https://www.site/2013-09-03/chto_to_proishodit_navernoe_ob_etom_zapretili_govorit_v_kurgane_rastet_napryazhenie_v_reke_tobol_pod

“Something is happening! They probably shouldn't talk about it." Tension is growing in Kurgan: water rises in the Tobol River, roads along the coast are flooded. The authorities report: so far everything is in order. PHOTO report

Tension is growing in Kurgan due to the rise in the water level in the Tobol River. Officially, no one is talking about the danger of flooding yet, but locals they are concerned that the strips on the supports of the hydroelectric complex, one after another, go under water.

As the site was told by the inhabitants of Kurgan, for recent times the water in Tobol rose to the level of "about one and a half meters". “In Maly Chausovo (Kurgan microdistrict - ed.), there are literally a couple of meters left to the bridge, and it will be hidden. The roads along the river are flooded. At the hydroelectric complex, you can see how the water arrived, and immediately a lot of fishermen appeared along the banks, although it is forbidden to fish there. A lot of fish usually come with big water,” the Kurgans say.

In order not to be unfounded, the inhabitants of the regional center took several photographs, which show how the trees along the coast gradually go under water, and the road along the Tobol is already almost half flooded. In addition, it is noticeable in the photographs that before the arrival of water over the Tobol, three strips were visible on the supports of the hydroelectric complex, and after the rise - only two.

. “During the day, the rise of water in Tobol in Kurgan amounted to 6 centimeters. Now the water is at a level of 216 centimeters, and its exit to the floodplain is possible only at 6.5 meters,” the employees of the regional Ministry of Emergency Situations emphasized. And in the department for civil defense and emergency situations of Kurgan, they added that so far they have not even requested reports from the Hydrometeorological Center. “So far, the situation does not bother us, so we do not require information from them,” Vladimir Shishkin, deputy head of the department, admitted. “There is no threat.”

Until the arrival of water. About a month ago

True, the townspeople do not agree with this point of view. “I drive by the dam every day. On the sides there were blocks across the current, and even children walked along them. Today they have already disappeared,” people write on the forums. “Tobol behind Maly Chausovo rose very sharply. On Friday, the grass grew in the middle of Tobol, today one and a half to two meters left to the bridge, - netizens say. It's strange how quiet it is. Apparently, they forbade talking about it, they don’t want hype.”

Today, September 3

The appearance of water in Tobol also causes concern. As our readers write, the water looks "rusty". “Okay, God bless him, with the flood, but why is the water such a rusty color? - the Kurgans ask. - We have never had such water in Tobol. It was always green or dirty blue. Now it is just red, as if something is poured into it. Something is clearly not right."

It should be noted that the unrest of the inhabitants of Kurgan about a possible flood is not unfounded. In mid-August, due to water discharges into Chelyabinsk region and Kazakhstan, residents of the Tselinny district of the Trans-Urals suffered. According to the district administration, water discharges from the Troitskoye reservoir began on August 5. The maximum volumes fell on August 14 and reached 200 cubic meters per second. The water level rose at a rate of 55 centimeters per day. On August 16-17, discharges decreased to 80 cubic meters per second, the river level rose to 463 centimeters. As of August 21, the water level in the Ui River was 450 centimeters. For the Kustanai reservoir, there was no accurate information on water discharges into the Tobol River.

No matter how carefully people prepare for the flood, spring water often falls upon them suddenly. The main water artery of the Trans-Urals, the Tobol River, despite its external safety, has long brought great losses and troubles to coastal residents. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Tobol was much more full-flowing, being a busy highway. According to the chronicles, major floods in Kurgan were recorded in 1854 and 1866. Due to frequent floods, the city authorities constantly allocated money to strengthen the banks, in 1879 it was decided to build a bridge on piles, which for a long time connected the right and left banks of the main city river. In subsequent years, Tobol more than once threatened the inhabitants of the city and its environs, but the real trouble came after almost 50 years.

According to the state archive of the Kurgan region, the first warning of imminent flooding came to the city on April 10, 1914, but this did not turn out to be a signal for immediate action for the citizens, and, despite warnings from the authorities, most residents of potentially dangerous areas did not want to leave their homes. On April 12, water rushed into the city. From the first hours it became clear that the scale of the disaster is enormous. Two days later, a third of the city was in the captivity of icy water. Mills, grain warehouses, trading shops and more than a hundred residential buildings were flooded. In the alarming situation of the deteriorating situation in Kurgan, there was a decline in trade, and, as a result, a rise in food prices. The city began to resemble a little Venice, where from Tikhonovka to Kopay (now the district of Burova-Petrova Street), from Nizhne-Bazaarnaya Square (now the area of ​​the central market) to the canvas railway boats and rafts became the main means of transportation.

1914

Peak unprecedented flood occurred on April 17, the water level near the city at the same time amounted to 932 cm. On the same day, the City Duma was committee elected to assist victims, which included the mayor and several Kurgan merchants. Losses brought by the flood were huge and numbered tens of thousands of rubles not to mention human casualties, fear and helplessness of people before the elements.

1914

In the next two decades, the Tobol floods often tickled the nerves of the townspeople. AT 1922 the water has risen to 760 cm, in 1923 - before 750 cm, in 1926 - before 770 cm, in 1928 - before 872 cm. Such constancy kept "in good shape" the city authorities and residents of coastal areas. From the lines of the minutes of the meeting of the executive committee of the Kurgan district Soviet of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies dated May 4, 1923: "... In order to take emergency measures, the Executive Committee orders all boats, up to the subsidence of water in the Tobol River, to be considered mobilized and provide them at the first request of the police ..."

Years passed, Tobol lulled the vigilance of the townspeople with outward calmness, and the tragic events of the early 1940s finally erased memories of the great floods of previous years from memory. Trouble, as always, came unexpectedly ...

First days of April 1947 turned out to be abnormally warm, and the snow melted surprisingly quickly. On the night of April 9, the level of the river rose so quickly that water rushed into the city and rapidly flooded Eastern settlement, having reached Proletarskaya street. Shevelevka was a spontaneously created reservoir.

1947

The water level has reached the mark 1087 cm. This time, the flood, which was abnormal in all respects, made the city authorities seriously think about the construction protective dam.

Subsequently, April annually stubbornly comes into its own. Major flooding was also recorded in 1957.

1957

For a whole month, from April 19 to May 19, Kurgan was in "state of emergency" in 1994. Then because of the coming of the big water about 60 thousand people suffered. 22 cities and urban settlements out of 26 were flooded, as well as 114 settlements . Approximately 200 thousand people suffered material damage. A significant part of the territory of the region, including farmland, was flooded. Dams, bridges, roads were destroyed, the work of many enterprises was disrupted. The total damage amounted to 150 billion rubles. The water level then reached 1007 see

1994

According to experts, the main cause of flooding is melt water. Regional rivers belong to the type of rivers with a pronounced spring flood. Share melt water in the total runoff reaches 90%. Also characteristic uneven snowmelt in catchment areas. At the same time, there is a high probability of influence volley discharges from reservoirs. In addition, the flat terrain, the presence of a large number of small streams and lakes create a threat of flooding of settlements with melt and groundwater. As the people's forecaster of Kurgan noted in an interview Ilya Vinshtein, a significant role in the flood also play climatic conditions.

He also analyzed certain flood cycles.

"There is, of course, a certain cyclicity in the flood, but it is connected, first of all, with climatic cyclicity. After analyzing the statistics for the last 100 years, we can say that in the entire history of floods in Kurgan there are periods of 8-10 years when the Tobol level does not rise even to the mark of 600 cm. This is also related to drought. There have been four such time periods lately, the last one was from 2006 to 2012. The weather was hot and dry summers were warm and dry, and winters were cold and snowless. AT 2013 everything has changed: summers in the Urals became colder, rainier, wetter, and winters became warmer and snowier. And, of course, these periods alternate with each other at certain intervals," he said.

Concerning this year, then, as the forecaster notes, was recorded the snowiest winter in the current century, the level of snow depth reached record levels in recent times.

"The main premise is that there were heavy rainfalls in the summer, when groundwater was replenished, then there were heavy rainfalls in October and November 2015. in the soil, and then the snowiest winter in the 21st century happened. December 2015 in Kurgan was the snowiest ever. dropped out 44 mm, and this is quite an impressive number, a record. March 22, 2016 snow height in the south of the region and the north of Kazakhstan was about 1 m, these are very high figures, this has not happened over the past 30 years. These are statistics," he said.

They also played a role reservoirs.

"Reservoirs, of course, also made their own contribution, but the fact is that the reserves were not as large as it was originally assumed. If, for example, we take the reservoirs of Kazakhstan, the Karatomar reservoir is the most important. At the moment, it is free by about 30% When the flood began, it was 70% full. The main threat was the reservoirs of the Chelyabinsk region, which were almost 100% full. And the reservoirs of Kazakhstan showed themselves more or less calmly this year," the forecaster noted.

As Winshtein notes, the flood in Kurgan this year was the largest in the last 15 years.

"The peak was fixed at the level 806 cm, and this is the same figure that was recorded in 2005. The strongest flood in last years observed in 2002, then he made 910 cm, that is, when the bar has already been overcome "dangerous phenomena" - this is 850 cm. And this year the bar was set "adverse events"- this is 700 cm. If you approach the issue technically, then the peak was 807 cm, it was recorded on April 30 at 20.00, but after that the level stabilized around 806 cm, which is why this value is accepted as the peak value," he explained.

"If we are talking about Kurgan, then the most important thing is do not build up understanding. Because the territory where Tobol is spilled is low part which water always fills. It must pass freely through this territory. In general, the whole city is located in an unchanged part, there is 11 meter dam is the only thing that protects the city. And the southern territory is completely free for water, so it always floods. There are no specific recommendations here. If people settle in this territory, they must understand that one day water will come to them", - he said.

The same applies to flooded city facilities, connecting roads, such as, for example, Tyunin Highway, which is this year .

"Tyunin Highway is located exactly across the floodplain and water must pass freely through the floodplain, which is why the highway is slightly in the lowland. There is a certain area, which should always be flooded at certain rates- this is 730 cm. The water level rises at this time, and the water passes through the highway. Because if this section is raised, then the water will either go towards the city, where it will flood the southern part, or go towards Ketovo. That's why during the design, such a more compromise option was chosen", - he said.

Add what is currently high alert in connection with the flood is not lifted. Experts point out that the second wave of high water is not expected. Reports of dam breaks or volumetric hydraulic discharges from the Chelyabinsk region and Kazakhstan are not confirmed. The Karatomar reservoir increased the water flow from 3 to 8 cubic meters per second, but this was done in connection with agricultural needs. Most of the water will go to irrigate the land, and the same volumes will reach the Kurgan as before.

The city authorities report that, as in previous days, round-the-clock duty, patrolling of dams, operation of pumping stations, and transportation of those in need will continue over the coming holidays. The removal of restrictions related to the passage of floods, as well as the dismantling of temporary dams, will be carried out only when the situation stabilizes.

RBC sent a request to the Ministry of Defense with a request to confirm this information.

Syria again

Zhuravlev already commanded the Russian group of troops in Syria from July to December 2016. Prior to his Syrian assignment, he served as chief of staff of the Southern Military District (SMD), and upon his return he was promoted - he was appointed deputy chief of the General Staff. Rank of colonel-general 51-year-old Alexander Zhuravlev in February 2017.

Alexander Zhuravlev graduated military academy armored forces in 1996. Then after ten years of service Far East, became commander of a motorized rifle division. In 2008, Zhuravlev was appointed chief of staff of the commander of the 58th Combined Arms Army (Vladikavkaz). Two years later, he already commanded the 2nd Guards Red Banner Combined Arms Army (Samara). In 2015, he was deputy commander of the Central Military District for several months, after which he headed the headquarters of the Southern Military District, and from there he was seconded to Syria.

Commanders of the Russian group of troops in Syria

The first commander of the Russian grouping of troops in Syria was the chief of staff of the Central Military District, Colonel-General Alexander Dvornikov. He was the head of the group from September 2015 to June 2016. After returning from Syria, Dvornikov headed the Southern Military District. During Dvornikov's command, Russian aviation made more than 9,000 sorties, launched cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea, destroyed more than 200 oil production and processing facilities used by militants. Starring Russian aviation more than 400 settlements and 10 thousand square meters were liberated. km of Syrian territory, Palmyra was liberated (after the operation from March 13 to March 27, 2016). The Russian Aerospace Forces took part in such operations as the offensive in the east of Aleppo (November 2015 - February 2016), the offensive in Latakia (October 2015 - February 2016), the second battle for Sheikh Miskin (January 2016), the battles for Deir ez-Zor (October 2015 - January 2016).

Dvornikov, the head of the Southern Military District, Colonel-General Alexander Zhuravlev. During his command of the group - from July to December 2016 - the Russian Aerospace Forces took part in the attack on Aleppo (September-November 2016). During Zhuravlev's command, on December 11, 2016, IS militants (banned in Russia) occupied Palmyra and continued their offensive.

From December to March 2017, the group was headed by Colonel General Andrey Kartapolov. Since 2015, he has served as head of the Western Military District and continued to lead the troops of the district after returning from Syria. During the command of Kartapolov after the operation with the participation of Russian aviation and Russian Forces Special Operations On March 2, 2017, Palmyra was returned to the control of the Syrian government for the second time.

Colonel General Sergei Surovikin, commander of the Eastern Military District since 2013, led the Russian grouping of troops in Syria in March 2017. At the end of this trip, by presidential decree, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces. According to two sources of RBC in the Ministry of Defense, Surovikin twice refused the post of commander in chief. However, after long negotiations, Surovikin accepted the offer, thus becoming the first combined arms general to lead this type of troops.

End of operation

The Russian operation in Syria began on September 30, 2015. During its holding, the Syrian government army, with the support of the Russian Aerospace Forces, liberated several strategically important cities, including Palmyra and Aleppo.

Russian airbase in Syria (Photo: Valery Sharifulin / TASS)

In mid-October 2017, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu announced that the operation. A few days later, Shoigu reported that about 95% of the territory of Syria had been liberated from militants of the banned Islamic State group. The Minister of Defense added that before the start of the operation of the Russian Aerospace Forces, more than 70% of the country's territory was under the control of terrorists.

At the same time, experts say that now the radical opposition that occupies the province of Idlib is no less a threat to the security of the Syrians than ISIS. The largest of the groups represented there is the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) association, created on the basis of Jabhat al-Nusra, the Syrian branch of al-Qaeda (both organizations are banned in Russia). According to analysts at the Syrian Civil War Map portal, as of October 2017, armed opposition groups, including the HTS, control almost 27 thousand square meters. km, or about 14%, of the territory of Syria.

One of the main tasks that the new commander must solve is the reduction of the Russian grouping in Syria, Ruslan Pukhov, director of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, said in a conversation with RBC. Russia, having provided the Syrian troops with a victory over the militants, also solved its tasks. “Over these two years, Russian servicemen managed to gain real combat experience. In addition, technology has also passed the test of war,” recalled Pukhov.

The reduction in the grouping will consist in reducing the size of the aviation group, and the size of the operational group, which is deployed in Syria, is likely to remain the same or change insignificantly, says the editor-in-chief of the Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine, reserve colonel Viktor Murakhovsky.

“The number of aviation specialists and pilots is not that great. Most likely, their number will be reduced by several dozen people, ”a military expert explained to RBC. According to him, the number of main Su-24M bombers, which make the largest number of sorties, will be reduced. Also, as the expert suggests, they will reduce the number of combat helicopters - Mi-35, Mi-28, Ka-52.

All modern fighters - Su-35, Su-30SM - should remain, Murakhovsky believes. “Their number in Syria is already insignificant - about four each. I don’t think that they will cut the Mi-8 transport and assault troops, since they will be needed to carry out current tasks in the conditions of the completion of the defeat of the ISIS group, ”explained the reserve colonel. In his opinion, a group of unmanned aerial vehicles will remain in Syria to control the country's airspace. The air defense group will also remain unchanged, the expert predicts.

At the same time, Murakhovsky notes that the completion of the defeat of the group along the line of the Euphrates River does not mean the cessation of hostilities. “A lot of radical terrorist groups remain in the province of Idlib,” he summed up.