One of major events The twentieth century was the victory of the Soviet people over fascism in World War II. In the historical memory of peoples and in the calendar, the main holiday will forever remain - Victory Day, the symbols of which are the Parade on Red Square and the festive fireworks in the sky of Moscow.

On May 9, 1945, at 2 am Moscow time, announcer I. Levitan announced the surrender of Nazi Germany on behalf of the command. Ended four long years, 1418 days and nights Patriotic War, full of loss, deprivation, grief.

And on June 24, 1945, the first parade took place on Red Square in Moscow, dedicated to victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War. The combined regiments of the fronts, the combined regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, the combined regiment Navy, military academies, military schools and troops of the Moscow garrison. More than 40,000 military personnel and 1,850 pieces of equipment passed through Red Square. It was raining during the parade, so military aircraft did not take part in the parade. Marshal commanded the parade Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky, and the parade was received by Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov.

Stalin, as well as Molotov, Kalinin, Voroshilov, Budyonny and other members of the Politburo, watched the parade from the podium of the Lenin Mausoleum.

Dedicated to the Victory Parade documentary- one of the first color films of the USSR.It was called “Victory Parade”.

On this day at 10 o'clock in the morning, Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov rode a white horse from the Spassky Gates to Red Square.

After the command "Parade, at attention!" The square erupted in thunderous applause. Parade commander Konstantin Rokossovsky submitted a report to Georgy Zhukov, and then together they began to detour the troops.

Following this, the signal “Listen to everyone!” sounded, and the military band played the hymn “Glory, Russian people!” Mikhail Glinka. After Zhukov's welcoming speech, the anthem of the Soviet Union was played, and a solemn march of troops began.

Banner of Victory hoisted over the Reichstag in Berlin, 1945

The parade was opened with the banner of Victory, which was transported through Red Square in a special car, accompanied by the Heroes of the Soviet Union M.A. Egorova and M.V. Kantaria, who hoisted this banner on the defeated Reichstag in Berlin.

Then the consolidated regiments of the fronts marched across Red Square.

After that - the famous Soviet Combat vehicles which provided our army with superiority over the enemy.

The parade ended with an action that shocked the whole world - the orchestra fell silent and, to the beat of drums, two hundred soldiers entered the square, carrying trophy banners lowered to the ground.

Rank after rank, the soldiers turned to the mausoleum, on which the leaders of the country and outstanding military leaders stood, and threw the banners of the destroyed Nazi army captured in the battles on the stones of Red Square. This action has become a symbol of our triumph and a warning to all who encroach on the freedom of our Motherland. During the Victory Parade to the foot of the mausoleum of V.I. Lenin threw 200 banners and standards of the defeated Nazi divisions.

Victory parades were held all over the world. But perhaps the most significant was the Victory Parade, organized by the victorious country. It was held on June 24 on Red Square in Moscow and became a landmark event for millions of people around the world.

Even the pouring rain that had begun could not overshadow the solemn mood of the parade participants. True, because of the downpour, the air part of the parade and the demonstration of workers had to be abandoned.

Marshal Georgy Zhukov, took over the parade, rode a silver-white stallion, followed by Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky, commander of the parade, on a black horse. Joseph Stalin and members of the Politburo watched the parade from the podium of Lenin's Mausoleum.

Suvorov's drummers were the first to march solemnly. They were followed by especially distinguished soldiers of eleven fronts: infantrymen and artillerymen, tankers and pilots, cavalrymen, sappers and signalmen - about 40 thousand people in total.

Victory Parade on Red Square. Infantry. June 24, 1945
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Participated in the parade military equipment- including the legendary Katyusha mortars. It is interesting that all the Katyushas in the parade have one headlight, that is, in the form in which they participated in the war: it was too wasteful to put a pair of headlights for front-line needs.

Victory Parade on Red Square. Guards mortars. June 24, 1945
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Commanders of the fronts of the Great Patriotic War: I.S. Konev, A.M. Vasilevsky, G.K. Zhukov, K.K. Rokossovsky, K.A. Meretskov, F.I. Tolbukhin, R.Ya. Malinovsky, A.A. Govorov, A.I. Eremenko, I.Kh. Bagramyan. 1945
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The culmination of the parade was the deposition at the foot of the Mausoleum of two hundred banners and standards of the defeated German units. The soldiers held the German banners in gloves - so as not to touch the enemy banners with their hands. To the sound of drumming, the standards were thrown onto a special wooden platform - they were not supposed to touch the paving stones of Red Square. After the parade, both the gloves and the platform were burned, and the banners were handed over to museums for storage.

A toast to the Victory and to comrades-in-arms May 9, 1945 Berlin.

“It has happened! She is in front of us, not a word, not marble, hot, alive, in a tunic, faded from the sun and rains, gray-haired from the dust of campaigns, with ribbons of wounds on her chest, the most beautiful and most beloved, our VICTORY!

The last volleys died down, and after many years Europe gained great gift- silence. For the first time, mothers can calmly caress their children - the shadow of death no longer falls on the cradle. Flowers bloom, grains sprout, fields rise, they will not be trampled by the caterpillars of tanks. And in the unusual silence of this morning, millions of excited hearts salute the victory.

The Red Army saved mankind from mortal danger. I will not darken this hour with pictures of fascist atrocities; and there is no need for it: there is grief that is longer than life. We will not forget what we have experienced, and this is the guarantee of the world. He stands on the clock, protecting the future, a soldier of Stalingrad; he saw everything, he remembers everything, and he knows that fascism is the end.

More than once we have heard lofty words: "Eternal glory to the heroes who fell in the battles for the freedom and independence of our Motherland!" Looking at green and ruby rockets, we thought about those whose too short life illuminated the path of the people. The dead are immortal, and wherever those graves are, in the Caucasus or near the Alps, a passer-by will take off his hat in front of them: he owes his breath to them. And many years later the children will talk about the years great grief and great glory, as about their origins: after all, those who died saved their grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

The fields will turn green near Ponar, near Korsun, near Mga - where blood flowed and fire raged. It is difficult to find words to describe such happiness. You win. Motherland! "

People ran out of houses. They happily congratulated each other on the long-awaited victory.

Banners appeared. There were more and more people, and everyone moved to Red Square.

A spontaneous demonstration began. Joyful faces, songs, harmonica dances.

Thirty volleys from a thousand guns in honor of the Great Victory.

Everyone cheered, from young to old.

It was impossible not only to pass, but also to pass. The military is grabbed, shaken, kissed.

It’s good that as soon as I arrived, I took a liter of vodka at the station, otherwise it was impossible to buy it in the evening. We celebrated Victory Day with our family, apartment owners and neighbors. They drank for the victory, for those who did not live to see this day and for the fact that this bloody massacre would never happen again. On May 10, it was no longer possible to buy vodka in Moscow, they drank it all.

On the Tverskaya Zastava near the Pobeda railway station

Victory Day in Moscow, 1945. The whole of Moscow was seething!
Mayakovsky Square

Performance of the Big State Symphony Orchestra on Manezhnaya Square

Demonstration on the Big Stone Bridge

Jubilant Muscovites and guests of the capital on Manezhnaya Square.

Rejoicing Muscovites on Mokhovaya Street, against the backdrop of the Moscow Hotel

Boys at the beginning of Tverskaya (Gorky St.)

People in the Historical passage (Tverskaya is visible in the distance)

Joyful gang at Pashkov's house

SOME FACTS FROM THE HISTORY OF THE HOLIDAY

The history of the Victory Day holiday has been going on since May 9, 1945, when the act of complete surrender of Nazi Germany was signed. Despite the fact that some military operations continued after May 9, this day is considered the day of the defeat of Germany. In Western countries, it is customary to celebrate the end of World War II in Europe on May 8, since it was on that day, Central European time, at 22:43 that the act of surrender was signed. In Moscow, with its two-hour time difference, May 9 has already arrived. On the same day I.V. Stalin signed a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR that May 9 becomes a public holiday - Victory Day and is declared a day off. At 6 o'clock in the morning Moscow time, this Decree was read on the radio announcer Levitan, andIn the evening, the Victory Salute was given in Moscow, the largest in the history of the USSR: thirty volleys were fired from a thousand guns.

The first full-fledged celebration in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War took place only on June 24, 1945. Start significant event was marked by a parade commanded by Konstantin Rokossovsky. The parade was hosted by Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, one of the most famous military leaders of the 20th century. In other cities of the USSR in honor of great date fireworks were fired.

In 1947 this significant holiday was recognized as a regular working day, which automatically canceled parades and other large-scale events. And only in 1965, in the year of the twentieth anniversary of the victory, May 9 was restored to its rights as a national holiday.

holiday attributes

Fireworks

The first salute in Moscow was given in honor of the successful offensive Soviet army on the Oryol and Belgorod direction on August 5, 1943. At that time, there were no special salute units in the USSR, nor salute ammunition with equipment. Salute "by means at hand" was carried out by artillery crews of the air defense troops and the garrison of the Moscow Kremlin. After that, a tradition was established to arrange salutes in honor of the successes of the Soviet army in battles with the Nazis.

A large-scale salute was held after the liberation of Kharkov. This salute was very beautiful: hundreds of signal and lighting rockets soared into the sky, lined with tracer bullets from anti-aircraft machine guns. Their bullets were later found piercing the asphalt and were even injured by them. For this reason, machine guns were no longer used during salutes.

The most grandiose salute was held on Victory Day on May 9, 1945 at 22-oo. 30 volleys were fired from a thousand, mostly anti-aircraft guns. The sky was illuminated by the festive illumination of the searchlights of the air defense forces.

Banner of Victory

The banner taken from the Reichstag, where Yegorov and Meliton Kantaria hoisted it, did not participate in the first Victory Parade. The name of the 150th division, where the soldiers served, was displayed on it, and the country's leadership considered that such a banner could not be a symbol of the Victory, which was achieved by the whole people, and not by one division. This historical injustice was corrected only much later, already in the Brezhnev era.

Festive Parade

The Victory Parade in Russia is traditionally held on Red Square in Moscow. In addition to Moscow, May 9 parades are held in other cities of the country.

The first parade in honor of the USSR Victory in the Great Patriotic War took place on June 24, 1945 on Red Square. It was prepared very carefully. Rehearsals took a month and a half. Soldiers and officers learned to mint a step at a frequency of 120 steps per minute. First, stripes were drawn on the asphalt along the length of the step, and then they even pulled the ropes to help set the height of the step. The boots were covered with a special varnish, in which the sky was reflected like in a mirror, and metal plates were nailed to the soles, which helped to mint the step. The Parade began at ten o'clock in the morning, almost all this time it was raining, sometimes turning into a downpour. About forty thousand people participated in the Parade. Zhukov and Rokossovsky went to Red Square on white and black horses, respectively. I.V. Stalin only watched the parade from the podium of Lenin's Mausoleum. The parade ended with the release of 200 standard bearers, each of whom threw the flag of the German army at the foot of the Mausoleum.

In 1948, the tradition of holding festive parades on Red Square was interrupted and resumed in the anniversary year of the 20th anniversary of the Victory - in 1965. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, parades on Victory Day stopped again for a while. They were revived again only in the anniversary year of 1995, when two parades were held in Moscow at once: the first (on foot) on Red Square and the second (with the participation of equipment) at the memorial complex Poklonnaya Gora. Since then, Victory parades on Red Square have been held every year.

GEORGE RIBBON

Since 2005, the St. George Ribbon. I remember! I am proud!”, during which everyone can get a small St. George ribbon for free - a symbol of memory and respect for the feat of our people, who won the Great Victory over fascism. It traces its history from the ribbon to the soldier's order of St. George the Victorious, established on November 26, 1769 by Empress Catherine II. This tape, with minor changes, was included in reward system The USSR as the "Guards Ribbon" - a sign of special distinction for soldiers. She is covered with a block of a very honorable "soldier's" Order of Glory. St. George Ribbon- bicolor (two-color). Ribbon colors are black (meaning smoke) and yellow-orange (flame),are a sign of the personal prowess of a soldier on the battlefield.

DO YOU KNOW...

During the Great Patriotic War, not only people, but also entire cities became heroes. For the first time, hero cities were mentioned in the order of the Supreme Commander armed forces USSR May 1, 1945. That was the name of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Sevastopol, Stalingrad (since 1961 - Volgograd) and Odessa. officially the title of "Hero City" was established on the 20th anniversary of the Victory - May 8, 1965. On this day, he was awarded to Moscow, Volgograd, Kyiv, Leningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol, the Brest Fortress - the title of "Fortress-Hero". In subsequent years, this title was awarded to Kerch, Minsk, Murmansk, Novorossiysk, Smolensk, Tula. In May 2006, the Law on the title "City of Military Glory" was adopted. Currently, 27 cities carry this title.

"Molotov cocktail": this is how the Germans called our Molotov cocktails. But it was not the diplomat V.M. who came up with them at all. Molotov, and Lieutenant General A.I. Eremenko. In July 1941, he ordered that 10,000 glass bottles in a warehouse in Gomel be filled with a mixture of gasoline and phosphorus-containing substances. This composition was used in flamethrowers. These homemade grenades were convenient to hold and throw at enemy tanks. The Molotov cocktail turned out to be a simple and highly effective anti-tank weapon.

The battle for the ancient Russian city of Rzhev was the longest battle of World War II. It lasted 14 months - from January 1942 to March 1943. Near Rzhev, the Germans left almost 80% of their tanks and about 300 thousand killed soldiers and officers.

The first retaliatory bombing strike on Berlin was delivered by our five DB-3F bombers on the night of August 8, 1941.

During the Battle of Kursk, July 6, 1943, Soviet pilot Senior Lieutenant Alexander Gorobets single-handedly entered into battle with 20 enemy bombers. The battle lasted only 15 minutes, during which time Gorobets destroyed 9 Nazi aircraft. This has never happened in the history of world aviation.

The best fighter pilot in the aviation of the allied countries that fought with Nazi Germany, was Three times Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub. He went to the front in March 1943 and until May 1945 made 330 sorties, conducted 120 air battles and shot down 62 enemy aircraft.

Most famous soviet submariner- captain of the third rank Alexander Marinesko. He commanded the S-13 submarine in the Baltic Fleet. On January 30, 1945, S-13 attacked the "invulnerable" fascist liner "Wilhelm Gustlov", sending several thousand enemy soldiers and officers to the bottom. The sinking of the Gustlov is called the "attack of the century" by military historians.

The rocket launcher BM-13 (Combat vehicle-13) is known as the famous "Katyusha". But she was not called "Katyusha" right away. At first, our fighters called this gun "Raisa Semyonovna", as if deciphering the abbreviation "RS" - "rockets". And then someone noticed that the car has a factory brand in the form of the letter "K" (BM-13 was produced at the Moscow plant "Compressor") - that's where the name "Katyusha" was born. And the song about the girl Katyusha was very popular then.

Taran - Russian technique. For the day of June 22, 1941 Soviet pilots made at least 16 air rams. In the first, most difficult year of the war, our pilots went to ram about 400 times, and during the entire war - at least 636. One out of three remained alive.

Shoulder straps in our army were introduced in 1943, before that they were replaced by buttonholes - rectangular stripes of different colors on the collars of gymnasts and tunics. And the insignia showing the military rank were the usual geometric figures- triangles, squares. rectangles. Asterisks were on buttonholes only for generals.

During the Great Patriotic War, an anti-tank barrier welded from scraps of railway rails was widely used - a hedgehog. German tankers, seeing such an obstacle for the first time, were sure that they would simply crush it under them. However, when the car ran into a hedgehog, he rolled under the bottom of the tank, tore off his caterpillars from the ground and he stopped. If the hedgehog hit the caterpillar, he simply tore it.

From November 20, 1941, the ration of a Leningrader was: workers - 250 grams of bread per day, employees, dependents and children under 12 years old - 125 grams, troops of the first line - 500 grams. Leningrad was under blockade for 900 days. The victims of the blockade were about million people who died from starvation, disease, shelling and bombing.

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POEMS FOR THE HOLIDAY

Even then we were not in the world

When fireworks rumbled from end to end.

Soldiers, you gave the planet

Great May, victorious May!

Even then we were not in the world,

When in a military storm of fire,

Deciding the fate of future centuries,

You fought a holy battle!

Thank you soldiers

For life, for childhood and spring,

For silence, for a warm house,

For the world we live in!

M. Vladimov

***

Let us not be at the front in those days,

They didn’t huddle in dugouts in three rolls,

Those who forged the Victory in the forty-fifth.

Let us not pass a meter in battles,

Marches did not break our backs,

But still we are grandchildren, daughters, sons

Those who danced in the streets of Berlin.

May this unforgettable day of spring

Salute will sparkle on military awards

For all those who endured the hardships of war

And he brought us Victory in the forty-fifth ...

Anatoly KUZNETSOV

A toast to the Victory and to comrades-in-arms May 9, 1945 Berlin.
“It has happened! She is in front of us, not a word, not marble, hot, alive, in a tunic, faded from the sun and rains, gray-haired from the dust of campaigns, with ribbons of wounds on her chest, the most beautiful and most beloved, our VICTORY!

The last volleys died down, and after many years Europe found a great gift - silence. For the first time, mothers can calmly caress their children - the shadow of death no longer falls on the cradle. Flowers bloom, grains sprout, fields rise, they will not be trampled by the caterpillars of tanks. And in the unusual silence of this morning, millions of excited hearts salute the victory.

More than once we have heard lofty words: "Eternal glory to the heroes who fell in the battles for the freedom and independence of our Motherland!" Looking at the green and ruby rockets, we thought about those whose too short life illuminated the path of the people. The dead are immortal, and wherever those graves are, in the Caucasus or near the Alps, a passer-by will take off his hat in front of them: he owes his breath to them. And many years later, children will talk about the years of great grief and great glory, as about their origins: after all, those who died saved their grandchildren and great-grandchildren.