Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin. Born June 16, 1894 in the village. Androniki, Yaroslavl province - died on October 17, 1949 in Moscow. Soviet military leader, Marshal Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

Fedor Tolbukhin was born on June 16, 1894 in the village of Androniki, Yaroslavl province (now the Yaroslavl district of the Yaroslavl region).

By nationality - Russian.

Father - Ivan Fedorovich Tolbukhin (1863-1907), traded fodder in St. Petersburg.

Mother - Anna Grigorievna.

The family was large and prosperous.

According to family legend, the surname of their ancestors is Kholnovy. But at the beginning of the 19th century, the landowner gave one of their ancestors the noble surname Tolbukhin.

In 1905 he graduated from a three-year parochial school. In 1907 - commercial school in the neighboring village of Davydkovo (now Tolbukhino).

After the death of his father in 1907, he was taken up with other children by his brothers, St. Petersburg merchants. In 1912 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Commercial School and worked as an accountant in St. Petersburg.

With the outbreak of the First World War, he was drafted into the Russian army, served as a motorcycle soldier, then sent to study at the ensign school. In 1915 - sent to the front. He commanded a company, a battalion in the South Western front and for military distinctions he was awarded the orders of St. Anna and St. Stanislav. After the February Revolution, he was elected chairman of the regimental committee.

He finished the war with the rank of captain, in 1918 he was demobilized.

Soon he joined the Red Army.

In the summer of 1918 - the military commissar of the Sandyrevskaya volost of the Yaroslavl province.

In 1919 he graduated from the staff service school and participated in the civil war, being a junior assistant to the chief of staff of a rifle division for operational work on the Northern and Western fronts.

In 1921 - chief of staff of the troops of the Novgorod province, then chief of staff of the 56th Infantry Division. Since December 1921 he was the head of the operational department of the headquarters of the troops of the Karelian region.

In 1921 he participated in the suppression of the Kronstadt uprising, and then in military operations against the White Finns in Karelia.

From June 1922 - Chief of Staff of the 56th Infantry Division.

In 1929 - commander (trainee) of the 167th Infantry Regiment. From November 1930 - Chief of Staff of the 1st Rifle Corps.

He graduated from advanced training courses for senior officers in 1927 and in 1930, in 1934 - military academy named after Frunze. He held the posts of chief of staff of a rifle division, from June 1934 - chief of staff of a rifle corps.

From September 1937 - commander of the 72nd Infantry Division.

In June 1940, with the introduction of general ranks in the Red Army, he was awarded military rank major general.

In August - December 1941 - Chief of Staff of the Transcaucasian Front.

In January - March 1942 - Chief of Staff of the Crimean Front.

Developed a plan for the Kerch-Feodosiya landing operation. In March 1942, he was removed from the post of chief of staff of the front on the proposal of Lev Mekhlis.

In May - July 1942 - Deputy Commander of the Stalingrad Military District.

From July 1942 to February 1943 he was commander of the 57th Army on the Stalingrad Front.

In February - March 1943, he commanded the troops of the 68th Army on the North-Western Front. Participated in the Staraya Russian operation in March 1943.

On January 19, 1943, he was awarded the rank of Lieutenant General, and on April 28, 1943, the rank of Colonel General. September 21, 1943 Tolbukhin was awarded the title of "Army General".

From March 1943, Tolbukhin commanded the troops of the Southern (transformed on October 20, 1943 into the 4th Ukrainian Front) and from May 1944 - the 3rd Ukrainian Front.

He carried out the Mius operation in July - August 1943: the troops of the front tried to break through the Mius front, but were forced to leave the occupied bridgehead and retreat to their original positions; however, at the same time, an auxiliary task was solved - the enemy was not able to transfer troops from the Mius to the area of ​​the Battle of Kursk.

In August - September 1943, the Donbass operation was carried out: the troops of the front, together with the South-Western Front, marched over 300 kilometers to the west in a month and a half of fighting, completely liberating the Donbass.

The Melitopol operation in September-November 1943: the troops of the front broke through the previously prepared defense line along the Molochnaya River, advanced up to 320 kilometers, cut off the enemy troops in the Crimea and occupied bridgeheads for its subsequent assault.

In April - May 1944, a Crimean operation. The troops of the front under the command of Tolbukhin broke into the Crimea from the north, together with the Separate Primorsky Army, defeated the 17th army of the enemy and liberated the Crimea.

In August 1944, the famous Iasi-Kishinev operation. The troops of the front, together with the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, defeated the Army Group "Southern Ukraine", bringing down the entire southern flank of the Soviet-German front. Romania was withdrawn from the war on the side of Germany and entered the war on the side of the anti-Hitler coalition. The Iasi-Chisinau operation entered the history of military art as the "Iasi-Chisinau Cannes". It was characterized by a skillful choice of the directions of the main attacks of the fronts, a high rate of advance, rapid encirclement and liquidation of a large enemy grouping, and close interaction of all types of troops. As a result of the operation, 126 formations and units were awarded the honorary titles of Chisinau, Iasi, Izmail, Foksha, Rymnik, Constance and others. During the operation, Soviet troops lost 12.5 thousand people, while German and Romanian troops lost 18 divisions. 208,600 German and Romanian soldiers and officers were captured.

The Bucharest-Arad operation, carried out in September 1944, made it possible to completely destroy the remnants of the Southern Ukraine Army Group. The territory of Romania was also completely liberated with heavy losses for the enemy.

Participated in the liberation from the Nazi invaders of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria. Since September 1944 - Chairman of the Allied Control Commission in Bulgaria.

In October 1944, during the Belgrade operation, the troops of the front, together with units of the Yugoslav and Bulgarian armies, liberated the eastern regions of Yugoslavia and its capital Belgrade, creating conditions for full release countries.

In November - December 1944 - the Apatin-Kaposvar operation. The troops of the front crossed the Danube, defeated the 2nd Hungarian army and created the conditions for the encirclement of Budapest.

The Budapest operation in December 1944 - February 1945: the troops of the front, together with the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, surrounded and destroyed the enemy grouping in Budapest with significant losses, crushing his significant forces west of the city.

In March 1945, during the Balaton defensive operation, the troops of the front repulsed the last major offensive of the Wehrmacht in the war, bleeding its strike force. The battle at Balaton was the last major offensive operation of the German armed forces in World War II. Having repulsed the German onslaught, units of the 3rd Ukrainian Front went on the offensive against Vienna with virtually no operational pause.

Vienna Strategic Offensive Operation in March - April 1945: the troops of the front, together with the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, defeated the Army Group South, completing the liberation of the territory of Hungary and freeing most of Austria.

The initial plan of the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, F.I. Tolbukhin, to capture Vienna was to deliver simultaneous strikes from three directions: from the southeast - by the forces of the 4th Guards Army and the 1st Guards Mechanized Corps, from the south and southwest - by the forces of the 6th Guards Tank Army with the 18th Tank Corps attached to it and part of the forces of the 9th Guards Army. The remaining part of the forces of the 9th Guards Army was to bypass the city from the west and cut off the enemy's escape routes. The city itself and the approaches to it were prepared in advance for defense. Anti-tank ditches were dug out along the outer periphery of the city along the tank-prone areas, and anti-tank and anti-personnel barriers were installed. The streets of the city were crossed by numerous barricades, almost all stone buildings were adapted for long-term defense, firing points were equipped in windows, basements, and attics. All bridges were mined. The remnants of eight tank and one infantry divisions from the 6th SS Panzer Army were defending in the city, personnel viennese military school and up to 15 separate battalions. In addition, four regiments of 1,500 people each were formed by the Nazi command from the Vienna police to participate in street battles.

On April 5, Soviet troops began fighting on the southern and southeastern approaches to Vienna. From the very beginning, the fighting took on an exceptionally fierce character. The defenders offered stubborn resistance, often launching infantry and tank counterattacks. Therefore, on April 5, the 4th Guards Army, advancing on Vienna from the south, did not achieve much success. At the same time, the troops of the 38th Guards Rifle Corps of the 9th Guards Army, advancing southwest of the city, managed to advance 16-18 km. In the current situation, the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front decided to use the emerging success and transfer the 6th Guards Tank Army to this direction with the task of bypassing the city and attacking Vienna from the west and northwest.

On April 7, the main forces of the 9th Guards Army and formations of the 6th Guards Tank Army, having overcome the mountain forest massif of the Vienna Woods, reached the Danube. Now the defending troops were covered from three sides: east, south and west. The 46th Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, which crossed the Danube and advanced in a northwestern direction, was to complete the complete encirclement of the city. However, on the way to Vienna, the enemy offered her stubborn resistance. To avoid a new encirclement, the German command reinforced its troops operating against the 46th Army by transferring additional forces from the depths and even from the Austrian capital itself.

On April 8, fighting in the city flared up with renewed vigor. For every quarter, often for individual houses, there were fierce fights. During the day of fighting, the troops of the 4th and 9th Guards Armies advanced deep into the city, where they entered into tactical interaction. On the same day, the 1st Guards Mechanized Corps occupied Schweiner Garten in the southern part of the city. In the next two days, the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front continued to advance towards the city center with fighting. The fighting did not stop day or night. By the end of April 10, the enemy garrison was squeezed from three sides, continuing to resist only in the city center. In the current situation, the German command took all measures to keep the only unexploded bridge across the Danube - the Imperial Bridge, which allowed its remaining units to be brought to the northern bank of the river. The Soviet command, in turn, tried to capture the bridge in order to prevent the enemy from withdrawing. To do this, on April 11, in the area of ​​​​the bridge, the Danube military flotilla landed troops as part of a reinforced battalion of the 217th Guards Rifle Regiment. However, after the landing, the paratroopers met strong fire resistance and were forced to lie down, not reaching the target of 400 meters.

After analyzing the current situation, the Military Council of the front decided to conduct a simultaneous assault by all the forces participating in the battles for the city. Particular attention was paid to the suppression of German artillery before and during the assault. Corresponding tasks were assigned to the commander of the artillery of the front, Colonel-General of Artillery M.I. Nedelin and the commander of the 17th Air Army, Colonel-General of Aviation V.A. Sudts.

By the middle of the day on April 13, as a result of a well-prepared assault, Vienna was cleared of German troops. During the battle in the area of ​​​​the Imperial Bridge, the second landing was landed as part of a battalion of the 21st Guards Rifle Regiment of the 7th Guards Airborne Division. The bridge was mined by German troops, but the swift and bold actions of the paratroopers prevented the explosion. After the capture of the city, the commander of the 33rd Guards Rifle Corps, Lieutenant General Lebedenko N.F., was appointed military commandant of the city. Lieutenant General Lebedenko replaced Lieutenant General Blagodatov, who was the first commandant, as commandant of the city of Vienna.

As a result of the Soviet offensive, a large enemy grouping was defeated. The troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts completed the liberation of Hungary, liberated the eastern regions of Austria with its capital, Vienna. Germany lost control over a large industrial center - the Vienna industrial region, as well as an important economic terms Nagykanizky oil region. The beginning of the restoration of the Austrian statehood was laid.

During the Graz-Amstetten offensive operation on April 15 - May 9, 1945, western and central Austria were liberated, the surrender of the opposing German troops was accepted.

On July 19, 1945, Fedor Tolbukhin was honored to present the Order of Victory No. 16 to the King of Romania, Mihai I.

After the war, Marshal Tolbukhin was the commander-in-chief of the Southern Group of Forces on the territory of Romania and Bulgaria, created to counter Turkey's likely military operations in the Balkans (disbanded in February 1947).

From January 1947 - Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District.

Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR II convocation (1946-1949).

He died on October 17, 1949 in Moscow from diabetes. He was cremated, the urn with the ashes was buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1965, the outstanding military leader Marshal of the Soviet Union Tolbukhin Fedor Ivanovich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Marshal of the Soviet Union Fyodor Tolbukhin

Fedor Tolbukhin personal life:

Was married twice.

The first wife is Ekaterina Ivanovna. They were married in 1919-1920.

The couple had a daughter, Tatyana (married Vrublevskaya, died in 1980).

The second wife is Tamara Evgenievna Tolbukhina (nee Bobyleva), a noblewoman by birth. They got married in 1923 in Novgorod.

The marriage produced a son who died young.

Fyodor Tolbukhin's awards:

Hero of the Soviet Union (05/07/1965, posthumously - the only Marshal of the Soviet Union who was awarded this title posthumously);
order "Victory" (No. 9 - 04/26/1945);
three orders of Lenin (03/19/1944, 02/21/1945, 05/07/1965);
three orders of the Red Banner (10/18/1922, 11/3/1944);
two orders of Suvorov, 1st degree (01/28/1943, 05/16/1944);
Order of Kutuzov 1st degree (09/17/1943);
Order of the Red Star (02/22/1938);
order of St. Anne;
Order of Saint Stanislaus;
People's Hero of Yugoslavia (May 31, 1945;
Order of Hungarian Freedom;
Grand Cross of the Order of the Hungarian Republic;
foreign orders and medals;
honorary citizen of Sofia, Dobrich and Belgrade;
badge of honor "To an honest warrior Karelian Front»;
order "Georgy Dimitrov" (1981);
Order "For Courage" (People's Republic of Bulgaria).

In the Right-Bank Ukraine, the spring of 1938 was in full swing. Like spring, the soul of the tall, slender senior political officer Yevdokim Yegorovich Maltsev was also joyful. He received an order to be appointed commissar of the 72nd Infantry Division and was in a hurry to a new duty station. Luckily, I didn't have to go anywhere. The division headquarters was located in the same Vinnitsa garrison, where the artillery regiment was stationed, in which he was a commissar.

The newly appointed commissar found the division commander, Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin, in his spacious, modestly furnished office.

“Towards me, tearing himself away from the map laid out on a large table, a tall, fair-haired, with a pleasant, typically Russian face, brigade commander, rose,” General of the Army Maltsev recalled many years later. “After listening to my strictly statutory report, F. I. Tolbukhin went out from the table, greeted me and offered to sit down... Only now I noticed that the brigade commander was overweight. a story about the state of affairs in the division, about the tasks that need to be solved immediately, about the difficulties, shortcomings in the work.

And where do you come from? Who are the parents? Is the family big? - Fyodor Ivanovich asked.

After listening carefully, he smiled.

So, then, from the Oryol peasants. This is good. In World War I, I fought with your countrymen. Conscientious, hardworking, calm people. I have fond memories of them. And I am Yaroslavl.

Fedor Ivanovich was born in the village of Androniki in the Yaroslavl region, in a large peasant family. Although it was difficult, he graduated from a parochial school, then studied at a zemstvo school in the neighboring village of Davydkovo (now Tolbukhino). After the death of his father, in order to make life easier for the family in the village, Fyodor was taken with him to St. Petersburg by his older brother Alexander. Reluctantly, with tears in her eyes, the mother, Anna Grigoryevna, saw off her son on a long journey. She had four more babies in her arms.

Fedor was assigned to a trading school, from which he graduated in 1910. Then he worked as an accountant in the Mariinsky Association of Klochkov and K 0 and continued to study. Passed an external exam for the full course of the St. Petersburg Commercial School. But the merchant did not come out of him. In commercial matters, he was poorly versed, he was modest, shy and honest. The commandment "you will not deceive - you will not sell" clearly did not fit his character.

The first World War determined Tolbukhin a different fate. In December 1914 he was called to military service and after a short study at the school of drivers, he was sent as an ordinary motorcyclist to the North-Western Front. And two months later he entered the Oranienbaum officer school and after graduation he was promoted to ensign. Got to the South-Western Front in the 2nd border Zaamursky infantry regiment. Tolbukhin was appointed company commander.

The harsh front-line situation had an impact on the formation of a young officer. A protest against the bloody war was ripening among the masses of the soldiers. A native of the village, Tolbukhin could not separate himself from the soldiers. He lived by the mood of his company. The February revolution found Fyodor Ivanovich in the 13th border regiment of the Zaamur. The soldiers elected him to the regimental committee, where he served as secretary, and later chairman. Finished the First World War as a battalion commander, staff captain.

After the Great October socialist revolution Fyodor Tolbukhin returned to his native village. And in August 1918, when the general meeting of citizens of the Sandyrevskaya volost elected him a military leader, he formed a military registration and enlistment office. Since that time, with the organization of military training of the reserve, the term of his service in the Red Army is calculated. In the summer of 1919, he was already on the Western Front, after graduating from the staff service school, he was appointed assistant chief of staff for the operational part of the 56th Infantry Division. Then Fedor Ivanovich served as chief of staff of the division, chief of the operational department of the army headquarters, took an active part in battles with the Whites on the Northern and Western fronts.

The interwar years for F.I. Tolbukhin were the years of formation, spiritual and theoretical growth, his formation as a military leader. He completes advanced training courses for senior command personnel, the MV Frunze Military Academy, heads the headquarters of rifle corps, and commands a division.

In July 1938, F.I. Tolbukhin was summoned to Moscow. At the appointed time, the brigade commander, together with the chief of the General Staff B. M. Shaposhnikov, was in the reception room of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. The issue of appointing Tolbukhin to the post of chief of staff of the Transcaucasian Military District had to be resolved. Fyodor Ivanovich was very worried. How will the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks react to him, the former staff captain, married to the daughter of a count? We went into the office. Stalin got up from the table and, stroking his mustache with an extinct pipe, asked:

So this is Tolbukhin?

Yes, this is brigade commander Tolbukhin, - B. M. Shaposhnikov hurried to answer.

What happens, comrade Tolbukhin, they served the tsar-father, and now Soviet power serve?

He served Russia, - Tolbukhin answered.

To what ranks did the tsar rise and with what awards did he grant you? - the General Secretary asked another question, apparently ignoring Tolbukhin's answer.

AT recent times was a staff captain. He was awarded two orders - Anna and Stanislav.

So, so, the staff captain with Anna on his chest and married to the countess.

Sweat poured from Fyodor Ivanovich in hail.

Stalin with a quick and piercing glance measured the tall and corpulent Tolbukhin.

And what did you get the Order of the Red Banner for? he asked, walking along the table.

For the Polish campaign.

Okay, you are free.

Already completely bewildered Tolbukhin left the office. Five minutes later, B. M. Shaposhnikov also came out. Silently got into the car, silently drove to the building of the General Staff. Only when Fyodor Ivanovich was left alone with B. M. Shaposhnikov did the Chief of the General Staff in his usual mild manner ask:

Well, my friend, are you cool?

It was, comrade commander, - admitted F.I. Tolbukhin.

And everything worked out in the best way, - said B. M. Shaposhnikov, gleaming with pince-nez glasses. - You have been appointed Chief of Staff of the Transcaucasian Military District and, at the suggestion of the Secretary General, you have been awarded the Order of the Red Star. Tomorrow the award will be presented to you in the personnel department. Wish you success!

AT full force military leadership talent of Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin was revealed during the years of the Great Patriotic War. In July 1942, he was appointed commander of the 57th Army, which fought heavy defensive battles south of Stalingrad, in the Krasnoarmeysk region, for three months. It was especially difficult in the 20th of August. Avalanche after avalanche fascist tanks rolled on our positions, followed by infantry in thick chains, aircraft were constantly bombing. The enemy rushed to the command heights of the Volga coast, sought to cling to the southern outskirts of Stalingrad.

In the most difficult moments the army commander showed self-control, unshakably believed in the strength and stamina of his troops. Timely revealing the plans of the German command, he skillfully led and maneuvered the front-line reserves that had arrived to help the army, achieving the disruption of enemy plans. Despite heavy losses, General Hoth's 4th Panzer Army never managed to break through to the high bank of the Volga near Krasnoarmeysk. The 57th Army fulfilled its duty to the Motherland with honor.

Commander Tolbukhin earned deep love and respect in those battles among his subordinates. One of them, the former commander of the 422nd Rifle Division I.K. Morozov, recalling the fiery days and nights of the 42nd, writes: noise, haste, thoughtfully and organizedly conducted defensive battles and private offensive operations. We called it the army of order and organization and loved its command for its exceptionally attentive and careful attitude towards people, to soldiers, no matter what rank they were."

When F. I. Tolbukhin was the commander of the Southern Front, Sergei Semenovich Biryuzov arrived at his post as chief of staff of the front. In his memoirs about joint work with Tolbukhin at that time, he wrote: “Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin, according to my then ideas, was already elderly, that is, at the age of about 50 years ... He made an impression very good man. Subsequently, I had the opportunity to finally be convinced of this, as in another very characteristic quality for Tolbukhin - his outward equanimity and calmness. I don't remember a single case when he would have flared up. And it is not surprising, therefore, that Fyodor Ivanovich frankly expressed his antipathy towards excessively ardent people ...

At first, the commander strictly controlled all my actions. It even caused annoyance. But soon I was given complete independence. We worked so well together that we began to understand each other perfectly.

I deeply respected Fyodor Ivanovich. He answered me the same, and most importantly, he began to trust in everything.

In July 1943, an unprecedented battle unfolded on the Kursk Bulge. At this time, the troops of the Southern Front were ordered to break through the heavily fortified German defenses on the Mius River and develop an offensive on Stalin (now Donetsk). It was important to pin down the enemy here.

The offensive began on 17 July. The enemy put up fierce resistance. He sought to keep the Donbass at any cost. To the area where our main attack was delivered, the Germans immediately pulled up their reserves, threw a large number of aircraft. At the cost of huge human losses, they managed to stop the offensive of the Soviet troops. And yet the main goal pursued by the Headquarters - to pin down the enemy - was achieved. The German command failed to remove a single division from the Mius-front and send a single division to Kursk.

But it was necessary to crush the Nazi defenses on the Mius River in order to liberate the Donbass and develop an offensive towards the Dnieper. And such a task was assigned to the troops of the Southwestern and Southern fronts. Fedor Ivanovich thought a lot about how to organize the upcoming offensive. And he decided: "We will tear the defense on a narrow sector of the front with a concentrated strike of aviation, artillery, tanks and infantry."

In the predawn twilight of August 18, bomber aircraft attacked the enemy's reserves, his railway stations, headquarters and command posts. And then the "god of war" spoke - artillery ...

Clinging to the eyepieces of the stereo tube, Tolbukhin clearly saw how the infantry stood up in unison and rushed forward, following the tanks. But immediately the tanks and infantry were drowned in an impenetrable curtain of burning and dust that billowed up like a wall along the western bank of the Mius. The well-established communication and the roar of explosions, moving further and further into the depths of the enemy defense, made it possible to feel the pulse of the battle.

By the end of the second day of the offensive, the enemy grouping of the BCL, which opposed the Southern Front, was divided into two parts, and its flanks were open to strikes from the north and south. The Nazi officer taken prisoner during interrogation did not hide his surprise that Soviet troops managed to overcome such strong defensive structures, and declared:

You broke through the Mius Front, and at the same time German soldier faith in himself and in his superiors collapsed.

Tolbukhin decided to regroup his mobile troops, introduce an additional cavalry corps into the breakthrough and defeat the Nazi group in the Taganrog region with a blow to the south. Fulfilling this decision, the cavalry and mechanized corps cut off the retreat of the Nazi troops from the Taganrog region to the west.

Three days later, Moscow radio broadcast the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief throughout the country: “The troops of the Southern Front,” it said, “after fierce fighting defeated the Taganrog group of Germans and today, August 30, captured the city of Taganrog. This victory, won by our troops in the south, achieved through a bold maneuver of cavalry and mechanized formations that broke through to the rear of enemy troops. As a result of the operation, our troops completely liberated the Rostov region from the German invaders. "

And soon the Donetsk basin, an important coal and industrial region in the south of our country, was returned to the Motherland.

No less than coal, the country needed Nikopol manganese and Krivoy Rog iron ore. But the way to them was obscured by the defensive line of the Nazis on the Molochnaya River. The fascist German command attached great importance to this frontier. And, trying to increase the stamina of their troops, they promised to pay officers a triple salary for holding the defense, and to award all soldiers with iron crosses.

But in vain. Skillfully maneuvering forces and means, timely shifting the main blow to another direction, the commander of the 4th Ukrainian (as the Southern Front began to be called) once again showed that the Soviet school of military art was higher than the vaunted Prussian. On October 23, 1943, Moscow solemnly saluted the liberators of Melitopol - the soldiers of the 4th Ukrainian Front.

And Fedor Ivanovich, congratulating the commanders, hurried them on with their advance to the Dnieper and the Crimean Isthmus, so as not to let the retreating enemy come to his senses. To develop success, he introduced the 19th tank corps General I. D. Vasiliev and the 4th Guards Kuban Cavalry Corps, General N. Ya. Kirichenko. In early November, our forward detachments, which broke into the gates of the Crimea - the Perekop Isthmus, reached the Turkish Wall.

The famous Turkish rampart, which stretches from Sivash to the Karkinitsky Gulf and crosses the entire isthmus, has been known since ancient times as a formidable fortification. This ten-meter-high shaft with deep ditches covering the approaches to it filled with water, in 1920, during the civil war, had to be stormed by the Red Army regiments led by M.V. Frunze in order to drive Wrangel out of the Crimea. It would undoubtedly be a serious success to overcome such a powerful defensive line on the move. But after all, the fascist German command will not so easily give way to the Turkish Wall. Its importance for the defense of the Crimea is too obvious.

Indeed, the enemy soon came to his senses. Its large garrison, located in Armyansk, offered stubborn resistance to our troops, launched fierce counterattacks in order to regain lost positions. Tankers and cavalrymen were in plight suffered heavy losses. General Vasiliev was wounded, but remained in service and decided to hold the occupied area.

After reviewing the contents of a telegram received from him at the headquarters of the front with a request to allocate additional troops for further development success, Army General Tolbukhin did not hide his excitement:

General Vasiliev - a hero from heroes! Is it possible to imagine how many soldiers' lives will be saved if we already now deprive the enemy of the opportunity to sit behind the Turkish Wall and we do not need to take it by storm when the Crimean offensive operation begins. Immediately inform Vasiliev that the main forces of the Kuban, as well as Kreizer's troops, are approaching Perekop.

Assistance to the warrior-heroes was rendered in a timely manner. By morning, Kirichenko's cavalry and the infantry troops of the Kreizer army approached the Perekop Isthmus. With a joint blow, they broke through the enemy ring and connected with parts of the 19th Panzer Corps.

The successful capture of the bridgehead in the Sivash direction, the Nikopol-Krivoy Rog operation put the liberation of the Crimea in front of the troops led by Tolbukhin. Together with the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front, the troops of the Separate Primorsky Army, which occupied a bridgehead on the Kerch Peninsula, were to take part in the operation, Black Sea Fleet, the Azov military flotilla, partisans of the Crimea, aviation of the 8th and 4th air armies and the Air Force of the fleet.

Preparations for the operation were in full swing. In accordance with the plan of the front commander, soldiers and sergeants were trained in actions as part of assault groups and detachments, the ability to fight in trenches and communication channels, and to advance behind a barrage of fire. The officers improved in the management of units, the organization of interaction and combat support. Together with the chief of staff and commanders of the military branches, F.I. Tolbukhin conducted an operational game, in which army headquarters, corps and division commanders participated.

On April 8, after a powerful artillery preparation and massive bombing strikes by our aviation, the offensive began along the entire front. By the end of the third day, the formations of the 51st Army, operating from the bridgehead on the Sivash, broke through the enemy defenses. The 19th Panzer Corps and the 77th Reserve Rifle Division, which had been introduced into the breach on the morning of April 11 by order of Tolbukhin, rushed to Dzhankoy and captured it by noon.

Five days later, Simferopol, Evpatoria, Feodosia, Yalta were liberated ... Ahead, invisible behind the ridge of mountains surrounding it, lay Sevastopol - the city of immortal Russian military glory. The Nazi troops fought for two hundred and fifty days to enter this city. Now they hoped to sit out behind its natural shelters and powerful engineering fortifications.

How best and faster to defeat the enemy? F. I. Tolbukhin went to the troops, together with the commanders conducted reconnaissance of the most important directions, consulted with them, listened to the reports and proposals of the chief of staff, commanders of the armed forces.

Training camps were created in the rear, and the troops trained intensively in conditions as close as possible to combat, especially carefully practicing the interaction of infantry with artillery, tanks, and aircraft. According to a special plan, specially created assault groups were preparing for the assault.

As always, Fedor Ivanovich paid special attention to caring for people.

The regiment commander must know every officer of his regiment, he said, what he breathes, and the company commander must know every soldier of his company.

Fedor Ivanovich took care of the personnel of the army, always sought to win a victory with little bloodshed.

Bury deeper into the ground, he advised the commanders of the divisions occupying the defense. - Mother Earth will save you from everything - both from fire and from bad weather.

Tolbukhin had an exceptional capacity for work. During periods of intense operations, he did not leave the map and phones for 3-5 days, depriving himself of even a short rest. Personal for him did not exist, he burned at work, giving himself to the cause without a trace.

On May 7, at 10:30, a general assault on the Sevastopol fortified area began. The main blow was delivered from the east and southeast in the Sapun Gora - seashore sector by the forces of the Primorskaya and the left flank of the 51st armies, an auxiliary one - from the northwest by the 2nd Guards Army.

The enemy put up fierce resistance. Attacks turned into hand-to-hand combat. Each firing point was taken with a fight, each trench and bend of the trench was cleared with a bayonet and a grenade. But nothing could stop the Soviet soldiers. They stubbornly climbed meter by meter along the rocky slopes of Sapun Mountain under destructive fire. And by evening, red flags fluttered on its crest in the offensive zone of the 51st Army of General Ya. G. Kreizer. Almost simultaneously with this, a little to the south, the head units of the 11th Rifle Corps of the Separate Primorsky Army rose to the Sapun Mountain and the height of Karagach.

By the end of May 9, the victorious Red Banner hoisted over Sevastopol. The city was completely liberated. For two more days, the Nazi invaders clung to the last piece of Crimean land - Cape Khersones. But by noon on May 12, they were forced to lay down their arms. The offensive operation in the Crimea is over. Of course, Fedor Ivanovich, like all his fighting comrades-in-arms, did not imagine that they would remain to rest under the fertile sun of the Crimea. A fierce struggle with the enemy continued on other fronts, moving further and further to the west. Everyone's thoughts were directed there. And all of them, from the soldier to the front commander, were impatiently awaiting the order for their transfer from the Crimea, which became a deep rear. This transfer was carried out by order of the Headquarters. The order determined the further fate of F.I. Tolbukhin. He became the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, which he was supposed to take over from R. Ya. Malinovsky, who was transferring to the 2nd Ukrainian. In turn, I. S. Konev moved to the 1st Ukrainian Front.

For a knowledgeable person, organizational changes in themselves were indirect signs that a relative lull was setting in for some time on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front, which is called an operational pause in military art. At the same time, Fedor Ivanovich, who possessed a strategic mindset, understood that this lull marks an even stronger thunderstorm for the enemy than before. But how events will unfold here in the near future, so far only the Stavka knows about it. The command of the 3rd Ukrainian will recognize in due time, you just have to not waste time and get ready.

The same opinion was shared by the chief of staff, General S. S. Biryuzov, who transferred from the 4th to the 3rd Ukrainian Front together with F.I. Tolbukhin. Together they began a detailed study of the enemy and their troops according to the documents and observations of S. S. Biryuzov, who, having left the Crimea before the commander, had already managed to visit the troops.

From the first acquaintance with the affairs of the front, Fyodor Ivanovich had several points that should have been dealt with in detail. And the most important was the issue of the Kitskansky bridgehead, the choice of the direction of the main attack in the upcoming offensive.

Making systematic trips to various sectors of the front, F. I. Tolbukhin, together with General Biryuzov and a group of generals from the front headquarters, arrived at the 37th Army, located on the Kitskansky bridgehead, on one of the June days.

Successfully arrived, - Fedor Ivanovich smiled, after listening to the report of the commander, General M.N. Sharokhin, that a staff flight was taking place on the maps, a future offensive operation was being worked out.

The front commander carefully observed the course of the staff game. He also listened to General Sharokhin with his characteristic tact.

I know about your version, my friends, I thought a lot about it. I think it's interesting and alluring. The front headquarters has information that the enemy expects our main attack not in the sector of your army, but north of Tiraspol. There he concentrates his main forces. After a pause, evidently pondering something in his mind, Fyodor Ivanovich continued:

But I'm worried about how you will shelter a reinforced army on such a patch? How do you push it through the narrow neck? Have you thought about it?

The commander stepped towards the map hanging on the wall, but General Biryuzov was ahead of him.

I got acquainted with the calculations of the army headquarters and I believe that they are real.

But Biryuzov's answer did not satisfy the front commander. He continued to ask questions to the army commander, the chief of staff of the army, artillerymen, tankers, and rear servicemen, as if leading those present to the conclusion that the plan was bold and promising, but there was still much and hard work to be done on it.

All right, - General Tolbukhin summed up, - use your brains, discuss all the pros and cons. Here it is necessary to measure seven times before cutting off. Think about the following question: what will you do if the army cannot break through the German defenses south of Bender on the move? Report your answer later.

This is how, step by step, work was carried out to prepare the 3rd Ukrainian Front for the upcoming offensive. And when, in mid-July, the Deputy Chief of the General Staff, General A. I. Antonov, handed over the preliminary order of the Headquarters to go over to the offensive, the Military Council of the Front met. The participants of the meeting discussed in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each possible direction for the offensive. They did not come to a consensus. Disputes began. And Fyodor Ivanovich, calmly listening to each of those present, suggested not to get excited.

We need to think things through,” he said. - In the meantime, let's once again conduct * reconnaissance in different directions.

One reconnaissance group was headed by the commander, the other - by the chief of staff of the front. And when, returning from a trip to the troops, the Military Council met again, General Tolbukhin made a preliminary decision: "It is preferable to deliver the main blow on the left flank of the front, from the Kitskansky bridgehead."

Now that the decision was announced, it became clear why the front commander two days ago led a reconnaissance group that went to the right flank of the front. He once again wanted to make sure with his own eyes and his own mind that the key to the solution of the upcoming task should not be looked for here. And if he himself, not a couple of days ago, but perhaps much earlier, came to the conclusion that the Kitskansky bridgehead was preferable in this sense, then the Supreme High Command also had to be convinced of this. After all, it clearly and definitely spoke in favor of the Chisinau direction. He had to convince - no one else.

A lot of courage was required from the front commander to take such a step. After all, it is clear that if the planned blow does not give the expected result, a motive may arise: "You, Comrade Tolbukhin, were offered to strike the main blow in the Chisinau direction, but you insisted on your own."

However, there was no need to insist. Fyodor Ivanovich presented such concrete and weighty evidence, substantiated his decision in such a way that at a meeting at Headquarters, where the plans of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts for the Iasi-Kishinev operation were considered, his proposals were approved.

The detailed development of the operation began. The originality of F. I. Tolbukhin's military leadership, courage and depth of ideas encouraged commanders, commanders of corps and divisions to creatively approach the task. And yet, the most important thing that the efforts of the commander, the headquarters of the front and all services, commanders of various degrees and ranks, were directed to in the days remaining before the offensive was to force the enemy to remain in the dark about the true intentions and plans. It was necessary to convince the enemy that an offensive was being prepared in the Chisinau direction. The railway stations functioned intensively, where troops were allegedly unloaded. The appearance of a regrouping of tanks, artillery, and infantry was created. Radio stations turned on, accidentally "violating radio discipline."

Once, already on the eve of the offensive, Fyodor Ivanovich smiled slyly and asked the chief of staff:

And what, Sergei Semyonovich, have you not heard that the soldiers still do not scold their generals?

Yes, there seems to be no reason, - Biryuzov did not immediately understand the question.

How not? And at Perekop, when we forced them to march back and forth, you remember, they said: "They are driven to no avail from place to place. They use the code in such a way that even a small child will decipher. Well, we have generals ..."

Tolbukhin laughed merrily.

This time they should honor us even more savagely, rightly so. - Then, immediately becoming serious, he said: - I think, Sergey Semenovich, now the enemy will not have time, even if he guesses what's what.

The details of the course of the Iasi-Kishinev operation are also interesting. It is a pity, of course, that it is impossible to present them in a short essay. But its results speak for themselves. The encirclement and liquidation of the enemy grouping in the region of Chisinau and Yass, the complete cleansing of the Dniester-Prut interfluve, and the defeat of the enemy on the left bank of the Prut completed the liberation of the Moldavian SSR. Royal Romania was withdrawn from the war on the side of Germany. The Romanian army turned its weapons against the Nazi invaders.

For high leadership skills in leading troops in a strategic operation and the successful implementation of the plan of the Supreme High Command, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 12, 1944, F. I. Tolbukhin was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

A special place in the military biography of Tolbukhin is occupied by operations to liberate the countries of South-Western Europe from the Nazi yoke. The troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front under his command participated in the liberation of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary and Austria. At the same time, Fedor Ivanovich showed outstanding abilities in solving complex military and administrative issues. So, in the Bulgarian operation, Tolbukhin took into account all aspects of the political and operational-strategic nature in the country and, in order to avoid bloodshed, on September 8, 1944, he addressed the Bulgarian people with an appeal that said: "The Red Army has no intention of fighting the Bulgarian people and their army "because it considers the Bulgarian people a fraternal people. The Red Army has one task - to defeat the Germans and hasten the time for the onset of universal peace."

With the first rays of the sun on September 8, our troops crossed the Bulgarian border without firing a shot and rushed into the interior of the country. On the night of September 9, the rebellious Bulgarian people took power into their own hands. The new government, formed from representatives of the Fatherland Front Party, declared war on Nazi Germany. The liberation campaign of our troops began. The Bulgarian people enthusiastically greeted the Soviet soldiers everywhere.

Residents of cities and villages presented them with bread and salt, showered them with flowers. F. I. Tolbukhin was appointed chairman of the Allied Control Commission in Bulgaria and performed his duties with dignity. On the day of the 28th anniversary of the Soviet Army and Navy The people's community of the Bulgarian capital named Fedor Ivanovich an honorary citizen of Sofia. One of its boulevards is named after F.I. Tolbukhin.

34 times the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, saluted the valiant troops under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union F. I. Tolbukhin. For the skillful fulfillment of the tasks of the Supreme High Command in directing large-scale combat operations, as a result of which outstanding successes were achieved in the defeat of the Nazi troops, he was awarded the highest Soviet military order "Victory". The parade uniform of Fyodor Ivanovich was also decorated with two Orders of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of Suvorov I degree, Orders of Kutuzov I degree, the Red Star and many medals. The marshal was also awarded foreign orders and medals. On the eve of the 20th anniversary Great Victory He was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

In Moscow, near Samotechnaya Square, a monument was erected to Fyodor Ivanovich. People often come here, lay flowers at the foot, pay respects to the famous commander.

Tolbukhin Fedor Ivanovich (born June 16, 1894 - death October 17, 1949) - military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944); awarded the order"Victory" (No. 9 - 04/26/1945); Hero of the Soviet Union (1965, posthumously). 1938 - joined the CPSU (b).

During the Great Patriotic War, he was chief of staff of a number of fronts, commander of the armies, the Southern, 4th Ukrainian and 3rd Ukrainian fronts. 1945-1947 Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Group of Forces, since 1947 Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District.

Origin. early years

Born in the village of Andronina (Yaroslavl province) in a large peasant family. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Trade School, passed the external exam for the full course of the St. Petersburg Commercial School. 1914 - the First World War began, and in December 1914 Tolbukhin was drafted into the army.

He served on the North-Western Front as an ordinary motorcyclist at the headquarters of the 6th Infantry Division. After graduating from the accelerated courses of the Oranienbaum officer school in July 1915, he commanded a company, a battalion. Cavalier of the Orders of St. Stanislaus and St. Anna. He rose to the rank of Captain.

Military career after 1917

1917 - after the February Revolution, he was chairman of the regimental committee. 1918, August - voluntarily joined the Red Army. He served as assistant chief of staff for the operational part of the rifle division. For personal bravery in battles he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

At the end of the civil war, F. I. Tolbukhin was appointed chief of staff of the 56th Infantry Division of the Petrograd Military District.

1926-1927 and 1929-1930. Fedor Ivanovich studied at advanced training courses for senior officers.

1934 - graduated from the operational department of the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze. He was appointed chief of staff of the 1st Rifle Corps.

1937, September - commander of the 72nd rifle division of the Kyiv military district.

1938, July - was appointed chief of staff of the Transcaucasian Military District. For success in combat training by the end of 1938, Tolbukhin was awarded the rank of division commander.

June 1940 - promoted to the rank of major general.

The Great Patriotic War

With the outbreak of World War II, Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin was appointed chief of staff of the Transcaucasian Military District.

From the end of 1941 he was sent to the Soviet-German front. Chief of staff Caucasian Front, from the end of January 1942 - the Crimean Front.

March 10, 1942 - due to failures in the Crimea, he was removed from the post of chief of staff of the front and recalled to Moscow.

Soon after that, he was appointed deputy commander of the Stalingrad Military District, and at the end of July he was appointed commander of the 57th Army of the newly created Stalingrad Front.

During the Second World War, Georgy Zhukov lived in a civil marriage with a military paramedic Lydia ...

The military activity of Tolbukhin Fedor Ivanovich in the Battle of Stalingrad was awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st degree and the assignment of the military rank of lieutenant general.

1943, March - after graduation Battle of Stalingrad, was appointed commander of the Southern Front, later renamed the 3rd Ukrainian Front. The troops under the command of Fedor Ivanovich took part in the liberation of Ukraine and Crimea, in the Iasi-Kishinev operation, in the liberation of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria.

1944, September - headed the Allied Control Commission in Bulgaria.

Post-war service

At the end of the Great Patriotic War, the commander of the Southern Group of Forces.

1947, January - appointed commander of the Transcaucasian Military District.

Death

Marshal F.I. Tolbukhin died on October 17, 1949 at the age of 56. He was buried on Red Square in the Kremlin wall.

1965, May 7 - on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Victory over the Nazis, Marshal of the Soviet Union Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin, posthumously, was awarded the title - Hero of the Soviet Union.

Personal qualities of Marshal Tolbukhin

The fact that at that time Anna was married did not stop the decisive commander ...

Perhaps of all the commanders of the fronts, he was the most modest, unpretentious in personal plan, tolerant and attentive to subordinates. He was distinguished by a high general level of culture, concern for the timely and complete material supply of the armies, the desire to defeat the enemy primarily with artillery and aircraft, if possible not to throw armies into the attack when enemy firing points had not yet been destroyed or suppressed reliably, to win victories with little bloodshed. .

Awards

Two Orders of Lenin, Order of Victory, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of Suvorov 1st Class, Order of Kutuzov 1st Class, Order of the Red Star and medals, as well as foreign orders and medals. Honorary citizen of Sofia (1946) and Belgrade (1947)

Memory

1960 - a monument to Marshal Tolbukhin was erected in Moscow (sculptor L.E. Kerbel, architect G.A. Zakharov). 1972 - a monument to F.I. Tolbukhin (sculptor Yu.G. Orekhov, architect E.I. Khidirov) and the avenue was named after him.

Fedor Tolbukhin - army officer Russian Empire and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

He took part in several wars, including the First and Second World Wars, the Civil War, the Great Patriotic War.

Fedor Tolbukhin is widely known outside the countries of the former Soviet Union, since he took an active part in the liberation from German occupation of the territory of such states as:

• Austria;
• Hungary;
• Bulgaria;
• Romania;
• Yugoslavia.

He has many awards and titles, streets and squares in many cities of Russia and other countries are named after him. Some awards were already awarded posthumously.

Biography of F. Tolbukhin: the period of tsarist Russia

Fedor Ivanovich is a well-known military leader from a large family that lived in the village of Androniki, in the Danilovsky district of the Yaroslavl province. It was here that Fedor Tolbukhin was born on June 3 (17), 1894.

The boy studied at the parochial school in his native village, and then entered the Zemstvo school, located in the neighboring village of Davydkovo. He continued his studies in the Northern capital - Petersburg, where his older brother moved him after the death of his father.

Fedor graduated from the following educational institutions: the Trade School and the Commercial School. Engaging in commercial business did not attract him, although he worked for several years in one trading partnership.

In 1914, Tolbukhin was drafted into the army, and he was immediately sent to defend his homeland at the front. At this time the First World War began. Availability high education allowed the guy to get into the motorcycle company. Fought on northwestern front where he received a promotion.

Noticing a smart soldier, the command decided to send him to an officer school, which was located in the city of Oranienbaum. Here he was given the rank of ensign, and he was sent to the southwestern front to command a company. Later entrusted to the battalion.

During the hostilities, Tolbukhin was wounded twice, and 2 times he was shell-shocked. For special distinctions in front of his homeland, the young officer was awarded the rank of staff captain, as well as two orders - Stanislav and Anna.

The soldiers loved and respected Tolbukhin, so with the beginning of the revolution in Russia, he was offered to head the regimental committee. After that, he was responsible for carrying out the demobilization of the unit, received a dismissal from the army himself.

Civil War 1918, and again Tolbukhin takes part in hostilities. First, he created a military commissariat, recruiting people into the army. Then he was sent to study at the headquarters school, and fight on different fronts of the war.

During 1919-1921. He took part in many battles, among which the most significant were:

• Battle for Warsaw;
• Suppression of the uprising in Kronstadt;
• The struggle with the Finns for the Karelian peninsula.

In the interwar period, he took refresher courses several times, where he studied at the highest command staff. Before World War II, he became Chief of Staff of the Army of the Transcaucasian Military District, and in 1940 he was promoted to Major General. After the district was transformed into a front, Tolbukhin was sent with troops to occupy Iran, with which his servicemen did an excellent job.

Staff work was continued in 1941-1942, when he developed and successfully implemented the operation to liberate the Kerch Peninsula. The operation, which was called the Kerch-Feodosiya, was successful from the very beginning, but then stalled. Fyodor Ivanovich was removed from his post, replacing him with a more experienced general P. Vechny.

Tolbukhin was transferred briefly to the Stalingrad district, and then was appointed to command the 57th army, which took part in the liberation of Stalingrad. After Tolbukhin's army destroyed a rather large group of Germans, the commander was awarded the Order of Suvorov of the first degree and given the next rank - lieutenant general.

He continued his service on the northwestern front, where during February and March 1943 he commanded troops, and then was transferred to southern front and was promoted to Colonel General. It is with this period that the greatest victories in the Great Patriotic War are associated:

Then he was appointed to the command of the Third Ukrainian Front, after which he began planning the Iasi-Kishinev operation. The successful liberation of Moldova and the offensive against Romania made it possible to arrest the dictator Antonescu, and ensure the transition of Romania to the side of the allies.

Hero of Europe

After that, the offensive of the troops under the command of Tolbukhin on the European continent continued. After Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Hungary were liberated, successful assaults on Belgrade, Budapest and Vienna were carried out. During the assault on the latter, the general gave the order not to use heavy artillery, so as not to damage the ancient architecture.

These military operations are considered masterpieces military career an outstanding military leader, as well as military art. Marshal managed to drive the Germans out of Hungary, which was very important for the Germans. Each operation was very well thought out, differing only in the nature of the conduct. For example, Budapest and Vienna were offensive, Balaton - defensive.

Leading the Third Ukrainian Front, Tolbukhin, like his army, became heroes and champions in Europe in terms of the number of liberated countries, cities, capitals.

last years of life

During the Victory Parade, the army of the commander took part in the procession of troops along with his general. Later, Fedor Ivanovich was appointed to command the Southern Group of Forces, and in 1947 he took over the Transcaucasian Military District, which he ruled until his death in 1949.

Tolbukhin died on 10/17/1949, was buried in Red Square. After his death, he received his last title - Hero of the Soviet Union.

Personal life

While still studying at the headquarters school, he married for the first time in 1919, and a year later they divorced, during the marriage a daughter appeared, who was named Tatyana. Three years later, Tolbukhin married again to Tamara Bobyleva, who came from noble family. Later, Tolbukhina was remembered more than once, especially during her appointment to senior command positions. The son, who appeared to the couple, did not live long, and died as an infant.

• For special services to the Bulgarian people, the city of Dobrich was renamed in 1945 to Tolbukhin. And only in 1991 the former name was returned back.
• The life of Theodor Kellner and King Mihai was connected with the fate of the general. The first was a retired Austrian general, and then became mayor of Vienna, and later the 1st president of Austria. The Romanian King Mihai Tolbukhin presented the Order of Victory, although he was later expelled from his native country and deprived of the throne.
• For some time, a monument to the marshal stood in the Bulgarian capital, but after the overthrow of communism, the monument was dismantled. And then they were transferred to Tutaev, in the Yaroslavl region.

		Moscow, on Red Square
		Stele in Yaroslavl
		Monument in Yaroslavl (view 1)
		Monument in Yaroslavl (view 2)
		Monument in Moscow
		Bust in the village of Tolbukhino
		Bust in Donetsk
		Bust in the village of Androniki
		Annotation board in Minsk
		Annotation board in Sevastopol
		Bust in a museum in Moscow
		Memorial plaque in Moscow
		Annotation board in Sovetsk

T Olbukhin Fedor Ivanovich - commander of the troops of the Southern, 4th and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Born on June 4 (16), 1894 in the village of Androniki, Yaroslavl province (now Tolbukhinsky district, Yaroslavl region) in a peasant family. Russian.

He graduated from school in the village of Davydkovo (now Tolbukhino). After leaving school, he moved to St. Petersburg, and was assigned by his relatives to a commercial school. In 1914 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army. In 1915 he graduated from the school of ensigns in the city of Oranienbaum (now the city of Lomonosov, administrative subordination of St. Petersburg). Since 1915 - a participant in the First World War on Southwestern Front, company and battalion commander. He was awarded military orders: St. Anna and St. Stanislav. In 1917 - secretary and chairman of the regimental soldiers' committee. The last military rank in the Russian Imperial Army is staff captain.

When the Civil War began, F.I. Tolbukhin in August 1918 voluntarily joined the Red Army. At first he served as the military head of the Sandyrevsky and Shagotsky volost military commissariats in the Yaroslavl province. Then he fought on the Western Front as assistant chief and chief of staff of the 56th Moscow Rifle Division, chief of the operational department of the headquarters of the troops of the Karelian Front. In 1919 he graduated from the staff service school. In 1921 he participated in the suppression of the Kronstadt uprising.

Since August 1921 - Chief of Staff of the troops Nizhny Novgorod province, from September 1921 - Chief of Staff of the 56th Infantry Division. From December 1921 he was the head of the operational department of the headquarters of the troops of the Karelian Front, in this position he participated in repelling the White Finnish invasion of Karelia. Since March 1922 - again the chief of staff of the 56th Infantry Division. From January 1929 - commander of the 167th Infantry Regiment.

In 1927 and in 1930 he completed advanced training courses for senior officers. From November 1930 - Chief of Staff of the 1st Rifle Corps. In 1934 he graduated from the Military Academy of the Red Army named after M.V. Frunze. From January 1935 - Chief of Staff of the 19th Rifle Corps. From October 1937 he commanded the 72nd rifle division. Since July 1938 - Chief of Staff of the Transcaucasian Military District. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1938.

During the Great Patriotic War, Major General F.I. Tolbukhin Chief of Staff of the Transcaucasian (08.23.1941-30.12.1941), Caucasian (12.30.1941-28.01.1942) and Crimean (01.28.1942-10.03.1942) Fronts, Deputy Commander of the Stalingrad Military District (May - July 1942) , commander of the 57th Army (07/27/1942-02/15/1943) and the 68th Army (02/15/1943-03/13/1943).

From March 13, 1943, F.I. Tolbukhin commanded the troops of the Southern (from October 20, 1943 - the 4th Ukrainian Front) and from May 16, 1944 - the 3rd Ukrainian Fronts.

Tolbukhin's abilities as an outstanding military leader are indicated by operations carried out, in whole or in part, by the Southern, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian fronts, which he commanded: Donbass, Melitopol, Nikopol-Krivoy Rog, Crimean, Yassko-Chisinau, Belgrade, Budapest, Balaton , Viennese. Tolbukhin showed himself as a real strategist.

After the Victory, despite a serious illness, he continued to serve in the Soviet Army. From June 15, 1945 - Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Group of Forces (Romania and Bulgaria). From January 1947 - Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District.

He died on October 17, 1949 in Moscow. His ashes are buried on Red Square in the Kremlin wall.

At Order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1965 to the Marshal of the Soviet Union Tolbukhin Fedor Ivanovich posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Military ranks:
brigade commander (11/28/1935),
division commander (07/15/1938),
major general (06/04/1940),
lieutenant general (01/19/1943),
colonel general (04/28/1943),
army general (09/21/1943),
Marshal of the Soviet Union (09/12/1944).

He was awarded the highest military order "Victory" (04/26/1945), two orders of Lenin (03/19/1944, 02/21/1945), three orders of the Red Banner (10/18/1943, 11/3/1944), two orders of Suvorov 1st degree (01/28/1944). 1943, 05/16/1944), the Order of Kutuzov 1st degree (09/17/1943), the Order of the Red Star (02/22/1938), medals.

People's Hero of Yugoslavia (05/31/1945). Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1979). Cavalier of foreign orders and medals: Order of Courage (People's Republic of Bulgaria), Grand Cross of the Order of the Republic (Hungary), Order of Hungarian Freedom (Hungary), Order of the Legion of Honor of the degree of Grand Officer (France), medals. Honorable Sir the cities of Sofia (1946), Belgrade (1947), Dobritz (Bulgaria, 1946), Vratsa (Bulgaria).

In 1960, in Moscow, on Samotechny Boulevard, F.I. Tolbukhin erected a monument. The bust-monument, dismantled by the Bulgarian authorities in Sofia in the early 1990s, was installed in the city of Tutaev, Yaroslavl region. There, behind the bust in the Alley of Heroes, there is a memorial sign with the name of the marshal. In 1995, a bust was erected in Donetsk. In Yaroslavl, an avenue was named after Marshal and a monument was erected. At home, in the native village of Androniki and near the school building in the village of Tobukhino, monuments-busts to the commander were erected, a museum named after him was opened. The city of Dobrich in Bulgaria in 1949-1990 was called Tolbukhin. In Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.