Name: General pathology.
Chesnokova N.P., Morrison V.V., Brill G.E.
The year of publishing: 2002
The size: 3.06 MB
Format: djvu
Language: Russian
In the presented study guide the introduction to the subject of pathological physiology, problems of nosology, typical cell reactions to the action of altering factors, pathological physiology of the CBS, pathogenic action of environmental factors, general adaptation syndrome, pathogenesis of shock and principles of pathogenetic therapy of shock conditions, typical disorders of peripheral circulation and pathology of microcirculation, acute inflammation - mechanisms of vascular and tissue reactions, etiopathogenesis of fever, infectious process in the aspect of pathological physiology, immunopathology and allergy, pathology of water metabolism, general pathology of tumor growth.
Name: Fundamentals of the pathology of diseases according to Robbins and Cotran. Volume 3
The year of publishing: 2016
The size: 93.59 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: Practical guide Robbins and Cotran's Fundamentals of Disease Pathology consists of three volumes. The third volume deals with diseases of the genitourinary and endocrine systems, the musculoskeletal system ... Download the book for free
Name: Fundamentals of the pathology of diseases according to Robbins and Cotran. Volume 2
Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson Fausto, John K. Astaire
The year of publishing: 2016
The size: 87.94 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The Robbins and Cotran Fundamentals of Pathology of Diseases practical guide consists of three volumes. The second volume deals with issues of systemic pathology: systemic and hematopoietic systems, gastrointestinal ... Download the book for free
Name: Fundamentals of the pathology of diseases according to Robbins and Cotran. Volume 1
Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson Fausto, John K. Astaire
The year of publishing: 2016
The size: 76.4 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The Robbins and Cotran Fundamentals of Pathology of Diseases practical guide consists of three volumes. The first volume deals with general pathology, which includes such chapters: inflammation, diseases of the newborn ... Download the book for free
Name: Pathophysiology
Zaiko N.N., Byts Yu.V.
The year of publishing: 2015
The size: 18.13 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The textbook "Pathophysiology" edited by Zaiko N.N., et al., considers general and special issues of pathological physiology. The issues of general nosology, general pathophysiology of cells, and t... Download the book for free
Name: Dysregulatory pathology
Kryzhanovsky G.N.
The year of publishing: 2002
The size: 65.39 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The book "Dysregulation pathology" under the editorship of Kryzhanovsky G.N., considers a violation of the regulation of vital activity. Outlined new system understanding of pathophysiological processes - dysregulation ... Download the book for free
Name: Atlas of Pathology by Robbins and Cotran
Edward K. Klatt
The year of publishing: 2010
The size: 127.28 MB
Format: djvu
Language: Russian
Description:"Atlas of Pathology by Robbins and Cotran" ed., E.Klatt examines the main pathological processes of the human body on the example of high-quality illustrative material. Examples of x-rays are presented ... Download the book for free
Name: Fundamentals of Pathology
Mitrofanenko V.P., Alabin I.V.
The year of publishing: 2011
The size: 3.81 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The book "Fundamentals of Pathology" edited by Mitrofanenko V.P., et al., considers the collective material about pathology as the basic beginning of any somatic disease. The questions of private pathology of the main ... Download the book for free
Name: Pathophysiology. Volume 2
Novitsky V.V., Goldberg E.D., Urazova O.I.
The year of publishing: 2013
The size: 14.7 MB
Format: djvu
Language: Russian
Description: The educational guide "Pathophysiology" under the editorship of Novitsky VV, et al., consists of two volumes. The second volume deals with the pathophysiology of organs and systems. The features of the pathological syst...
State educational institution higher vocational education Saratov State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development
as a teaching aid for students medical schools 3rd edition
Publishing house of the Saratov Medical University
UDC 616-192(072.8) LBC 52.05 P 206
In the tutorial according to curriculum on pathological physiology, general and particular sections of the course are outlined. Sections of general pathophysiology include questions on the pathogenesis of inflammation, fever, immunology, allergies, carcinogenesis, as well as on the mechanisms of development of adaptation and maladaptation reactions. On the problems of private pathophysiology, sections of the pathology of the cardiovascular, respiratory systems, blood systems, digestion, liver, kidneys, endocrine and nervous systems are included. The manual reflects the close pathogenetic relationship of structural and functional changes at the cellular, organ and system levels, which is extremely important for the perception actual problems pathology by medical students.
For students of higher medical educational institutions.
Compiled by: G.E. Brill, V.V. Morrison, E.V. Ponukalina, N.P. Chesnokova, G.A. Afanasiev, S.O. Bersudsky, I.A. Budnik, T.N. Zhevak, G.B. Kudin, O.L. Morozova, T.A. Nevvazhay, N.N. Otdelnova, N.V. Polutova, G.F. Pronchenkova, T.P. Denisov.
Under the general editorship of prof. V.V. Morrison, prof. N.P. Chesnokova
Reviewers:
doctor medical sciences Professor V.G. Ovsyannikov; Doctor of Biological Sciences Professor V.B. Mandrikov.
Approved by the Central Coordinating Methodological Council of the Saratov Medical University.
© G.E. Brill, V.V. Morrison, E.V. Ponukalina, N.P. Chesnokova, G.A. Afanasiev, S.O. Bersudsky, I.A. Budnik, T.N. Zhevak, G.B. Kudin, O.L. Morozova, T.A. Nevvazhay, N.N. Otdelnova, N.V. Polutova, G.F. Pronchenkova, T.P. Denisova, 2008.
© Saratov Medical
university, 2008.
INTRODUCTION
Pathological physiology is a medical scientific discipline that studies the patterns of occurrence and course of disease processes, compensatory-adaptive reactions in a diseased organism.
Until the second half of the 19th century, pathological physiology in Russia did not exist as an independent science and discipline for teaching. Issues of general pathology and pathological physiology were studied in courses pathological anatomy, physiology and therapy. The origin of pathological physiology is associated with the use in the 19th century of an experimental method for studying pathological processes (F. Magendie, A.M. Filomafitsky, K. Bernard, etc.). The first teachers of the basics of general pathology and pathophysiology in Russia were such well-known therapists, pathologists and physiologists as A.M. Shumlyansky, M.M. Terekhovsky. S.G. Zybelin, I.E. Dyadkovsky, K.V. Lebedev and many others.
A great contribution to the development of general pathology was made by major foreign physiologists and morphologists - K. Bernard, V. Kennon, R. Virchow, G. Selye.
K. Bernard is the founder of the experimental-physiological direction in pathology and the doctrine of constancy internal environment body - homeostasis.
The largest German pathologist R. Virchow is the founder of the theory of cellular pathology. He showed the morphological basis of self-regulation of cell activity and the significance of self-regulation disorders in the development of the disease.
G. Selye revealed the important role of the neuroendocrine system in the formation of adaptive reactions and life disorders.
The first independent department of pathological anatomy and pathological physiology in Russia was created by A.I. Polunin in Moscow in 1849. In 1869, the Department of General Pathology was separated from it.
A.I. Polunin (1820–1888) - Russian pathologist, professor. An adherent of the materialistic worldview, A.I. Polunin called for the study of a healthy and diseased organism in unity with environment. For the first time in Russia, he translated and published twenty lectures by R. Virkhov on cellular pathology, edited and published the Moscow Medical Journal. Professor A.I. Polunin gave a course of lectures, consisting of 4 sections: the general doctrine of the disease; teachings about the ways of its distribution; teachings about the general mechanisms of the development of diseases; teachings about individual disease processes. AT different years students of A.I. Polunin were subsequently outstanding Russian scientists, doctors and teachers: G.A. Zakharyin, S.P. Botkin, I.M. Sechenov, A.B. Focht, V.F. Snegirev and others.
In 1874 V.V. Pashutin created the Department of General and Experimental Pathology at Kazan University.
V.V. Pashutin (1845-1901) - one of the founders of pathological physiology in Russia as an independent scientific discipline and the subject of teaching, an honorary member of the Royal Society of London, a student of I.M. Sechenov and S.P. Botkin. In 1879 V.V. Pashutin opened a similar department of general pathology in Military Medical Academy Petersburg, radically reworking
course of general pathology in a new experimental-physiological direction. Special merit of V.V. Pashutin is that he formulated the tasks of pathophysiology and put them into practice.
The main works of V.V. Pashutin are devoted to the development of fundamental problems of starvation, metabolism, heat transfer and oxygen deficiency. He wrote and published in 1881 the two-volume Lectures on General Pathology (Pathological Physiology).
V.V. Pashutin created the first in Russia scientific school pathophysiologists (P.M. Albitsky, A.V. Reprev, N.G. Ushinsky and others). His students headed departments in St. Petersburg, Tomsk, Kharkov, Odessa and other Russian cities.
Simultaneously with the St. Petersburg School, the Moscow Pathophysiological School was independently created, headed by A.B. Focht.
A.B. Focht (1848–1930) - Russian pathologist, professor, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR. The main tasks of pathophysiology A.B. Focht considered the identification of the causes and patterns of development of diseases, the formation theoretical basis doctor's thinking. A feature of the school of pathophysiologists, headed by A.B. Focht, was the close connection between experimental studies and the demands of the clinic. Addressing the Supreme Council medical school in 1920 prof. A.B. Focht writes about the need to "combine general pathological experimental studies with clinical observation." A.B. Focht and his school laid the foundations of domestic experimental cardiology, developed original methods for modeling heart diseases, and conducted fundamental research on the pathogenesis of pericardial diseases, cardiosclerosis, and pathology of the coronary circulation. A.B. Focht owns outstanding experimental research on embolism of the coronary and pulmonary arteries. a.b. Focht is the creator of a large clinical experimental school, to which F.A. Andreev, D.D. Pletnev, G.P. Sakharov, G.I. Rossolimo and others.
Another pathophysiological school was created in Ukraine (Kyiv, Odessa) by Professor V.V. Podvysotsky.
V.V. Podvysotsky (1857–1913) - a major domestic pathophysiologist of a wide profile, the founder of the Kyiv school of pathophysiologists. He published over 90 scientific papers devoted to the study of the process of regeneration of glandular tissue, the problem of tumor development, research in the field of microbiology, immunity and pathology of infections. Textbook V.V. Podvysotsky "Fundamentals of General and Experimental Pathology" gained worldwide fame. The students of V.V. Podvysotsky were A.A. Bogomolets, D.K. Zabolotny, I.G. Savchenko, L.A. Tarasevich and others.
In 1911 A.A. Bogomolets created the Department of General Pathology at the Medical Faculty of the Saratov Imperial University (now the Department of Pathophysiology of the Saratov State Medical University).
A.A. Bogomolets (1881-1946) - one of the prominent pathologists of the first half of the twentieth century and public figure, Academician of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Hero Socialist Labor, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, creator of large
noah school of pathophysiologists. The main direction of A.A. Bogomolets
The study of the reactivity of the body in normal and pathological conditions. His theory of the trophic function of connective tissue is the basis of modern ideas about collagenoses. He was the organizer and leader of the scientific development of blood conservation.
In the Saratov period (1911–1925), the activities of A.A. Bogomolets, the main activities of the Department of General Pathology were the problems of infectious pathology, endocrinology, immunology and allergology. A.A. Bogomolets - the initiator of the creation in Saratov of the first road laboratory, antimalarial stations; he participated in the organization of the anti-plague institute "Microbe", in the publication of the journal "Saratov Bulletin of Health". In 1921 A.A. Bogomolets wrote a textbook on general pathology, which for a number of years was the main guide for students of many medical universities in the country. In 1935–1936 A.A. Bogomolets published the fundamental guide "Fundamentals of Pathological Physiology" in 3 volumes.
Talent A.A. Bogomolets as a scientist and organizer clearly manifested itself during his work in Ukraine, where he was elected president of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. With the direct participation of A.A. Bogomolets in Kyiv, institutes of experimental biology and pathology, endocrinology, gerontology, and oncology were organized.
From the school of A.A. Bogomolets, such outstanding scientists as N.N. Sirotinin, R.E. Kavetsky, N.N. Gorev and others.
Of great importance for pathophysiology was the activity of N.N. Anichkov (1885–1965) and his students. They own well-known studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, as well as the pathology of blood circulation, the infectious process.
A great contribution to the development of national pathophysiology was made by A.A. Bogomolets Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and Corresponding Member. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine N.N. Sirotinin (1896–1977). The main direction of his research is the study of reactivity
and body resistance in infectious and non-infectious diseases
and pathological conditions in comparative evolutionary aspect. N.N. Sirotinin conducted work on the pathogenesis of mountain sickness, developed practical advice on the problem of hypoxia, hypokinesia in space medicine.
P.D. Horizontov (1902-1987) - an outstanding Russian pathophysiologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR, a major organizer of medical science. He actively developed the most pressing problems of theoretical pathology (etiology, pathogenesis, the role of the environment in the occurrence of diseases), laid the foundations for the pathophysiology of radiation injuries of the body, contributed to the development of the stress problem, and developed methodological aspects of experimental medicine.
A great contribution to the development of pathological physiology was made by A.D. Speransky (1988–1961), who organized the Institute of Pathological Physiology in Moscow. Scientific interests HELL. Speransky were focused on the problem of nerve
trophism and nervous dystrophies, they are shown an important role nervous system in the development of not only adaptive, but also pathogenic processes in the body from the onset of diseases to recovery.
The main scientific directions developed by the largest Russian pathophysiologist A.D. Ado (1909–1997), dealt with the problems of allergology, inflammation, and immunity. He studied the mechanisms of action of microbial agents, toxins and viruses on the nervous system, and established the features of their action. HELL. Ado is one of the founders of the Allergy Service System in the country.
G.N. Kryzhanovsky (b. 1922) is the largest Russian pathophysiologist who develops problems of the general pathology of the nervous system. He created the concept of the formation of generators of pathologically enhanced excitation in various parts of the nervous system. G.N. Kryzhanovsky showed that the disintegration of systemic relations and the disinhibition of functional structures are universal biological laws.
G.N. Kryzhanovsky made a significant contribution to the study of nervous trophism and the development of the neurodystrophic process, to the study of the pathophysiology of pain. He wrote such fundamental monographs as "Tetanus" (1966), "Determinant structures in the pathology of the nervous system" (1980), "General pathology of the nervous system" (1997), etc.
A great contribution to the development of the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Saratov Medical University was made by the student A.D. Ado, a prominent domestic pathophysiologist, Professor V.V. Mikhailov (1928–2000), who headed the department from 1962 to 1975. Scientific research by V.V. Mikhailov covered the problems of the pathogenesis of various bacterial intoxications (botulinum, tetanus, staphylococcal, diphtheria) and allergies. V.V. Mikhailov is the author of the monographs "Botulism" (1980), "Diphtheria" and fundamental labor"Fundamentals of Pathological Physiology" (2001).
In 1924, the departments of general pathology were renamed into departments of pathological physiology on an all-Union scale on the initiative of professors A.A. Bogomolets and S.S. Khalatov, who determined the structure and content of the subject of pathophysiology.
Pathological physiology - fundamental science and academic discipline, which studies the general patterns of the occurrence, development and outcome of diseases and pathological processes. The term "pathophysiology" comes from two words: "pathology" and "physiology". In turn, the term "pathology" in Greek means pathos - disease, suffering + logos - teaching, science, and "physiology" - from the Greek physis - nature, essence + logos. Thus, "pathophysiology" is the science of the vital activity of a diseased organism.
Pathological physiology is closely related to various biomedical and clinical sciences. Pathological physiology looks in relation to special clinical disciplines as a science that studies processes common to all diseases or to their large groups. According to G.N. Roof-
Zhanovsky (1990) - "pathophysiology is a bridge between the basic theoretical educational disciplines and the clinic."
The current stage of development of pathological physiology is characterized by a tendency to integrate it with other disciplines, their interpenetration. Experimental therapy is used as a method of studying the disease and developing new treatments. Many of the most important problems of modern pathology (for example, inflammation, transplantation of tissues and organs, circulatory disorders in the brain, heart, compensation of blood circulation in case of heart defects, etc.) cannot be solved without a comprehensive study (with the participation of representatives of various biological and medical specialties) of the patterns of microcirculation , studying the permeability of biological membranes.
Below is a diagram showing the place of pathophysiology among other biomedical and clinical disciplines.
As an academic discipline, general pathology and pathophysiology consists of 3 sections:
1. General section. Includes general nosology (the doctrine of the essence of the disease), which forms the basic concepts and categories of pathology, creates classifications and nomenclature of diseases and studies the social aspects of pathology; general etiology - the doctrine of the causes and conditions of the onset of the disease and the principles of etiotropic prevention and therapy; pathogenesis - the doctrine of the mechanisms of disease development, the mechanisms of recovery and dying, and the principles of pathogenetic prevention and therapy, as well as the doctrine of heredity, constitution and reactivity.
2. Typical pathological processes (inflammation, fever, hypoxia, allergies, edema, metabolic disorders, etc.) - i.e. processes that often act as a component of many diseases.
3. Private pathophysiology. This section includes typical forms of disorders of organs and systems: respiration, circulation, blood, digestion, endocrine
and nervous systems, liver, kidneys, etc. And although this part is called private pathophysiology, here again, the general pathological aspects are the main ones. This section is closest to the clinic.
AT In general terms, the tasks of medical science are to ensure the rapid development of fundamental research and increase the efficiency of applied work.
AT In this regard, pathophysiology is called upon to solve the following tasks:
■ study of the main patterns of violation of the vital activity of the organism in conditions of pathology;
■ systematization and analytical and synthetic processing of actual material;
■ creation of experimental models of pathological processes;
■ development and implementation effective methods early diagnosis and treatment, early prevention measures;
■ determination of transitional states between health and illness, study of pre-illness.
Pathophysiology is the main experimental discipline in medicine, and its main method is the pathophysiological experiment. In the process of cognition, a scientific experiment performs the following main functions:
1) by isolating individual properties and aspects of an object, it makes it possible to penetrate into its essence, to reveal its laws;
2) materializing this or that idea, expressed in a theory, hypothesis or foresight, acts as a criterion for their truth, a form of manifestation of the general;
3) acts as a means of obtaining and accumulating new scientific data, is the primary source of new hypotheses and theories.
The meaning of a pathophysiological experiment is to cause a disease or a pathological process in an animal, study them and transfer the obtained data to the clinic. The experiment makes it possible to produce such effects on the body that are unacceptable in the clinic. In an animal experiment, it is possible to test new drugs.
Acute and chronic experiments are used to study pathological processes in the experiment.
Acute experiments (for example, reproduction of acute blood loss, shock, asphyxia, burn injury, various poisonings, etc.) are limited in time, in the study of the results of exposure to pathogenic agents.
Chronic experiment (method of creating fistulas, organ transplantation
and tissues, implantation of electrodes in the brain, etc.) creates the possibility of a longer observation and study of the vital activity of the organism, a deeper disclosure of the interaction of organs and systems at all stages of the disease. This provides not only an analytical, but also a synthetic approach to the study of the pathogenesis of pathological processes.
Data obtained on animals cannot be mechanically transferred to humans, since they one-sidedly and incompletely shed light on the origin, occurrence and restoration of impaired functions in the form in which they occur in the human body. This is due to significant species differences in the processes of vital activity in animals and humans, the important role social factors in the occurrence, development and outcomes of human diseases.
To the stages scientific experiment can be attributed:
1) experiment planning;
2) modeling of pathology on an animal at various levels of organism integration (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism).
Modeling is the reproduction of the structural and functional complex of the disease in a more simplified form to determine the causes, conditions and mechanisms of its development, the development of methods of treatment and prevention.
Basic requirements for the model:
■ commonality of the etiological factor; ■ high reproducibility of the model in the experiment;
■ commonality of morphological, biochemical and functional features at various levels of organism integration (systemic, organ, cellular, subcellular, molecular);
■ common principles of therapy of the original and the model; ■ similarity in the development of typical complications.
In pathology, depending on the degree of simplification and the level of study, it is possible to simulate pathological processes, pathological reactions, pathological conditions, individual nosological forms of the disease, disturbances in the activity of individual cells, and molecular disorders.
3. Study of the pathological process in dynamics using modern morphological, biochemical, physiological, biophysical, immunological and other methods (complex analysis).
4. Development of methods of pathogenetic therapy with subsequent transfer of the obtained data to the clinic (clinical testing). Experimental therapy is carried out on the basis of the formulated hypothesis of the pathogenesis of the process and has great importance not only for the development of therapeutic measures and the implementation
in clinic of new drugs, but also serves as a criterion for the correctness of ideas about pathogenesis.
5. Processing of the obtained results modern methods statistics. In pathophysiology, methods of clinical observation and examination of a sick person are also widely used. Clinical pathophysiology is becoming an actual section of pathophysiology nowadays, having as its main task the study of general issues of the etiology and pathogenesis of human diseases. The task of clinical pathophysiology also includes the elucidation of the compensatory capabilities of the body, which ensure its functioning in conditions of illness.
and pathological process.
METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY
1.1. Nosology
Nosology is the study of disease. The concept of "disease" is a key concept of medicine, since the daily practical activities of a doctor are aimed at detecting a disease, identifying its belonging to a particular nosological group and prescribing appropriate treatment. When trying to give a scientific definition of a disease, serious difficulties arise, primarily related to the objective complexity of this category, which they try to fit into the Procrustean bed of a brief and consistent definition.
Before formulating the definition of the concept of "disease", it is advisable to dwell on the definition of a number of basic medical and biological terms.
There is no doubt that the basis of any disease is the deviation of the vital activity of the organism from its natural (normal) course.
biological norm- this is the range of variability of an indicator or trait, within which the optimum functioning of a living system is maintained. Optimum functioning is the full implementation of some biological function with minimal energy consumption and minimal involvement of working structures. The norm is not a rigidly set constant, but a dynamic optimum, depending on the individual characteristics of the organism and its functional state. The norm indicators established for the state of rest change significantly in the state of activity (during physical activity, emotional stress) and are considered normal for this functional state. If we determine the content of glucose in the blood of an athlete at the start and finish of the marathon distance, then, undoubtedly, very different numerical values \u200b\u200bof this indicator will be obtained. However, both are the norm, given that the initial values of the indicator were obtained at rest, and the final values after intense physical activity. There is no abstract norm, norm "in general". The norm is always "tied" to a certain functional state of the organism or specific real conditions of its existence (physical activity, weightlessness, hypobaric hypoxia, etc.). In itself, the difference in indicators and even their going beyond the average statistical norm does not yet indicate pathology.
The term "norm" can be used to characterize any individual parameter (blood pressure, sugar level), to assess any function (biliary secretion, gastric secretion) or the activity of an organ (system). The norm for the whole organism is health.
Health (as defined by WHO experts) is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is the optimum functioning of the body as an integral system.
Health and disease - there are different states in which the body can be. There are two more transition states: one of them is on
Year of issue: 2002
Genre: Pathophysiology
Format: Djvu
Quality: Scanned pages (poor quality)
Description: The textbook "General Pathology" includes a lecture course on the main problems of general pathology, as well as materials test control, situational tasks and recommended literature for each section. It reflects the close pathogenetic relationship of structural and functional changes at the cellular, organ and system levels, which is extremely important for the perception of actual problems of pathology by students of medical universities.
The textbook "General Pathology" is intended for independent extracurricular work of students.
"General Pathology"
Introduction to the subject
- The main stages in the development of general pathology and pathophysiology
- Content and structure of the subject of pathophysiology
- Nosology as component general pathology
- Theories of causality in nosology. Criticism of idealistic and metaphysical theories of the etiology of the disease
- reactivity and resistance. Environmental conditions
- Pathology of the cytoplasmic membrane and cell organelles
- Pathology of the cell nucleus
- Dystrophy. Necrosis. apoptosis
- Regulation of acid-base homeostasis
- Typical disorders of the acid-base state. general characteristics
- Non-gas acidosis
- gas acidosis
- Pathogenic effect of ionizing radiation
- Pathogenic effect of electric current
- General characteristics in the stage of development of the general adaptation syndrome
- Mechanisms of nonspecific resistance provided by hormonal shifts
- Mechanisms of maladjustment in the development of OSA
- Endogenous mechanisms of antistress protection
- Shock. Etiological factors and classification
- traumatic shock
- Complications of traumatic shock
- traumatic disease
- Stress-limiting body systems in traumatic shock
- Principles of pathogenetic therapy of traumatic shock
- Material hyperemia
- Venous congestion
- Edema
- Thrombosis
- Embolism
- Ischemia
- heart attack
- Bleeding
- Modern ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammation
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms of development of primary and secondary alteration. Classification of inflammatory mediators. Characteristics of their biological action
- Significance of connective tissue elements, endothelial cells, blood cells in the mechanisms of inflammation development
- Features of metabolic disorders in the focus of inflammation
- Mechanisms of development of proliferation in the focus of inflammation
- The effect of inflammation on the body
- General characteristics and definition of the concept
- Structural and functional organization of the apparatus of thermoregulation. Mechanisms of fever development
- Positive and negative value of fever
- Hyperthermia
- Definition. Etiological and epidemiological factors
- Stages of the infectious process and mechanisms of the body's defense against infections
- Immune response in normal and pathological conditions
- General characteristics of allergen antigens
- Metabolism and transformation of antigens in the body. Induction of an immune response
- Patterns of implementation of humoral immunity
- Features of the interaction of lymphocytes and macrophages during the induction of allergic reactions. Features of the development of allergic reactions of humoral and cellular types
- Immunodeficiency states
- Physiology and pathology of phagocytosis
- General characteristics of morphological and functional features of phagocytic cells
- Stages of the phagocytosis process
- Etiopathogenetic factors in the development of phagocytosis insufficiency
- The role of the pathology of phagocytosis in the development of insufficiency of specific immunological defense mechanisms, nonspecific resistance and the formation of allergic reactions
- The amount and distribution of water in the body
- Classification of dyshydria
- Dehydration
- Hyperhydration
- Classification of tumors
- Biological features of tumors
- Stages of the tumor process
- Etiology of tumors
- Mechanisms of carcinogenesis
- Factors contributing to carcinogenesis
- The effect of the tumor on the body
Chesnokova Nina Pavlovna (born 1940) – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician Russian Academy natural sciences (2002). In 1963 she graduated with honors from the medical faculty of the Saratov Medical Institute. Head of the Department of Pathophysiology of the SSMU since 1975, first as an associate professor, and then as a professor. In 1966 she defended her Ph.D. thesis on the topic: "On the mechanism of impaired renal excretory function in tetanus", and in 1979 - her doctoral dissertation "On the role of metabolic disorders of biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of botulinum intoxication and the possibility of their pharmacological correction."
main direction scientific activity N.P. Garlic is the study of the problems of the pathogenesis of bacterial intoxications, in particular botulinum, tetanus, gas gangrenous. For a number of years, there have been Scientific research together with RosNIPCHI "Microbe" to study the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and disorders of blood coagulation potential in plague and cholera intoxication. Currently, N.P. Chesnokova is the co-director of complex scientific work carried out jointly with the departments of obstetrics and gynecology of the medical faculty, FUV and teaching staff on the problems of oncology, pathogenesis of preeclampsia, chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis, discoordination of contractility, myometrium in case of threatened abortion.
Under the guidance and advisory participation of Nina Pavlovna, 3 doctoral and 20 master's theses were prepared and defended. He is the editor and co-author of 5 thematic collections of scientific papers, 50 teaching aids, a series of lectures for students, doctors, graduate students, residents on a number of important sections of pathology. Nina Pavlovna is a highly qualified teacher, for 42 years she has been conducting practical classes with students of all faculties, giving specialized courses of lectures at the medical, pediatric and dental faculties, as well as for doctors in Saratov. For many years he has been a member of the Central Coordinating Methodological Council, a member of the specialized Scientific Councils of the SSMU and VNIPCHI "Microbe", a member of the Academic Council of the Medical Faculty of the SSMU, the chairman of the cyclic methodological commission on fundamental disciplines.
For successful work, Professor N.P. Chesnokova was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, the medal Veteran of Labour. Nina Pavlovna is the author of more than 400 works in the central and local press. The works of N.P. Chesnokova were published abroad: in Israel, Finland, Turkey, Portugal. scientific work: Botulism; Inflammation; Typical pathological processes; Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of actual problems of obstetrics and gynecology.
