· Test materials for knowledge control (by topic)
Topic 1. Ancient Russian state Kievan Rus. Russian lands during the period feudal fragmentation.
1. What's in Ancient Russia called polyudem:
1. collection of tribute by the prince from the lands subject to him
2. meeting of the princely squad
3. militia, consisting of all the men of the tribe
4. princely court over community members
2. Which of the events happened later than all the others:
1. baptism of Russia
2. Prince Oleg's campaigns against Byzantium
3. In Ancient Russia, the tax in favor of the church was called:
3. poll tax
4. elderly
4. The code of laws of Ancient Russia was called:
1. Russian Truth
2. Cathedral Code
3. Stoglav
4. Sudebnik
5. Baptism of Russia took place in:
2. Xin.
6. "Lessons" and "graveyards" to collect tribute from the tribes were established:
1. Prince Igor
2. Prince Svyatopolk
3. Prince Oleg
4. Princess Olga
7. Shaping Old Russian state refers to:
1. IX – Xcenturies
2. VIII - IX centuries.
3. XI - XII centuries.
4. XIII - XIV centuries.
8. Novgorod and Kyiv were united by the prince:
3. Askold
4. Prophetic Oleg
9. According to the Norman theory, in education Kievan Rus played the main role:
1. Varangians
10. The Old Russian state was formed in:
2. 882 g.
Topic 2. Consolidation of lands around Moscow. Education and strengthening of a unified Russian state(XV-XVII centuries).
Russia finally breaks up into separate principalities after death:
1. Mstislav the Great
2. Vladimir Monomakh
3. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich
4. Yuri Dolgoruky
2. The ancient Russian state broke up into ... feudal centers:
3. The period of feudal fragmentation in Russia ...
1. IX - XI centuries
2. X - XIII centuries
3. XII – XIIIcentury
4. XII - XV centuries
4. The period of feudal fragmentation was a time for Russian lands:
1. economic and cultural upsurge
2. economic rise and cultural decline
3. economic decline and cultural upsurge
4. economic and cultural decline
3. endowment by the prince of the nobles with land
4. management of administrative-territorial units of the state
30. The accession of Novgorod to the Moscow Principality occurred during:
1. IvanIII
2. Basil III
3. Ivan IV
4. Basil II
31. The system of orders appeared in Russia with:
1. Ivane Kalita
2. Basil I
3. Ivan IV
4. IvanIII
32. "Standing on the Ugra River" in 1480, ended:
1. the ruin of Moscow
2. victory of Khan Akhmat
3. retreat of the Horde troops
4. the ruin of the city of Vladimir
33. The concept of "Moscow - the third Rome" put forward:
1. Patriarch Nikon
2. Joseph Volotsky
3. Archpriest Avvakum
4. monk Philotheus
34. St. George's Day was set in:
1. Sudebnik of 1497
2. Sudebnik of 1550
3. Decree of 1581
4. Decree of 1607
35. The double-headed eagle became the Russian coat of arms in:
1. 1472. under IvanIII
2. 1521 under Vasily III
3. 1547 under Ivan IV
4. 1649 under Alexei Mikhailovich
36. The new name of the Moscow state - Russia, along with the term Rus began to be used:
1. from the middle of the 15th century.
2. from the endXVin.
3. from the middle of the XVI century.
4. with early XVII in.
37. The term for the transition of peasants from one feudal lord to another, according to the Sudebnik of IvanIII(1497), was:
1. Spring and autumn
2. One day per month
3. One month per year
4. A week before and a week after St. George's Day
38. The governors sent from Moscow to manage the districts were called:
2. Boyars-feeders
3. Proteges
4. Bailiffs
39. Zemsky Sobor is:
2. deliberative authority
3. legislative body
4. executive authority
40., aimed at strengthening the autocracy and fighting the separatism of the boyars, was called:
1. Oprichnina
2. Zemshchina
4. Enslavement
41. The Rurik dynasty ended with death:
1. Basil III
2. Ivan the Terrible
3. Fedor Ivanovich
4. Boris Godunov
4. Petersburg became the capital of Russia in:
1. 1703.
5. Peter the Great established:
3. commissions
4. departments
6. The new authority created by PeterI, was called:
1. Boyar Duma
2. Zemsky Sobor
3. Council of State
4. Senate
7. Feature of the development of manufactory in Russia inXVIIIin.:
1. Low power
2. Low labor productivity
3. High quality products
4. Almost no free labor
8. Period Russian history from 1725 to 1762 was named:
1. The era of temporary workers
2. Period of instability
3. The era of palace coups
4. "Unbridled absolutism"
9. The secularization of church lands is connected with the government:
1. Peter II
2. Elizabeth Petrovna
3. CatherineII
4. Peter III
10. "Novorossiya" - the lands that became part of Russia:
1. Eastern Ukraine
3. Azov-Black Sea coast
4. Baltic coast
11. The emancipation of the peasants is associated with:
1. Catherine II
2. Elizabeth Petrovna
3. Anna Ivanovna
4. PavelI
12. « Letter of Complaint cities":
1. consolidated the class structure of the population of the city
2. made cities self-governing
3. expanded the rights of citizens
4. gave the right to directly address the emperor
13. Domestic politics CatherineIIwas called:
1. Enlightened absolutism
2. Tyranny
3. Autocracy
4. Equality and freedom
14. Which of the named groups of the population in Russia at the beginningXIXcenturies belonged to the privileged classes:
1. landlord peasants
2. state peasants
4. clergy
15. In what century did Russia become a Black Sea power:
3. XVIIIin.
16. The privileged class in Russia, whose economic dominance was based on land ownership, is:
1. nobles
2. clergy
17. This event took place during the reign of CatherineII:
1. church schism
2. "distemper"
3. "Pugachevism"
4. Proclamation of Russia as an empire
18. Date which refers to the reign of CatherineII:
3. 1785.
Topic 4. Russiain the first half of the 19th century: the search for ways of modernization.
1. The main legal code of Russia inXIX– beginningXXcenturies:
1. complete collection laws Russian Empire
2. Cathedral Code
3. Code of Laws of the Russian Empire
4. Sudebnik
2. Improving the system of public administration under NicholasILed to:
1. creation of government bodies
2. strengthening the role of the Senate
3. strengthening autocratic power and bureaucratization of management
1. the murder of Alexander by 2 populists
2. Decembrist revolt
3. the first strike of workers in Russia
4. Formation of the Southern Society
5. InXIXin. in Russia, the form of government was:
1. autocratic monarchy
2. constitutional monarchy
3. feudal republic
4. democratic republic
6. Peasants who ransomed for freedom, freed from serfdom in accordance with the decree of 1803, were called:
1. state
2. specific
3. freedmen
4. temporarily liable
7. The work of a serf on the land of the landowner in the first halfXIXin. was called:
4. mining
2. growth rate of national income
3. industrial output per capita
4. proportion of the population living in cities
12. "Work question" at the endXIXcentury included a set of problems, including the need to:
1. development of labor legislation
2. transfer of enterprises to the management of labor collectives
3. elimination of the personal dependence of seasonal workers on the landowner
4. association of workers in fraternities
13. Emperor, who in Russian history was called the "Peacemaker":
1. Nicholas I
2. Alexander II
3. AlexanderIII
4. Nicholas II
14. The era of counter-reforms in Russia is the period from:
1. 1871 - 1875
2. 1880 - 1883
3. early 1884 to 1887
4. 1882. – beginning of 1890
15. Raznochintsy are:
1. people who dedicated their lives to the revolution
2. intellectuals from different walks of life
3. Citizens distinguished by the Table of Ranks
4. people from the petty nobility
16. In Russia at the endXIXin. a rich peasant who used the labor of impoverished fellow villagers was called:
1. tenant
2. landowner
3. fist
17. The labor of peasants freed from serfdom on the land of the landowner for the land they rented from the landowner was called:
1. share-cropping
2. month
3. mining
4. corvee
18. The followers of the theory of Lavrov, Bakunin, Tkachev, who carried out the propaganda of socialist ideas among the peasants, were called:
2. Petrashevites
3. populists
4. social democrats
19. The teachings of Karl Marx (Marxism) formed the ideological basis:
1. liberal populism
2. Russian social democracy
3. Decembrist movement
4. Theory of the Slavophiles
20. Agrarian system in Russia at the beginningXXin. (until 1905) was characterized by:
1. high level marketability of peasant farms
2. the absence of landlord farms
3. the predominance of farms
4. peasant lack of land
21. The leading party of the Russian bourgeoisie at the beginningXXin.:
1. Commercial and industrial party
2. Commercial and industrial union
4. Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs
22. Creation of the State Duma in Russia at the beginningXXin. was an important step along the way:
1. transformation of Russia into a federal state
2. introduction of a democratic electoral system
3. approval of the republic
4. overthrow of the autocracy
Theme 6 . Fall of autocracy. Russia in search of prospects (gg.).
1. In Russia in 1905 - 1907. happened:
1. creation of the State Duma
2. abolition of class division of society
3. confiscation of landed estates
4. establishment of national equality of citizens
2. The legal activity of political parties in Russia was allowed in:
4. 1905.
3. Economic reforms in Russia at the endXIXin. have been associated with:
1. Alexander II
2. Stolypin
3. Witte
4. Nicholas II
4. At the beginningXXcenturies, the subjects of the Russian Empire in official documents were divided into groups according to ... the principle.
1. class
2. class
3. national
4. regional
1. obtaining concessions for foreigners
2. Jews to settle in any part of the Russian Empire beyond the "Pale of Settlement"
3. formation of political parties
4. freedom to trade in alcoholic products
6. For the first time the Soviets of Workers' Deputies were created in 1905 in:
1. Ivanovo-Voznesensk
2. St. Petersburg
3. Suzdal
4. Kostroma
7. The “Union of the Russian People”, which arose in 1905, characterized the requirement:
1. preservation of autocracy
2. introduction of universal suffrage
3. establishing a constitutional monarchy
4. equal rights of the peoples of Russia
8. The event of the revolution of 1905 - 1907, which occurred later than others:
1. All-Russian October political strike
14. How many State Dumas were elected in Russia before February 1917:
15. The agrarian reform of P. Stolypin provided for:
1. free exit of peasants from the community
2. free transfer of landed estates
3. creation of peasant cooperatives
4. sale of landed estates through banks
16. in 1906 he proposed to introduce in Russia:
1. courts-martial to punish participants in the revolutionary movement
2. broad local self-government
3. republican form of government
17. The socialist party in Russia was the party:
1. SRs
3. monarchists
4. cadets
18. At the beginning of the First World War, Russia was in alliances:
1. Entente
2. Triple alliance
3. Economic union with the USA
4. economic union with China
19. In the first weeks after the Bolsheviks took power in October 1917, the party was banned:
1. cadets
2. Mensheviks
3. right SRs
4. Left SRs
20. The provisional government, created in the days of the February revolution, declared that all vital Russian problems will be decided:
1. Constituent Assembly
2. State Duma
3. Democratic conference
4. Parliament
21. Order No. 1 issued by the Council proposed:
1. introduce elected committees in the army and navy
2. introduce an eight-hour working day at enterprises
3. the transfer of all land to the public domain
4. introduce a rationed distribution of bread
22. OnIIThe All-Russian Congress of Soviets in October 1917 decided to:
1. dissolution of the Constituent Assembly
2. proclamation Soviet power
3. execution of the royal family
4. granting independence to Finland and Poland
27. The consequences of the February Revolution include:
1. liquidation of the monarchy
2. transfer of land to peasants
3. Russia's exit from the world war
4. establishment of workers' control in factories and plants
28. The first bodies of Soviet power formed onIICongress of Soviets is:
1. Council of Ministers
2. Presidential Administration
4. Council of People's Commissars, All-Russian Central Executive Committee
29. The policy of "war communism" is characterized by:
2. abolition of labor service
3. hard currency
4. land lease
30. "Red Guard attack on capital", undertaken by the Bolsheviks in 1917 - 1918. meant:
1. defeat of the white armies
2. mass repressions against Russian entrepreneurs
3. accelerated nationalization of large, medium and small enterprises
4. the establishment of strict control over enterprises by the Cheka
31. The main issue during the civil war was:
1. power and property
2. territorial
3. granting civil rights and freedoms
4. interpersonal
32. The policy of "war communism" is characterized by the introduction:
1. surplus appropriations
2. tax in kind
3. freedom of trade
4. hard currency
33. To the years held in Soviet Russia. the policy of "war communism" includes:
1. universal labor service
2. freedom of market trade
3. entrepreneurship development
4. tax in kind from peasants
34. The basis of the White movement during the years of the civil war was:
1. Army officers of the Entente countries
2. volunteers of Russian communities abroad
3. defectors from the German army
4. officers and cadets of the tsarist army
35. Among the listed events of the civil war, the most recent was:
1. trip to Moscow
2. breakthrough of defense on the Perekop isthmus
3. rebellion of the Czechoslovak corps
4. trip to Moscow
36. The slogan "For Soviets without parties!" nominated in 1921 by the participants:
1. Kronstadt uprising of sailors and workers
2. peasant uprisings in Siberia
3. rebellion of the Left SRs
4. First All-Union Congress of Soviets during the formation of the USSR
37. The internal policy of the Bolshevik government in the period from the summer of 1918 to the beginning of 1921. was called:
1. war communism
2. State capitalism
3. Socialism
4. New economic policy
38. In the first years of Soviet power in Russia, the following took place:
1. Russo-Japanese War
2. Patriotic war
3. Crimean War
4. Civil War
39. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was created in:
2. 1922.
40. In what year did the uprising of sailors and workers in Kronstadt take place in Soviet Russia:
2. 1921.
41. The main prerequisite for the formation of the USSR was:
1. Soviet victory in the Civil War
2. hope of the peoples better life under socialism
3. the tradition of living together among peoples within the Russian Empire
4. agitation of the Bolsheviks in favor of creating a new state
42. One of the important steps in the transition to peaceful life after civil war in Russia there was a decision about:
1. replacement of the surplus with the tax in kind
2. freedom of market trade
3. termination of settlement in emigration
4. authorization of the activities of parties
43. The first Constitution of the USSR was adopted in:
3. 1924.
Topic7. Soviet state during the NEP.
1. The new economic policy was carried out:
1. from 1918 to 1921
2. from 1921 to 1925
3. from 1921 to 1928
4. from 1921 to 1936
2. During the years of the NEP:
1. many small, medium-sized enterprises have become private
2. foreign concessions were banned
3. business leasing was banned
4. hired labor in the peasant and handicraft economy was prohibited
3. The main opponent of Stalin in the Central Committee in the 20s was:
1. Zinoviev
2. Bukharin
4. Trotsky
4. The Constitution of 1924 of the USSR proclaimed:
1. Federation of Republics
3. farm development
2. The cult of personality in the 1930s led to:
1. strengthening the security of the state borders
2. destruction of civil rights and freedoms of the population
3. mass return of emigrants to the USSR
4. discontent of all sectors of society
3. The establishment of a totalitarian regime in the USSR in the thirties was associated with:
1. search by the leadership of the country for modernization based on market relations
2. using the new socialist model
3. adoption of a strategy of accelerated development
4. lack of political culture of the population
4. Political life USSR in the 1930s was characterized by:
1. diversity of opinions in public life
2. freedom of speech
3. creation of a party system
4. massive political repression
5. The concept of " great break" associated with:
2. victory in the civil war
3. completion of industrialization and collectivization
4. the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR in 1936
6. Among the results of industrialization in the USSR in the 1930s. applied:
2. Creation of a mixed economy
3. creation of a market mechanism in the economy
4. achievement of the USSR economic independence
7. The command and administrative system that developed in the USSR in the 1930s was characterized by:
2. non-intervention of the state in the economy
3. freedom of enterprise
4. decentralization of the economy
8. GULAG is an abbreviated name:
1. international organization for humanitarian cooperation
2. NKVD camp administration
3. organizations "Civil initiatives"
4. children's summer vacation system
9. The USSR was created as a federation of union republics, based on the principles:
1. voluntariness and equality
2. transfer by the republics of all powers to the Center
4. unequal position of individual republics in relation to the Center
Topic 9. USSR during the Second World War and in post-war years(gg.).
According to the plans of the Nazi leadership, the consequence of the implementation of the "Plan 1. Barbarossa" was to be:
1. the transformation of the USSR into a German colony
2. the collapse of the USSR into several independent national states
3. the transformation of the USSR into an ally of Germany
4. preservation of the USSR as a single independent state
2. One of the reasons severe lesions Red Army in the first months of the Great Patriotic War- this is:
1. attempt by the Red Army to move to offensive actions instead of defense
2. multiple superiority of the armies of Germany
3. support for the Germans by the majority of the population of the western regions of the USSR
4. subversive actions of German citizens living in the western regions of the USSR
3. An important consequence of the Moscow battle was that:
1. the German plan was thwarted lightning war»
2. a second front was opened in Europe
3. there was a radical change in the war
4. Germany began to lose its allies in the war
4. CompletionIIworld war associated with:
1. capitulations of Berlin
2. liberation of Europe
3. capitulation of Germany
4. surrender of Japan
5. An event that took place in 1941:
1. Battle of Stalingrad
2. Battle of Moscow
3. Battle of Kursk
4. Liberation of Crimea
6. An important reason disruption of the German offensive plan in the Battle of Kursk in 1943 was:
1. Soviet artillery preemptive strike
2. the entry into battle of the Siberian reserve divisions
3. the encirclement of the bulk of the German troops on the Kursk Bulge
4. strike partisan formations in the rear
7. The German plan of "blitzkrieg" against the USSR was finally buried after:
1. defeat of German troops near Moscow
2. encirclement of the Paulus army near Stalingrad
3. long, stubborn defense of Sevastopol
4. the failure of the German plan to capture Leningrad
8. Completion of a radical change in the Great Patriotic War is associated with:
1. Battle of Kursk
2. Battle of Stalingrad
3. battle near Moscow
4. liberation of Kyiv
9. During the Great Patriotic War, the development of the economy was characterized by:
1. increased wages
2. card system for distribution and receipt of products
3. military censorship of correspondence
4. labor mobilization of the population
10. Political system, which existed in the USSR in 1930 - 1980. and characterized by tight control over all areas of public life, is called:
1. terrorism
2. totalitarianism
3. absolutism
4. despotism
11. With whom of the indicated statesmen link the beginning of the Cold War:
1. F. Roosevelt, A. Gromyko
2. D. Eisenhower, N. Bulganin
3. J. Kennedy, N. Khrushchev
4. W. Churchill, I. Stalin
12. Our country returned to the pre-war economic model of the 30s because:
1. there were no forces in the country raising the question of the need to reorganize the economic management system
2. society was dominated by the idealization of the pre-war past
3. the pre-war model of the economy proved its high mobilization capabilities
4. significant resources have been depleted
13. The existence of a one-party system in the USSR was one of the signs:
1. totalitarian regime
2. democratic system
3. regime of military dictatorship
4. regime of strong presidential power
14. What sphere of the national economy developed in the USSR in the first years after the end of the Great Patriotic War at the fastest pace:
1. agriculture
2. heavy industry
3. social sphere
4. light industry
15. After graduationIIworld war transition from the anti-fascist coalition, because:
1. the war against fascism intensified ideological differences between countries
2. the war with fascism increased the mutual rejection of opposing systems
3. the disappearance of the common threat of fascism led to a new split
4. the defeat of fascism did not require more coordination of efforts
16. Specify the reason for the rapid recovery of the economy of the USSR after the Second World War:
1. help from Western powers
2. the enthusiasm and dedication of the Soviet people
3. introduction of self-management in enterprises
4. development of virgin lands
17. The consequences of the Second World War were:
1. conclusion of the Soviet-American treaty
2. expansion of the influence of the USSR
3. strengthening the ties of the USSR with the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition
4. Formation of the League of Nations
18. Reason for renewal political repression on the part of the Stalinist leadership in the post-war years was:
1. the desire to eliminate the sprouts of freedom that have appeared in the minds of people
2. return to the pre-war totalitarian model of development with an atmosphere of fear and autocracy
3. distraction of the population from the problems of economic recovery
4. development of the political system of the country
Topic 10. Attempts to liberalize the totalitarian systemand the growth of crisis phenomena in Soviet society (gg.).
1. The totalitarian regime is:
1. the power of one person
4. worsening living conditions of the population
6. Which of the following provisions were contained in the report "On the cult of personality and its consequences":
1. mass repressions were carried out under Stalin
2. Stalin did not have any merit to the country
3. Stalin hid a political testament
4. Stalin took credit for all the victories in the war
2. lack of incentives for the population to work
3. dominance of state property
4. development of market elements of the economy
19. The end of the process of detente of international tension in the 1970s. was marked:
1. the introduction of ATS troops into Czechoslovakia
2. input Soviet troops to Afghanistan
3. Caribbean crisis
4. war in Korea
20. Decrease in tension in relations between the East, West, the USA, their allies and the USSR, countries of Eastern Europe in the first half of the 1970s. was called:
1. "thaw"
2. integration
3. discharge
4. perestroika
21. The system of international relations, characterized by a balance of approximately equal forces of two competing blocs of states, is called:
1. monopolar
2. global
3. bipolar
4. international
22. Specify the years of perestroika:
1. 1983 - 1985
2. 1984 - 1989
3. 1985 - 1991
4. 1982 - 1986
23. The consequences of the restructuring policy included:
1. expansion of political freedoms
2. creation of a permanent parliament
3. destruction of the totalitarian system
4. strengthening of power in the center and locally
Topic 11. The final stage in the history of the USSR (1 year).
1. Indicate the main reason for the transition of the USSR in the mid-1980s to the policy of perestroika:
1. sharp aggravation of international relations
2. the need to develop the territories of Siberia and the Far East
3. protracted economic and political crisis
4. mass demonstrations of the population
2. The concept of new political thinking in international relations was put forward by:
3. An attempt to remove the President of the USSR from power was made in 1991:
1. President of Russia
2. members of the State Committee for the State of Emergency
3. Supreme Soviet of the USSR
4. Supreme Court of the USSR
4. The consequence of the perestroika policy in the USSR was:
1. exacerbation of interethnic relations
2. strengthening relations between central and republican authorities
3. striving to strengthen the role of the CPSU
4. Expansion of industrial production
5. The agreement on the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 was signed by the heads of:
1. Russia, Belarus, Ukraine
2. Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine
3. all republics of the former USSR
4. all republics except the Baltic
6. The last General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU was:
1. Gorbachev
3. Brezhnev
4. Chernenko
7. The policy initiated in the second half of the 80s was called:
1. Thaw
2. perestroika
3. Acceleration
4. Country update
8 The collapse of the USSR took place in:
3. 1991.
9. The State Duma did not exist in Russia in:
1. 1906 - 1911
2. 1912 - 1917
3. 1985 - 1991
4. 1993 - 2001
10. Conducted in Russia in the early 1990s. the transfer or sale into private ownership of a number of state-owned enterprises is called:
1. nationalization
2. privatization
11. Held in Russia in the early 1990s. government economic policy was called:
1. extended reproduction
2. nationalization of property
3. transition to a market economy
4. new economic policy
Topic 12. The collapse of the USSR. Formation of a new Russian statehood.
1. According to the 1993 Constitution, Russia is a state:
1. unitary
2. federal
3. Confederate
4. based on the principle of national autonomy
2. What made me decide to start the economic reform in January 1992:
1. from the exchange of 50- and 100-ruble bills
2. with price liberalization
3. with the privatization of state property
3. Russian Parliament of the endXXcentury was called:
1. Council of Ministers
2. State Duma
3. Federal Assembly
4. Federation Council
4. In 1991, 1996, 2000 Presidents Russian Federation took office as a result of:
1. election by the State Duma
2. appointments by the Federal Assembly
3. popular elections
4. Appointments by the Constitutional Court
5. In the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 and in the Constitutions Soviet period an article about recognition is created:
1. ideological diversity
2. multi-party system
3. private property
4. right to education
6. The transfer of military-industrial enterprises to reduce the output of military products and increase the output of consumer goods was called:
1. modernization
2. conversion
3. correction
4. annexation
7. The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted on December 12, 1993:
1. President of the Russian Federation
2. The Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
3. Federation Council of the Russian Federation
Test Guidelines
1. It is advisable to allocate 60 minutes for testing.
2. Number of questions included in the test:
a) for students correspondence department – 40.
b) for students of the evening department - 50.
c) for full-time students - 60.
3. Assessment of knowledge:
a) correspondence department:
b) evening department:
Less than 50% of correct answers - unsatisfactory;
50% or more correct answers - satisfactory;
75% or more correct answers - good;
90% or more correct answers is excellent.
c) day department:
Less than 50% of correct answers - unsatisfactory;
50% or more correct answers - satisfactory;
75% or more correct answers - good;
90% or more correct answers is excellent.
POLUDIE - in Kievan Rus, a detour by the prince and a squad of subject lands to collect tribute; later the tribute itself is of indeterminate size. However, it was the same in other countries. Similar customs existed in early medieval Europe. Establishment of tribute in the form of polyudya. Polyudye - a way of collecting tribute from the East Slavic tribes, practiced in the 9th-12th centuries in Russia. characteristic feature polyudya was his irregular character.
They deliver hare skins, black fox skins and swords from the most distant Slavs to the Rumian Sea. The ruler of ar-Rum collects tithes from them. The emergence of such a phenomenon as polyudie was associated with the spread of the power of the Rus to part of the East Slavic tribes.
Not only Constantine Porphyrogenitus, but also Scandinavian sources (the saga of Harald) use the Slavic word (poluta, polutaswarf) to designate a similar mechanism for collecting tribute. An analogue of the Russian polyudya is the Old Norwegian veizla, literally - “feast”, “treat”, later transformed into feudal duty. Polyudye was the first attempt by the princes of Ancient Russia to establish a system for collecting taxes from subject territories.
New territories were supposed to be profitable so that the prince could provide for the army and warriors and equip the army and treasury for further military campaigns.
Every year, the prince and his squad traveled around the subject territories in order to collect tribute and feed - this lasted from November to April. The collection of polyudya was sharply reduced during the time of Svyatoslav Igorevich in 966, and later, in 982, it completely stopped with the coming to power of Vladimir Svyatoslavich. The last mention of polyudye dates back to 1190. At that time, tribute was still levied in the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, but this ceased with the departure of Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest.
In the Novgorod and Smolensk lands in the XIT century. the name of a fixed monetary service. Moscow: Infra-M. A. Ya. Sukharev, V. E. Krutskikh, A. Ya. Sukharev. Carelessness and greed ruined Igor. The Drevlyans refused to pay tribute, and the prince himself was killed and buried in his own land, near the city of Iskorosten (now Korosten). Polyudye also gave the prince tribute in goods that were exported - furs, wax, slaves, handicrafts, as well as means for their transportation: boats, horses, sledges.
With the disintegration of Kievan Rus into separate large principalities, and the latter into ever smaller ones, the scale of the polyuds decreases, their political significance falls. However, on the outskirts of Ukraine - in Polesie and in the Carpathians - polyudye continued (collection of skins, honey and other things from communities) until the 16th century, but was no longer carried out by princes, but by their representatives.
The introduction of polyudya in Russia
In Byzantium, the Arab-Islamic caliphates of Spain, North Africa and the Middle East, and the Chinese Empire, at best, only remnants of polyudy can be found. It is easy to detect among the early medieval and, probably, ancient Germans. In the VI century, the Franks, led by the kings of the Merovingian dynasty, walked around Gaul, which they conquered.
4th quarter of 20th century
In the ancient worldAbout the original system ancient states Asia and Africa must be judged by the traditions that were called upon to explain some of the more ancient rituals and symbols. Two crops a year ripen in these parts. The first, the best harvest was taken in the polyudye, the second remained for the peasants.
The king, who was considered the earthly incarnation of the god Lono, every year, as it were, again ascended the throne and received tribute in food and handicrafts. During the time that the polyudie lasted, each of the queens had to give birth to a child.
But even in the center of the state, the prince with his wife and retinue at Christmas time (just chronological at the height of the ancient polyudya) made a detour of the monasteries. Nevertheless, polyudie still remained. Polyudie - (old) temporary duty, which fell on labor or the working population and consisted in the maintenance of the prince and his court during their tour of the region.
The amount of tribute was calculated in proportion to the households, regardless of the wealth of their owners.
Story
Polyudye - the annual detour of the prince with his retinue of subject lands, in order to collect tribute. It lasted from November to January.
The first mention of polyudya in Russian chronicles, as well as detailed description polyudia by the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus in his treatise "On the management of the empire", refer to the middle of the X century.
The winter and harsh way of life of those same dews is as follows. When November comes, their princes leave Kyiv with all the Russians and go to polyudye, that is, a roundabout, namely, to the Slavic lands of the Drevlyans, Dregovichi, Krivichi, Severyans and other Slavs who pay tribute to the Ross. Feeding there during the winter, in April, when the ice on the Dnieper melts, they return to Kyiv, collect and equip their ships and set off for Byzantium.
If we talk about the merchants ar-Rus, then this is one of the varieties of the Slavs. They deliver hare skins, black fox skins and swords from the most remote [outskirts of the country] Slavs to the Rumian Sea. The ruler of ar-Rum [Byzantium] collects a tithe from them. If they go along the Tanis - the river of the Slavs, then they pass Hamlidj, the city of the Khazars. Their owner also collects a tithe from them. Then they sail across the sea of Jurjan and land on any shore... Sometimes they carry their goods from Jurjan to Baghdad on camels. Translators [for] them are Slavic eunuch servants. They claim to be Christians and pay a poll tax
The emergence of such a phenomenon as polyudie was associated with the spread of the power of the Rus to part of the East Slavic tribes. Patriarch Photius of Constantinople, in connection with the Russian-Byzantine war of 860, speaks of the Rus:
enslaving those who lived around them and therefore overly proud, they raised their hands against the Roman power itself!
It is also known about the forces of the polyudya participants:
Always 100-200 of them (Rus) go to the Slavs and forcibly take from them for their maintenance while they are there
The sale of polyudya by the Vyatichi on the international market and its termination with the conquest of the Vyatichi by Svyatoslav Igorevich in 966 and finally by Vladimir Svyatoslavich in 982 are indirectly confirmed by the chronology of the hoards of eastern coins in the Oka basin.
One of the last mentions of polyudia refers to 1190 to the reign of Vsevolod the Big Nest in the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Based on this example, the researchers calculated average speed polyudya - 7-8 km per day.
Not only Constantine Porphyrogenitus, but also Scandinavian sources (the saga of Harald) use the Slavic word ( polutaswarf).
Polyudye was extremely widespread in the socio-political systems of Eurasia and Africa with a level of political and cultural complexity close to the ancient Slavic.
Notes
Sources
- Polyudie: a world-historical phenomenon. Under total ed. Yu. M. Kobishchanova. Ed. coll. Yu. M. Kobishchanov, M. S. Meyer, V. L. Yanin and others - M., ROSSPEN, 2009. - 791 p.
- Rybakov B. A. Birth of Russia
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
Synonyms:See what "Polyudye" is in other dictionaries:
Wed, old. detour of the district or region, to collect tribute. The very tribute, capitulation, head tax, which was called the entrance when visiting the dioceses. Then I exist to the Grand Duke Roman in polyudi. A crowded tribute, file, old. collected by detour from the people. AND… … Dictionary Dalia
Detour Dictionary of Russian synonyms. polyudye n., number of synonyms: 2 tribute (12) detour (... Synonym dictionary
In Ancient Russia, originally an annual detour by the prince and the retinue of the subject population (people) to collect tribute; then the tribute itself of indeterminate size. In the Novgorod and Smolensk lands in the XIT century. the name of a fixed monetary service... Law Dictionary
In Kievan Rus, a detour by the prince and a squad of subject lands to collect tribute; later the tribute itself is of indeterminate size. In the Novgorod and Smolensk lands in the 12th century. fixed fee... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
POLYUDIE- (“walking among people”) a detour of Kievan Rus by the prince and his retinue of subject areas and tribes to collect tribute, and later the name of the tribute itself. P. is also mentioned in the writings of the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus (mid-10th century), chronicles and ... ... Legal Encyclopedia
POLYUDIE, POLYUDIE, I; cf. East In ancient Russia in the 10th-13th centuries: the annual detour of the subject population (people) by princes, boyars, governors and their combatants to collect tribute. // Such a tribute itself. * * * Polyudie in the Old Russian state, a detour by the prince and ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (“walking among people”), a detour in Kievan Rus by the prince and his retinue of subject areas and tribes to collect tribute, later the tribute itself. Polyudye usually took place in autumn or winter after the end of the harvest. After the murder during the Polyudie, Prince. Igor ... ... Russian history
The annual detour of the subject population (“people”) by ancient Russian princes, boyars, voivodes and their combatants in the 10th-13th centuries. for the purpose of feeding and collecting taxes. P. is recorded in Arabic (Ibn Rust, Gardizi; 10-11 centuries), Byzantine ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (old) temporary duty, which fell on labor or the working population and consisted in the maintenance of the prince and his court during their tour of the region. According to Konstantin Porphyrogenitus, detours were made in winter, and the prince traveled not only with ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
- (walking among people) a detour in Kievan Rus by the prince and his retinue of subject areas and tribes to collect tribute, later the tribute itself. P. is mentioned in Op. Constantine Porphyrogenitus (mid-10th century), chronicles and acts (12th century). P. was usually done ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Books
- Polyudie. World historical phenomenon, . The proposed book is the first in the world collective monograph, specially dedicated to the polyud as a world-historical phenomenon. The monograph by Yu. M. Kobishchanov published twelve years earlier ...
What in ancient Russia was called polyude:
collection of tribute by the prince from the lands subject to him
Which of the events happened later than all the others:
the beginning of the codification of ancient Russian laws
In ancient Russia, the tax in favor of the church was called:
tithe
The Code of Laws of Ancient Russia was called:
Russian Truth
The Baptism of Russia took place in:
"Lessons" and "graveyards" to collect tribute from the tribes were established:
Princess Olga
The formation of the Old Russian state refers to:
Novgorod and Kyiv were united by the prince:
Prophetic Oleg
According to the Norman theory, the main role in the formation of Kievan Rus was played by:
The Old Russian state was formed in:
Russia finally breaks up into separate principalities after death:
Mstislav the Great
The ancient Russian state broke up into ... feudal centers:
The period of feudal fragmentation in Russiathis is:
XII - XIII centuries
The period of feudal fragmentation was a time for Russian lands:
economic and cultural upsurge
Church land ownership begins to take shape in:
middle of the 12th century
The first mention of Moscow refers to:
The city did not have its own princely dynasty:
Novgorod
The conditional holding of land by a feudal lord was called:
estate
The ancestral possessions of the boyars in Russia were called:
Kievan Rus was replaced by a form of political structure called:
Feudal fragmentation
Whichof the events happened before all the others:
Neva battle
Representatives of the khans of the Golden Horde in Russia were called:
The period of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in Russia (years):
The right to reign was given by those received in the Horde:
The state of the Mongol-Tatars, which established a yoke overRussian lands, called:
Golden Horde
The battle on the Kalka River ended:
the defeat of the Russian army
The annual tribute established for the Russian lands by the Golden Horde was called:
The result of the campaign of Khan Batu to Russia in 1237 - 1238. became:
the ruin of a significant part of the northeastern lands
"Battle on the Ice" took place in:
1223 is the year:
Battles on the Kalka River
The idea of a policy of despotic centralization belonged to:
Ivan Kalita
The feudal war took place during the reign of:
Basil II
The right of the Moscow Grand Dukes to inherit the great Vladimir reign was recognized by the Golden Horde for:
Dmitry Donskoy
How many stages are distinguished in the unification of Russian lands inXIV– beginningXVIcentury:
Moscow became the church center of the Russian lands under the prince:
Ivan Kalita
The political unification of the Russian lands around Moscow ends in:
The Battle of Kulikovo took place in:
The founder of the Moscow princely dynasty is:
Daniel Alexandrovich
The main rival of Moscow in the struggle for the Vladimir Grand Duchy in the first halfXIVin. It was:
Tver Principality
In 1382, the Mongol Khan captured Moscow:
Tokhtamysh
The system was called localism:
appointments to public office
The accession of Novgorod to the Moscow principality occurred during:
The system of orders appeared in Russia with:
"Standing on the Ugra River" in 1480, ended:
retreat of the Horde troops
The concept of "Moscow - the third Rome" was put forward by:
monk Philotheus
St. George's Day was set in:
Sudebnik of 1497
The double-headed eagle became the Russian coat of arms in:
1472 under Ivan III
The new name of the Moscow state - Russia, along with the term Rus began to be used:
from the end of the 15th century
The term for the transition of peasants from one feudal lord to another, according to the Sudebnik of IvanIII(1497), was:
A week before and a week after St. George's Day
Boyars-feeders
The governors sent from Moscow to manage the counties were called:
Zemsky Sobor is:
deliberative authority
The policy of Ivan the Terrible, aimed at strengthening the autocracy and fighting the separatism of the boyars, was called:
Oprichnina
The Rurik dynasty ended with death:
Fedor Ivanovich
The period of the history of Russia at the borderXVI- XVIIcenturies was named:
Time of Troubles
At the beginningXVIIin. impostors sought to take the Russian throne under the name:
False Dmitry
The result of Ivan's foreign policyIVIt was:
conquest of Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberian Khanates
The first Zemsky Sobors were convened in:
Initially, the word "oprichnina" meant:
share of property allocated to the widowed princess
The first among the Moscow princes to the kingdom was married:
Ivan the Terrible
The leaders of the second militia, which liberated Moscow from the Polish interventionists, were:
Minin, Pozharsky
The legal registration of serfdom took place in:
Patriarch -idea creator"The priesthood is above the kingdom":
The semi-privileged estates were:
Indicate the year with which the beginning of the Romanov Dynasty is associated:
The reform of Patriarch Nikon of the following provisions includes:
replacement of a double-fingered sign of the cross with a triple-fingered one
Schism in Russian Orthodox Church happened in:
“The rebellious age of the quietest king” was called by contemporaries of the reign:
Alexey Mikhailovich
The Council Code is:
code of laws
The opponents of the church reform of Patriarch Nikon are called:
Old Believers
Enterprises that appeared in Russia inXVIIin. and were based on the division of labor and handicraft technology, were called:
Manufactory
Russia became an empire in:
The period of Russian history, called "Bironism" was associated with:
Anna Ivanovna
Which war resulted in Russia gaining access to the Baltic Sea?
Northern (1700 - 1721)
The main tax on taxable estates, introduced by PeterIat the beginningXVIIIin. was called:
poll tax
According to the Table of Ranks adopted in 1722, career advancement depended on:
personal merit
Petersburg became the capital of Russia in:
Peter the Great established:
colleges
The new authority created by PeterI, was called:
The peculiarity of the development of manufactory in Russia inXVIIIin.:
Almost no free labor
Russian periodhistory from 1725 to 1762 was named:
The era of palace coups
The secularization of church lands is associated with rule:
Catherine II
"Novorossia" - lands that became part of Russia:
Azov-Black Sea coast
The emancipation of the peasants is associated with:
"Charter to the cities":
consolidated the class structure of the population of the city
Catherine's domestic policyIIwas called:
Enlightened absolutism
Which of the named groups of the population in Russia at the beginningXIXcenturies belonged to the privileged classes:
clergy
In what century did Russia become a Black Sea power?
The privileged class in Russia, whose economic dominance was based on land ownership, is:
This event took place during the reign of CatherineII:
"Pugachevism"
Date that refers to the reign of CatherineII:
The main legal code of Russia inXIX– beginningXXcenturies:
Code of Laws of the Russian Empire
System improvement government controlled under NicholasILed to:
strengthening autocratic power and bureaucratization of management
Which of the following commanders participated in the Patriotic War of 1812:
P.I. Bagration
Decembrist revolt
ATXIXin. in Russia, the form of government was:
autocratic monarchy
In 1853-1856.
freedmen
The work of a serf on the land of the landowner in the first halfXIXin. was called:
The system of peasant land use in Russia is called:
community system
The industrial revolution that took place in Russia in the middleXIXc. is associated with:
Replacing manual labor with machine
The Crimean War took place:
Peasants who redeemed themselves for freedom, freed from serfdom in accordance with the decree of 1803, were called:
Identify the features characteristic of the modernization carried out by AlexanderII:
reforms were carried out "from above"
cash ransom for temporarily obligated peasants
The temporarily obligated position of the peasants was characterized by:
statutory rates of corvée or dues
Jurors, lawyers, judicial investigators are introduced in Russia with:
Alexander II
The era of "great reforms" is called the reign of:
Alexander II
As a result of the reform of 1861, serfs received:
freedom from bondage
Carrying out reforms 1860 - 1870 in Russia:
contributed to the transition from a traditional society to an industrial one
The abolition of serfdom, the implementation of military, judicial, zemstvo reforms belong to the reign of:
Alexander II
"Redemption payments", "segments" - these concepts refer to:
peasant reform of 1861
Serfdom was abolished in:
At the beginningXXcentury, the Russian Empire ranked first in the world in:
growth rate of national income
"Work question" at the endXIXcentury included a set of problems, including the need to:
development of labor legislation
Emperor, who in Russian history was called the "Peacemaker":
Alexander III
The era of counter-reforms in Russia is the period from:
1882 - early 1890
Rogues are:
intellectuals from different walks of life
In Russia at the endXIXin. a rich peasant who used the labor of impoverished fellow villagers was called:
The labor of the peasants freed from serfdom, on the land of the landlord for the land they rented from the landowner, was called:
share-cropping
The followers of the theory of Lavrov, Bakunin, Tkachev, who carried out the propaganda of socialist ideas among the peasants, were called:
populists
The teachings of Karl Marx (Marxism) formed the ideological basis:
Russian social democracy
The agrarian system in Russia at the beginningXXin. (until 1905) was characterized by:
peasant lack of land
The leading party of the Russian bourgeoisie at the beginningXXin.:
Creation of the State Duma in Russia at the beginningXXin. was an important step along the way:
introduction of a democratic electoral system
In Russia in 1905 - 1907.happened:
creation of the State Duma
The legal activity of political parties in Russia was allowed in:
Economic reforms in Russia at the endXIXin. have been associated with:
At the beginningXXcenturies, the subjects of the Russian Empire in official documents were divided into groups according to ... the principle.
class
formation of political parties
The first Soviets of Workers' Deputies were created in 1905 in:
Ivanovo-Voznesensk
The Union of the Russian People, which arose in 1905, characterized the demand:
preservation of autocracy
The event of the revolution of 1905 - 1907, which occurred later than others:
The agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin is characterized by:
resettlement of peasants in the Urals
Agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin:
left unfinished
World War I started at:
Russia's allies in the Entente were:
England, France
The essence of Stolypin agrarian reform consisted in:
community destruction
How many State Dumas were elected in Russia before February 1917:
The agrarian reform of P. Stolypin provided for:
free exit of peasants from the community
P.A. Stolypin in 1906 proposed to introduce in Russia:
courts-martial to punish participants in the revolutionary movement
The socialist party in Russia was the party:
At the beginning of the First World War, Russia was in alliances:
In the first weeks after the Bolsheviks took power in October 1917, the party was banned:
The provisional government, created during the days of the February Revolution, declared that all pressing Russian problems would be solved:
Constituent Assembly
Order No. 1 issued by the Council suggested:
introduce elected committees in the army and navy
On theIIThe All-Russian Congress of Soviets in October 1917 decided to:
proclamation of Soviet power
The concept of "Bolshevism" includes the recognition of:
Socialist revolution as the main form of struggle
The central direction in the activities of the Bolsheviks after 1917 was nationalization, which included:
transfer of all types of private property into the hands of the state
Decrees on peace and land were adopted:
II Congress of Soviets
Russia was proclaimed a republic:
Council of People's Commissars, All-Russian Central Executive Committee
liquidation of the monarchy
The first bodies of Soviet power, formed onIICongress of Soviets is:
The consequences of the February Revolution include:
The policy of "war communism" is characterized by:
natural wages
"Red Guard attack on capital", undertaken by the Bolsheviks in 1917-1918. meant:
accelerated nationalization of large, medium and small enterprises
The main issue during the civil war was:
power and property
The policy of "war communism" is characterized by the introduction:
surplus appropriations
To held in Soviet Russia 1918-1920. the policy of "war communism" includes:
universal labor service
The basis of the White movement during the years of the civil war was:
officers and cadets of the tsarist army
Among the listed events of the civil war, the most recent was:
breakthrough defense P.N. Wrangel on the Perekop Isthmus
The slogan "For Soviets without parties!" nominated in 1921 by the participants:
Kronstadt uprising of sailors and workers
The internal policy of the Bolshevik government in the period from the summer of 1918 to the beginning of 1921. was called:
war communism
In the first years of Soviet power in Russia, the following events took place:
Civil War
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was created in:
In what year did the uprising of sailors and workers in Kronstadt take place in Soviet Russia:
The main prerequisite for the formation of the USSR was:
Soviet victory in the Civil War
One of the important steps in the transition to civilian life after the Russian Civil War was the decision to:
replacement of the surplus with the tax in kind
The first Constitution of the USSR was adopted in:
The New Economic Policy was carried out:
from 1921 to 1928
During the years of the NEP:
many small, medium-sized enterprises have become private
The main opponent of Stalin in the Central Committee in the 20s was:
The Constitution of 1924 of the USSR proclaimed:
Federation of Republics
The transition to the NEP (new economic policy) was caused by:
the dissatisfaction of the peasants with the surplus appropriation
The essence of collectivization in the 1930s. in the USSR was:
nationalization of agriculture
The personality cult of I.V. Stalin in the 1930s led to:
destruction of civil rights and freedoms of the population
The establishment of a totalitarian regime in the USSR in the 1930s was associated with:
lack of political culture of the population
Political life of the USSR in the 1930s. was characterized by:
massive political repression
The concept of "great change" is associated with:
completion of industrialization and collectivization
Among the results of industrialization in the USSR in the 1930s. applied:
achievement of the USSR economic independence
The command-administrative system that developed in the USSR in the 1930s was characterized by:
non-economic management methods
GULAG is an abbreviation for:
NKVD camp administration
For the USSR in the 1930s. was typical:
variety of opinions in public life
destruction of oppositions within the CPSU (b)
The USSR was created as a federation of union republics based on the following principles:
voluntariness and equality
According to the plans of the Nazi leadership, the consequence of the implementation of the "Plan Barbarossa" was to be:
the transformation of the USSR into a German colony
One of the reasons for the heavy defeats of the Red Army in the first months of the Great Patriotic War is:
attempt by the Red Army to move to offensive actions instead of defense
An important consequence of the Battle of Moscow was that:
The German plan for a "blitzkrieg" was thwarted
Name one of the reasons for the failures of the Red Armyduring the first months of the Great Patriotic War:
destruction by the NKVD in 1937-1938. senior commanders of the Red Army
CompletionIIworld war associated with:
surrender of Japan
An event that took place in 1941:
Battle of Moscow
An important reason for the failure of the German offensive plan in the Battle of Kursk in 1943 was:
Soviet artillery preemptive strike
The German plan for a "blitzkrieg" against the USSR was finally buried after:
defeat of German troops near Moscow
Completion of a radical change in the Great Patriotic War is associated with:
Battle of Kursk
During the Great Patriotic War, the development of the economy was characterized by:
labor mobilization of the population
The state system that existed in the USSR in 1930-1980 and characterized by tight control over all areas of public life, is called:
totalitarianism
Which of the following statesmen is associated with the beginning of the Cold War:
W. Churchill, I. Stalin
Our country has returned to the pre-war economic model of the 1930s because:
the pre-war model of the economy proved its high mobilization capabilities
The existence of a one-party system in the USSR was one of the signs:
totalitarian regime
What sphere of the national economy developed in the USSR in the first years after the end of the Great Patriotic War at the fastest pace:
heavy industry
After graduationIIworld war transition from the anti-fascist coalition, because:
The reason for the resumption of political repression by the Stalinist leadership in the postwar years was:
Specify the reason for the rapid recovery of the economy of the USSR after the Second World War:
the enthusiasm and dedication of the Soviet people
The consequences of World War II were:
expansion of the influence of the USSR
the war against fascism intensified ideological differences between countries
return to the pre-war totalitarian model of development with an atmosphere of fear and autocracy
The totalitarian regime is:
full state control over all spheres of life
Rehabilitation carried out in the USSR in the 1950s - 1980s. - this is:
restoration of the honorable name and civil rights of unjustly convicted people
privatization
On theXXCongress of the CPSU was:
Stalin's personality cult exposed
In what year was the first flight into space in the history of mankind carried out:
The main reason for the removal of N.S. Khrushev from power was:
an attempt to reform the state-party apparatus
Which of the following provisions were contained in the report of N.S. Khrushchev "On the cult of personality and its consequences":
Stalin took credit for all the victories in the war
In international relations, the name used to mark the border between the "Western" and "Eastern" blocs was:
"iron curtain"
The start date of the "thaw" period in the USSR is:
The initiator of the development of virgin lands was:
N.S. Khrushchev
The main reason for the failure of economic reform in the mid-1960s. was that the reform did not:
touched the foundations economic system USSR
Economic reforms under the leadership of N.S. Khrushchev were held in the USSR during the period:
The last Constitution of the USSR was adopted in:
Soviet troops in the 1980s participated in the fighting in:
Afghanistan
During the leadership of L.I. Brezhnev, the main attention in the economy was paid to:
defense industry
The economic reform of 1965 assumed:
use of the principles of material interest
The stagnation of the economic system in the USSR occurs when:
L. Brezhnev
The dissident movement in the USSR was called:
activities of groups and individuals who do not share the dominant ideology
The basis of the economic system of the USSR in the 70s was:
dominance of state property
The end of the process of detente in the 1970s. was marked:
the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan
The decrease in tension in relations between the East, West, the USA, their allies and the USSR, the countries of Eastern Europe in the first half of the 1970s. was called:
discharge
The system of international relations, characterized by a balance of approximately equal forces between two competing blocs of states, is called:
bipolar
Specify the years of perestroika:
1985 - 1991
The consequences of the restructuring policy were:
strengthening of power in the center and locally
Indicate the main reason for the transition of the USSR in the mid-1980s to the policy of perestroika:
protracted economic and political crisis
The concept of new political thinking in international relations was put forward by:
M.S. Gorbachev
An attempt to remove the President of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev from power was undertaken in 1991:
members of the State Committee for the State of Emergency
The consequences of the perestroika policy in the USSR were:
exacerbation of interethnic relations
The agreement on the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 was signed by the heads of:
Russia, Belarus, Ukraine
The last General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU was:
Gorbachev
The policy initiated by M.S. Gorbachev in the second half of the 80s, was called:
Thaw
perestroika
The collapse of the USSR took place in:
In the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 and in the Constitutions of the Soviet period, an article was created on the recognition of:
right to education
The State Duma did not exist in Russia in:
1985 - 1991
Conducted in Russia in the early 1990s. the transfer or sale into private ownership of a number of state-owned enterprises is called:
Conducted in Russia in the early 1990s. the government of E.T. Gaidar called economic policy:
transition to a market economy
According to the 1993 Constitution, Russia is a state:
federal
How did E.T. Gaidar decide to start the economic reform in January 1992:
with price liberalization
Russian Parliament of the endXXcentury was called:
Federal Assembly
In 1991, 1996, 2000 The Presidents of the Russian Federation took office as a result of:
popular elections
The transfer of military-industrial enterprises to a reduction in the output of military products and an increase in the output of consumer goods was called:
conversion
Discipline "National history"
List of topics
Kievan Rus and its place in history
Russian lands at the beginning of the XII - the first half of the XIII century. political fragmentation.
The struggle of Russian lands with foreign conquerors in the XIII century.
The rise of Moscow and the beginning of the unification of Russian lands.
Formation of a unified Russian state.
Ivan IV and the formation of Russian autocracy.
Strengthening of autocracy in the XVII century.
The transforming activity of Peter the Great. Formation of the Russian Empire.
Noble-serf empire of the 18th century.
Russia in the first half of the 19th century.
The era of great reforms of the 60s - 70s. XIX century in Russia. Ideas and their implementation.
Revolutionary and liberal movement in the second half of the 19th century. - the beginning of the XX century. Crisis of autocracy.
Political struggle and autocracy in the revolution of 1905-1907.
post-revolutionary Russia. (1907–1917).
1917 Change of political regimes.
Civil war and foreign intervention.
Soviet society in the 20s.
USSR in the late 20s - 30s.
USSR in World War II (1939 - 1945).
Socio-economic and political problems post-war period. Strengthening of the totalitarian system (1946 - 1952).
Thaw. Attempts to reform the totalitarian system (1953 - 1964).
USSR in the mid-60s - mid-80s.
USSR in the period of "perestroika" (mid-80s - early 90s).
Russia at the present stage.
Test Guidelines
It is advisable to allocate 60 minutes for the exam.
Number of questions included in the test:
a) for students of the correspondence department - 40.
b) for students of the evening department - 50.
c) for full-time students - 60.
Assessment of knowledge:
a) correspondence department:
b) evening department:
less than 50% of correct answers - unsatisfactory;
50% or more correct answers - satisfactory;
75% or more correct answers - good;
90% or more correct answers is excellent.
c) day department:
less than 50% of correct answers - unsatisfactory;
50% or more correct answers - satisfactory;
75% or more correct answers - good;
90% or more correct answers is excellent.
A) the collection of tribute by the prince from the lands subject to him
B) a meeting of the princely squad
B) an all-male militia
D) princely court over community members
2. In the 9th century, the Slavs were:
A) Christians
B) pagans
B) Muslims
D) professed Judaism
3. The Baptism of Russia took place in ...
D) IX century
4. In Ancient Russia, the tax in favor of the church was called:
B) poll tax
B) elderly
D) tithe
^
5. Under this prince, Russia adopted Christianity:
A) Vladimir Svyatoslavovich
B) Princess Olga
C) Yaroslav the Wise
D) Svyatoslav Igorevich
6. The main occupation of the Slavs was:
A) beekeeping
B) cattle breeding
B) farming
D) gardening
7. "Lessons" and "graveyards" to collect tribute from the conquered tribes were established:
A) Prince Igor
B) Prince Oleg
B) Princess Olga
D) Prince Svyatoslav
^
8. Which of the events happened later than all the others:
A) the baptism of Russia
B) Prince Oleg's campaigns in Byzantium
C) the beginning of the codification of ancient Russian laws
D) calling the Varangians
9. Specify approximate time creation of "The Tale of Bygone Years":
A) end of the 10th century
B) the beginning of the XI century.
C) mid-11th century
D) the beginning of the XII century.
^
10. Novgorod and Kyiv were united by the prince:
B) Prophetic Oleg
B) Prince Igor
D) Askold
11. According to the Norman theory, the main role in the formation of Kievan Rus was played by:
A) Varangians
B) Khazars
D) the Germans
^
12. Name of the author of The Tale of Bygone Years:
A) Anthony
B) Illarion
C) Theodosius of the Caves
D) Nestor
13. The Old Russian state was formed in ...
D) 1015
^
14. The code of laws of Ancient Russia was called:
A) Cathedral Code
B) Stoglav
C) Russian Truth
D) Sudebnik
15. The formation of the Old Russian state refers to:
A) IX-X centuries
B) VIII - IX centuries
C) XI-XII centuries
D) XIII - XIV centuries
^
16. The first stone church in Russia ...
A) St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv
B) tithe church in Kyiv (989-996)
C) Assumption Cathedral in Moscow
D) Demetrius Cathedral in Vladimir
17. Which of the following terms denoted the category of the dependent population of Ancient Russia in the 10th - 12th centuries?
A) Cossacks
B) recruits
B) governors
D) purchases
^ 18. In 945, during the Polyudye, Prince Igor was killed:
A) Vyatichi
B) Drevlyans
B) meadows
D) Dregovichi
19. Which of the listed princes defeated the Volga Bulgaria and Khazaria?
A) Oleg the Prophet
B) Yaroslav the Wise
B) Svyatoslav
D) Igor Stary
^
20. The first saints in Russia were ...
A) Boris and Gleb
B) Princess Olga
B) Alexander Nevsky
D) St. Vladimir
21. What was the name of the hereditary property that could be sold, bought, bequeathed?
A) destiny
B) estate
B) feeding
D) estate
^
22. What is the heroic epic genre?
A) annals
B) fairy tales
B) proverbs and sayings
D) epics
23. When did the collapse of Kievan Rus into separate principalities?
D) 14th century
^
24. In 1097, an all-Russian princely congress met. What city did he go to?
B) Vladimir
Kyiv City
25. When did the battle on Kalka take place?
D) 1198
^
26. The first mention in the annals of Moscow is associated with the name:
A) Ivana Kalita
B) Yuri Dolgoruky
B) Dmitry Donskoy
D) Prince Daniel
27. Which of the above was one of the consequences of the adoption of Russian Truth by Yaroslav the Wise?
A) the introduction of St. George's Day
B) limit blood feud
C) the introduction of reserved years
D) the abolition of veche orders in Kyiv
^
28. Match the names of princes and events:
A) Alexander Nevsky 1) "Instruction"
B) Vladimir the Red Sun 2) "Russian Truth"
C) Yaroslav the Wise 3) Battle on the Ice
D) Vladimir Monomakh 4) Baptism of Russia
^
29. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and name the prince in question.
“As the chronicler writes, he was lame, but he had a kind mind, and he was brave in rati,
added another remarkable trait that he was a Christian and read books himself. Last thing
the circumstance was extremely important for Vladimirov's successor. Therefore, of course,
in his reign, Christianity and literacy were to spread ... "
30. Establish a correspondence between terms and concepts:
A) detinets 1) free communal peasants
B) smerds 2) dependent peasants who entered into a row to work off a debt
C) posad 3) fortification inside the city around the princely court
D) ryadovichi 4) trade and craft part of the city
