Why is Malinovsky included in the composition. Malinovsky, Rodion Yakovlevich. "The troops of the Southern Front covered their banners with shame"

MILITARY ECONOMY, the military-economic system, materially providing for the creation and maintenance of the military power of the state; the science of the regularities of this provision. The military economy as a military economic system is inextricably linked with social production and the armed forces (AF). It includes the material and technical base, labor resources, finance allocated by the state for the economic provision of its military needs. From the point of view of intersystem relations of the military economy with the civilian economy and the Armed Forces, its structure includes 2 blocks: the military-industrial complex (DIC) and the economy of the armed forces (EMU). The defense industry is a military-oriented part of the state economy, primarily the military industries. basic industries, Agriculture, transport, communications are classified as a military economy in terms of serving the military needs of the state. EMU ensures the distribution, exchange (circulation) and consumption of military products. It includes the logistics and economic services of the Armed Forces.

In the wars of the 19th century, 8-14% of the national income of the belligerent states was spent within the framework of the war economy, in the 1st World War - up to 33%, in the 2nd World War - 50%. The arms race after the 2nd World War contributed to the build-up of the capacities of the war economy. The military-industrial corporations of the states that were part of the military blocs developed and implemented long-term military research programs and re-equipped the Armed Forces with ever more advanced weapons. In connection with the new geopolitical picture of the world, shifts in the ratio of the military power of the largest powers (in 2005, the size of the military budgets were: USA - 505.8 billion dollars; Great Britain - 47.4 billion dollars; France - 45.2 billion dollars; Japan - 42 $.4 billion China $35.4 billion Germany $33.9 billion Italy $27.8 billion Russia $19.4 billion Saudi Arabia- 19.3 billion dollars; North Korea - 15.5 billion dollars), as well as with the reform of the economy Russian Federation at the beginning of the 21st century, changes are taking place in the economic security of Russia. The task is to ensure the maintenance of the state's defense potential at a level adequate to existing and potential military threats, taking into account economic opportunities. It is planned to reduce the number of defense industry enterprises while maintaining the scientific, technical, design, production and human resources core of the military industry. After 2006, serial deliveries to the Armed Forces of the latest types of weapons and military equipment. The military-economic infrastructure of the Armed Forces is also being transformed. From the rear of the Armed Forces, structures are being withdrawn that perform functions that are not characteristic of a military organization. Priority is given to logistic support from stationary bases and warehouses with the preservation of war time sufficient composition of units and institutions of the rear.

The subject of military economics as a science is a set of relations of production, distribution, exchange (circulation) and consumption of military products, which are formed in various fields the vital activity of society: in that part of the economy which is occupied directly with the economic support of the military organization, and in the military organization itself. Includes the theory of military economics and specific branch military-economic disciplines. The theory of war economy studies the system of military-economic relations in their entirety, in connection with the historical specific conditions of production and methods of waging wars. Branch military-economic disciplines study certain aspects of the military economy, the mechanism of operation of its laws in relation to their sphere and tasks.

AT modern conditions The development of the military economy as a military-economic system and as a science plays an important role in shaping the state's military-economic policy and strengthening the country's military might.

Lit .: Voznesensky N. A. The military economy of the USSR in the period Patriotic War. M., 1948; Military economy: management, planning, military-economic security. M., 1995; Kuzyk B. N. The defense industrial complex of Russia: a breakthrough into the 21st century. M., 1999.

Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich - Soviet military leader. He was twice awarded the title. During Malinovsky, he commanded the troops of the Southwestern, Southern, Second and Third Ukrainian fronts. folk hero Yugoslavia.

A family

The biography of Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky begins in Odessa. It was in this city on November 22, 1898 that the future Mother of Malinovsky was born, Varvara Nikolaevna, a Ukrainian by nationality, was a hired worker. Her son was born out of wedlock. The alleged father, Yakov Ivanovich Bunin, worked in the Odessa police department. But Rodion Yakovlevich was raised only by his mother. Since childhood, he was accustomed to work, as a teenager he worked in a haberdashery store.

The beginning of the war. First wounds and awards

As soon as the First World War began, Rodion Yakovlevich persuaded the soldiers to take him to the train. And he was enlisted in the machine gun team of the 64th division of the 256th Elisavetgrad regiment as a carrier of cartridges. True, there was a small incident. In the metric, where the father's name should have been written, there was a dash. The senior clerk thought about how to write down the patronymic, and suggested "Varvarovich" - by the name of the mother. So Malinovsky was included in the lists. Subsequently, he nevertheless changed his middle name.

In 1915 he was seriously wounded near Smorgon. Shrapnel from the shell hit Rodion Yakovlevich in the back and leg. After this injury, he received his first award - the St. George Cross of the fourth degree and the rank of corporal.

In 1915-1916. Rodion Yakovlevich was in the Kazan hospital for treatment. Then he went to fight on the Western Front. In April 1917 he was wounded again and received two combat crosses as a reward. In the same year he was again wounded in the arm at La Curtina. After a two-month treatment, he worked for some time in quarries. Then he volunteered for the Foreign Legion.

Civil War

When in 1919 Rodion Yakovlevich, the future Marshal Malinovsky, returned to Russia, he was almost shot by the Red Army, finding books in French in his possession. An ordinary postcard with a view of the Potemkin Stairs in Odessa helped to avoid death. He took her with him before leaving for the front.

Malinovsky was able not only to list all the buildings drawn on the postcard, but also to describe the history of each of them. After he managed to escape execution, he joined the Red Army and fought in the Civil War in the 27th division against Kolchak.

Military career

When the Civil War ended, Rodion Yakovlevich went to the command staff school and successfully graduated from it. He was appointed commander of a machine-gun platoon, then a team, assistant commander of a rifle battalion. In 1930 he graduated military academy them. Frunze.

Malinovsky was appointed chief of staff officer of the Belarusian and North Caucasian military districts and chief of staff of the cavalry corps, then - the army of the "western". From 1937 to 1938, already in the rank of colonel, Rodion Yakovlevich served as a military adviser in Spain. He had a pseudonym "Malino" and provided great assistance to the republican command.

For his service he received two and Lenin as a reward. In 1938, Malinovsky was awarded the rank of brigade commander. Since 1939, he began teaching at the Academy. Frunze.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic

In 1941 he was appointed commander of the 48th Corps of Riflemen in the military district of Odessa, in the city of Balti. There he was caught by the Great Patriotic War. Malinovsky with parts of the corps had to defend against the Germans. Despite the fact that the enemy was outnumbered, the fighters held out heroically, without departing from state border near the river Prut. But the forces were unequal, the corps had to retreat near the city of Nikolaev. So he was trapped. But thanks to General Malinovsky, the corps was withdrawn from the encirclement. Moreover, continuing to retreat to the east, the fighters were able to inflict significant damage on the Nazi troops. As a result, the future Marshal Soviet Union Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky received the rank of lieutenant general. Then he was appointed commander of the 6th Army and the Southern Front.

Defeat and demotion

However, victories were not always won. In the winter of 1942, the Germans were thrown back from Kharkov by 100 kilometers. But already in the spring, the enemy dealt crushing blows to the Soviet troops. Due to the defeat during the Kharkov operation, Stalin removed Malinovsky from command of the front and appointed (with a reduction in rank) command of the 66th Army.

The role of Malinovsky in the Battle of Stalingrad

In the fall of 1942, Malinovsky was appointed deputy commander of the Voronezh Front. And a month later he led the troops of the Second Guards Army. He managed to prove himself from the best side, after which Stalin returned him to his former position - the commander of the Southern Front.

The fact is that the German General Manstein with his troops struck at Stalingrad in order to break through the encirclement around the 6th army of F. Paulus. Soviet general Vasilevsky tried to prove to Stalin that Malinovsky's army was very necessary as an aid.

But there was no time to wait for an answer. The future Marshal Malinovsky, Rodion Yakovlevich, independently deployed his troops and put them in combat positions. This played a huge role in the victory during the Kotelnikov operation. And, accordingly, in the battle of Stalingrad.

Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky: biography and awards of the marshal

Thanks to many successful military operations, Southern Ukraine and Donbass were liberated from the Germans. In the spring of 1944, Malinovsky was able to liberate Odessa as well. As a result, he was promoted to the rank of General of the Army. Then he was transferred to command the Second Ukrainian Front. After the rout german army"Southern Ukraine" Romania broke off the alliance with Germany and declared war on her.

For active military operations and numerous victories, heroism and courage, Marshal of the Soviet Union Rodion Malinovsky received this high rank in September 1944. After that there were many hard and exhausting battles. One of them is near Budapest. But the German army of 200 thousand people was nevertheless destroyed. And after the Vienna operation, Malinovsky was awarded the Order of Victory.

He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union after the Great Patriotic War, for service in the Far East. During the Soviet-Japanese War, he commanded the Trans-Baikal Front. Having broken through the Gobi desert, he and his army ended up in the center of Manchuria. And completed the complete encirclement of the enemy. Thanks to this, the Japanese were completely defeated.

Postwar years

After the end of the war, Marshal R. Ya. Malinovsky remained in the Far East as commander of the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District. Since 1947 he became the Commander-in-Chief there. Since 1953 he was appointed to command the Far Eastern Military District.

In 1956 - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR G. Zhukov. And at the same time Commander-in-Chief ground forces Soviet Union. In 1957, he took office. Marshal Malinovsky remained on it until his death. He made a huge contribution to strengthening the military power of the USSR, as well as to the rearmament of the army.

Personal life

Rodion Yakovlevich has four children. The first son, Robert, became a doctor of technical sciences. The second, Edward, is a music teacher. And the third (adoptive), Herman, is a colonel. And the fourth - daughter Natalia. She became not only a candidate of philological sciences, but also a member of the Writers' Union.

During the service of Malinovsky in the Russian expeditionary force in France, he was under investigation several times. At first, he was charged with stealing two horses. But Malinovsky was acquitted, as the animals were found.

The second time he was accused as the organizer of card games at the outpost. But this case remained unconsidered, as hostilities intensified. The third time he was convicted of collective drunkenness. Moreover, at that time he was one of the commanders. Malinovsky was sentenced to corporal punishment, but released from them as a bearer of the George Cross.

Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich is the only Soviet military leader who wrote memoirs about the First World War "Soldiers of Russia". But there was a ban on the publication of such publications. To get around him, Rodion Yakovlevich changed his name in his memoirs and became Ivan Varvarovich Grinko in the book.

He was also the only commander of the Great Patriotic War who was fluent in several foreign languages especially Spanish and French.

Death of Malinovsky

Marshal Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich died of a serious illness in 1967, on March 31. At that time he was already in Moscow. After death, he was cremated, and his ashes rest on the Red Square of the capital, near the Kremlin wall.

Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky. Born on November 10 (22), 1898 in Odessa - died on March 31, 1967 in Moscow. Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, People's Hero of Yugoslavia. Minister of Defense of the USSR (1957-1967). Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1956-1967).

By nationality - Ukrainian.

Father - Yakov, killed in Odessa.

Mother - Varvara Nikolaevna Malinovskaya.

His parents were not married. The father was killed before the son was born.

According to one version, which was presented by Malinovsky's first wife in 1954 in her complaint to the Central Election Commission for elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, his father was allegedly Yakim (Yakov) Ivanovich Bunin, the Odessa police chief, from the hereditary nobles of the Tambov province, a colonel who came out retired as a major general and died in 1902.

After the death of Rodion's father, his mother returned to her native places and served as a housekeeper on the estate of Count Heiden, where she met her future husband Sergei Zalesny, who worked as a lackey on the estate.

On the day when his mother remarried, 11-year-old Rodion ran away from home (according to another version, his mother’s husband refused to adopt him and therefore Rodion was raised by his mother’s sister, Natalya Nikolaevna, who lived near Odessa, in the village of Yurkovka). He worked as a laborer, clerk in a haberdashery store in Odessa.

Later, Rodion was taken to Odessa by another sister of his mother, Elena Nikolaevna, and her husband, Mikhail Alexandrovich, who assigned Rodion to the haberdashery shop of the merchant Pripuskov as an errand boy. While working in the store, Rodion began to learn French on his own.

In August 1914, attributing age to himself, in the echelon of Elisavetgradsky infantry regiment went to the front of the First World War. Rodion was going to be returned home due to his infancy, but he persuaded him to leave him and in the end was enlisted as a carrier of cartridges in the machine gun team of the 256th Elisavetgrad Infantry Regiment of the 64th Infantry Division. The division took its first battle on September 14 on the banks of the Neman River.

At the age of 16, in July 1915, he received his first military award - the St. George Cross of the IV degree - already as a machine gun gunner. The number of the cross is 54850. In October 1915, he was seriously wounded near Smorgon (two fragments hit his back, one in his leg). In October 1915 - February 1916 he was treated at the Ermakov hospital in Moscow, then in Kazan. Upon recovery, he was seconded to Oranienbaum, where a reserve machine-gun regiment was formed.

Since 1916, as part of the 1st brigade of the expeditionary corps of the Russian army in France, he fought on Western front. On April 16, 1917, on the very first day of the offensive of the Russian units in the area of Fort Brimont, he was seriously wounded in the arm. He ended up in a military hospital in the city of Reims, where he hardly persuaded the surgeon not to amputate his hand. The doctor sent him to the English hospital in Epernay, where an English surgeon performed a complicated operation on him at that time, which allowed him to save his hand. Received French awards - 2 military crosses.

After the unsuccessful offensive of the French army, which was called the Nivel massacre after the commander of the French army, discontent and revolutionary moods began to grow in the Russian and French units under the influence of news from Russia. In this offensive, only the Russian units achieved success in fierce battles for Fort Brimont and the village of Coursi, earning fame and respect from the French. The French command, due to heavy losses and the spread of revolutionary ideas in parts, decided to withdraw the Russian brigades from the front.

In the summer of 1917, Russian soldiers of the 1st and 3rd brigades stationed in the La Curtin military camp began to demand that the command be sent to Russia. However, the Provisional Government did not want about 20 thousand revolutionary-minded soldiers to return to Russia and tried to send them to the Thessaloniki sector of the front, and then persuaded the French to suppress the uprising. But the French command did not want to use its units to shoot Russian soldiers, fearing a negative response. Almost all the officers with a large part of the soldiers of the 3rd brigade fled the camp. To suppress the uprising, General Zankevich formed a detachment from the fresh 2nd artillery brigade, recently arrived from Russia, part of the soldiers of the 3rd brigade and officers. The commanding officers gave the remaining soldiers an ultimatum to lay down their arms and leave the camp. Most of the soldiers refused.

Rodion did not participate in the uprising, since in September 1917 he was in a hospital in the city of Saint-Servan due to bleeding from a wound on his arm that opened shortly before the uprising. The uprising of Russian soldiers in the La Courtine camp in September 1917 was suppressed with the use of artillery, according to some reports, during the 3-day battles, about 600 soldiers from both sides were killed and wounded.

After the suppression of the uprising, the Russian units were disbanded, and Rodion, after treatment in the hospital, enrolled in Foreign Legion. In its composition, he served until August 1919 as a lower rank in the legendary Russian Legion of Honor, which was part of the 1st Moroccan Division. For heroism during the breakthrough of the German line of defense (the Hindenburg line) in September 1918, the French marked Malinovsky with a Military Cross with a silver star, and Kolchak's General Dmitry Shcherbachev, wanting to encourage the Russian fighters, presented him to be awarded the St. George Cross III degree. Thus, he was awarded two St. George's crosses, but Rodion did not know about the second award.

Most Russian soldiers in France dreamed of returning to Russia, and Rodion sought to get into the Red Army in order to fight the former "masters of life", as he called them. In August 1919, with a group of soldiers, Rodion, as part of a Russian sanitary detachment under the auspices of the American Red Cross, set off on a steamer from France to Vladivostok. They presumably got to Vladivostok only in October 1919, and there the group began to disintegrate. Together with his comrade, Rodion persuaded the commander of their detachment to issue them a pass to Verkhneudinsk. Comrade Rodion, being a native of a small village near Verkhneudinsk, agreed with his relative, and he helped Rodion get along railway to Omsk, which was packed with retreating Kolchak troops.

Further, Rodion Malinovsky made his way on his own: he moved to the left bank on the ice across the river. Irtysh and walked west parallel to the railway. Near Omsk, he was captured by a patrol of Red Army soldiers and at first he was almost shot - the Red Army soldiers of the 27th who detained him rifle division found French awards and books in French on him and considered him a spy. He hardly persuaded them to take him to the headquarters, where he was believed.

As part of this division of the Red Army, he took part in the Civil War on the eastern front against the troops of Admiral Kolchak. In 1920, he contracted typhus.

After the civil war, Malinovsky graduated from the school of junior command personnel, was appointed commander of a machine gun crew, then - head of a machine gun team, assistant commander and commander of a rifle battalion.

Rodion Malinovsky was a member of the CPSU (b) since 1926.

In 1927-1930 he studied at the MV Frunze Military Academy.

From May 1930 to January 1931 - Chief of Staff of the 67th Caucasian Cavalry Regiment of the 10th Cavalry Division of the North Caucasian Military District.

From January to February 1931 - assistant chief of the 1st (operational) department of the headquarters of the North Caucasian military district.

From February 15, 1931 to March 14, 1933 - assistant chief of the 3rd sector of the 1st department of the headquarters of the Belarusian military district.

From January 10, 1935 to June 19, 1936 - Chief of Staff of the 3rd Cavalry Corps. With the introduction of personal military ranks, he was awarded the rank of colonel.

From June 19, 1936 - assistant inspector of the cavalry of the Belarusian military district for the operational part. During the maneuvers of the troops of the Belarusian Military District in 1936, he was the chief of staff of the "Western" army.

In 1937-1938, Colonel Malinovsky was in Spain as a military adviser during the Spanish civil war(pseudonym "colonel (colonel) Malino"), where he developed military operations against the Francoists, for which he was awarded two Soviet orders.

Since 1939 - senior lecturer at the Military Academy named after M. V. Frunze. On June 4, 1940, he was promoted to the rank of major general. He prepared a Ph.D. thesis on the topic: “The Aragonese operation, March-April 1938”, but did not manage to defend it.

From March 1941 - commander of the 48th rifle corps in the Odessa military district.

Rodion Malinovsky during the Great Patriotic War:

He met the war in the position of commander of the 48th rifle corps of the Odessa Military District, located in the Moldavian city of Balti. At the beginning of the war, despite the retreat, Rodion Malinovsky managed to maintain the main forces of his corps and showed good commanding skills.

From August 1941 he commanded the 6th Army on the Southern and Southwestern fronts, and at the head of the army participated in the Donbass-Rostov defensive operation.

In December 1941 he was appointed commander of the Southern Front.

In January 1942, the Southern and Southwestern fronts pushed back the German front in the Kharkov region by 100 kilometers during the Barvenkovo-Lozovsky operation. However, in May 1942, in the same area, both of these fronts suffered a crushing defeat during the Kharkov operation. Then the enemy threw back the troops under the command of Malinovsky from Kharkov to the Don, during which Soviet troops suffered heavy losses.

In July 1942, Malinovsky was removed from the post of front commander and appointed with a demotion as commander of the 66th Army, operating north of Stalingrad. From October 1942 - Deputy Commander of the Voronezh Front.

From November 1942 - Commander of the 2nd Guards Army. In this post, he again proved himself with the best side: army troops advanced to the Rostov direction, when the strike force German general struck from the south in the direction of Stalingrad, having the task of breaking through the Soviet encirclement around the 6th Army of Friedrich Paulus. While the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, Colonel General, argued the need to involve Malinovsky's army in repelling a German attack, Malinovsky, on his own initiative, stopped the movement of the army and deployed it into battle formations. Initiative actions of Malinovsky and heroism personnel the army led by him played a big role in the victory in the Kotelnikov operation and, as a result, in the Battle of Stalingrad.

As a result, in February 1943, Stalin again returned Malinovsky to the post of commander of the troops of the Southern Front. In this post, he managed to free Rostov-on-Don.

From March 1943 he commanded the troops of the Southwestern Front, from October 1943 renamed the 3rd Ukrainian Front. In this post, independently and in cooperation with other fronts, from August 1943 to April 1944, he carried out the Donbass, Lower Dnieper, Zaporozhye, Nikopol-Krivoy Rog, Bereznegovato-Snigirevskaya, and Odessa offensive operations. As a result, Donbass and all of Southern Ukraine were liberated.

In April 1944, he happened to free his native city Odessa. In liberated Odessa, Malinovsky found Mikhail Alexandrovich, the husband of his aunt Elena, in whose family he lived in 1913-1914. Mikhail Alexandrovich hardly recognized in the army general Rodion, whom he sheltered before the 1st World War.

In May 1944, Malinovsky was transferred to the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, which, together with the 3rd Ukrainian Front (under the command of Fyodor Tolbukhin), continued the offensive in the southern direction, defeating the troops of the German Army Group South Ukraine during the Iasi-Chisinau strategic operations. After that, Romania withdrew from the alliance with Germany and declared war on the latter.

September 10, 1944, on presentation Semyon Timoshenko in the name of Stalin, Malinovsky was given military rank"Marshal of the Soviet Union".

In October 1944, Malinovsky inflicted a second severe defeat on the enemy in eastern Hungary during the Debrecen operation and reached the near approaches to Budapest. However, the extremely fierce battle for Budapest dragged on for almost five months. In its course, it was possible to first encircle and then destroy the almost 80,000-strong enemy grouping.

In the spring of 1945, in cooperation with the troops of Fyodor Tolbukhin, the front of Rodion Malinovsky successfully carried out the Vienna operation, essentially liquidating the German front in Austria and uniting with the Allied forces. For the complete defeat of the enemy troops in this operation, Malinovsky was awarded the highest Soviet commander's order "Victory". At the same time, the troops of the right wing of his front carried out the Banska Bystritsa offensive operation in March 1945.

After ending the Great Patriotic War in Austria and Czechoslovakia, Rodion Malinovsky was transferred to the Far East, where during the Soviet-Japanese war he took command of the Trans-Baikal Front, which, quite unexpectedly for the Japanese command, broke through the Gobi Desert into the central part of Manchuria, completing the encirclement and complete defeat Japanese troops. Malinovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for this operation.

After the war, Malinovsky continued to stay in the Far East for 11 years. Since September 1945, he commanded the troops of the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District.

Member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1946 until the end of his life.

Since 1947 he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Troops Far East. Since 1953 - Commander of the Far Eastern Military District.

Since 1952 - a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, since 1956 - a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

In March 1956, he became Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the USSR.

On October 26, 1957, he was appointed Minister of Defense of the USSR and remained in this position until his death.

At the October (1957) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, where the issue of Zhukov's "Bonapartism" and his withdrawal from the Central Committee of the CPSU was discussed, he criticized Zhukov.

According to unconfirmed reports, Marshal Malinovsky gave sanction to General Issa Pliev to use troops to suppress the protests of Novocherkassk workers in 1962.

As Minister of Defense of the USSR, Malinovsky, on the one hand, pursued a policy of building up military power, priority development of nuclear missile forces of strategic deterrence, on the other hand, following the directive of the party leadership, he carried out a massive reduction in the Armed Forces. He made a great contribution to strengthening the combat power of the USSR, to the strategic rearmament of the army.

In 1966, the marshal was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He was dying hard, with terrible pains, metastases had already penetrated into the bones, but the marshal went to the hospital only after the parade on November 7, 1966. He died on March 31, 1967 in Moscow. After cremation, the ashes were buried on April 3 near the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

Marshal Rodion Malinovsky

Personal life of Rodion Malinovsky:

Was married twice.

First wife- Larisa Nikolaevna, teacher French. I met her in Irkutsk. They married in August 1925.

In 1926, the couple had a son, Gennady (he died in 1930 from meningitis).

In 1929, a son, Robert, was born, later a doctor of technical sciences.

In 1934, a son, Eduard, was born, later a music teacher.

During the Great Patriotic War, after the capture of Ukraine by the Nazis, the mother took both sons from Kyiv, first to Moscow, and then to Irkutsk. In July 1945, on his way to a new duty station in Irkutsk, he took his family to his echelon, and the family was reunited after 4 years of war. But it was not possible to restore relations with his wife. And in 1946 Malinovsky divorced his first wife.

Second wife- Raisa Yakovlevna Galperina (maiden name - Kucherenko; after her first husband - Halperina; 1920-1997). He met her in the summer of 1942 when leaving the encirclement. Raisa was a volunteer of the army bath and laundry plant, drew attention to her when she correctly counted enemy tanks and distinguished herself in collecting intelligence. In 1943, Raisa was awarded the Order of the Red Star from the hands of the front commander Malinovsky. In 1944, Rodion Yakovlevich transferred Raisa to his front headquarters and appointed the head of the dining room of the Military Council. After the war they got married. From her first marriage she had a son Herman (born 1936).

In 1946, the couple had a daughter, Natalia, in Khabarovsk, later a Spanish philologist, keeper of her father's archive.

Malinovsky was the only major Soviet commander of the Great Patriotic War who was fluent in several European languages. He was especially fluent in French and Spanish.

He was fond of playing chess, composed chess problems published in magazines, and participated in solver competitions. He loved fishing and was fond of photography.

After returning from Khabarovsk to Moscow in 1956, he settled with his family in the house number 3 on the street. Granovsky (in apartment 95), where he lived until the end of his life.

Natalia Malinovskaya - daughter of Rodion Malinovsky

Career of Rodion Malinovsky:

Major General (June 4, 1940);
Lieutenant General (November 9, 1941);
Colonel General (February 12, 1943);
General of the Army (April 28, 1943);
Marshal of the Soviet Union (September 10, 1944)

Awards of Rodion Malinovsky:

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (September 8, 1945, November 22, 1958);
order "Victory" (No. 8 - April 26, 1945);
five orders of Lenin (July 17, 1937, November 6, 1941, February 21, 1945, September 8, 1945, November 22, 1948);
three orders of the Red Banner (October 22, 1937, November 3, 1944, November 15, 1950);
two orders of Suvorov, I degree (January 28, 1943, March 19, 1944);
Order of Kutuzov, I degree (September 17, 1943);
medal "For the defense of Stalingrad";
medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus";
medal "For the Defense of Odessa";
medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945";
anniversary medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945";
medal "For the capture of Budapest";
medal "For the Capture of Vienna";
medal "For the victory over Japan";
medal "XX years of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army";
medal "30 years Soviet army and Fleet";
medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR";
People's Hero of Yugoslavia (May 27, 1964) - for highly professional command of the troops and heroism shown in the fight against a common enemy, for services in the development and strengthening of friendly relations between the armed forces of the USSR and the armed forces;
Order of the Partisan Star, 1st class (SFRY, 1956);
Order of Sukhbaatar (MPR, 1961);
Order of the Red Banner of War (MPR, 1945);
Medal "25 Years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" (MPR, 1946);
Medal "For the victory over Japan" (MPR, 1946);
Order of the White Lion, 1st class (Czechoslovakia, 1945);
Order of the White Lion "For Victory", 1st class (Czechoslovakia, 1945);
Czechoslovak Military Cross 1939-1945 (Czechoslovakia, 1945);
Dukel Commemorative Medal (Czechoslovakia, 1959);
Medal "25th Anniversary of the Slovak National Uprising" (Czechoslovakia, 1965);
Order of the Legion of Honor of the degree of Commander-in-Chief (USA, 1946);
Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France, 1945);
Military Cross 1914-1918 (France, 1916);
Military Cross 1939-1945 (France, 1945);
Order "Protection of the Fatherland" 1, 2 and 3 degrees (Romania, 1950);
Medal "For the liberation from fascism" (Romania, 1950);
Order of Merit of the Hungarian Republic, 1st class (Hungary, 1947);
2 Orders of Merit for Hungary, 1st class (Hungary, 1950 and 1965);
Order of Hungarian Freedom (Hungary, 1946);
Order of the Star of Indonesia, 2nd class (Indonesia, 1963);
Order of the Star of Valor (Indonesia, 1962);
Medal "20 years of the Bulgarian People's Army" (NRB, 1964);
Order of the Shining Banner, 1st class (China) (PRC, 1946);
Medal of "Chinese-Soviet Friendship" (PRC, 1956);
Grand Ribbon of the Order of Military Merit (Morocco, 1965);
Order of the State Flag (DPRK), 1st class (1948);
Medal "40 Years of the Liberation of Korea" (DPRK, 1985, posthumously);
Medal "Brotherhood in Arms" 1st class (GDR, 1966);
Cross of Independence (Mexico, 1964)

Bibliography of Rodion Malinovsky:

1988 - Soldiers of Russia (an autobiographical novel dedicated to the fate of the expeditionary corps of the Russian army in France in 1916-1919).

The image of Marshal Rodion Malinovsky in the cinema:

1993 - Gray Wolves - in the role of Marshal Malinovsky, actor Yevgeny Bykadorov.

Malinovsky R.Ya. - Marshal of the Soviet Union

Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (November 23, 1898, Odessa - March 31, 1967, Moscow) - Soviet military leader and statesman. Commander of the Great Patriotic War, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944), from 1957 to 1967 - Minister of Defense of the USSR.

The Iasi-Kishinev operation and the liberation of Romania are associated with the name of Rodion Malinovsky. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, People's Hero of Yugoslavia.

Biography

Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky was born on November 23, 1898 in Odessa, a Ukrainian (some sources suggested that he belonged to the Karaites). Mother - Varvara Nikolaevna Malinovskaya, father unknown. Raised by mother. In 1911 he graduated from the parochial school. Then, having left the family, for several years he worked in agricultural work and in a haberdashery store in Odessa.

World War I and Civil War

In 1914, he persuaded the soldiers going to the front of the First World War to take him to the military echelon, after which he was enlisted as a carrier of cartridges in the machine gun team of the 256th Elisavetgrad Infantry Regiment of the 64th Infantry Division. In September 1915, he was seriously wounded near Smorgon (two fragments hit his back, one in his leg) and received his first military award - the St. George Cross of the 4th degree. In October 1915 - February 1916. was being treated in a hospital in Kazan. In 1916, as part of the Russian Expeditionary Force, he was sent to France, fought on the Western Front, on April 3, 1917, he was slightly wounded in the arm and received French awards - 2 military crosses. In September 1917, he took part in the uprising of Russian soldiers in the La Courtine camp, during which he was wounded. After treatment for 2 months (October-December 1917) he worked at quarries, and then signed a contract to serve in the Foreign Legion, where he fought until August 1919 as part of the 1st Moroccan Division.

Returning to Russia only in October 1919, Rodion Malinovsky was almost shot at first - the Red Army soldiers found books in French in his possession. Joined the Red Army, took part in the Civil War on Eastern Front against the troops of Admiral Kolchak as part of the 27th Infantry Division. In 1920, he contracted typhus.

Military career

After the civil war, Malinovsky graduated from the school of junior command personnel, was appointed commander of a machine-gun platoon, then - head of a machine-gun team, assistant commander and commander of a rifle battalion. After graduating from the Frunze Military Academy in 1930, Rodion Malinovsky became the chief of staff of a cavalry regiment, an officer of the headquarters of the North Caucasus and Belorussian military districts, and chief of staff of a cavalry corps.

In 1937-1938, Colonel Malinovsky was in Spain as a military adviser during the Spanish Civil War (pseudonym "General Malino"), where he was awarded two orders.

July 15, 1938 he was awarded the military rank of brigade commander. Since 1939 - a teacher at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

From March 1941 - commander of the 48th rifle corps in the Odessa military district.

The Great Patriotic War

From August 1941 he commanded the 6th Army, and in December 1941 he was appointed commander of the Southern Front.

In January 1942, the Southern and Southwestern fronts pushed back the German front in the Kharkov region by 100 kilometers during the Barvenkovo-Lozovskaya operation. However, in May 1942, in the same area, both of these fronts suffered a crushing defeat during the Kharkov operation. Then the enemy pushed back the troops under the command of Rodion Malinovsky from Kharkov to the Don, during which the Soviet troops suffered heavy losses.

In July 1942, Malinovsky was removed from the post of front commander and appointed with a demotion as commander of the 66th Army north of Stalingrad. From October 1942 - Deputy Commander of the Voronezh Front. From November 1942 - Commander of the 2nd Guards Army. In this post, he again showed himself from the best side: the army troops advanced to the Rostov direction, when the strike group of the German General Manstein struck from the south in the direction of Stalingrad, with the task of breaking through the Soviet encirclement ring around the 6th army of Friedrich Paulus. While the Soviet General Alexander Vasilevsky proved to I.V. Stalin the need to involve the army of Malinovsky in repelling the German attack, Malinovsky, on his own initiative, stopped the movement of the army and deployed it into battle formations. The initiative actions of Malinovsky and the heroism of the personnel of the army he led played a big role in the victory in the Kotelnikov operation and, as a result, in the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad.

As a result, Stalin again returned Malinovsky to the post of commander of the troops of the Southern Front in February 1943. In this post, he managed to free Rostov-on-Don. From March 1943 he commanded the troops of the Southwestern Front, from October 1943 renamed the 3rd Ukrainian Front. In this post, independently and in cooperation with other fronts, from August 1943 to April 1944, he carried out the Donbass, Lower Dnieper, Zaporozhye, Nikopol-Krivoy Rog, Bereznegovato-Snigirevskaya, and Odessa offensive operations. As a result, Donbass and all of Southern Ukraine were liberated. In April 1944, he happened to liberate his native city of Odessa. Awarded the rank of General of the Army (April 28, 1943).

On September 10, 1944, at the suggestion of Semyon Timoshenko to Stalin, Malinovsky was awarded the military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. In October 1944, Malinovsky inflicted a second severe defeat on the enemy in eastern Hungary during the Debrecen operation and reached the near approaches to Budapest. However, the extremely fierce battle for Budapest dragged on for almost five months. In its course, it was possible to first encircle and then destroy the almost 200,000-strong enemy grouping.

After ending the Great Patriotic War in Austria and Czechoslovakia, Rodion Malinovsky was transferred to the Far East, where during the Soviet-Japanese war he took command of the Trans-Baikal Front; the front, quite unexpectedly for the Japanese command, broke through the Gobi desert into the central part of Manchuria, completing the encirclement and complete defeat of the Japanese troops. Malinovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for this operation.

post-war period

USSR stamp 1973

After the war, Malinovsky continued to stay in the Far East for 11 years. Since September 1945, he commanded the troops of the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District.

Since 1947 he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Far East. Since 1953 - Commander of the Far Eastern Military District.

In March 1956, he became Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR Georgy Zhukov - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the USSR. After Zhukov's controversial resignation in October 1957, Malinovsky succeeded him as Minister of Defense of the USSR, remaining in that position until his death. He made a great contribution to strengthening the combat power of the USSR, to the strategic rearmament of the army.

Rodion Malinovsky died on March 31, 1967 after a serious illness, after death he was cremated, the ashes were placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

According to some sources, Marshal Malinovsky gave sanction to General Issa Pliev for the use of troops in the suppression of the protests of the workers of Novocherkassk in 1962.

Political life

Rodion Malinovsky was a member of the CPSU (b) since 1926. Since 1952 - a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, since 1956 - a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

Permanent deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1946 until the end of his life.

A family

Malinovsky had four children, three sons (Robert, Eduard and Herman) and a daughter, Natalya Malinovskaya, a Spanish philologist, keeper of her father's archive.

Interesting Facts

He was the Minister of Defense longer than anyone else in the USSR and Russia after the war; became the second head of the Soviet military department (after Frunze) to die in this position. A bronze bust of the marshal was erected in Odessa (at the intersection of Preobrazhenskaya, Sofievskaya and Nekrasov lane) and in Khabarovsk on the embankment of the Amur River.

Ranks

Awards

Awards of the Russian Empire

St. George's Cross, IV degree, No. 1273537 (September 1915) received at the beginning of the First World War for courage shown in the battles near Suwałki (now the territory of Poland).

In September 1918, he participated in breaking through the fortifications of the Hindenburg Line. It was in these battles that Corporal Malinovsky distinguished himself, for which he received the French award - the Military Cross with a silver star. This is evidenced by the order of the head of the Moroccan division, General Dogan, dated September 15, 1918, No. 181, reproduced in French and Russian in the order for the Russian base in Laval, No. 163, dated October 12, 1918. In it, about corporal Rodion Malinovsky, machine gunner of the 4th machine gun company of the 2nd regiment, it was said: “An excellent machine gunner. He especially distinguished himself during the attack on September 14, firing from a machine gun at a group of enemy soldiers who put up stubborn resistance. Ignoring the danger of the enemy’s destructive artillery fire ”*. [source not specified 245 days] However, few people still know that Rodion Malinovsky was also awarded for the same feat by the general of the White Army. Infantry General D. G. Shcherbachev, who was appointed on June 16, 1919 by Admiral Kolchak as his military representative to the allied governments and the allied high command and received the right to reward the Russian military who were outside Russia, ten days after his appointment convenes the St. George Duma "for consideration feats of Messrs. officers who fought in Russian units on the French front "and in order No. 7 of September 4, 1919 announces the awarding of 17 soldiers and officers of the Russian Legion with St. George awards" for their feats on the French front. Seventh on the list is Corporal Rodion Malinovsky, who was awarded the St. George Cross of the III degree. This is how this feat is described in the order of D. G. Shcherbachev: “In the battle on September 14, 1918, when breaking through the“ Hindenburg Line ”, by a personal example of courage, commanding a platoon of machine guns, he dragged people behind him, broke through in the gap between the enemy’s fortified nests , established himself there with machine guns, which contributed to decisive success in mastering the heavily fortified trench of the 3rd line, the “Hindenburg line” **. [source not specified 245 days] R. Ya. Malinovsky did not know about this award: at the moment issuing the order, he had already fought, like many of his fellow soldiers in the Russian Legion, after returning to his homeland in the Far East as part of the Red Army.

USSR awards

5 orders of Lenin (July 17, 1937, November 6, 1941, February 21, 1945, September 8, 1945, November 22, 1958)

Medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad"

Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"

Medal "For the Defense of Odessa"

Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"

Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"

Medal "For the Capture of Budapest"

Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"

Medal "For the victory over Japan"

Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"

Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy"

Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"

Foreign awards

Yugoslavia:

People's Hero of Yugoslavia (May 27, 1964) - for highly professional command of the troops and heroism shown in the fight against a common enemy, for services in the development and strengthening of friendly relations between the armed forces of the USSR and the armed forces of the SFRY.

Order of the Partisan Star, 1st class (1956)

Mongolia:

Order of Sukhbaatar (1961)

Order of the Red Banner of War (1945)

Medal "25 Years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" (1946)

Medal "For the victory over Japan" (1946)

Czechoslovakia:

Order of the White Lion 1st class (1945)

Order of the White Lion "For Victory", 1st class (1945)

Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 (1945)

Dukel Commemorative Medal (1959)

Medal "25 years of the Slovak National Uprising" (1965)

USA:

Order of the Legion of Honor of the degree of Commander-in-Chief (1946)

France:

Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor (1945)

Military Cross 1914-1918 (1916)

Military Cross 1939-1945 (1945)

Romania:

Order "Protection of the Motherland" 1, 2 and 3 degrees (all in 1950)

Medal "For the liberation from fascism" (1950)

Hungary:

Order of the Hungarian Republic, 1st class (1947)

2 Orders of Merit for Hungary, 1st class (1950 and 1965)

Order of Hungarian Freedom (1946)

Indonesia:

Order of the Star of Indonesia 2nd class (1963)

Order of the Star of Valor (1962)

Bulgaria:

Medal "20 years of the Bulgarian People's Army" (1964)

China:

Order of the Shining Banner, 1st class (China, 1946)

Medal "Sino-Soviet Friendship" (China, 1956)

Morocco:

Order of Military Merit 1st class (1965)

North Korea:

Order of the State Banner, 1st class (1948)

Medal "For the Liberation of Korea" (1946 [source not specified 657 days])

Medal "40 Years of the Liberation of Korea" (1985, posthumously)

GDR:

Medal "Brotherhood in Arms" 1st class (1966)

Mexico:

Cross of Independence (1964)

Compositions

"Soldiers of Russia" - M .: Military Publishing, 1969

"Angry whirlwinds of Spain." [Source not specified 245 days]

Memory

In memory of Marshal Malinovsky, streets were named in the cities: Moscow (Marshal Malinovsky Street), Khabarovsk, Kyiv, Odessa, Kharkov, Zaporozhye, Rostov-on-Don, Inkerman, Nikolaev, Dnepropetrovsk, Voronezh, Tambov, Tyumen, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk.

In Odessa, one of the districts of the city is also named after the marshal.

In Odessa, at the beginning of Preobrazhenskaya Street, a bust was erected.

In 1967, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, the name of Marshal Malinovsky was assigned to the Military Academy armored forces in Moscow (in 1998 it became part of the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation).

In Brno (Czech Republic) on the square named after Malinovsky (Malinovského náměstí) his bust is installed.

In Moldova, in the Ryshkansky district, there is the village of Malinovskoe, in Soviet time this village was called Stary Balan, in this village there is a museum during the Second World War from where Malinovsky commanded. [source not specified 245 days]

Interesting Facts

He was fond of playing chess, composed chess problems published in magazines, and participated in solver competitions.

There is a well-known anecdote about Malinovsky (possibly a true story): a certain colonel wrote to the Ministry of Defense a complaint that in winter colonels have the right to wear a hat, and in summer uniforms they are no different from other senior officers. The minister imposed an ironic resolution: Allow the petitioner to wear a hat in the summer.

He spoke French and Spanish.

Marshal Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich

malinovsky marshal war career

Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich was born on November 22, 1898 in the city of Odessa in a poor family. Illegitimate son of a peasant woman, father unknown. Rodion was brought up by his mother, after graduating from a parochial school in 1911, he left home and wandered and wandered for several years. Before the First World War, Rodion worked as an assistant in a haberdashery store, a clerk's apprentice, a handyman, and a farm laborer. In 1914, military echelons were sent to war from the Odessa-Tovarnaya station. He climbed into the car, hid, and the soldiers found the future marshal only on the way to the front. So Rodion Malinovsky became an ordinary machine-gun team of the 256th Infantry Regiment of the Elizavetradsky 64th Infantry Division - a carrier of cartridges in a machine-gun company. Fought in East Prussia and Poland. Many times repulsed the attacks of the German infantry and cavalry. In March 1915, for distinction in battles, Rodion Malinovsky received the first military award - the St. George Cross of the 4th degree and was promoted to corporal. And in October 1915, near Smorgon (Poland), Rodion was seriously wounded: during a grenade explosion, two fragments were stuck in the back near the spine, the third in the leg, then evacuated to the rear.

After recovery, he was enrolled in the 4th machine gun team of the 2nd Special Infantry Regiment, sent as part of the Russian Expeditionary Force to France, where he arrived in April 1916, fought on the Western Front. Rodion Malinovsky was appointed head of the machine gun. And again, as at the front in Russia - the repeated reflection of enemy attacks, the difficult life in the trenches. After the February Revolution in Russia, he was elected chairman of the company committee. In April 1917, in the battle for Fort Brimont, he received a bullet wound in left hand with bone fracture. After the uprising in the La Courtine camp, and treatment in the hospital in Bordeaux, he got to work in the quarry. In January 1918, he volunteered for the Foreign Legion of the 1st Moroccan Division of the French Army and until November 1918 fought the Germans on the French front. He was twice awarded the French military cross - "Croix de Ger" - the equivalent of a full St. George's bow. In November 1919 Malinovsky R.Ya. returned to Russia and joined the Red Army, participated in the Civil War as a platoon commander of the 27th Infantry Division on the Eastern Front against the troops of Admiral Kolchak.

After the end of the Civil War in December 1920, Malinovsky graduated from the junior command staff school. In the 1920s, Rodion Yakovlevich went from platoon commander to battalion commander. In 1926 he joined the CPSU(b). In the attestation characteristic for the battalion commander R.Ya. Malinovsky can read the following: "Possesses a strong and pronounced will and energy. Disciplined and decisive. With firmness and strictness towards subordinates, he skillfully combines a comradely approach. Close to the masses, sometimes even to the detriment of his official position. Politically developed well, not burdened by service. He is a military talent-nugget, thanks to perseverance and perseverance, he acquired the necessary knowledge in military affairs through self-training. In 1927-1930. studied at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. After graduation, he served as chief of staff of a cavalry regiment, held responsible positions in the headquarters of the North Caucasus and Belarusian military districts.

In 1935-1936. Malinovsky - Chief of Staff of the 3rd Cavalry Corps, commanded by G.K. Zhukov, then from 1936 he was an assistant inspector of the army cavalry of the inspection of the headquarters of the Belarusian military district. In 1937, Colonel Malinovsky R.Ya. was sent as a military adviser to Spain, participated in hostilities under the pseudonym Malino Rodion Yakovlevich, assisted the republican command in organizing and conducting hostilities, coordinating the actions of Soviet "volunteers". He was awarded with orders Lenin and the Red Banner. Malinovsky was not affected by repression in the Red Army, although in 1937-1938. materials were collected on him as a participant in the military-fascist conspiracy in the Red Army, but the case was not given a move. After returning from Spain in 1939, Malinovsky was appointed senior lecturer at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze, and in March 1941, Major General Malinovsky R.Ya. sent to the Odessa military district - the commander of the 48th rifle corps.

He met the war along with the corps on the border of the USSR along the river. Rod. Parts of the 48th Corps did not retreat from the state border for several days, fought heroically, but the forces were too unequal. Having retreated near Nikolaev, Malinovsky's troops were surrounded, but in a bloody struggle with superior enemy forces, he managed to escape from the trap. In August 1941, Lieutenant General Malinovsky was appointed commander of the 6th Army, and in December - commander of the Southern Front. In January 1942, the Southern and Southwestern fronts pushed back the German front in the Kharkov region by 100 kilometers, but already in May 1942, both Soviet fronts in the same region suffered a crushing defeat near Kharkov. In August 1942, to strengthen the defense in the Stalingrad direction, the 66th Army was created, reinforced with tank and artillery units. Malinovsky R.Ya was appointed its commander.

In September-October 1942, units of the army, in cooperation with the 24th and 1st Guards armies, went on the offensive north of Stalingrad. They managed to pin down a significant part of the forces of the 6th German Army and thereby weaken its strike group advancing directly on the city. In October 1942 Malinovsky R.Ya. was deputy commander of the Voronezh Front. From November 1942, he commanded the 2nd Guards Army, which in December, in cooperation with the 5th Shock and 51st Armies, stopped and then defeated the troops of Field Marshal Manstein's Army Group Don, who were trying to release the Paulus group surrounded near Stalingrad.

In February 1943, the Stavka appointed Malinovsky R.Ya. commander of the Southern, and since March Southwestern fronts. The troops of General Malinovsky liberated Rostov, Donbass and Right-Bank Ukraine, fighting with the German Army Group "A". Under his leadership, the Zaporozhye operation was prepared and successfully carried out from October 10 to October 14, 1943, during which the Soviet troops, by a sudden night assault with the participation of 200 tanks and self-propelled artillery mounts, captured an important Nazi defense center - Zaporozhye, which had a great influence on the defeat of the Melitopol grouping of German troops and contributed to the isolation of the Nazis in the Crimea, who were cut off from their main forces. Then battles unfolded for the further liberation of the Right-Bank Ukraine, where the 3rd Ukrainian Front, under the command of General Malinovsky R.Ya., had to act in close cooperation with the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, expanding the foothold in the area of the Dnieper bend. Then, in cooperation with the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front, the Nikopol-Krivoy Rog operation was successfully carried out. In the spring of 1944, the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian carried out the Bereznegovato-Snigirev and Odessa operations, crossing the Southern Bug River, liberated Nikolaev and Odessa, the homeland of the front commander.

In May 1944, Malinovsky was appointed commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. In the summer of the same year, his troops, together with the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, under the command of F.I. Tolbukhin, secretly from the German command prepared and successfully carried out the Iasi-Kishinev operation. Its goal was to defeat the enemy troops of the Army Group "Southern Ukraine", the liberation of Moldova and the withdrawal from the war of Romania, an ally Nazi Germany. This operation is recognized as one of the most brilliant during the Great Patriotic War and in the military biography of General of the Army R.Ya. Malinovsky - for her he received in September 1944 the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. Marshal Timoshenko S.K. wrote in 1944 to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union Comrade Stalin: “Today is the day of the defeat of the German-Romanian troops in Bessarabia and on the territory of Romania, west of the Prut River ... The main German Chisinau grouping is surrounded and destroyed. Observing the skillful leadership of the troops, ... I consider it my duty to ask your petition to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the military rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" to General of the Army Malinovsky." The Iasi-Chisinau operation was distinguished by its large scale, well-organized interaction of fronts, as well as various types of armed forces, stable and well-organized command and control. In addition, the collapse of the enemy defenses on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front changed the entire military-political situation in the Balkans.

In October 1944, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front under the command of Malinovsky successfully carried out the Debrecen operation, during which a serious defeat was inflicted on Army Group South. The enemy troops were driven out of Transylvania. The troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front took an advantageous position for the offensive on Budapest and assisted the 4th Ukrainian Front in overcoming the Carpathians and liberating Transcarpathian Ukraine. Following the Debrecen operation, the troops of the Malinovsky front, in cooperation with the 3rd Ukrainian Front, carried out the Budapest operation (October 1944 - February 1945), as a result of which the enemy grouping was liquidated and Budapest was liberated. The troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front fought on the outskirts of Budapest, and the troops of Malinovsky directly behind the city itself. Then the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, under the command of Marshal Malinovsky, together with the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, successfully carried out the Vienna operation (March-April 1945), during which they expelled the enemy from Western Hungary, liberated a significant part of Czechoslovakia, eastern regions Austria, and its capital - Vienna. The Vienna operation hastened the surrender of German troops in northern Italy.

After surrender Nazi Germany from July 1945 Malinovsky R.Ya. - Commander of the troops of the Trans-Baikal Front, which dealt the main blow in the Manchurian strategic operation, which ended in the complete defeat and surrender of almost a million Japanese Kwantung Army. During the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945 Malinovsky R.Ya. again proved himself as a talented commander. He accurately defined the tasks of all the armies of the front, boldly and unexpectedly for the enemy, decided to transfer the 6th Guards Tank Army across the Greater Khingan Range. The Japanese command was sure that cars and tanks would not be able to overcome the mountains and gorges. And therefore did not prepare defensive lines there. Japanese generals were shocked when they learned about the appearance of Soviet tanks from the Greater Khingan. fighting troops of the Trans-Baikal Front in this operation were distinguished by a skillful choice of the direction of the main attack, the bold use of tanks, a clear organization of interaction in the conduct of an offensive in separate disparate directions, and an exceptionally high rate of attack for that time. For the victory in the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945, Marshal Malinovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded the highest Soviet military order "Victory".

After the war, Malinovsky R.Ya. in 1945-1947 - Commander of the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District. Since 1947, commander-in-chief of the troops in the Far East. Marshal Malinovsky upon his appointment after the war as Commander-in-Chief of the Far East I.V. Stalin described as a person "cold-blooded, balanced, prudent, who makes mistakes less often than others." Since 1946, Malinovsky has been a permanent deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Since 1952, a candidate member, since 1956, a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1953-1956. commander of the troops of the Far Eastern Military District. From March 1956 he was First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR and Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces. October 26, 1957 Marshal Malinovsky R.Ya. became Minister of Defense of the USSR, replacing G.K. Zhukov in this post. At the October Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1957, where the question of the removal of G.K. Zhukov from the leadership of the country's armed forces, Malinovsky delivered a sharply accusatory and largely unfair speech against him. As Minister of Defense of the USSR, Malinovsky did a lot to strengthen the Armed Forces and improve the country's security. In 1964, he actively supported the participants " palace coup", who advocated the removal of Khrushchev N.S. from the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and his replacement by Brezhnev L.I. After that, until his death, he remained at the head of the Soviet armed forces and enjoyed significant influence in the leadership of the country.

Malinovsky spoke two languages: Spanish and French. Peru Rodion Yakovlevich owns books: "Soldiers of Russia", "Angry whirlwinds of Spain"; under his leadership, "Iasi-Chisinau" Cannes "", "Budapest - Vienna - Prague", "Final" and other works were written. He constantly cared about the education of military personnel: “We need the military intelligentsia like air now. Not just highly educated officers, but people who have mastered a high culture of mind and heart, a humanistic worldview.

Modern weapons of immense destructive power cannot be entrusted to a man who has only skillful, steady hands. What is needed is a sober head capable of foreseeing the consequences and a heart capable of feeling - that is, a powerful moral instinct. Here are the necessary and, I would like to think, sufficient conditions, "the marshal wrote in the 60s. Colleagues retained fond memories of Rodion Yakovlevich:" Our commander was a demanding, but very fair person. And in simple human communication he was very charming. Many people remember his smile. She did not appear often, she was never on duty and greatly changed his face - something childish, boyish, ingenuous appeared in him. Rodion Yakovlevich had a wonderful sense of humor - he felt like a real Odessa citizen. He was well aware that in a difficult situation, detente was necessary and he knew how to relieve tension with a joke, without affecting anyone's pride. "Malinovsky R.Ya. died on March 31, 1967. He was buried in Moscow in the Kremlin wall.