 1,79 % |
| Afroasian | 25 | 2400 | 55055 | 57480 | 1,66 % |
| Ural | 4475 | 18430 | 22905 | 0,66 % | |
| miao yao | 8180 | 8180 | 0,24 % | ||
| Kartvelian | 3700 | 145 | 3845 | 0,11 % | |
| North Caucasian | 3220 | 235 | 3455 | 0,10 % | |
| Papuan | 1750 | 1750 | 0,05 % | ||
| Basque | 1030 | 1030 | 0,03 % | ||
| Niger-Kordofanian | 110 | 150 | 260 | 0,01 % | |
| Burushaski (burishi) | 50 | 50 | 0 % | ||
| Chukchi-Kamchatka | 23 | 23 | 0 % | ||
| Ainu | 20 | 20 | 0 % | ||
| Nivkh | 4 | 4 | 0 % | ||
| Eskimo-Aleutian | 2 | 2 | 0 % | ||
| Andaman | 1 | 1 | 0 % | ||
| 1 | 1 | 0 % | |||
| Ket (Yenisei) | 1 | 1 | 0 % | ||
| other | 131 | 578 | 1392 | 2101 | 0,06 % |
Languages of Europe
More than 94% of the total population of Europe speaks the languages of the Indo-European family.
| a family | Group | European part CIS | overseas Europe | all Europe | % to all |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Total | 165595 | 488809 | 654404 | 100 % |
| Indo-European | 150763 | 462366 | 613129 | 93,69 % | |
| Slavic | 142460 | 82225 | 224685 | 34,33 % | |
| Romanskaya | 3148 | 179821 | 182969 | 27,96 % | |
| german | 281 | 175423 | 175704 | 26,85 % | |
| Greek | 125 | 9988 | 10113 | 1,55 % | |
| Celtic | 0 | 7520 | 7520 | 1,15 % | |
| Albanian | 3,8 | 4810 | 4814 | 0,74 % | |
| Baltic | 4324 | 12 | 4336 | 0,66 % | |
| Indo-Aryan | 158 | 2207 | 2365 | 0,36 % | |
| Armenian | 208 | 320 | 528 | 0,08 % | |
| Iranian | 55 | 40 | 95 | 0,01 % | |
| Ural | 3967 | 18430 | 22397 | 3,42 % | |
| Finno-Ugric | 3959 | 18430 | 22389 | 3,42 % | |
| samoyed | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 % | |
| Altai | 9130 | 2340 | 11470 | 1,75 % | |
| Turkic | 8978 | 2340 | 11318 | 1,73 % | |
| Mongolian | 150 | 0 | 150 | 0,02 % | |
| Tungus-Manchu | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 % | |
| Afroasian | 1463 | 3735 | 5198 | 0,79 % | |
| Jews | 1453 | 1340 | 2793 | 0,43 % | |
| Semitic | 9,6 | 2365 | 2375 | 0,36 % | |
| Cushitic | 0 | 30 | 30 | 0 % | |
| Basque | 0 | 1030 | 1030 | 0,16 % | |
| Sino-Tibetan | 5 | 123 | 128 | 0,02 % | |
| Chinese | 5 | 110 | 115 | 0,02 % | |
| Tibeto-Burmese | 0 | 13 | 13 | 0 % | |
| North Caucasian | 115 | 0 | 115 | 0,02 % | |
| Nakh-Dagestan | 98 | 0 | 98 | 0,01 % | |
| Abkhaz-Adyghe | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 % | |
| Niger-Kordofanian | 0 | 110 | 110 | 0,02 % | |
| Kartvelian | 68 | 0 | 68 | 0,01 % | |
| Austronesian | 0 | 44 | 44 | 0,01 % | |
| Korean | 33 | 16 | 49 | 0,01 % | |
| Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan) | 0,1 | 16 | 16 | 0 % | |
| Austroasiatic | 1,4 | 10 | 11 | 0 % | |
| Chukchi-Kamchatka | 0,4 | 0 | 0,4 | 0 % | |
| Eskimo-Aleutian | 0,1 | 0 | 0,1 | 0 % | |
| Nivkh | 0,1 | 0 | 0,1 | 0 % | |
| other | 49 | 589 | 638 | 0,10 % |
Asian languages
About 40% of the total population of Asia speaks Sino-Tibetan languages and 30% - languages of the Indo-European macrofamily.
As of the mid-1980s (thousand people).
| a family | Group | Asian part of the CIS | overseas Asia | all Asia | % to all |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Total | 106408 | 2710648 | 2817056 | 100 % |
| Sino-Tibetan | 55 | 1064109 | 1064164 | 37,78 % | |
| Chinese | 55 | 1003630 | 1003685 | 35,63 % | |
| Tibeto-Burmese | 0 | 60479 | 1003685 | 2,15 % | |
| Indo-European | 63394 | 793126 | 856520 | 30,40 % | |
| Indo-Aryan | 72 | 719566 | 719638 | 25,55 % | |
| Iranian | 4122 | 71460 | 75582 | 2,68 % | |
| Slavic | 53273 | 95 | 53368 | 1,89 % | |
| Armenian | 4292 | 660 | 4952 | 0,18 % | |
| german | 1699 | 475 | 2174 | 0,08 % | |
| Greek | 222 | 660 | 882 | 0,03 % | |
| Nuristani | 0 | 145 | 145 | 0,01 % | |
| Romanskaya | 87 | 50 | 137 | 0 % | |
| Baltic | 76 | 0 | 76 | 0 % | |
| Albanian | 0,2 | 15 | 15 | 0 % | |
| Austronesian | 0 | 216550 | 216550 | 7,69 % | |
| Malayo-Polynesian | 0 | 216180 | 216180 | 7,68 % | |
| Taiwanese | 0 | 370 | 370 | 0,01 % | |
| Dravidian | 0 | 180355 | 180355 | 6,40 % | |
| South | 0 | 112415 | 112415 | 3,99 % | |
| southeastern | 0 | 60000 | 60000 | 2,13 % | |
| Gondwanan | 0 | 3770 | 3770 | 0,13 % | |
| northeastern | 0 | 1710 | 1710 | 0,06 % | |
| southwestern | 0 | 1502 | 1502 | 0,05 % | |
| Northwestern | 0 | 765 | 765 | 0,03 % | |
| Central | 0 | 191 | 191 | 0 % | |
| Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan) | 0,7 | 118460 | 118461 | 4,21 % | |
| Altai | 34911 | 70006 | 104917 | 3,72 % | |
| Turkic | 34476 | 59756 | 94232 | 3,35 % | |
| Mongolian | 380 | 5729 | 6109 | 0,22 % | |
| Tungus-Manchu | 56 | 4521 | 4577 | 0,16 % | |
| Austroasiatic | 1,4 | 71632 | 71633 | 2,54 % | |
| Mon-Khmer | 1,4 | 63072 | 63073 | 2,24 % | |
| Munda | 0 | 8535 | 8535 | 0,30 % | |
| Nicobar | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 % | |
| Paratai (Tai-Kadai) | 0 | 67745 | 67745 | 2,40 % | |
| Thai | 0 | 65094 | 65094 | 2,31 % | |
| Dong Shui | 0 | 1755 | 1755 | 0,06 % | |
| Kadaiskaya | 0 | 896 | 896 | 0,03 % | |
| Korean | 367 | 61670 | 62037 | 2,20 % | |
| Afroasian | 362 | 55185 | 55547 | 1,97 % | |
| Semitic | 15,4 | 51600 | 51615 | 1,83 % | |
| Jewish languages | 347 | 3540 | 3887 | 0,14 % | |
| Cushitic | 0 | 45 | 45 | 0 % | |
| miao yao | 0 | 8182 | 8182 | 0,29 % | |
| Kartvelian | 3632 | 145 | 3777 | 0,13 % | |
| North Caucasian | 3099 | 235 | 3334 | 0,12 % | |
| Nakh-Dagestan | 2479 | 5 | 2484 | 0,09 % | |
| Abkhaz-Adyghe | 619 | 230 | 849 | 0,03 % | |
| Papuan | 0 | 1750 | 1750 | 0,06 % | |
| Trans-New Guinean | 0 | 1250 | 1250 | 0,04 % | |
| West Papuan | 0 | 455 | 455 | 0,02 % | |
| other families | 0 | 45 | 45 | 0 % | |
| Ural | 504 | 0 | 504 | 0,02 % | |
| Finno-Ugric | 477 | 0 | 477 | 0,02 % | |
| samoyed | 27 | 0 | 27 | 0 % | |
| Niger-Kordofanian | 0 | 165 | 165 | 0,01 % | |
| Burushaski (burishi) | 0 | 50 | 50 | 0 % | |
| Chukchi-Kamchatka | 22,6 | 0 | 23 | 0 % | |
| Ainu | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 % | |
| Nivkh | 4,3 | 0 | 4 | 0 % | |
| Eskimo-Aleutian | 1,9 | 0 | 2 | 0 % | |
| Andaman | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 % | |
| Ket (Yenisei) | 1,1 | 0 | 1 | 0 % | |
| Yukagir (Yukaghir-Chuvan) | 0,8 | 0 | 1 | 0 % | |
| other | 91 | 1264 | 1355 | 0,05 % |
see also
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- Eurasia is the most studied continent in terms of linguogenetics, it is represented by 21 families, 4 isolates and about 12 unclassified languages.
Related concepts
There are several thousand languages in the world. The best-known reference books include only modern (that is, living and recently extinct) languages. According to the data of the Ethnologist for 2018, there are 7097 of them, and according to the Register of the Linguistic Sphere (English) - 4994. Most of them are combined into families, some languages are considered isolated (that is, they represent monolingual families) or remain unclassified.
The Yagnob language (yagnobi zivok) is the language of the Yaghnobi, the inhabitants of the Yagnob river valley in Tajikistan, who were forcibly resettled in the 70s of the 20th century in arid flat places (the so-called Hungry Steppe). It is a continuation of the Sogdian. It belongs to the northeastern subgroup of the eastern group of Iranian languages. The only other living representative of this branch of Iranian languages is the Ossetian language.
Mon-Khmer languages - a family of autochthonous languages South-East Asia. According to most linguists, together with the Munda languages, they form two main branches of the Austroasiatic family. However, this classification has been repeatedly challenged, with some linguists either reducing the number of Mon-Khmer languages (Diffloth 2005) or including the Munda languages within Mon-Khmer (Peiros 1998). The Nicobar languages, formerly often included in the Mon-Khmer, are now considered as a separate group or ...
Hausa (also Hausa-Gwandara, languages of the A.1 group; English hausa, hausa-gwandara, west chadic A.1) is a group of languages that is part of the Western Chadian sub-branch of the Western Chadian branch of the Chadic family. The area of distribution is the northern and central regions of Nigeria, as well as the regions of Niger adjacent to Nigeria (the original range of the Hausa and Gwandara languages), Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Chad, Sudan, Cameroon, Ghana, Togo and other countries. Includes two languages - Hausa and Gwandara. The total number of speakers is about ...
