Alexander Archakov scientific supervisor of the research institute. Scientific and social activities

With a given level of selectivity and led to the emergence of fundamentally new technologies for the synthesis and analysis of medicinal compounds.

Author of over 350 scientific publications and 6 monographs; supervisor of 60 candidate and 15 doctoral works.
Monographs:
"Microsomal Oxidation", 1975, Nauka, Moscow
"Oxygenases of Biological Membranes", 1983, Nauka, Moscow
"Cholesterol", 1984, Gordon & Breach, Amsterdam
"Cytochrome P450 and Active Oxygen", 1990, Taylor & Francis, London

Recognition of professional merit:
1982 - A.N. Bach Prize of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR;
1983 - State Prize of the USSR;
1989 - State Prize of the RSFSR;
1998 - State Prize of the Russian Federation;
2000 - Order for Merit to the Fatherland (IV Degree);
2002 - Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation;
2007 - Order for Merit to the Fatherland (III Degree).

Academician ALEXANDER ARCHAKOV is a member of the International Organizing Committees on microsomal oxidation; Biophysics and Biochemistry Cytochrome P 450;
Scientific Council of the International Human Proteome Organization (HUPO)
and the European Academy of Sciences.

Editor in Chief<Биомедицинская Химия>;
Section editor-in-chief<Нанопротеомика>magazine

Alexander Ivanovich, great importance is attached to the development of nanotechnologies all over the world. Russia is no exception.
In 2007, the Federal target program <Развитие инфраструктуры наноиндустрии РФ на 2008-2010 годы>.
What prospects for humanity lie behind the term<нанотехнологии>?

like graphite

and a diamond.
Chemists know that these are inert materials.

And then nanomaterials appeared - fullerenes and dendrimers. Chemical composition they have the same - carbon, and the physico-chemical properties are fundamentally different, unique.

What is their difference?

Unlike graphite and diamond, they are active. The difference is that in nanomaterials, due to the small particle size, all atoms and molecules are on the surface of the structure, giving it reactivity. And in conventional materials, they are mainly located inside.

Fullerenes (the most studied molecule is C 60, which has 60 interconnected carbon atoms in its design) restore cellular damage from reactive oxygen species, have antibacterial and antiviral properties.
In a number of experiments on model objects, they showed antitumor activity.

Dendrimers (from the Greek dendron - tree) - belong to the class of polymeric compounds. Their molecules are big number branches, which makes it possible to attach medicinal compounds to them for delivery to biotargets, including cancer cells.
Nanobiotechnology is a multidisciplinary field in which nanotechnological methods and approaches are used to create nanodevices for studying biosystems. The possibilities of using living systems to create such devices are also being studied.

What successes have already been achieved?

Molecular biologists and biochemists have long ago learned how to manipulate billions and trillions of macromolecules with the help of macro- and microtechnologies. But until recently, scientists could only work with such high concentrations. For example, billions of molecules were needed to measure the activity of an enzyme. Now one molecule is enough for this. With the development of nanotechnologies, devices have appeared, thanks to which we can purposefully manipulate individual atoms, molecules, viruses, microorganisms and other particles: see them, count them, diagnose the state of the body based on them.
This is a different world. And completely different possibilities.
Besides, distinctive feature of some nanostructures is their ability to self-assemble and, quite possibly, to self-reproduce in the near future, which will fill the gap that exists between living and non-living systems. Even now, for most scientists, it seems insurmountable. And such genomic self-reproducing structures have already been synthesized.

The main component of nanobiotechnologies is medical. How will medicine change with their development?

Such technologies underlie many of the latest medical techniques.
They are applicable in diagnostics for the production and transport of drugs; in the development of nanomaterials; to create nanorobots. This determined the emergence of a new industry - nanomedicine. Its development will make it possible to control human biological systems on molecular level, make corrections to them, restore damage with the help of nanomaterials and nanodevices.
For example, high-precision analytical technologies are involved in nanodiagnostics, which allow using atomic force, scanning electron microscopes, biosensors to identify single molecules in a biomaterial, concentrate and identify functionally significant ones, and register individual immune complexes. In the near future, these methods will become a powerful tool for diagnosing oncological, cardiovascular, infectious, endocrine diseases, and, first of all, HIV infections, viral hepatitis at the earliest stages.

What is the role of proteomic analysis here?

As you know, it is the work of proteins that determines the functions, vital activity and diseases of the body. Proteomic analysis makes it possible to diagnose the development of pathologies in the body at an early stage and to register new target proteins (biomarkers) that may be of great diagnostic and therapeutic value. This is especially important for oncology, because early diagnosis of cancer is one of the main problems. modern medicine. And here certain hopes are pinned on nanotechnologies.
If we talk about treatment, then nanomaterials have already appeared, from which nanodrugs are made - new generation drugs. Data have been obtained on the possibility of using nanoparticles to create effective vaccines. New transport nanosystems (containers) have been developed for drug delivery to target organs. These developments make it possible to increase the solubility, bioavailability, therapeutic possibilities of drugs, reduce doses and side effects, significantly reducing the drug load on the body.
Promising for therapy, surgery, and traumatology is the creation of biocompatible nanomaterials for a wide range of applications (from dentistry to bone tissue restoration) with substitutive properties. I mean, the technology is there. There are many backlogs that are being developed. It is necessary that the scientific and medical community turn to face them.

Is it possible to prevent diseases with the help of nanotechnology?

Undoubtedly. A preventive measure is genomic analysis. This is what predictive medicine does.
Genomic analysis is the scientific prediction of what might happen in a healthy organism in the future. Now, with its help, predisposition to certain diseases is predicted, but these are still isolated studies.

Professor Vadim Markovich Govorun and I from the Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation five years ago could begin the genetic certification of the Russian population. Such a project has been proposed. Who gave money? Nobody. And this approach is the basis of modern prevention.
New attempts are now being made to do something similar. But I wouldn't do it now.

I am often asked what medicines are available in Russia. I can say what kind of generics we have, since the population in Russia mainly uses generics - drugs created several decades ago. Manufacturers and suppliers are guided by them, because they can make money faster.
But it is impossible to enter the international market with generics. Are we really going to make them cheaper than the Chinese and Indians, who have declared their production to be state priorities? Never. It is clear that they will kill us on generics. Therefore, the development of new original drugs is needed. Let them be 1-2 per year. This is enough to give us a good perspective.

What is needed for this?

We need qualified expertise of the developments available in the country, we need to master new technologies for creating drugs, to study international rules. You need to know the global pharmaceutical market well.
It is necessary to forget about political issues for a while. In our country, any issue is a political one. Why don't we have our own recombinant insulin? About 20 - 25 years ago, they began to discuss the need to produce their own medicine for diabetes, created it, tried to open production: Result? We buy abroad.
We still don't have government priorities in the field of medicines.
... Everyone says: we need our own substances for medicines. But I doubt that this is possible on a large scale. And if you start discussing this, then again, you need to understand what substances are needed. Again, the question of scientifically based priorities arises. It is necessary to know which of the existing substances meet modern requirements, which are hopelessly outdated, and which ones can be dispensed with. For example, America purchases 60% of its substances from other countries. There are many companies that make these ingredients very pure and cheap. And our officials say: "What if there is a war tomorrow?"
And then, to create substances, it is also necessary to develop new technologies. But we can't even agree on what we need.
Once in the Soviet Union there were three priorities: space, nuclear weapon, and oddly enough, antibiotics. In the production of antibiotics, we ranked second in the world: we fully provided for ourselves and third countries. What we can't work professionally? Can.

Then yes. And now?

And now we can. For example, a partner of the Institute for the creation and production of new drugs is a pharmaceutical company<Фармстандарт>. The company ranks first among Russian drug manufacturers and second in the list of all pharmaceutical companies, including foreign ones working on Russian market. This year it was recognized as the best new company in the field of healthcare and medicine on the London Stock Exchange. In the IPO market, its capital was estimated at 2.2 billion dollars. This has never happened in the Soviet Union or in Russia.
The company recently completed the construction of a pharmaceutical plant in Kursk, modernized it in accordance with GMP (-<Надлежащая производственная практика>for the production of medicinal products). Now he is completing the construction of a pharmaceutical plant in Ufa. So we can.

Your Institute today has one of the best material and technical bases among the institutes. How did you do it?

You could say it was a happy coincidence.
We succeeded when Valentin Ivanovich Pokrovsky, an ardent supporter of the international scientific project, was the President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences<ПРОТЕОМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА>.

Support in this matter was provided by VV Putin, who was then prime minister.
And in 2001, within the framework of the Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Program
< Протеомика для медицины и биотехнологий>we received very good money for the equipment of laboratories working in this area. Indeed, as our Center for Proteomic Research is equipped, only a few more centers in the US and Europe can be staffed.

And the money is still coming to us. We are the Russian division of an international organization<ПРОТЕОМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА>(HUPO), in fact, the Russian Regional Proteomic Center.

What is the duration of the Program?

Until 2011. But now the funding mechanism is changing. As such, we will not have a budget. Subsidiary financing is planned for all state academies Sciences. And what it is is not entirely clear.

What stage is it in now?

HUPO announced that over the past five years, 5,000 proteins have been identified in plasma. But I think even less. According to various sources, including ours, there should be at least 2 million proteins in total. In how many years it will be possible to identify the next 1,950 thousand is hard to say. New technologies, more high-speed devices are needed. Nanotechnology is indispensable here.
At the same time, a new priority appeared - the "HUMAN PROTEOM" project, by analogy with the "HUMAN GENOME" project. The situation strongly resembles 1991-1992. - the beginning of the genome project. Unfortunately, Russia did not take part in the implementation of the genomic project, which had a bad effect on the prestige of our science in the world. The same cannot be allowed to happen to the proteomic project.

The journal announces a new section - Nanoproteomics, and you have been appointed its editor-in-chief. What do you expect from this job?

The most the main objective section - to ensure the speedy introduction of nanotechnology in proteomics. In my opinion, further progress in proteomics, and especially medical proteomics, will depend on this.
To this end, we are preparing a special issue of the journal on nanotechnologies in proteomics, which should be published in 2009-2010.

What is the staff of your Institute working on?

The first publication of the staff of our Institute in the field of nanobiotechnology was published in an international scientific journal in 1996. The first domestic biosensor appeared at our Institute in 1998. So we have a lot of experience in the nanobiotechnology industry.
I will speak only about the most significant achievements from a practical point of view.
In 2004, we introduced the original nanodrug Phosphogliv to the Russian pharmaceutical market, containing two medicinal substances - the phosphatidylcholine phospholipid and the immunostimulant glycyrrhizic acid. Both substances separately are well known in medicine, but they were used together for the first time. To create a nanoform used new technology emulsification - gas bomb with a pressure drop of 1500 at. As a result, micelles were obtained containing both substances with a size of 30-40 nm. The drug is intended for the treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis B and C, coma. Based on nanotechnology, new systems are being developed for the early diagnosis of socially significant diseases. I have given examples before.

How long did it take to create a nanodrug?

About 30 years of work. This time is not only research work but also organizational. In order for it to appear, it was necessary to take a loan from the Government of Moscow, invite specialists to work, provide them with housing, build and organize production, i.e. to do what scientists and institutes of the Academies of Sciences should not do. But there are no other ways so far in our state.

14 people returned to your Institute from abroad - the middle link with international work experience. That's a lot these days.

Yes, some came from the USA, some from Europe.
Everyone knows how to bring our scientists back from abroad. Might be harder to get their wives back:. A scientist needs an apartment, a decent salary and a good material and technical base. People just want to work and live normally.
But what are the prices in Moscow? Such, probably, only in Manhattan: Although no, there is also San Diego.

In civilized countries, more and more funds are allocated to improve the quality of human life. Russia is also trying to get involved in this process. Special hopes are placed on nanotechnologies all over the world. Do you think they will be justified?

In the EU, the USA, in other developed countries, it is really written everywhere that the main priority of the state is a person. But, often this is just a flag that is posted everywhere.

And what's the flag?

Politics. There, too, everything is politicized. Now in the EU countries, the primary scientific task is to bring the Romanian or Polish science to the level of the German one. But this is not a task for the near future.
We, too, from time to time began to remember the person as the main resource and priority of the state. But usually, money is spent inefficiently for such unspecified purposes. The flag is certainly good: everything for a person; all for the good of man: Remember, there was such an anecdote. : And it ends with:<Покажите мне этого человека>.

And, nevertheless, in spite of the above - optimism appeared - it should be noted. The priority is correct. I don't know what other branch of science could compete with nanotechnology today.
Nanomaterials occupy the first place among nanotechnologies in terms of the volume of the expected market all over the world. On the second - nanobiotechnologies, nanomedicine and on the third - nanoelectronics.
So, we are moving in the right direction, only the movement is too slow. modern science develops very quickly.
It is important not to miss the chance that we all have now.

Alexander Archakov was born on January 10, 1940 in the city of Kashin, Tver Region. Father - Archakov Ivan Ivanovich. Mother - Polonskaya Elizaveta Isaakovna. In 1962, Alexander Archakov graduated from the medical faculty of the 2nd Moscow State Medical Institute named after N.I. Pirogov and entered graduate school at the Department of Biochemistry of this university.

After graduating from graduate school in 1965, he worked as an assistant, then as a senior lecturer in the Department of Biochemistry, senior researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Enzymology and Bioenergetics, Head of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, 2nd Moscow Medical Institute named after N.I. Pirogov.

From 1989 to the present - Director of the State Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry named after V.N. Orekhovich RAMS.

A.I. Archakov is one of the world's leading experts in the field of molecular mechanisms, structure and functions of membranes and biological oxidation. Development of the main issues related to the problem of microsomal oxidation, study of the molecular organization and functioning of oxygenase cytochrome P450-containing systems, chemical mechanisms damage to membranes and methods for their effective reconstruction - these are the initial assumptions that were developed in the works of Alexander Ivanovich and his colleagues.

In the works of A.I. Archakov and colleagues carried out a comprehensive study of the family of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenase systems of biological membranes. Antigenic maps of membrane-bound bacterial cytochromes P450 were obtained by peptide scanning, which made it possible to carry out computer modeling of the spatial structures of proteins. A computer database on the cytochrome P450 family has been created, which contains information on 240 families and subfamilies of the enzyme.

Based on the study of the mechanisms of intermolecular “recognition” in the reactions of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, the regularities of the biological functioning of proteins in complex systems.

Alexander Ivanovich is one of the pioneers and an active propagandist of the ideology of “computer biochemistry”. In the works of his school built computer models spatial protein structures, antigenic “maps” of the immune determinants of the body have been created, and modern programs have been developed for a new computer design of the most important drug compounds and processes associated with their activity in the body.

Since 1989, at the Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences under the scientific and organizational leadership of A.I. Archakov, new areas of research were formed. The main vector of activity of the scientific school of A.I. Archakov is the study of the fundamental mechanisms of molecular "recognition" in multicomponent enzyme systems. On his initiative, a number of new laboratories were created at the institute, focused on solving these problems, which form the working basis of the current scientific school.

In the scientific school of A.I. Archakov, new data were obtained on the kinetics of interactions between the components of the monooxygenase system, on the influence of protein-protein interactions, and on the role of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in these interactions. Reconstruction carried out in aqueous solution in the absence of phospholipids of the cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenase system of liver microsomes. Certain regions on the surface of molecules responsible for the interaction of partner proteins of the monooxygenase system have been identified. A computer database on the families of cytochromes P-450 has been created and is constantly updated, containing the most complete information on these and related proteins. With the help of this database and a computer program developed at the Institute, the similarity of the structure of the active center of proteins of the P450 cytochrome superfamily was established.

The main methodology used to solve these problems is the study of the structural and functional organization of macromolecules, the determination of the loci responsible for intermolecular contacts, the modeling of these interactions, and the preparation of synthetic analogues of functionally important fragments. Such research became possible in connection with the development at the Institute of the most modern methods computer biochemistry, biosensor, proteomic and genetic engineering technologies.

Held in last years at the Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, research on the structural-functional and molecular-graphic design of drugs reflects the advanced level of modern bioinformatics. The practical result of these studies is the creation of new inhibitors of cytochrome P450 in mycobacterium tubercle bacillus, the design of HIV protease folding inhibitors, the computer design of synthetic hepatitis C virus vaccines, etc. These works are of decisive importance for the creation of new generation drugs, test systems and diagnostics.

Modern interests of A.I. Archakov are connected with the development of proteomics, a new field of science that makes it possible to carry out an inventory of existing proteins in the cell. The development of this area of research is aimed at obtaining basic information about the main functional structures of living systems and the creation of new diagnostic tests in oncology and new generation drugs. Since 2001, the Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences has been equipped with modern technology Russia's first center for proteomic research.

A.I. Archakov is the author of more than 350 publications, including 6 monographs: “Lipid peroxidation in biological membranes”, “Microsomal oxidation”, “Biological membrane oxygenases”, “Cholesterolosis”, “Cholesterosis: membrane cholesterol, theoretical and clinical aspects”, “Cytochrome P450 and active oxygen”.

In 1986 A.I. Archakov was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 1991 - a full member Russian Academy medical sciences. He is a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Chairman of the Interdepartmental Scientific Council for Medical Biochemistry, a member of a number of expert advice on Medical and Biological Problems at the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, member of international scientific councils on “Microsomes and drug oxidation”, “Biophysics and biochemistry of cytochrome P450”, member of the scientific council of the international organization “Human Proteome”, International Union for Biochemistry and molecular biology. Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, the Biochemical Society of Great Britain, the European Academy of Sciences.

A.I. Archakov is a laureate of the State Prize of the USSR for the series of works “Physical and chemical mechanisms of free radical lipid peroxidation in biological membranes”, a laureate of the State Prize of the RSFSR, a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the series of works “Microsomal oxidation and drug metabolism: mechanisms of oxygenase reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 and their modeling”, laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, laureate of the A.N. Bach of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR for the series of works “Microsomal oxidation”.

Lives and works in Moscow.

Laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR, the RSFSR and the Russian Federation, laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation, director of the State Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry named after V.N. Orekhovich RAMS, Academician of RAMS, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

Born on January 10, 1940 in the city of Kashin, Tver Region. Father - Archakov Ivan Ivanovich (1901-1984). Mother - Polonskaya Elizaveta Isaakovna (1901-1995). Wife - Leskova Svetlana Grigorievna (born in 1939). Daughter - Archakova Tatyana Alexandrovna (born in 1967).

In 1962, Alexander Archakov graduated from the medical faculty of the 2nd Moscow State Medical Institute named after N.I. Pirogov and entered graduate school at the Department of Biochemistry of this university.
After graduating from graduate school in 1965, he worked as an assistant, then as a senior lecturer in the Department of Biochemistry (1967-1970), a senior researcher (1970-1973), head of the laboratory of enzymology and bioenergetics (1973-1979), head of the department of biochemistry of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute named after N.I. Pirogov (1979-1989).
From 1989 to the present - Director of the State Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry named after V.N. Orekhovich RAMS.
A.I. Archakov is one of the world's leading experts in the field of molecular mechanisms, structure and function of membranes and biological oxidation. The development of the main issues related to the problem of microsomal oxidation, the study of the molecular organization and functioning of oxygenase cytochrome P450-containing systems, the chemical mechanisms of membrane damage and methods for their effective reconstruction - these are the initial assumptions that were developed in the works of Alexander Ivanovich and his colleagues.

The fundamental study of the oxidative, neutralizing function of cytochrome P450 served as the basis for the creation of a number of clinical test systems, bioreactors with a given level of selectivity, which made it possible to create fundamentally new technologies for the synthesis and analysis of medicinal compounds.
In the works of A.I. Archakov and colleagues carried out a comprehensive study of the family of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenase systems of biological membranes. Antigenic maps of membrane-bound bacterial cytochromes P450 were obtained by peptide scanning, which made it possible to carry out computer modeling of the spatial structures of proteins. A computer database on the cytochrome P450 family has been created, which contains information on 240 families and subfamilies of the enzyme.
Based on the study of the mechanisms of intermolecular "recognition" in the reactions of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, the regularities of the biological functioning of proteins in complex systems were determined.
Alexander Ivanovich is one of the pioneers and an active propagandist of the ideology of “computer biochemistry”. In the works of his school, computer models of spatial protein structures were built, antigenic “maps” of the body’s immune determinants were created, and modern programs for a new computer design of the most important drug compounds and processes associated with their activity in the body were developed.
Since 1989, at the Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences under the scientific and organizational leadership of A.I. Archakov, new areas of research were formed. The main vector of activity of the scientific school of A.I. Archakov is the study of the fundamental mechanisms of molecular "recognition" in multicomponent enzyme systems. On his initiative, a number of new laboratories were created at the institute, focused on solving these problems, which form the working basis of the current scientific school.
In the scientific school of A.I. Archakov, new data were obtained on the kinetics of interactions between the components of the monooxygenase system, on the influence of protein-protein interactions, and on the role of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in these interactions. The cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenase system of liver microsomes was reconstructed in an aqueous solution in the absence of phospholipids. Certain regions on the surface of molecules responsible for the interaction of partner proteins of the monooxygenase system have been identified. A computer database on the families of cytochromes P-450 has been created and is constantly updated, containing the most complete information on these and related proteins. With the help of this database and a computer program developed at the Institute, the similarity of the structure of the active center of proteins of the P450 cytochrome superfamily was established.
The main methodology used to solve these problems is the study of the structural and functional organization of macromolecules, the determination of the loci responsible for intermolecular contacts, the modeling of these interactions, and the preparation of synthetic analogues of functionally important fragments. Such research became possible due to the development at the Institute of the most modern methods of computer biochemistry, biosensor, proteomic and genetic engineering technologies.
The studies on the structural-functional and molecular-graphic design of drugs carried out in recent years at the Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences reflect the advanced level of modern bioinformatics. The practical result of these studies is the creation of new inhibitors of cytochrome P450 in mycobacterium tubercle bacillus, the design of HIV protease folding inhibitors, the computer design of synthetic hepatitis C virus vaccines, etc. These works are of decisive importance for the creation of new generation drugs, test systems and diagnostics.
Modern interests of A.I. Archakov are associated with the development of proteomics, a new field of science that allows for the inventory of existing proteins in the cell. The development of this area of research is aimed at obtaining basic information about the main functional structures of living systems and the creation of new diagnostic tests in oncology and new generation drugs. Since 2001, the first center for proteomic research in Russia, equipped with modern technology, has been operating at the Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
A.I. Archakov is the author of more than 350 publications, including 6 monographs: “Lipid peroxidation in biological membranes” (1972), “Microsomal oxidation” (1975), “Biological membrane oxygenases” (1983), “Cholesterolosis” (1983), “Cholesterosis : membrane cholesterol, theoretical and clinical aspects” (1984), “Cytochrome P450 and active oxygen” (1990).
Under the leadership of Alexander Ivanovich, 15 doctoral and 51 candidate's dissertations were defended.
In 1986 A.I. Archakov was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 1991 - a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. He is a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, chairman of the Interdepartmental Scientific Council on Medical Biochemistry, a member of a number of expert councils on biomedical problems under the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, a member of international scientific councils on “Microsomes and drug oxidation”, “Biophysics and biochemistry of cytochrome P450”, member of the scientific council of the international organization “Human Proteome”, International Union for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, the Biochemical Society of Great Britain, the European Academy of Sciences.
A.I. Archakov is a laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1983) for the series of works “Physical and chemical mechanisms of free radical lipid peroxidation in biological membranes”, a laureate of the State Prize of the RSFSR (1989), a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1998) for the series of works “Microsomal oxidation and drug metabolism : Mechanisms of oxygenase reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 and their modeling”, laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology (2002), laureate of the A.N. Bach of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1982) for the series of works “Microsomal oxidation”.
Awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (2000).
Lives and works in Moscow.

Alexander Ivanovich Archakov(born 1940) - Soviet and Russian biochemist, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1991), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2013), member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the A.N. Bach Prize (1982).

Biography

Born on January 10, 1940 in the town of Kashin, Kalinin (Tver) region.

In 1962, he graduated from the medical faculty of the 2nd MOLGMI named after N.I. Pirogov (now it is the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov).

In 1965, he defended his Ph.D. thesis in the field of medical sciences.

Since 1965 he has been working at the Department of Biochemistry of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology of the 2nd MOLGMI named after N.I. Pirogov, since 1979 he has been the head of the Department of Biochemistry at the IBF.

In 1973 he defended his doctoral dissertation in the field of biological sciences.

In 1976 - awarded academic title professor.

In 1986, he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.

From 1989 to January 2015 - Director of the Research Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (now it is).

Since 1991, he has been elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Since 1995 years - chief editor scientific journal"Biomedical Chemistry".

In 2011, he was elected Vice President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

In 2013 (as part of the accession of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences to the Russian Academy of Sciences) - was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Scientific and social activities

The founder of a scientific school in the field of studying the molecular organization and functioning of oxygenase cytochrome P450-containing systems, studying the molecular mechanisms of the structure and function of membranes and biological oxidation.

He proposed a scheme for the molecular organization of the liver oxygenase system, developed methods for its reconstruction from isolated proteins and lipids. Under his leadership, the staff of the Institute developed a fundamentally new drug with antiviral activity "Phosphogliv" for the treatment of liver diseases of various etiologies (Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, 2003). Currently, this drug is widely used in practical pharmacology.

Modern scientific interests A.I. Archakova are connected with research in the field of post-genomic technologies and nanobiotechnologies and proteomics, the development of approaches to the creation of personalized medicine of the future. A.I. Archakov is the founder of the development of proteomics in Russia, under his leadership the program "Proteomics in Medicine and Biothenology" was carried out, at present he is the coordinator representing Russia in the international project "Human Proteome".

Supervisor of more than 60 Ph.D. theses, scientific consultant of 15 doctoral theses.

For many years he has been working as a member of the Council of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), the Council of the President of the Russian Federation for the support of young scientists and leading scientific schools, Committee of the Federation Council on Education and Science of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Monographs

"Lipid peroxidation in biological membranes" (1972)
"Microsomal Oxidation" (1975)
"Oxygenases of biological membranes" (1983)
"Cholesterolosis" (1983)
"Cholesterosis: membrane cholesterol, theoretical and clinical aspects" (1984)
"Cytochrome P450 and active oxygen" (1990)

Citation Index

Included in the top 100 Russian scientists in terms of the Hirsch index: the number of publications - 601, citations - 8758, the Hirsch index - 35.

Awards

Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" II degree (November 17, 2016) - for his great contribution to the development of health care, medical science and many years of conscientious work
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree (

ACADEMICIAN RAS, PROFESSOR,
LAUREAT OF STATE PRIZES OF THE USSR, RSFSR, RF,
PRIZES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
PRIZES NAMED AFTER A.N.BACH OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE USSR Academy of Sciences,
CAVALIER OF THE ORDER "FOR MERITS TO THE FATHERLAND" III AND IV DEGREE

ARCHAKOV Alexander Ivanovich (born January 10, 1940, Kashin, Kalinin (Tver) region) – scientist, biochemist. Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1991). He graduated from the medical faculty of the 2nd MOLGMI them. N.I. Pirogova (now the Russian National Research medical University- RNIMU them. N.I. Pirogov) (1962). PhD (1965). Doctor of Biological Sciences (1973). Professor (1976). Corresponding member USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1986). Since 1965 he has been working at the Department of Biochemistry of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology of the 2nd MOLGMI named after I.I. N.I. Pirogova, since 1979 - Head of the Department of Biochemistry, MBF. From 1989 to 2014 - Director of the Research Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (current name - IBMC). Since 1995 he has been the editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Biomedical Chemistry. In 2011 A.I. Archakov was elected Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

A.I. Archakov created a scientific school in the field of studying the molecular organization and functioning of oxygenase cytochrome P450-containing systems, studying the molecular mechanisms of the structure and function of membranes and biological oxidation. He proposed a scheme for the molecular organization of the oxygenase system of the liver, developed methods for its reconstruction from isolated proteins and lipids. Under the leadership of A.I. Archakov, the staff of the Institute developed a fundamentally new drug with antiviral activity "Phosphogliv" for the treatment of liver diseases of various etiologies (Award of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, 2003). Currently, this drug is widely used in practical pharmacology.

Modern scientific interests of A.I. Archakov are connected with research in the field of postgenomic technologies and nanobiotechnologies and proteomics, the development of approaches to the creation of personalized medicine of the future. A.I. Archakov is the founder of the development of proteomics in Russia, under his leadership the program "Proteomics in medicine and biothenology" was carried out, currently he is the coordinator representing Russia in the international project "Human Proteome".

Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences A.I. Archakov is included in the top 100 Russian scientists in terms of the Hirsch index (30), he is the author of more than 700 scientific papers, including about 400 scientific articles, 6 monographs, 19 patents and copyright certificates. Supervisor of more than 60 Ph.D. theses, scientific consultant of 15 doctoral theses. A.I. Archakov and the work of scientific teams under his leadership have repeatedly become laureates of State Prizes and other prestigious scientific awards. For many years, A.I. Archakov has been conducting public work, including as a member of the board of the Russian Foundation fundamental research(RFBR), Council of the President of the Russian Federation for the support of young scientists and leading scientific schools, Committee of the Federation Council on Education and Science of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

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