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Aksyonov Vladimir Viktorovich (1935- gg.)
Short biography:
USSR cosmonaut:№36;
Astronaut of the world:№79;
Number of flights: 2;
Duration: 11 days 20 hours 11 minutes 47 seconds;
Vladimir Aksenov- 36th Soviet cosmonaut and hero of the USSR: biography with photo, space, personal life, significant dates, first flight, time in open space.
36 cosmonaut of the USSR and 79 of the world.
Aksyonov Vladimir Viktorovich was born on February 1, 1935 in the small village of Giblitsy in the Ryazyan region (then the USSR). Subsequently, the man will take the place of the 36th cosmonaut Soviet Union and 79th in the world. He will see the great cosmos twice and stay there for almost 12 days. But that's later....
After graduating from the 7th grade in his native village in 1949, the boy intended to continue his studies at the industrial technical school, which was located in the regional center. But fate decreed otherwise: his mother died, and the guy moved to the Moscow region.
After graduating from the Mytishchi Machine-Building College, in 1953 the young man continued his studies at the Kremenchuk 10th Military Aviation School for the initial training of pilots.
Having successfully graduated from it in 1955, he became a cadet of the Higher Military Aviation School in the city of Chuguev, from which he retired a year later.
The year 1963 in the life of the astronaut was marked by the end of the Polytechnic Institute, he received a diploma in mechanical engineering.
In 1981 he received a Ph.D. in technical sciences from the Institute space research.
Space
Vladimir Aksyonov received a medical clearance to fly only the second time. After him, the man more than once had to do a similar procedure. On March 27, 1973, after another successfully passed medical commission, the man was recommended before enrolling in the ranks of astronauts.
For the next two years, the man, shoulder to shoulder with L. Kizim, trained on the 7K-S aircraft. The purpose of creating this ship was military-technical research and experiments in an autonomous field. Later, the ship began to deliver crews to orbital stations. Also, the man trained with V. Bykovsky.
As part of the Intercosmos program held in September 1976, Vladimir Aksenov spent 7 days in outer space. The man served as a flight engineer of the Soyuz-22 spacecraft with the call sign Yastreb-2.
After 4 years, a similar experience was repeated in the life of Vladimir Viktorovich. As the same flight engineer, but already on the Soyuz T-2, the cosmonaut successfully docked from the orbital complex in which the crew of the main expedition was located. This time, the call sign "Jupiter-2" spent almost 4 days in space.
Having finished the stage space flights, the man continued to work in this area, preparing new astronauts.
In 1988, Vladimir Aksenov left their ranks.
Free time former cosmonaut likes to spend variety. The list of his hobbies included literature and music, mountain tourism and athletics. Also, the man does not miss the opportunity to play tennis or football.
Personal life
Zhivoglyadov Viktor Stepanovich - father, died heroically in the war in 1944.
Aksenova Alexandra Ivanovna - mother, died when the future cosmonaut was 14 years old.
Aksenova (nee Fedorova) Marina Vasilievna - wife, born in 1937, now retired. The astronaut gave birth to two sons.
Aksenov Valery Vladimirovich - son, born in 1964, employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Aksenov Sergey Vladimirovich – son, born in 1970, doctor.
He was born on February 1, 1935 in the village of Giblitsy, now the Giblitsy rural settlement of the Kasimovsky district of the Ryazan region. Russian. In 1949, he graduated from the seventh grade of a school in the village of Giblitsy and entered an industrial technical school in the city of Kasimov. In the same year, he moved to the city of Kaliningrad (now Korolev) in the Moscow Region. In 1953 he graduated from the Mytishchi Engineering College.
In 1953-1955 he studied at the 10th Military Aviation School for Initial Pilot Training in the city of Kremenchug (Poltava region of the Ukrainian SSR). In 1955 he became a cadet of the Chuguev Higher Military Aviation Pilot School, but in 1956 he was transferred to the reserve. In 1963 he graduated from the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic Institute with a degree in Engineering Technology, Machine Tools and Tools.
Since January 30, 1957, he worked as a designer of the 3rd category in the 5th department of OKB-1 (now - OAO RSC Energia named after S.P. Korolev). On August 18, 1957, he was transferred to the 18th department, where he first worked as a designer of the 3rd category, then of the 2nd category (from October 9, 1957), 1st category (from November 1, 1959), design engineer (from 1 February 1962), senior design engineer (since July 1, 1963). From October 16, 1964, he worked as a senior engineer in the 90th department, from August 2, 1966 - the head of the group of the 732nd department, from August 7, 1967 - the head of the group of the 731st department of OKB-1.
From August 2, 1968 - Lead Engineer, from February 23, 1970 - Head of the Flight Test Laboratory of the 731st Department of OKB-1. He supervised the flight test laboratory created on the Tu-104 aircraft, designed to create artificial weightlessness. He was engaged in the evaluation, design and experimental testing of spacecraft compartments. He practiced the actions of astronauts in outer space, including the transition from ship to ship, in conditions of artificial weightlessness and lunar gravity. On a simulator aircraft, he made 250 flights, 1250 times he was in artificial weightlessness (about 10 hours) and 150 times in lunar gravity (about 40 minutes).
Passed a medical examination at the Institute of Biomedical Problems only the second time. After that, he passed the annual medical commission, since the conclusion on suitability was given for only one year. On February 24, 1972, he received another conclusion from the Main Medical Commission on his fitness for special training. At a meeting of the State Interdepartmental Commission on March 27, 1973, he was recommended for admission to the cosmonaut corps.
From January 1974 to January 1976 he was trained for flight on the 7K-S transport ship in the crew together with L. D. Kizim. At the same time, he led a group of civilian flight engineers trained under this program. Initially, the 7K-S was developed as a ship for conducting military-technical research and experiments in autonomous flight, then, since 1974, for delivering crews to orbital stations. From January to June 1976, he was trained as a flight engineer for the first crew under the test program for the MKF-6 multi-zone camera (manufactured in the GDR), together with V.F. Bykovsky.
The first flight
Soyuz-22 crew V. Aksenov (left) and V. Bykovsky
From September 15 to September 23, 1976, as a flight engineer of the Soyuz-22 spacecraft, together with V. F. Bykovsky. The flight was carried out as part of the Interkosmos program.
Call sign: "Hawk-2".
Cosmonauts V. V. Aksenov and V. F. Bykovsky
The flight duration was 7 days 21 hours 52 minutes 17 seconds.
Vladimir Aksenov and Valery Bykovsky after landing the Soyuz-22 descent vehicle
From September 1976 to October 1978 he continued training in the 7K-ST group ("Soyuz T").
From October 1978 to May 1980, he was trained as a flight engineer of the Soyuz T spacecraft under the program of the first test flight, together with Yu. Malyshev.
Second flight
From June 5 to June 9, 1980, as a flight engineer of the Soyuz T-2 TC (6th visiting expedition), together with Yu. V. Malyshev.
The crew of the Soyuz T-2 spacecraft:
ship commander Lieutenant Colonel Yu. V. Malyshev (left) and
Flight Engineer Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union V. V. Aksenov
The ship was docked with the orbital research complex Salyut-6 - Soyuz-36, on which the crew of the main expedition (L. I. Popov, V. V. Ryumin) worked.
Call sign: "Jupiter-2".
The flight duration was 3 days 22 hours 19 minutes 30 seconds.
The total duration of two flights into space is 11 days 20 hours 11 minutes 47 seconds.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the SSR of June 16, 1980, for the successful testing in space of the improved Soyuz T-2 transport ship and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second Gold Star medal (No. 110 / II ).
Star City. Our families at the monument to Yuri Gagarin.
The Malyshev family - Nadezhda Malysheva, son Andrei and daughter Natasha (left).
The Aksenov family - Marina Aksenova, sons Valery and Sergey (right).
After the flight, he continued to work at the Yu. A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, participated in the training of crews for new space flights. Since October 16, 1984, he worked as an instructor-test cosmonaut of the 2nd class, deputy head of complex No. 3. He was engaged in the development of control systems, docking and descent of spacecraft and orbital stations. He was expelled from the cosmonaut corps on October 17, 1988 due to retirement and transfer to another job.
Yuri Malyshev, Vladimir Aksenov and Alexei Leonov at a festive meeting in the Kremlin
In October 1988, he became director of the State Research Center for the Study natural resources, who was engaged in the design of automatic spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth. In 1990-1992 he was the general director of the NPO Planeta. In 1990-1996 he was Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Mosbusinessbank.
In 1983-1992 he was Deputy Chairman of the Board of the Soviet Peace Fund, since 1992 - Deputy Chairman of the International Association of Peace Foundations, Chairman of the Standing Committee on the problems of "Peace and Sustainable Development". Since 1996 he has been chairman of the presidium public organization «
spiritual movement Russia". Since 2001, he has been the president of the Institute for Security and Sustainable Development Research Foundation.
Family status:
Father- Zhivoglyadov Viktor Stepanovich, died in 1944.
Mother- Aksenova Alexandra Ivanovna, (1907 - 1949), accountant of agricultural cooperation.
Brother- Aksenov Valentin Andreevich, born in 1940, head of the TsNIIMash group.
Wife- Aksenova (Fedorova) Marina Vasilievna. Born in 1937, head of the NPO Energia sector, retired.
Son- Aksenov Valery Vladimirovich, born in 1964, employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Son— Aksenov Sergey Vladimirovich, born in 1970, doctor.
Social and political activities:
In 1983 - 1992 he was Deputy Chairman of the Board of the Soviet Peace Fund, since 1992 - Deputy Chairman of the International Association of Peace Foundations (IAPM), Chairman of the Standing Committee on the problems of "Peace and Sustainable Development" IAPM.
Since 1996, he has been the chairman of the presidium of the public organization Spiritual Movement of Russia.
Since 2001, he has been the president of the Institute for Security and Sustainable Development Research Foundation.
Works as an adviser to the head of the city of Korolev.
Honorary titles and awards:
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (09/28/1976 and 06/16/1980),
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR (1976),
Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.
Honorary citizen of Ryazan (November 29, 1976).
Candidate of Technical Sciences (1981).
He was awarded two medals "Gold Star" and Orders of Lenin (1976, 1980), medal "Veteran of Labour".
He was also awarded the gold medal "For Services to Science and Humanity" (Czechoslovakia), the Order of Karl Marx (GDR, 10/13/1976).
He was awarded the medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 436 of April 12, 2011).
Publications:
Author of the pamphlet Illusion of Security, published by the publishing house of the newspaper Patriot (1999), devoted to the problems of application nuclear weapons in modern military doctrines.
Has more than 10 inventions.
Used sources:
1. Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov [Electronic resource]. - 2014 - Access mode: http://ru.wikipedia.org
2. Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov [Electronic resource]. - 2014 - Access mode: http://astronaut.ru
3. Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov [Electronic resource]. - 2014 - Access mode:
MOSCOW, July 1 - RIA Novosti, Alexander Kovalev. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut Vladimir Aksenov, on the day of the death of Yuri Gagarin, who, on March 27, 1968, underwent a pre-flight medical examination with him at the airport, but flew on another plane, for the first time presented the most plausible and not yet officially voiced version of the MiG-fighter plane crash 15 UTI, which ended the life of the first cosmonaut of the planet and the commander of the flight regiment of the Cosmonaut Training Center Vladimir Seregin.
The reasons for the death of Yuri Gagarin, Vladimir Aksenov, outlined in the book "Roads of Trials", which was published in a limited edition. The pilot-cosmonaut handed over one copy of the publication with an autograph to the correspondent of RIA Novosti at the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics.
Gagarin and Aksyonov underwent a medical examination together, but flew on different planes
“The presented version was first formulated in the first days after the death of the crew by the Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot, member of the State Commission for the Investigation of the Air Crash, Sergei Anokhin. He was one of the first to tell it to me, not only because we were in very close friendly relations and understood a lot related to aviation from a half-word, but probably also because on that tragic day, together with Yuri Gagarin, I had to dress for flights in the same room in the morning, undergo the necessary pre-flight examination from the same doctor and receive information about the weather situation from the same meteorologist ", - recalls Aksenov.
According to him, after that, the crews went to different planes: Yuri Gagarin - together with Vladimir Seregin - to perform a control flight on the MiG-15, and Aksenov - to another plane, on which weightlessness training took place that day.
Causes of the crash: difficult weather conditions
The pilot-cosmonaut clarifies that the weather conditions on the day of the crash were difficult, but quite acceptable for flight missions.
"The cloudiness that day was unusual: the lower edge of almost continuous clouds was at a height of about 600 meters above the ground. Then, up to a height of 4 thousand meters, the cloudiness was dense, with small discharges. There were no clouds above the upper edge: clear sky and very good visibility. We they even showed photographs of the upper edge taken from a meteorological reconnaissance aircraft," Aksyonov notes.
Gagarin's last words
According to him, the last message from Yuri Gagarin's plane was that they, together with Vladimir Seregin, had completed the flight mission, which was carried out above the top edge of the clouds, that is, at an altitude of more than 4 kilometers.
Aksenov believes that the pilots made their message, most likely, after leaving the final figure, at low speed in a calm flight, but still at a fairly high altitude. After that, they had to perform a significant descent, and then prepare and pass the cloud layer.
A few minutes left before Gagarin's death
"The descent from the piloting zone can be performed in different ways: either in a downward spiral for several circles, or by making a roll over from a dive towards the airfield. The second method - intensive rollover descent - is used by many pilots who need to quickly complete their task and provide the aircraft to other pilots And on that day, cosmonaut Yevgeny Khrunov was also supposed to fly, so there were motives for the most rapid descent, "says Aksenov.
In his opinion, having completed the coup, Gagarin and Seregin lingered for two or three seconds with the exit from the dive and unexpectedly fell into a layer of continuous cloud cover. Aksyonov clarifies that other circumstances could also become prerequisites for getting into dense clouds after the rollover: an increase in the height and density of cloudiness compared to its general level at the place where the aircraft entered it, or an insufficient initial height of the MiG-15 entering the rollover.
Causes of the plane crash according to Aksenov
"Thus, the cause of the disaster could be a complicated meteorological situation with the location of the upper edge of continuous cloudiness at an altitude of about 4 kilometers, and the lower edge at an altitude of only 600 meters from the ground; underestimation by pilots, primarily Vladimir Seregin, of the complexity of the existing meteorological situation, and also came as a surprise to the pilots getting into continuous clouds at high speed in the mode of intensive descent, and, as a result, the impossibility of stable piloting on instruments. Another reason for the crash was the lack of height from the bottom edge of the clouds to the withdrawal of the aircraft from a dive, "concludes Aksenov.
Stall in a tailspin and the death of the crew
The most probable outcome of an unexpected aircraft hit in dense clouds at high speed without stable operation of attitude instruments, primarily the artificial horizon, was the aircraft being pulled into a deep downward spiral, or, with intensive attempts to go up, a breakdown into a high-speed spin.
According to the official data of the investigation, the plane with Gagarin and Seregin, after leaving the clouds, went to the ground almost vertically at a speed of about 700 kilometers per hour. At this speed, the MiG-15 flew 600 meters remaining to the ground in about three seconds.
They didn't try to eject from the plane.
“The absence of attempts to eject both Gagarin and Seregin, as well as attempts to get in touch, can be explained by the fact that getting into the clouds was a surprise for them, and after that they both tried to find a way out of the situation. If the emergency was connected with some external cause, the pilots would immediately report it by radio," Aksyonov is sure.
He also notes that vertical aerobatics on a heavy MiG-15 UTI aircraft is a very difficult task.
"At the bottom point of the performance of figures and coups, the speed of the aircraft is almost maximum - about 700 kilometers per hour. On the MiG-15, with an intensive descent, it is quite possible to slip through an extra few hundred meters and even a kilometer," concludes Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, cosmonaut Vladimir Aksenov .
Reports of the state commission on the death of Gagarin are still classified
At the same time, the governmental state commission, which scrupulously studied all the circumstances of the death of the first cosmonaut of the planet, could not unambiguously explain the causes of the tragedy, and its report is still classified.
Briefly, the official conclusions are as follows: the crew, due to the air situation that changed in flight (details were not specified), made a sharp maneuver and fell into a tailspin. Trying to bring the car into level flight, the pilots collided with the ground and died. No failures or malfunctions of equipment were found. Chemical analysis the remains and blood of the pilots did not reveal any foreign substances.
Aksyonov denied rumors that Gagarin and Seregin had taken a glass of vodka before the flight
The atmosphere of secrecy gave rise to a lot of incredible rumors. One of them, which received wide popular recognition, boils down to the fact that Gagarin and Seregin took a glass of vodka before the flight. According to official sources, this version is refuted by the conclusion that alcohol was not detected in the blood of both pilots. Vladimir Aksenov also categorically rejects it.
“Knowing the complexity and responsibility of that flying day for Yuri Gagarin, we all who knew the situation from the inside, as well as all the pilots, all the gossip and discussion that Gagarin and Seregin allegedly went on a flight drunk seem wild,” notes Aksenov.
Folk versions of the tragedy
There is an unofficial version that Gagarin had a conflict with the country's top leadership, and the disaster was set up by KGB specialists, whose agents took an active part in the investigation of what happened. There are still rumors that the officially declared catastrophe is a falsification of the authorities, but in fact Gagarin was secretly arrested by special services and, after plastic surgery on his face, was placed in one of the provincial psychiatric hospitals, where he later died.
A number of "researchers" claim that Gagarin himself staged the catastrophe by simulating his death, after which he lived for many years under a false name in a village in the Orenburg region, where he died as a result of a hunting accident as an elderly man. Another version of the so-called small "Soviet lunar conspiracy" contains justifications and a number of arguments in favor of the fact that Gagarin died not during a training flight on the MiG-15, but a few days earlier, during the launch of a new secret spacecraft as part of the USSR program for the exploration of the moon.
Cosmonaut: Aksenov Vladimir Viktorovich (02/01/1935)
- 36th cosmonaut of Russia (79th in the world)
- Flight duration (1976): 7 days 21 hours 52 minutes, Hawk-2
- Flight duration (1980): 3 days 22 hours 19 minutes, "Jupiter-2"
Vladimir Viktorovich was born on February 1, 1935 in a village called Giblitsy, located within the Ryazan region. He graduated from seven classes of a local school, after which in 1949 he was enrolled in the engineering college of the city of Mytishchi. Having completed special education 1953, he entered the pilot school (VASHPOL) in Kremenchug, Ukrainian SSR. From 1955 to 1956, he served in the aviation school of the city of Chuguev, where cosmonaut Georgy Dobrovolsky had previously served. However, Vladimir Aksenov did not manage to graduate from college due to the reduction air force and his premature demobilization.
At the beginning of 1957, the future cosmonaut got a job as a designer at the OKB-1 rocket-building enterprise, today - RSC Energia. In 1963, he completed his education in the field of “Mechanical Engineering Technologies” at the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic University in the capital of the USSR, in the same year he became a design engineer.
space career
In February 1972, from the second time, Vladimir Viktorovich managed to pass a medical commission in order to have access to special training. Two years later, Vladimir Aksenov was already undergoing training for space missions.
The first flight
On September 15, 1976, the Soyuz-22 spacecraft was launched from the Earth, on board of which were the crew commander Valery Bykovsky and onboard engineer Vladimir Aksenov.
The ship was equipped with a six-lens camera MKF-6, which was a joint project of the GDR and the USSR. During the week, the astronauts photographed the surface of our planet using the IFF-6. The camera covered not only the visible, but the infrared region of electromagnetic radiation. After this experiment, a modified version of such a camera was installed on board the Earth orbital station Salyut-6. Today, multispectral cameras such as MKF-6 are used for satellite imagery.
For a week's stay in Earth's orbit and holding scientific research cosmonaut Aksyonov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as well as Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
Second flight
On June 5, 1980, Vladimir Viktorovich took off as a flight engineer on the Soyuz T-2 spacecraft. The crew commander was Yuri Malyshev, who left the Earth for the first time. The task of the astronauts was to test the modified ship, as well as docking with the Salyut-6 station. The ship was equipped with an updated automatic docking system, which malfunctioned during the docking. As a result, a manual docking was successfully completed. Having noted all the shortcomings in the design and mechanism of the spacecraft, on June 9 the Soyuz T-2 crew returned to Earth.
For the courage and masculinity shown during the space mission, Vladimir Aksenov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the second time.
Future life
In 1981, a year after the completion of his last space flight, cosmonaut Aksenov defended his thesis for a candidate of technical sciences at the Institute of Space Research. Until 1988, Vladimir Viktorovich continued to serve in the cosmonaut corps, at the same time he continued to work as a designer at NPO Energia. In 1988, he left the cosmonaut corps and got a job as director of the Research Institute for the Study of Natural Resources, where spacecraft were designed for remote sensing of our planet. Since 1983, he had a senior position in the Soviet Peace Foundation (since 1992, this name has been the International Association of Peace Foundations), from 1990 to 1992 he was the general director of the Planet NGO. Since 1996 - Chairman of the Spiritual Movement of Russia. And since 2001, Vladimir Aksenov has been the president of a foundation called the Institute for Security Problems and Sustainable Development.
Pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Vladimir Viktorovich Aksenov was born on February 1, 1935 in the village of Gibnitsy, Kasimovsky district, Ryazan region.
Childhood and youth
His parents were ordinary people from the most ordinary peasant family. Father - Viktor Stepanovich Zhivoglyadov worked as a tractor driver on a state farm, died at the front in 1944. Mother - Aksenova Alexandra Ivanovna worked as an accountant for agricultural cooperatives and died of a serious illness in 1949. The boy had just completed the seven-year school and, left an orphan, together with his younger brother, moved to his mother's family in the Mytishchi region. Viktor Aksenov studied very well at school, he especially liked to tinker with equipment, so he easily entered the Mytishchi Machine-Building College.
Dream come true
Everything related to aviation has always attracted a young man, and after graduating from a technical school in 1953, he enters the Kremenchug military aviation school, and finishes military training at the Chuguev aviation school in 1956. Receives an offer of a prestigious and responsible job in a "mailbox" that has just begun its work - OKB visual memory. Participated in the development and testing of important direction as airborne and ground antenna devices. In parallel with his work, Vladimir Viktorovich Aksenov is studying in absentia at the All-Union polytechnic institute and in 1963 becomes a certified specialist.
For almost 20 years, Aksenov has been working at the Design Bureau, taking part in the development of the first Soviet spacecraft - Voskhod, Vostok, Soyuz. In the cosmonaut corps The need to study the technical parameters of space flights, especially when conducting sessions in open space, required the involvement of not just test pilots, but scientific and engineering personnel as cosmonauts. All candidates were also carefully selected.
Aksyonov entered the cosmonaut corps in March 1973, this was the third set. Within 2 years, from 1974 to 1976, he completed all the necessary training courses for the program of the new Soyuz-T spacecraft. On September 15, 1976, the Soyuz-22 launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. The crew consisted of the commander of the ship V.F. Bykovsky and flight engineer V.V. Aksenova. The flight lasted 8 days, from 15 to 23 September. The space experiment "Rainbow", which was carried out on the Soyuz-22 spacecraft, was dedicated to cooperation between the USSR and the GDR within the framework of the Intercosmos program.
It was necessary to carry out multizonal photography of the Earth's surface to study natural resources. The ship circled our planet 127 times during the flight. The task assigned to the astronauts was excellently accomplished, all systems worked normally. The MKF-6 equipment, which was used for multi-zone space photography of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, proved to be excellent. The development of this method was later successfully used in the national economy. The crew of the Soyuz-22 spacecraft was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded with Orders Lenin and the Golden Star.
Second space flight
Vladimir Aksenov prepared for the next flight into space for two years - from 1976 to 1978. The flight was carried out from June 5 to 9, 1980. The crew of the Soyuz T - 2 spacecraft consisted of the commander of the spacecraft, Yuri Malyshev, and the board engineer, Vladimir Aksenov. For Malyshev it was the first flight. Aksenov's call sign on this flight was Jupiter-2. The space flight program involved testing a new modification of the Soyuz T transport spacecraft.
The main task of the new ship was to work out the process of docking in open space. AT this case docking was to take place between the research complex "Salyut-6" and the transport spacecraft of the new type "Soyuz T". Automatic docking failed, the spacecraft had to be docked to the station manually, but the main task of the flight was completed. The peculiarity of this flight was that for the first time in the world the spacecraft was controlled by an onboard computer.
The Americans only a year later were able to launch the Shuttle into space with an on-board computer. Also for the first time docking between spaceships was carried out in manual mode, and after that the accumulated material on the parameters appeared in order to allow other crews to carry out manual docking. An emergency situation occurred during the landing of the descent vehicle to Earth. Instead of the “soft landing” required by the program, the device made five powerful jumps across the steppe. As Aksenov later recalled, there was no such landing either before or after their flight.
For their courage and heroism, the cosmonauts after returning to Earth were awarded the Orders of Lenin and the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimir Aksenov received these awards and the title for the second time. In 1988, Aksenov left the cosmonaut corps and moved to leadership work in scientific organizations. Since 1996, Vladimir Aksenov has been the head of the public organization Spiritual Movement of Russia. In 2011, a bust of V. V. Aksyonov was erected in Ryazan.
