"APPROVE"
Ataman of the Volga military
Cossack society
Cossack General I. Mironov
December 17, 2012

POSITION
on the procedure for assigning Cossack ranks to Cossacks
Volga Military Cossack Society.

I. General provisions

1. The assignment of Cossack ranks is carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for assigning ranks to members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 9, 2010 No. 169.

2. To streamline the production of ranks, the submission of Cossacks for the assignment of the next or extraordinary rank is considered by the permanent attestation commissions, which should be in all military Cossack societies.

3. The assignment of a Cossack rank to a member of the Cossack society is made in the Cossack certificate.

4. It is forbidden to assign Cossack ranks, bypassing the previous ones.
As an exception, early assignment of Cossack ranks is allowed, bypassing the previous ones, to members of Cossack societies elected to the positions of district (departmental) ataman - up to Yesaul and Army Ataman - up to military foreman. Subsequently, this category of persons is allowed to be assigned the next Cossack ranks ahead of schedule, if they have the appropriate education and undergo additional training for their position, but not earlier than after 6 months.

5. Submission for assignment (deprivation) of the Cossack rank is carried out in the form developed by the Office of the President Russian Federation on issues of the Cossacks. Submit documents for the assignment of Cossack ranks to the headquarters of the VVKO for registration and consideration by the attestation commission of the VVKO. After the decision is made by the attestation commission of the VVKO, the documents are submitted for signature to the Military Ataman.

6. Cossack ranks can be assigned to persons in the service (in reserve, retired) in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the justice authorities and the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation, in accordance with their military or special ranks and the positions they hold in Cossack society.

II. The order of production in the Cossack rank

1. A citizen of the Russian Federation enrolled in one of the Cossack societies of the VVKO is promoted to the rank of Cossack.

2. The rank of junior officer is promoted to a Cossack, an order, replacing a position for which the state provides for the rank of junior officer and above - after the expiration of his term of service in the previous rank.

3. A junior officer is promoted to the rank of officer, replacing the position for which the state provides for a rank from officer and above - after the expiration of his term of service in the previous rank.

4. An officer is promoted to the rank of senior officer, replacing the position for which the state provides for the rank of senior officer and above - upon the expiration of his term of service in the previous rank.

5. A senior sergeant is promoted to the rank of junior sergeant, replacing the position for which the state provides for the rank of junior sergeant and above - after the expiration of his term of service in the previous rank.

6. The junior sergeant-major is promoted to the rank of sergeant-major, replacing the position for which the state provides for the rank of sergeant-major and higher - after the expiration of his term of service in the previous rank.

7. A sergeant-at-arms is promoted to the rank of senior sergeant-major, replacing a position for which the state provides for the rank of senior sergeant-at-arms and above - after the expiration of his term of service in the previous rank.

8. A Cossack is promoted to the rank of coroner, having a military or special rank of junior lieutenant, assigned to public service(military or otherwise), subject to the position held, for which the rank of cadet is provided, as well as a senior sergeant major with an average special education and special training, in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of cadet and above is provided - after the expiration of the term of service in the previous rank.

9. A Cossack is promoted to the rank of cornet, having a military or special rank of lieutenant, assigned in the public service (military or otherwise), in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of cornet is provided, as well as a sub-horunzhi, having higher education and special training, in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of cornet and above is provided - after the expiration of the term of service in the previous rank.

10. The rank of centurion is promoted to a Cossack who has a military or special rank of senior lieutenant, assigned in the public service (military or otherwise), in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of centurion is provided, as well as a cornet who has a higher education and special training, in accordance the position held, for which the rank of cornet and above is provided - upon expiration of the term of service in the previous rank.

11. A Cossack with a military or special rank of captain assigned in the public service (military or otherwise) is promoted to the rank of sub-caesaul, in accordance with the position for which the rank of sub-saul is provided, as well as a centurion with higher education and special training, in accordance with the position held positions for which the rank of sub-cauldron and above is provided - upon expiration of the term of service in the previous rank.

12. A Cossack with a military or special rank of major assigned in the public service (military or otherwise) is promoted to the rank of Yesaul, in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of Yesaul is provided, as well as a sub-caesaul who has a higher education and special training, in accordance with the position held a position for which the rank of Yesaul and above is provided - upon expiration of the term of service in the previous rank.

13. A Cossack who has a military or special rank of lieutenant colonel, assigned in the public service (military or otherwise), is promoted to the rank of military foreman, in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of military foreman is provided, as well as a captain, who has a higher education and special training, with in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of foreman and above is provided - upon expiration of the term of service in the previous rank.

14. The rank of Cossack colonel is promoted to a Cossack who has a military or special rank of colonel, assigned in the public service (military or otherwise), in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of Cossack colonel is provided, as well as a military foreman who has a higher education and special training, in accordance with the position held, for which the rank of Cossack colonel and above is provided - upon expiration of the term of service in the previous rank.

III. The procedure for submitting documents for the assignment of Cossack ranks
1. Submissions for the assignment of Cossack ranks to the district (departmental) atamans of the VVKO (esaul, military foreman, Cossack colonel), after consideration of the official by the attestation commission of the VVKO, draw up the headquarters of the VVKO, the section "Basic for the submission" is signed by the Military Ataman, he is also in the section "Conclusion of officials Persons” petitions for the assignment of the Cossack rank.
2. Submissions for the assignment of Cossack ranks to officials of the Military Board of the VVKO are drawn up by the headquarters of the VVKO after consideration by the attestation commission of the VVKO, the section “Basic for the submission” is signed by the immediate superior of the official, in the section “Conclusion of officials” they apply for the assignment of the Cossack rank: when assigning the main ranks - the immediate superior of the official and the Military Ataman, when junior and senior ranks are introduced, the immediate superior.

3. Submissions for the assignment of Cossack ranks to atamans of farm, stanitsa, city, district, yurt Cossack societies, after consideration by the attestation commissions of the relevant Cossack societies, are drawn up by the headquarters of the district (departmental) Cossack society, the section "Basic for the submission" is signed by the district (departmental) ataman, he is in the section "Conclusion of officials" petitions for the assignment of the Cossack rank.

4. Submissions for the assignment of Cossack ranks to members of the boards of district (departmental) Cossack societies, after consideration by the attestation commission of the corresponding district (departmental) Cossack society, are drawn up by the headquarters of the district (departmental) Cossack society, the section “Basic for the submission” is signed by the immediate supervisor, in the section “Conclusion of officials persons” apply for the assignment of a Cossack: the main ranks - the immediate superior of the official, the district (departmental) ataman and the Military Ataman, junior and senior ranks - the immediate chief of the district (departmental) ataman.

5. Submissions for the assignment of Cossack ranks to officials of the farm, village, city, district, yurt Cossack society draws up and petitions for the assignment of the Cossack rank to the ataman of the corresponding farm, village, city, district, yurt Cossack society. The section “Basis for assignment” is signed by the ataman (KhKO, North Kazakhstan, GKO, South Kazakhstan), in the section “Conclusion of officials” they apply for the assignment of the Cossack rank: the main ranks are the chieftain (KhKO, North Kazakhstan, GKO, RKO, South Kazakhstan), district (departmental ) Ataman and Troop Ataman, junior and senior ranks - Ataman (HKO, North Kazakhstan, GKO, RKO, South Kazakhstan), district (departmental) chieftain, lower ranks - chieftain (HKO, North Kazakhstan, GKO, RKO, South Kazakhstan).

IV. The right to sign orders for the assignment of Cossack ranks to members of the VVKO.
1. The highest rank - Cossack General - President of the Russian Federation.

2. The main ranks - yesaul, military foreman, Cossack colonel - Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Volga Federal District.

3. Junior and senior ranks - junior sergeant major, sergeant major, senior sergeant major, cadet, cornet, centurion, podesaul - Ataman of the Volga military Cossack society.

4. Lower ranks - Cossack, orderly, junior officer, officer, senior officer - Ataman of the district (departmental) Cossack society.

Chief of staff
Volga Military Cossack Society
Cossack Colonel B. Kumaneev

On the lowest rung of the service ladder stood ordinary Cossack, corresponding to an infantry rank and file.

The next rung on the career ladder is junior officer and senior sergeant, corresponding to the junior non-commissioned officer, non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer and with the number of badges characteristic of modern non-commissioned officers.
Next came the rank sergeant major, who was not only in the Cossacks, but also in the non-commissioned officers of the cavalry and horse artillery. In the Russian army and gendarmerie, the sergeant-major was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant major corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry.

According to the regulation of 1884, introduced by Alexander III, the next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was an intermediate rank between ensign and ensign in the infantry, which was also introduced into war time. In peacetime, in addition to the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only for reserve officers.
The next degree in the chief officer ranks is, corresponding to a second lieutenant in the infantry and a cornet in the regular cavalry. According to his official position, he corresponded to a junior lieutenant in modern army, but wore epaulettes with a blue gap on a silver field (applied color of the Don Cossacks) with two stars. In the old army, compared to the Soviet one, the number of stars was one more.

Then followed - the chief officer rank in the Cossack troops, corresponding to the lieutenant in the regular army. The centurion wore epaulettes of the same design, but with three stars, corresponding in position to a modern lieutenant. The higher step subaul. This rank was introduced in 1884. In the regular troops, it corresponded to the rank of staff captain and staff captain. The podesaul was an assistant or deputy to the Yesaul and in his absence he commanded a Cossack hundred. Shoulder straps of the same design, but with four stars. According to his official position, he corresponds to a modern senior lieutenant.

And most high rank chief officer rank -. It is worth talking about this rank especially, since in a purely historical sense, the people who wore it held positions in both civil and military departments. In various Cossack troops, this position included various official prerogatives. The word comes from the Turkic "yasaul" - chief. In the Cossack troops it was first mentioned in 1576 and was used in the Ukrainian Cossack army. Yesauls were general, military, regimental, hundreds, stanitsa, marching and artillery. General Yesaul (two per Army) - the highest rank after the hetman. In peacetime, general captains performed inspection functions, in war they commanded several regiments, and in the absence of a hetman, the entire Army. But this is typical only for Ukrainian Cossacks. Troop captains were selected on the Troop Circle (in the Donskoy and most others - two per Troop, in the Volga and Orenburg - one each). Dealt with administrative matters. Since 1835, they were appointed as adjutants to the military ataman. Regimental captains (originally two per regiment) performed the duties of staff officers, were the closest assistants to the regiment commander. Hundreds of Yesauls (one per hundred) commanded hundreds. This link did not take root in the Don Cossacks after the first centuries of the existence of the Cossacks. The stanitsa Yesauls were typical only for the Don Cossacks. They were chosen at stanitsa gatherings and were assistants to stanitsa atamans. Camping captains (usually two per Army) were chosen when going on a campaign. They performed the functions of assistants to the marching ataman, in the 16th-17th centuries, in his absence, they commanded the army, and later they were executors of the orders of the marching ataman. The artillery captain (one per Army) was subordinate to the chief of artillery and carried out his orders.

General, regimental, stanitsa and other Yesauls were gradually abolished. Only the military esaul was preserved under the military ataman Donskoy Cossack army. In 1798 - 1800. the rank of captain was equated to the rank of captain in the cavalry. Yesaul, as a rule, commanded a Cossack hundred. Corresponded to the official position of the modern captain. He wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field without stars.

Next come the headquarters officers. In fact, after the reform of Alexander III in 1884, the rank of Yesaul entered this rank, in connection with which the major link was removed from the staff officer ranks, as a result of which a soldier from the captains immediately became a lieutenant colonel.

In the Cossack career ladder goes further military foreman. The name of this rank comes from the ancient name of the executive body of the Cossacks. In the second half of the 18th century, this name, in a modified form, spread to persons who commanded certain branches of the Cossack army. Since 1754, the military foreman was equated with a major, and with the abolition of this rank in 1884, with a lieutenant colonel. He wore shoulder straps with two blue gaps on a silver field and three large stars.

Well, it goes on colonel, shoulder straps are the same as those of a military foreman, but without stars. Starting from this rank, the service ladder is unified with the general army one, since purely Cossack titles disappear.

official position Cossack general fully corresponds to the general ranks of the Russian Army.

Modern Cossack ranks and shoulder straps of the Cossacks

Correspondence table of military ranks of the Russian army and Cossack ranks

Military rank	Shoulder strap RA	Cossack rank	Cossack shoulder strap
colonel		Cossack colonel
		military foreman
		subaul
senior lieutenant
lieutenant
Ensign
Senior Warrant Officer		senior sergeant major
ensign		sergeant major
		junior sergeant major
staff Sergeant

Story

The first ranks (positions) among the Cossacks (Zaporozhian Sich) hetman, ataman, clerk, centurion, foreman were elected.

The later appearance of ranks in the Cossack troops (colonel, military judge, captain, and so on) refers to the -XVI centuries, which was associated with the development of the military organization of the Cossacks as troops.

In the Russian army, ranks were first introduced in the middle of the 16th century in the streltsy army. The last Russian tsar and the first all-Russian emperor Peter I established a unified system of military, civil and court ranks, which was finally fixed in the year in the "Table of Ranks". The ranks corresponded to a certain class, the eldest of which was the first class.

At the end of the 18th century, officer ranks of the Cossack troops were included in the Table of Ranks.

In the year under Emperor Nicholas I, a unified system of all military ranks (ranks) was introduced in the Cossack troops. By that time, the Cossacks had the following ranks:

• headquarters officers (senior officers) - colonel, lieutenant colonel and military foreman;
• chief officers (junior officers) - captain, centurion, cornet;
• lower ranks - sergeant major, constable, orderly and Cossack (private).

In the future, this system of military ranks (ranks) in the Cossack troops did not tolerate any more changes. In the year the rank of cadet is introduced.

In 1884, the rank of lieutenant colonel was replaced by the rank of a military foreman, which previously corresponded to an army major, and the rank of cavalier was introduced, equal to the headquarters captain in the army cavalry.

ranks

Cossack

On the lowest rung of the service ladder of the Cossack army stood ordinary Cossack, corresponding to an infantry rank and file.

orderly

orderly had one tab and matched corporal in the infantry.

constable

The ranks of junior sergeant, sergeant and senior sergeant corresponded to junior non-commissioned officer, non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer, respectively, the number of badges is typical for modern non-commissioned officers.

Wahmister

Wahmister- the next rank, which was not only in the Cossacks, but also in the non-commissioned officers of the cavalry and horse artillery. In the Russian army and gendarmerie, the sergeant-major was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant major corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry.

Podhorunzhiy

According to the regulation of 1884, introduced by Alexander III, the next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was the "subhorunzhy", which corresponded to the rank of ensign in the infantry (ensign in the modern army), introduced only in wartime. In peacetime, in addition to the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only in reserve. Podkhorunzhiy did not belong to the officer rank and was a senior non-commissioned officer rank. The first officer rank in the infantry, only in wartime and for the militia, was the rank of ensign, which corresponded to the modern rank of ensign. In the Cossack troops, cavalry and gendarmerie, there was no rank corresponding to the modern rank of junior lieutenant.

cornet

cornet- the next degree in the chief officer ranks, corresponding to a second lieutenant in the infantry or a cornet in the cavalry. According to his official position, he corresponded to a junior lieutenant in the modern army, wore shoulder straps with a blue clearance on a silver field (the applied color of the Don Cossacks) with two stars.

centurion

centurion- chief officer rank in the Cossack troops, corresponding to a lieutenant in the regular army. The centurion wore epaulettes of the same design, but with three stars, corresponding in his position to a modern lieutenant. Commanded fifty.

Podsaul

Podsaul was an assistant or deputy captain, commanded a Cossack hundred. Shoulder straps had the same design as the centurion, but with four stars. According to his official position, he corresponds to a modern senior lieutenant. This rank was introduced in 1884. In the regular troops, it corresponded to the rank of staff captain and staff captain.

Esaul

Esauly were general, military, regimental, hundreds, stanitsa, marching and artillery. General Yesaul (two per Army) - the highest rank after the hetman. In peacetime, general captains performed inspection functions, in war they commanded several regiments, and in the absence of a hetman, the entire Army. But this is typical only for the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks.

Troop captains were selected on the Military Circle (in the Don and most others, two for the Army, in the Volga and Orenburg - one each). Dealt with administrative matters. Since 1835, they were appointed as adjutants to the military ataman.

Regimental captains(originally two per regiment) performed the duties of staff officers, were the closest assistants to the regiment commander. Hundreds of Yesauls (one per hundred) commanded hundreds. This link did not take root in the Don Cossacks after the first centuries of the existence of the Cossacks. The stanitsa Yesauls were typical only for the Don Cossacks. They were chosen at stanitsa gatherings and were assistants to stanitsa atamans.

Hiking captains(usually two per Army) were chosen when going on a campaign. They performed the functions of assistants to the marching ataman, in the 16th-17th centuries, in his absence, they commanded the army, and later they were executors of the orders of the marching ataman.

Artillery captain(one per Army) reported to the chief of artillery and carried out his instructions.

General, regimental, stanitsa and other Yesauls were gradually abolished.

Only the military esaul was preserved under the military ataman of the Cossack army.

In 1798 - 1800. the rank of captain was equated to the rank of captain in the cavalry.

Yesaul, as a rule, commanded (on behalf of the senior chief) a detachment from one to several hundred. Corresponded to the official position of the modern captain. He wore shoulder straps with one clearance without stars.

Army foreman

Name military foreman came from the ancient name of the executive body of the Cossacks. In the second half of the 18th century, this name, in a modified form, spread to persons who commanded certain branches of the Cossack army. Since 1754, the military foreman was equated with a major, and with the abolition of this rank in 1884, with a lieutenant colonel. He wore shoulder straps with two blue gaps on a silver field and three stars.

Colonel

Colonel- shoulder straps are the same as those of a military foreman, but without stars. Starting from this rank, the service ladder is unified with the general army, since the purely Cossack names of the ranks disappear.

Cossack general. The official position of a Cossack general fully corresponds to the general ranks of the Russian Army.

Hetman

Hetman- the traditional title of the leaders of the Zaporozhye Host; In April-December 1918 - the title of the post of head of the Ukrainian State.

Modern Cossack ranks in the Russian Federation

lower ranks

Cossack, Prikazny, Junior officer, Officer, Senior officer.

The first ranks (positions) among the Cossacks, the so-called Cossack foreman (Don, Zaporozhye, and so on) - ataman, hetman, clerk, kantary, centurion, foreman - were elected. The later appearance of ranks in the Cossack troops (colonel, ataman, military clerk, military judge, captain, and so on) refers to the XV-XVI centuries, which was associated with the development of the military organization of the Cossacks as troops. In the Russian army, ranks were first introduced in the middle of the 16th century in the archery army. The city Cossacks of the Russian state in the 16th-18th centuries were in the "device" at their head, which recruited them for service. The Cossack "head" was directly subordinate to the city governor or siege "head". The normal composition of the "device" was estimated at 500 people. "Instruments" were divided into hundreds, which were in the "order" of the centurions. Hundreds, in turn, were subdivided into fifty (led by Pentecostals) and tens (led by foremen). The rights and obligations of officials of the city Cossacks corresponded to the functions of the same officials among the archers. The Cossacks stationed in the cities received the name of the city where they were settled. The Cossacks who entered the service in detachments (stanitsa) retained their elected chieftains, who were subordinate to the Cossack "head" or the city governor. Guard Cossacks stood apart, often obeying their separate “head”. The rank of an ordinary guard Cossack was higher than the rank of a Pentecostal city Cossack. Cossack atamans, "heads", centurions and sentry Cossacks were equated with "children of the boyars" and received not only money, but also land plots for their service. The last Russian tsar and the first all-Russian emperor Peter I established a unified system of military, civil and court ranks, which was finally fixed in 1722 in the "Table of Ranks". The ranks corresponded to a certain class, the eldest of which was the first class. At the end of the 18th century, officer ranks of the Cossack troops were included in the Table of Ranks. In 1828, under Emperor Nicholas I, a unified system of all ranks (military ranks) was introduced in the Cossack troops. By that time, the Cossacks had the following ranks: headquarters officers (senior officers) - colonel, lieutenant colonel and military foreman; chief officers (junior officers) - captain, centurion, cornet; lower ranks - sergeant major, officer, orderly and Cossack (private). In the future, this system of ranks (military positions - ranks) in the Cossack troops did not tolerate any more changes. In 1880, the rank of cadet was introduced. In 1884, the rank of lieutenant colonel was replaced by the rank of a military foreman, which previously corresponded to an army major, and the rank of cavalier was introduced, equal to the headquarters captain in the army cavalry. In the Russian Empire, persons from the Cossack class, who performed the duties of the corresponding Cossack officers during their service, but did not have the right to be promoted to a military rank, were called "zauryad-horunzhiy", "zauryad-centurion", "zauryad-esaul". For example, the rank of "zauryad cornet" was given to sergeants and sergeants for military distinctions. On the shoulder straps of the cornet, they had “at the top” of the shoulder strap, across it, stripes of the rank from which they were promoted to officer rank. From regular Cossack officers, ordinary officers were also distinguished by some details of uniforms - the absence of officer lanyards, officer galloon on belts, etc.

Cossack ranks and titles:

On the lowest rung of the service ladder stood an ordinary Cossack, corresponding to an ordinary infantry. This was followed by an orderly, who had one badge and corresponded to a corporal in the infantry. The next rung of the career ladder is the junior officer and the senior officer, corresponding to the junior non-commissioned officer, non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer and with the number of badges characteristic of modern sergeants. This was followed by the rank of sergeant major, who was not only in the Cossacks, but also in the non-commissioned officers of the cavalry and horse artillery. In the Russian army and gendarmerie, the sergeant-major was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant major corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry. According to the regulation of 1884, introduced by Alexander III, the next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was the lieutenant, an intermediate rank between lieutenant and ensign in the infantry, which was also introduced in wartime. In peacetime, in addition to the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only for reserve officers. The next degree in the chief officer ranks is cornet, corresponding to a second lieutenant in the infantry and a cornet in the regular cavalry.

According to his official position, he corresponded to a junior lieutenant in the modern army, but wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field (the applied color of the Don Cossacks) with two stars. In the old army, compared to the Soviet one, the number of stars was one more. This was followed by a centurion - a chief officer rank in the Cossack troops, corresponding to a lieutenant in the regular army. The centurion wore epaulettes of the same design, but with three stars, corresponding in position to a modern lieutenant. A higher step - podesaul. This rank was introduced in 1884. In the regular troops, it corresponded to the rank of staff captain and staff captain. The podesaul was an assistant or deputy to the Yesaul and in his absence he commanded a Cossack hundred. Shoulder straps of the same design, but with four stars. According to his official position, he corresponds to a modern senior lieutenant. And the highest rank of chief officer rank is Yesaul. It is worth talking about this rank especially, since in a purely historical sense, the people who wore it held positions in both civil and military departments. In various Cossack troops, this position included various official prerogatives. The word comes from the Turkic "yasaul" - chief. In the Cossack troops it was first mentioned in 1576 and was used in the Ukrainian Cossack army. Yesauls were general, military, regimental, hundreds, stanitsa, marching and artillery. General Yesaul (two per Army) - the highest rank after the hetman. In peacetime, general captains performed inspection functions, in war they commanded several regiments, and in the absence of a hetman, the entire Army. But this is typical only for Ukrainian Cossacks. Troop captains were selected on the Troop Circle (in the Donskoy and most others - two per Troop, in the Volga and Orenburg - one each). Dealt with administrative matters. Since 1835, they were appointed as adjutants to the military ataman. Regimental captains (originally two per regiment) performed the duties of staff officers, were the closest assistants to the regiment commander. Hundreds of Yesauls (one per hundred) commanded hundreds. This link did not take root in the Don Cossacks after the first centuries of the existence of the Cossacks. The stanitsa Yesauls were typical only for the Don Cossacks. They were chosen at stanitsa gatherings and were assistants to stanitsa atamans. Camping captains (usually two per Army) were chosen when going on a campaign. They performed the functions of assistants to the marching ataman, in the 16th-17th centuries, in his absence, they commanded the army, and later they were executors of the orders of the marching ataman. The artillery captain (one per Army) was subordinate to the chief of artillery and carried out his orders. General, regimental, stanitsa and other Yesauls were gradually abolished. Only the military captain was preserved under the military ataman of the Don Cossack army. In 1798 - 1800. the rank of captain was equated to the rank of captain in the cavalry. Yesaul, as a rule, commanded a Cossack hundred. Corresponded to the official position of the modern captain. He wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field without stars. Next come the headquarters officers. In fact, after the reform of Alexander III in 1884, the rank of Yesaul entered this rank, in connection with which the major link was removed from the staff officer ranks, as a result of which a soldier from the captains immediately became a lieutenant colonel. In the Cossack service ladder, the military foreman goes next. The name of this rank comes from the ancient name of the executive body of the Cossacks. In the second half of the 18th century, this name, in a modified form, spread to persons who commanded certain branches of the Cossack army. Since 1754, the military foreman was equated with a major, and with the abolition of this rank in 1884, with a lieutenant colonel. He wore shoulder straps with two blue gaps on a silver field and three large stars. Well, then comes the colonel, shoulder straps are the same as those of the military foreman, but without stars. Starting from this rank, the service ladder is unified with the general army, since the purely Cossack names of the ranks disappear. The official position of a Cossack general fully corresponds to the general ranks of the Russian Army.

On the lowest rung of the service ladder stood an ordinary Cossack, corresponding to an ordinary infantry.

This was followed by an orderly, who had one badge and corresponded to a corporal in the infantry. The next rung of the career ladder is the junior officer and the senior officer, corresponding to the junior non-commissioned officer, non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer and with the number of badges characteristic of modern sergeants.

This was followed by the rank of sergeant major, who was not only in the Cossacks, but also in the non-commissioned officers of the cavalry and horse artillery. In the Russian army and gendarmerie, the sergeant-major was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant major corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry.

According to the regulation of 1884, introduced by Alexander III, the next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was the lieutenant, an intermediate rank between lieutenant and ensign in the infantry, which was also introduced in wartime. In peacetime, in addition to the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only for reserve officers.

The next degree in the chief officer ranks is a cornet, corresponding to a second lieutenant in the infantry and a cornet in the regular cavalry. According to his official position, he corresponded to a junior lieutenant in the modern army, but wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field (the applied color of the Don Cossacks) with two stars. In the old army, compared to the Soviet one, the number of stars was one more.

This was followed by a centurion - a chief officer rank in the Cossack troops, corresponding to a lieutenant in the regular army. The centurion wore epaulettes of the same design, but with three stars, corresponding in position to a modern lieutenant. The higher step is the podesaul. This rank was introduced in 1884. In the regular troops, it corresponded to the rank of staff captain and staff captain. The podesaul was an assistant or deputy to the Yesaul and in his absence he commanded a Cossack hundred.

Shoulder straps of the same design, but with four stars. According to his official position, he corresponds to a modern senior lieutenant.

And the highest rank of chief officer rank is Yesaul. It is worth talking about this rank especially, since in a purely historical sense, the people who wore it held positions in both civil and military departments. In various Cossack troops, this position included various official prerogatives. The word comes from the Turkic "yasaul" - chief. In the Cossack troops it was first mentioned in 1576 and was used in the Ukrainian Cossack army. Yesauls were general, military, regimental, hundreds, stanitsa, marching and artillery. General Yesaul (two per Army) - the highest rank after the hetman. In peacetime, general captains performed inspection functions, in war they commanded several regiments, and in the absence of a hetman, the entire Army. But this is typical only for Ukrainian Cossacks. Troop captains were selected on the Troop Circle (in the Donskoy and most others - two per Troop, in the Volga and Orenburg - one each). Dealt with administrative matters. Since 1835, they were appointed as adjutants to the military ataman. Regimental captains (originally two per regiment) performed the duties of staff officers, were the closest assistants to the regiment commander. Hundreds of Yesauls (one per hundred) commanded hundreds. This link did not take root in the Don Cossacks after the first centuries of the existence of the Cossacks. The stanitsa Yesauls were typical only for the Don Cossacks. They were chosen at stanitsa gatherings and were assistants to stanitsa atamans. Camping captains (usually two per Army) were chosen when going on a campaign. They performed the functions of assistants to the marching ataman, in the 16th-17th centuries, in his absence, they commanded the army, and later they were executors of the orders of the marching ataman. The artillery captain (one per Army) was subordinate to the chief of artillery and carried out his orders. General, regimental, stanitsa and other Yesauls were gradually abolished. Only the military captain was preserved under the military ataman of the Don Cossack army. In 1798 - 1800. the rank of captain was equated to the rank of captain in the cavalry. Yesaul, as a rule, commanded a Cossack hundred. Corresponded to the official position of the modern captain. He wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field without stars.

Next come the headquarters officers. In fact, after the reform of Alexander III in 1884, the rank of Yesaul entered this rank, in connection with which the major link was removed from the staff officer ranks, as a result of which a soldier from the captains immediately became a lieutenant colonel.
In the Cossack service ladder, the military foreman goes next. The name of this rank comes from the ancient name of the executive body of the Cossacks. In the second half of the 18th century, this name, in a modified form, spread to persons who commanded certain branches of the Cossack army. Since 1754, the military foreman was equated with a major, and with the abolition of this rank in 1884, with a lieutenant colonel. He wore shoulder straps with two blue gaps on a silver field and three large stars.

Well, then comes the colonel, shoulder straps are the same as those of the military foreman, but without stars. Starting from this rank, the service ladder is unified with the general army, since the purely Cossack names of the ranks disappear. The official position of a Cossack general fully corresponds to the general ranks of the Russian Army.

Understanding the image of a Cossack is represented by a picture of a young man with a dashing look, an earring in his ear, a mustache, a saber, and always with a hat on his head. This image was firmly established thanks to numerous works of literature, in which the Cossacks were considered as an independent ethnic group, with their own traditions, cultural heritage, lifestyle. But not everyone reliably knows the history of the emergence of the Cossacks in Russia, and meanwhile, it contains many interesting facts.

History of the Russian Cossacks

Determine the origin of the term " Cossack” without controversy is not possible. On this occasion, there are several versions that contradict each other. Only about 18 official ones were accepted. All of them are combined into two groups, the main idea of ​​which is the migratory nature of the settlement of the Cossacks or the emergence of a new ethnic group, as an indigenous stratum of the population. We do not aim to study true story the birth of the Cossacks, since this process was quite lengthy and it is associated with a complex mixture of various genera. Of interest is the formation of the Cossack army, and here it is necessary to turn to history.

The first communities of Cossacks have been known since the 15th century. Initially, they were groups of free Don, Dnieper or Volga Cossacks, and later the famous Zaporozhian Sich arose. History knows the facts about the existence of Siberian and Terek groups. They were engaged in hunting and fishing, but by the 18th century they had mastered agriculture. By the time of entry into the military structure Russian Empire the Cossacks became a truly independent group, having income not only from fishing, but also from receiving state salaries.

In the history of battles Russian troops of the imperial era, a separate line belongs precisely to the Cossacks. They not only took part in the protection state borders. The expeditions of the famous explorers always included Cossacks.

At the end of the Patriotic War of 1812, which was marked by the fact that the Russian army stormed the French capital, powerful agitation was carried out among the population, aimed at demonizing the Cossack troops. What was the surprise of ordinary citizens when stately military men entered the capital, with all their appearance being a symbol of valor, honor and justice.

Don Cossacks and Kuban

All communities were divided among themselves according to the territory of settlement:

• The troops of the Don Cossacks were formed from representatives of a group settled along the banks of the Don River. Donets are considered the most numerous, as they occupied the territory of the Rostov, Volgograd, Voronezh, Donetsk and Lugansk regions. Even the territory of Kalmykia fell under the settlement of the Don Cossacks.
• The tsarist army also included troops of the Kuban Cossacks. It is not difficult to guess that the geography of the Kuban Cossacks is connected with the river of the same name. Their territory stretched from the Rostov region, across the North Caucasus, to the Republic of Adygea. Many military feats were performed by the Kuban in the ranks of the Russian army, but they also became famous for their cultural heritage, which in recent times actively recovering.

In general, if we start talking about the state of the Cossacks today, it should be noted that the revival of traditions is practically state program. This was repeatedly stated by President V.V. Putin.

Cossacks in the XX century

The history of the Russian Cossacks in the 20th century is full of tragic events. After the revolution, everything that was in any way reminiscent of the monarchy was denied, and since the Cossacks symbolized the protection and impregnability of the imperial throne, this class was subject to mass repressions. As an army structure, the Cossack army was abolished, and the population was resettled throughout the state, and there is no need to talk about imprisonment and executions.

But loyalty to their Fatherland, which remained in the blood of hereditary Cossacks, gave pulse to revival. This period fell on a difficult time for the country - the time of the Great Patriotic War. On all fronts, the newly formed Cossack units fought heroically for freedom from the German invaders.

Today, the TFR (Union of Cossacks of Russia) is reviving the Cossack titles of rank and shoulder straps, as well as the order of their wearing and assignment. Popularization of the Cossacks does not turn it into a fashion trend. Blood loyalty is honored here, and not just the desire to join the community.

Hierarchy in the Cossack army

In the Cossack troops there were a fairly large number of different ranks and ranks, largely because they were initially elected. They included ataman, canterey, centurion, hetman and foreman. After some time, to be more precise, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, new military ranks, among which - a patron, Yesaul , subaul, hetman, ataman and others. It was from this that the development of the systematization of the Cossack troops began, which later made the necessary contribution to the development of the Cossacks.

From that moment on, recruitment into the Cossack troops began to be conducted with a strength of 600 people. The “head”, who was engaged in recruiting the required number of soldiers, followed the direct orders of high-ranking military officers in the person of the governor. The set was carried out from "devices", which were divided into smaller ones - hundreds. At the head of hundreds were centurions, under whose leadership were fifty. Next in the hierarchy were dozens, which, consequently, were controlled by foremen. Each managed his unit in due measure.

In each Cossack settlement, military Cossacks were distributed, who performed almost the same duties and had the same rights as ordinary archers. Detachments in the Cossack troops were called villages, at the head of which were atamans. Upon entering the service in one or another city where they later lived, they obeyed the city governor, fulfilling all his orders and orders.

As a mansion, other “guard” Cossacks were sent to this settlement, who already had a different manager. Their position was especially high, they were considered more elite even than the Pentecostals. In the case of the chieftains, they were also highly valued, they were even put on a par with the "boyar children", as a result of which they were honored to receive, in addition to money, land plots within the village.

As a result of the "Table of Ranks", which came out from the pen of Peter the Great, in the eighteenth century there were global changes in the Cossack ranks of the tsarist army. All ranks and ranks were ordered, distributed in one class - the first. At the end of the same century, changes took place with the Cossack military system, they were included in the main document and now stood on a par with other ranks.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, certain innovations took place, as a result of which the Cossack troops were retrained. But after the monarch Alexander the Third introduced these changes, no further innovations were foreseen, only at the end of the nineteenth century a new title appeared - sergeant .

Shoulder straps Cossacks

Although the Cossacks were considered a free formation, a strictly defined unity of command was established in the ranks of the army. After the introduction of the troops into regular formations, military ranks in the Cossack troops of the tsarist army were brought into line with officer ranks. You can still compare Cossack ranks and shoulder straps, for example, with shoulder straps of the army of the Russian Federation or the USSR.

The junior rank of an ordinary is equated with the rank of a Cossack. Cossack wears shoulder straps pentagonal shape of blue color. To the collar shoulder strap fastened with a silver button with the image of the coat of arms. Defined and field option shoulder strap, it is made of green cloth. The Cossack has no stripes or stripes.

Across the shoulder strap of the clerk, following in the Cossack hierarchy, a narrow strip is placed in the form patches, it is often called a lychka. In the ranks of the Soviet or Russian army, a similar insignia is assigned to a corporal. Written rank Cossack could receive only after a certain period of service. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the titles were appointed, but some of them were elected by the general assembly.

Jr sergeant and senior sergeant- These are the ranks that were endowed with the same powers as the military sergeants. They were assigned organizational and command functions, subject to the availability of appropriate training. Shoulder straps police officers contain two or three narrow stripes. It is known that in the RA the rank of junior sergeant or sergeant is indicated in this way. Stripe color - white or silver.

Staff Sergeant crowns the sergeant group of military ranks. In the Cossack army, there is no such consonance. The corresponding rank is sergeant major, on the pursuit of which one wide white stripe flaunts. If we draw analogies with the troops of the tsarist era, then sergeant major performed the duties of a sergeant major. The basic position in the hierarchy remains identical. After this rank, a group of officer ranks begins.

Shoulder straps officers have six corners. The part of the shoulder strap facing the collar is made in the form of a trapezoid. As before, it is fastened with a button with a coat of arms, but is no longer made of cloth, but of a specially interlaced galloon. Podhorunzhiy corresponds to the rank of second lieutenant. A cornflower blue gap stands out on a silvery field, this gap is sometimes called a strip. In the modern army, one gap indicates that a soldier belongs to a junior officers. On the pursuit of the coroner there is one star, which is attached along the axis of symmetry. Cornflower blue shoulder strap.

Complete this group cornet and centurion. If we draw an analogy with modern army ranks, then by status and appearance shoulder strap these ranks are similar to lieutenant and senior lieutenant. When compared with the royal army, then centurion corresponded to the rank lieutenant. These ranks have two stars located across the shoulder strap, and three stars form a triangle.

An officer who wears a rank in the Cossack army corresponding to the army rank of major is Yesaul. His shoulder strap does not contain stars, but has two gaps of a cornflower blue hue. The difference in building a hierarchy is that the previous rank subaul refers to the junior officers and corresponds to the captain, while the two stripes of the captain indicate an increase in rank.

The next step is associated with the rank of military foreman. There is still a difference here, since there are three stars on the pursuit of this officer. That is, it is clear that there is no habitual addition of stars, as in RA. This rank corresponds to the rank of lieutenant colonel (two stars with two gaps). Unity is restored in the rank of colonel. Cossack colonel considered to be in the same rank as colonel RF Armed Forces.

The correspondence between the ranks of the Cossack army and the ranks of the Armed Forces is clearly regulated for effective assistance. Separate formations of the Cossack army are involved in patrolling and to control order in crowded places, although they operate under the auspices of voluntary organizations.

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General view of the parade uniform Casual uniform Field uniform Cossack epaulettes Cossack epaulettes IKV yellow-orange color gaps and edges, instrument metal gold, silver buttons, with the image of the coat of arms IKV Cossack Prikaznoy Junior officer Officer Senior officer