Plan
Introduction
1 Biography
2 Firm "Heinkel"
2.1 List of aircraft
3 V post-war years
5 Literature
Introduction Ernst Heinkel (ur. Ernst (Heinrich) Heinkel; January 24, 1888 (18880124), Grunbach - January 30, 1958, Stuttgart) - German aircraft designer. 1. Biography Ernst Heinkel was born on January 24, 1888 in Grunbach (Württemberg). From 1907 to 1911 he studied at the Technische Hochschule Stuttgart. He became interested in aviation after visiting the International Exhibition in Frankfurt in 1909, in the same year he began building his first aircraft of the Farman biplane type. In 1911, he flew on this plane, but crashed and was seriously injured. He worked as a designer for F. Schneider, then moved to the Albatros Aircraft company. In 1914 he became the technical director and chief designer of the Hansa und Brandenburgischen Flugzeugwerke aircraft manufacturing company. During the years of the First World War, Heinkel created more than 30 types of aircraft used by the armies of Germany and Austria. 2. Firm "Heinkel" In 1922 he founded an aircraft manufacturing company in Rostock (Germany), which existed until 1945. In the early 1930s, he built a seven-seat He 70 transport aircraft, on which in 1933 a speed record was set - 375 kilometers per hour. In subsequent years, he created the He 50 dive bomber and the He 51 fighter. By the mid-1930s, the Heinkel company was a powerful aviation concern with its own design bureau, serial factories, aviation workshops and a flight research base. Everything new and advanced in the achievements of aviation science was immediately embodied in the designs of the aircraft he created. The company produced more than 100 types of aircraft (training, passenger, reconnaissance, bombers, fighters, etc.). In 1939, he built the first experimental jet aircraft He 176 (with a rocket engine) and Heinkel He 178 (with a Pabst von Ohain turbojet engine). Heinkel He 111 twin-engine bombers were widely used in World War II. From 1950, Heinkel ran an aircraft manufacturing company in Stuttgart. 2.1. List of aircraft
- Heinkel HD 37 (I-7) Heinkel He 38 Heinkel He 43 Heinkel He 45 Heinkel He 46 Heinkel He 49 Heinkel He 50 Heinkel He 51 Heinkel He 59 Heinkel He 60 Heinkel He 70 Heinkel He 72 Heinkel He 74 Heinkel He 100 Heinkel He 111 Heinkel He 112 Heinkel He 113- Heinkel He 114 Heinkel He 115 Heinkel He 116 Heinkel He 172 Heinkel He 162 Volksjager Heinkel He 176 Heinkel He 177 Greife Heinkel He 178 Heinkel He 219 Uhu Heinkel He 274 Heinkel He 277 Heinkel He 380 Heinkel He 33- -> Heinkel Lerche
5 Literature
- Lutz Warsitz: THE FIRST JET PILOT - The Story of German Test Pilot Erich Warsitz, Pen and Sword Books Ltd., England, 2009, ISBN 978-1-84415-818-8, English Edition
Heinkel (left) in preparation for testing the He-111 model in a wind tunnel, next to the leading designers of the machine
Gala evening of the Lilienthal Society, Potsdam October 11, 1938. From left to right Ernst Udet, Erhard Milch, Ernst Heinkel
Biography [ | ]
He became interested in aviation after visiting the International Exhibition in Frankfurt in 1909, in the same year he began building his first aircraft of the Farman biplane type. In 1911, he flew on this plane, but crashed and was seriously injured.
He worked as a designer for F. Schneider, then moved to the Albatross Flugtsoygwerke company.
In 1914, he became the technical director and chief designer of the Hansa und Brandenburgische Flugzeugwerke aircraft manufacturing company. During the years of the First World War, Heinkel created more than 30 types of aircraft used by the armies of Germany and Austria.
Firm "Heinkel"[ | ]
In 1922 he founded an aircraft manufacturing company in Rostock (Germany), which existed until 1945. In the early 1930s, he built a seven-seat transport aircraft He 70, on which in 1933 a speed record was set - 375 kilometers per hour. In subsequent years, he created the He 50 dive bomber and the He 51 fighter. By the mid-1930s, the Heinkel company was a powerful aviation concern with its own design bureau, serial plants, aviation workshops and a flight research base. Everything new and advanced in the achievements of aviation science was immediately embodied in the designs of the aircraft he created. The company produced more than 100 types of aircraft (training, passenger, reconnaissance, bombers, fighters, etc.). In 1939, he built the first experimental jet aircraft He 176 (with a rocket engine) and Heinkel He 178 (with a Pabst von Ohain turbojet engine). Heinkel He 111 twin-engine bombers were widely used in World War II.
In 1938, Heinkel was awarded, together with Ferdinand Porsche and Fritz Todt, the newly established (1937) German National Prize in Arts and Sciences, which he shared equally (50 thousand marks each) with Willy Messerschmit.
The procedure was repeated three more times. Now all four stood with diplomas and listened to Hitler's final words. An acquaintance, General Engel, will later tell Ernst the background of his awarding this prize. Bormann was against his candidacy, apparently having read a thick dossier on Ernst compiled by the people of Gauleiter Hildebrand immediately after 1933, when he categorically refused to fire his Jewish designers. But Goering insisted on the candidacy of Heinkel and brought the issue to Hitler's consideration. He took Goering's side and said: "We must give this Swabian mule what he deserves." After graduation, Ernst was left with only a vague idea of what exactly Hitler and Goebbels were telling him.
Four months have flown by, and again an invitation that cannot be refused. This time to Berlin, to the Reich Chancellery, for an appointment with Hitler. Again a black tailcoat with a white bow tie, again Hitler's handshake and some unmemorable words of his greeting. All four winners of the German National Prize for 1938, Hitler presented personalized gold medals with diamonds and large checks.
The year 1939 has come - the beginning of great trials and hardships for all the people of the planet Earth. This bitter fate does not escape Ernst Heinkel, who, in obedience to his fate, made a significant contribution to this catastrophe.
village tomboy
He was born on a terribly frosty day, January 24, 12 years before the onset of the turbulent 20th century, in the quiet mountain village of Grünbach, lost in the expanses of Swabia, not far from Stuttgart. The burgomaster registered the baby under a double name - Ernst Heinrich.
His father, Karl, like all the men of Heinkels, was a craftsman, tinned and soldered. From copper and iron sheets he could build any thing useful in the village, and he always had a lot of work. If, when feeding small children, they put on bibs, then for Ernst, the father knocked out a convenient special tray from a thin copper sheet.
His mother, Katharina Heinkel, née Hander, was from the same village. From time immemorial, the Handers have been growing grapes in the vicinity of Grünbach. Katharina surrounded little Ernst with as much warmth and care as she could.
Karl Heinkel can only be the most devoted and loving mother. On Sundays she put on her only black dress, dressed up her children in all the best, made sure that her husband also looked decent. Together they went to hear the sermon of their respected pastor.
Karl Heinkel
Ernst was born in big house on the village street, where the father's shop and workshop were located on the ground floor. During the winter, this mountainous area received a lot of snow. In order not to clean the roof, all the houses in the village were pointed.
Katharina Heinkel
When Ernst became a schoolboy, he already showed his unbridled temperament and incredible energy. The women of Grünbach wringed their hands in horror at the sight of little Heinkel, riding a bicycle down the mountain along a steep street, whose feet did not even reach the pedals to slow down. The pastor claimed that this tomboy would never become a respectable citizen.
Little Ernst was interested in literally everything. He already felt free and independent. It was as if there were no authorities for him. He wanted to try everything himself. And only when he was burned did he admit that it was bad. The rural teacher and pastor were sadly forced to tell Ernst's father that his youngest son was doing everything that was forbidden by the Holy Scriptures.
Nevertheless, by the time he graduated from the primary rural school, Ernst Heinkel's successes were recognized as sufficient for admission to high school in the nearby town of Schorndorf. This school was coveted by those village parents who wanted to provide a better future for their children. And Ernst justified the hope of his parents, he graduated from this school and was accepted into the senior classes of the school in the city of Kanstadt. Ernst's purposefulness has already manifested itself here - he graduated from school as one of six best students. There were tears of joy in the mother's eyes. The father noted with conviction that in the head of his youngest son, Ernst, there is something other than stupidity, thoughtlessness, girls and an incessant desire to drink in smoky taverns.
The Heinkel House in Grünbach
Now the whole Heinkel family really began to dream that Ernst would get them higher education and be an engineer. Yes, and Ernst already understood that an engineering degree is a ticket to a fabulous technical country full of wonders. The father agreed to pay for Ernst's studies at the university. But a hundred years ago in Germany, before entering the higher technical educational institution I had to go through a year of internship at the factory. And Ernst goes to the town of Bissingen, north of Stuttgart, to the Grotz factory, which at that time produced high-precision tools and crankshafts for engines. How could he have imagined that in many years this plant would be his property and only a small part of his aviation concern?
Memorial plaque on the house where Ernst Heinkel was born
Ernst's mentor turned out to be the elderly master Scheible, in whose house, in a small attic, Ernst settled. He was given the first salary in his life - 12 marks a week, and he consistently studied locksmith skills, work on lathes and milling machines. Then there was another dirty, dusty and noisy foundry. In parting, the smiling craftsman Scheible presented Ernst with a pocket watch chain made of metal, which the trainee turned into shavings.
Now the doors of the Higher Technical School of Stuttgart have opened before the village tomboy Ernst Heinkel.
airship disaster
The morning papers of August 5, 1908, reported that the gigantic airship Zeppelin LZ 4 with its creator on board was flying over the Rhine Valley and that its route ran from Lake Constance, where its floating hangar is located, to Frankfurt and back. Hundreds of thousands of Germans peered into the sky, hoping to see this miracle with their own eyes. But then a rumor got around: the airship had arrived and was landing on the western outskirts of Stuttgart, on the field of Echterdingen. Who on bicycles, motorcycles and cars, who in crowded trains rushed there. Among the passengers of one of the trains was a 20-year-old student, Ernst Heinkel.
He, like thousands of citizens, admired the unprecedented giant airship that flew to these parts as if from another world. This faceted cigar is incredible large sizes, inflated from the inside, with vertical and horizontal fins in the tail, two engine nacelles on the bottom sides, in front of which the propellers rotated, slowly and lazily approaching the ground, clearly intending to land. This outstanding flying engineering structure fascinated a fourth-year student at the Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart. Ernst immediately noted that there were four horizontal fins in the tail of the airship, and only two vertical ones, and that the rudder was attached separately from the vertical fins and for some reason had an oval shape. While he was thinking about the design features of the aircraft, the giant landed safely. An anchor was lowered from its bow on the ropes and fixed to the ground. People came out of the cabin at the bottom of the hull. Cars drove up, and some of the passengers of the airship left.
Some time passed and the wind picked up. A strong gust pressed the airship so hard that its anchor broke out of the ground and hooked on the bearded man's thigh, leaving a lacerated wound. He screamed incessantly in pain. Another poor fellow from the starting team, clinging to the ropes of the anchor, was lifted into the air by the released airship and carried to the edge of the field. At the same time, his feed came very close to the dense, low trees.
Ernst Heinkel with his biplane, 1914
But in the spring of 1914, the indefatigable Ernst Heinkel had already left the Albatross company with its Otto Wiener - he was looking for new opportunities and new, freer conditions for the work of an aircraft designer.
Biplane Heinkel B II 1914 release in Poland
biplane on floats
Chapter 4
aircraft designer
Jew Camillo Castiglioni
He was the son of the Chief Rabbi of the city of Trieste, which then belonged to Austria-Hungary. From childhood, he already stood out among his peers with the logic of thinking, physical development and deep knowledge in various fields. All this was obtained by great curiosity and hard work. In the end, he felt that his true calling was business. Jurisprudence and international financial relations became his main passion. Working as a clerk in the Bank of Padua, he clearly mastered the technology of money management. At twenty-five years old, he is already the CEO of a large rubber concern that produces tires for cars, motorcycles and bicycles.
Their age difference was nine years, but almost at the same time, both of them decided that aviation had an unprecedented development and a great future. But if the student Ernst Heinkel decided to devote himself to creating the best examples of aircraft, then the young financier Camillo Castiglioni could already afford to acquire shares in aviation enterprises and create new ones. He was constantly on the lookout for profitable investments. While the generals of Austria-Hungary were heatedly debating which military value have airships, the young financier was already firmly convinced that the future belongs only to airplanes. He immediately convinces several prominent financiers and industrialists from Austria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia to invest in the construction of a plant for the production of aircraft engines. He then sets up the Phoenix Aircraft Factory in Vienna and eventually becomes its owner. He overcame the doubts of the Austrian generals about airplanes by giving Kaiser Franz Joseph two cars and making it clear that the rental of such cars depended on the decision of Austria-Hungary to start building airplanes. Camillo Castiglioni becomes a wealthy and influential financier in Europe.
It was early morning. Ernst Heinkel found fresh mail on his desk in the Brandenburg factory. Among the envelopes, one stood out. He was too chic. It was stamped by the Berlin post office and instead of the name of the sender there were two mysterious letters "K.K." The letter began with the same initials and was very short:
“Dear Mr. Heinkel! I would be very grateful if you would visit me on June 5 at a convenient time for you in my room 401 of the Adlon Hotel in Berlin.”
The signature was illegible, but the hotel where Ernst was invited was considered the best in the capital. On the appointed day, Ernst Heinkel appeared in the Adlon hall after dinner and handed the letter to the maître d'. He immediately assured with respect:
“I will report to you immediately.
Who wrote this letter to me? Ernst couldn't resist.
- You were invited by Mr. Castiglioni. You don't know him? This is an Austrian millionaire. He owns industrial concerns and aircraft factories, and he always stays with us when he is in Berlin.
The maitre d' took Ernst to a luxurious suite and asked him to wait in the waiting room. Returning immediately, he helpfully opened the door for Heinkel into a room with a huge desk, from behind which a small but broad-shouldered man got up. He was very well dressed, but for some reason Ernst remembered the big black pearl in his tie. He had an unusual head with a slightly puffy face, which could hardly be called handsome, but for some reason Ernst found it very attractive. His black hair did not cover his large forehead and was combed back. The intent eyes, slightly covered by swollen upper eyelids, radiated confidence and warmth. In general, the appearance of this gentleman eloquently spoke of his Jewish origin. It was immediately clear to Ernst that in front of him was an outstanding personality with a clear business mindset.
“Camillo Castiglioni,” he introduced himself. - I'm glad you came. Let's sit down.
Camillo Castiglioni
Castiglioni was saying something German He had a slight Italian accent. The soft voice sounded confidentially soothing, like that of a good hypnotist. Ernst woke up when he heard:
“Mr. Heinkel, I would like to hire you. What are your conditions?
Since Ernst was still silent, Castiglioni continued:
- Mr. Heinkel, I built two aircraft factories - "Phoenix" in Vienna and UFAG in Budapest. And I need a chief designer who will create aircraft for their production at these factories. I have collected comprehensive information about you. You are just the person I need. I offer you a salary of one hundred thousand crowns a year.
Naming such an astronomical amount, the banker was sure that Heinkel would immediately agree without any objections. But Ernst remained silent. The recent sweet exhortations of Etrich, who had actually given him completely to this greedy Kruger, flashed through his head. Is this handsome rich man also offering cheese that will end up in a mousetrap?
The owner of a chic office looked at the aircraft designer with surprise and alarm. Will he say "no"? Ernst took a deep breath and rapped out:
“Mr. Castiglioni, I am in the highest degree flattered by your offer, but the existence of the Brandenburg Aircraft Company now depends entirely on the models of airplanes that I am currently working on. And I can't leave the company.
There was a long silence in the office. The millionaire lit a cigarette and said clearly, but with a hint of mystery: “Mr. Heinkel, I am very sorry. But in a week you will hear from me again.”
All week Ernst was busy with design matters at the factory in Brandenburg. On the eighth day, when he was checking another drawing in his tiny office, he was called by Councilor Kruger. He beamed with happiness: “Mr. Heinkel, I must inform you that yesterday I successfully sold all my shares in the Brandenburg Aircraft Company to Mr. Camillo Castiglioni from Vienna. And it was not hard for me to part with them. For several months you have been trying to convince me that building airplanes is too tiring for me. But it's not. I'm still thinking about building planes with you."
It became clear to Ernst that Castiglioni is not the kind of person who throws words to the wind. In the morning, on his desk, he again found a letter in a chic envelope with the sender's initials "K.K." The next day he entered the lobby of the Adlon Hotel. The radiant Castiglioni greeted him cordially in his office: “Well, what did I tell you, Mr. Heinkel? Since I couldn't hire you, I had to buy the entire factory with you. I hope you're worth it." From a further conversation, Ernst learned that his new boss also bought the Etrich aircraft plant in Liebau. Now he turned out to be the chief designer and technical director of the same concern where he worked, but with a much higher salary. At the end of the conversation, still smiling, Camillo remarked: “If you justify my hopes, you will always have my support. I often throw money out the window, but it always comes back to me.”
At twenty-six, you still have your whole life ahead of you, and in the future you want to take as much as possible from it. You are full of bright hopes and absorb, like a sponge, those rules and patterns that will ensure your success. Ernst looked at him with great respect. financial genius listening and remembering. And most importantly, he boundlessly trusted Castiglioni.
If he said "strike the iron while it's hot" - for the successful sale and commissioning of new aircraft, they must be built as quickly as possible, then for Ernst Heinkel it was a strict requirement to increase the production manufacturability of the aircraft design, even to the detriment of its weight and some reduction in flight characteristics.
Camillo Castiglioni and Ernst Heinkel now had a common goal - to sell as many aircraft as possible. And this was possible under the same condition - they must be good. And Camillo dedicates Ernst to the most intimate secrets of business, financial support for the production of aircraft and personnel policy. This knowledge for young Ernst was invaluable. For the rest of his life he would use them and thank his Jewish teacher in his heart.
And the attitude towards the "international Jewish financial jackal" in Germany and Austria-Hungary, which started the First world war, was ambiguous. Even Kaiser Franz Joseph told his associates after Castiglioni's visit to him: “If his career continues in the same way, then our monarchy will cease to be known as“ K. and K. - Kaiserstvo and Kingdom”, but will be denoted by the same letters, but with a different content: “K. and K. – Camillo Castiglioni”. There were too many haters. He was slandered and published dirty lampoons. He was accused of high treason and lack of patriotism due to the fact that he loved Italy with all his heart, and she was on the side of the Entente. Ernst was with him and saw how his heart broke when the planes he built in Brandenburg, Vienna and Budapest were to fight against Italy.
Anti-Semitism flourished among the officers of the Austro-Hungarian Aviation Arsenal. Although the customers of military aircraft understood that the bulk of them came from the factories of Castiglioni, they were disgusted with this Jew. The young officers and their leader, the adjutant of the commander of the Arsenal, Captain Weingartner, were especially vicious. The fact that Castiglioni had converted to Protestantism twenty years ago did not cool their ardor very much. But the fact that, moreover, he was born in Italy, made him a hidden enemy in their eyes.
This antipathy of the officers extended to Heinkel. In addition, they did not like that such a young German introduced them to the design of new aircraft. When a group of officers arrived at the factory in Brandenburg and Ernst, welcoming the customers, extended his hand to their senior, she hung in the air. Captain Weingartner, smiling wryly, turned away without shaking his hand. The vanity of the young technical director of the plant was so hurt that he complained to the boss.
"Don't worry," he said very slowly. “I can endure, but I will have my revenge on him in due time.”
A few weeks later, Camillo Castiglioni challenged Captain Weingartner to a duel. They chose swords. Camillo escaped with a scratch on his nose, and the captain was carried away on a stretcher.
“I suppose our friend will be more polite in the future,” Camillo reminded Ernst when they met. “You’ll see, then everything will go like clockwork.”
Camillo treated Ernst like a younger friend. He generously paid for all the business trips of his aircraft designer, during which Ernst stayed in the most fashionable hotels. He often invited me to his truly royal palace in Vienna at Schwarzenbergplatz. And once he asked to accompany him to the city theater, saying: “I want to show you one woman. She is a treasure."
Ernst knew that he was divorced from his second wife, was famous for his fiery temperament and was wildly successful with women. In the theater box, Ernst stole a look at the expression on his boss's face, and it seemed to Camillo that this play - "Caesar and Cleopatra" - was much more important than any of his new financial projects. Excited Castiglioni stared only at the heroine. It was a rising star of the scene, seventeen-year-old Evgenia Bukhman.
“Heinkel, look at this girl,” whispered Camillo, leaning towards Ernst. What an amazing creature!
As soon as the curtain fell for the last time, the lover instantly disappeared from the box. This was only the beginning of a dizzying romance between a millionaire and a beautiful artist. He sent her countless flower baskets, expensive gifts and invitations to interesting events. high society. For a long time she resisted and did not accept his courtship. Finally, she gave in. Their wedding was a highlight of Vienna.
Ernst Heinkel was also a sincere admirer of her beauty. When Eugenia and Camillo visited the Brandenburg factory a few months later, he hired an Austrian pilot to air escort them away. The plane flew at low speed over their train to Potsdam.
Despite the huge gap that existed between the social position of Ernst Heinkel and Camillo Castiglioni and their lifestyle, they were very friendly. During the war, Ernst met a lot of prominent financiers and industrialists at the Castiglioni house in Vienna. The black-bearded Hugo Stinnes used to frequent here, always in a shabby suit. He was already openly dreaming of a post-war industrial kingdom in which he would play the title role.
In addition to all the talents of Castiglioni, he had an incredible flair for capable people whom he tried to bring closer to him. One of them was a little-known board member of the National Bank, Halmar Schacht. It was in 1917 that Schacht called Castiglioni and offered to show the new catalog for an auction of paintings in Berlin. “Fine,” Castiglioni replied. “But since we have never met, I will visit you.” After meeting Schacht, he told Heinkel: “This man will make the future. Do you really think I need Rembrandt paintings? There are plenty of them in my palace. But this is an occasion to meet the people of the future. Shakht is a genius." Castiglioni was a visionary. Schacht will become President of the Reichsbank of Germany.
Another bright personality met Ernst Heinkel in the Castiglioni house. It was Ferdinand Porsche, the engine designer. His name will be on everyone's lips in twenty years, when he will design the famous people's car "Beetle". The owner of the house was well aware of both the talents and the shortcomings of Porsche. Porsche has recently developed a very reliable aircraft engine at Austro-Daimler, which has been successfully used in Austrian seaplanes. In the circle of close friends, in the presence of Ernst, Castiglioni spoke confidentially:
“I can't afford to hire a Porsche. He has a mania for constantly improving the developed design of the motor. Here is Heinkel, of course he makes mistakes. But if he said that this plane is ready for serial production, then nothing changes on it. And Porsche is constantly changing the design of the created motor, and for me it is too expensive.
“But he knows what he is talking about,” thought Ernst. “Since Camillo acquired the Bavarian Motor Works (BMW), which manufactures Porsche aircraft engines, the showdown with their designer has taken a lot of strength from the owner.”
“You can, of course, hire a Porsche. He is amazingly talented. But in this case, you must lock him in a cage with seven locks, and let him construct his motors there. Get blueprints from him, and God forbid let him see the blueprints or the engine again - he will ruin you.
As the Entente planes steadily gained air supremacy on the Italian front and over the Adriatic in 1916, all more Heinkel received orders for his seaplanes. At the same time, Austria preferred flying boats, rather than aircraft on floats. At the request of Camillo, Heinkel designed the most successful single-seat and single-engine flying boat specifically for the famous Austrian pilot, Lieutenant of Naval Aviation Banfeld. Heinkel met him at the Austrian seaplane base in Trieste, where he often visited on issues that arose during the operation of his machines. The biplane flying boat was so well controlled in the air that Lieutenant Banfeld won victories in air battles with superior numbers of the enemy. Heinkel designated this series of flying boats with the index "SS" after the Latin initials Camillo Castiglioni.
2. Firm "Heinkel"
In 1922 he founded an aircraft manufacturing company in Rostock (Germany), which existed until 1945. In the early 1930s, he built a seven-seat He 70 transport aircraft, on which in 1933 a speed record was set - 375 kilometers per hour. In subsequent years, he created the He 50 dive bomber and the He 51 fighter. By the mid-1930s, the Heinkel company was a powerful aviation concern with its own design bureau, serial factories, aviation workshops and a flight research base. Everything new and advanced in the achievements of aviation science was immediately embodied in the designs of the aircraft he created. The company produced more than 100 types of aircraft (training, passenger, reconnaissance, bombers, fighters, etc.). In 1939, he built the first experimental jet aircraft He 176 (with a rocket engine) and Heinkel He 178 (with a Pabst von Ohain turbojet engine). Heinkel He 111 twin-engine bombers were widely used in World War II. From 1950, Heinkel ran an aircraft manufacturing company in Stuttgart.2.1. List of aircraft
- Heinkel HD 37 (I-7)
- Heinkel He 38
- Heinkel He 43
- Heinkel He 45
- Heinkel He 46
- Heinkel He 49
- Heinkel He 50
- Heinkel He 51
- Heinkel He 59
- Heinkel He 60
- Heinkel He 70
- Heinkel He 72
- Heinkel He 74
- Heinkel He 100
- Heinkel He 111
- Heinkel He 112
- Heinkel He 113-
- Heinkel He 114
- Heinkel He 115
- Heinkel He 116
- Heinkel He 172
- Heinkel He 162 Volksjager
- Heinkel He 176
- Heinkel He 177 Greife
- Heinkel He 178
- Heinkel He 219
- Heinkel He 274
- Heinkel He 277
- Heinkel He 280
- Heinkel He 343-->
- Heinkel Lerche
3. In the post-war years
In the postwar years, E. Heinkel was engaged in the design of motorcycles, scooters and bicycles.Ernst Heinkel died on January 30, 1958, leaving behind 154 completed aircraft designs and 13 aircraft catapults, as well as five jet aircraft. For his services, Heinkel received the title of professor, as well as the degree of doctor of science from the Technical Institute of Stuttgart and the University of Rostock.
5 Literature
- Lutz Warsitz: THE FIRST JET PILOT - The Story of German Test Pilot Erich Warsitz, Pen and Sword Books Ltd., England, 2009, ISBN 978-1-84415-818-8, English Edition
