Scenario of an autumn themed evening for schoolchildren in grades 3-6.

Author: Victoria Alexandrovna Lutkovskaya, head of the branch, MUK "TsSDB Yaroslavl" children's library-branch No. 5, leisure center "Zhuravlik".

material will be helpful class teachers, librarians.
An event for students in grades 3-6.
It is aimed at updating knowledge about the holiday - the Day of Accord and Reconciliation, about the Great October Socialist Revolution, about the history of our country, and attraction to reading.

The scenario of the autumn themed evening for schoolchildren of grades 3-6 “Day of consent and reconciliation. One Hundred Years of the Great October Socialist Revolution.

Target: To arouse the interest of schoolchildren in literature on the history of the Fatherland, modern and classic art and children's works, telling about the events preceding the October Revolution, describing it, about the civil war, about the personality of Lenin. Development of a sense of patriotism.
Demo material: portrait of V.I. Lenin, an illustration or the flag of the USSR, if possible, a photo from family archives.
Decor: book exhibition "100 years of the Great October Socialist Revolution".
Stroke:
We welcome the children, divide into two teams. The facilitator's story is accompanied by a display of photo materials from books, questions and tasks that are evaluated by the facilitator. According to the results of the points scored, the participants from the teams will receive a reward.
We show a portrait of Lenin and the flag of the USSR.
Leading. We see the flag and the portrait.
The first question for one point for teams: who is this person, the flag of which state is in front of you? (Children: Lenin, USSR.)
Leading. The second question is: as a result of what events did this person lead our homeland, and the Russian Empire was renamed? (October Revolution, October revolution, the Great October Socialist Revolution).
Leading. Today we will talk about the events that took place in our country 100 years ago. Do you think it was a very long time ago? In fact, I and many people in your families have been in contact with survivors. There were many children among the eyewitnesses of the revolution. What they experienced will be the subject of our conversation.
Diary entries of children of those years have been preserved. You will hear some of them.
And the prehistory of the revolution is connected with one of the bloodiest wars, Russia was never able to win it.
Third question: What was the name of this war? (Children. World War I.)
Showing books from a book fair.
Leading. You can understand how children lived during these years if you read the following books: Brodskaya D. "Marikino Childhood", Brook M. "Family from Sosnovka", Vodovozova E. "The Story of a Childhood", Gorbovtsev M. "Mishkino Childhood" , Gorky M. “In people”, Grinchenko B. “Without bread”, Kassil L. “Conduit and Shvambrania”, Sapronova N. “When grandfathers were grandchildren”, Serafimovich A. “Black three”, Stanyukovich K. “Antoshka” .
We read aloud one or two pages from a book of the leader's choice.

Leading. But in February 1917, when most Russians got tired of the war after many defeats, life began to change rapidly and even children noticed it.
Here is what the unknown child eyewitnesses wrote.
We read out quotes from diary entries (with the spelling of the authors).
“The Russian people did not like Tsar Nicholas II and decided to remove him. The king fulfilled the desire of the people and abdicated. Having gained freedom, the people began to rob and kill each other.
“During the war, turmoil began in Moscow, one day, when I was walking with my grandmother and came home, I found out that the sovereign had been driven from the throne. When I sat down to drink tea, then suddenly we heard a noise outside our windows, I saw a large crowd of workers.
“As soon as the revolution began, I could not sit at home. And I was drawn to the street. All the people went to Red Square, where students made speeches near the Duma. Everyone was in a happy mood. Trucks were driving through the streets with soldiers carrying guns.”
“Soon a manifestation appeared, it was very large and grandiose. They carried red banners trimmed with gold lace. Every man or woman had a red bow. At that time, I was seized by a joyful feeling of love for everyone.
Leading. The fourth question: the records talk about the revolution, but we have already mentioned about the Great
The October Revolution, so what's the matter, why do children write about February, your versions ...
(Children. The February bourgeois-democratic revolution or the February coup.)
Leading. Its result was the coming to power of a provisional government instead of the king-emperor.
Children wrote about this: “On March 1, under the leadership of students, tsarism was overthrown, in its place a provisional government took over. But it soon brought Russia to the point of being impossible.”
“The people were divided into many parties, there were Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. The Mensheviks were the landlords and rich people, and the Bolsheviks were the people, the workers, and the artisans, and the peasants.
“Under the tsar, there was little bread, and now even less. In September they began to give out a quarter of a pound, and where they won’t give it at all.
Leading. Fifth question: how many grams are in one pound? (Children. About 456 gr.)
Leading. Calculate how much bread the boy got? (456 gr.: 4=114 gr.)
Leading. The people were seething with discontent, and the October Revolution took place.
They wrote in the diaries: “Once I was walking along Sukharev Square and saw barricades, I didn’t know what they were. When I got home, I asked my mother, but she didn't know either. In the evening, when I was sitting at home and doing my homework, we heard shots and then I learned that this was a revolution.
“I watched from the window through binoculars as they fired from a machine gun. All these days it was dangerous to leave the house, and we could not get bread, for four days we ate potatoes. At night, we slept without undressing, and dad and other men who live in our house were on duty with revolvers in turn in the yard.
“On Monday they continue to shoot, my mother stood at the window and looked at her stocking, and as soon as she moved away, the bullet hit our window, but did not fly into the room, but broke through the first glass and remained on the windowsill.”
“When a truce was announced, I ran to the center with two comrades to see what the Bolsheviks and the Junkers had won. We saw a lot of houses upholstered with large windows shattered to smithereens, and several houses were all burned down. Everywhere the people went safely and everyone talked about how the Moscow war was going on.
“The Bolshevik victims were not buried, but speeches were made and music was played, and the people marched with red banners and ribbons. I used to go to Red Square to watch how the grave was dug up and laid with boards. The people everywhere were arguing among themselves and some were cursing.
Leading. You can read more about the revolutionary events in the books from our exhibition. For example, Blyakhin P. “Red Devils”, Voskresenskaya Z. “Red Bow”, Gaidar A. “School”, Gaidar A. “The Tale of the Kibalchish Boy”.
If possible, read a couple of pages.
Leading. Thus: on November 7, 1917, the first socialist revolution in history took place - the Great October Revolution under the leadership of the Bolshevik Workers' Party. As a result, the Provisional Government of Russia was overthrown, and state power passed into the hands of the Soviets of Workers' Deputies. The dictatorship of the proletariat was established and the Soviet socialist state was created. The first Soviet government was headed by Lenin. The new government immediately adopted several very important laws. Then they were called decrees.
Exercise. Try to formulate the three main ones, knowing what people dreamed about at that time, and given that there was a war at that time, and for those who are attentive, drawings and photos from encyclopedias from our book exhibition will help. (Answer: Peace to the people, land to the peasants, power to the soviets.)
Leading. You see that when they came to power, the Bolsheviks announced laws-decrees: the Decree on Peace proclaimed Russia's withdrawal from the world war. All belligerent countries were asked to stop hostilities and conclude peace treaties. The second important decree of the Soviet government was the Decree on Land. Finally, the Russian peasants received the land taken from the landowners. Russia has always been a peasant country, so this decision of the new government aroused sympathy for it and support from a huge number of rural workers.
Other decrees provided for the transfer of power throughout Russia to the Soviets.
All peoples living on the lands of the former Russian Empire were granted equal rights and freedoms.
The rights of women and men were equalized.
The overwork of children in factories and factories was forbidden.
Instead of the Provisional Government from representatives of different parties, the Bolshevik government came to power - the first Soviet government, headed by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov - ...
The sixth question: name the second part of the leader's surname-pseudonym. (Answer: Lenin, if the children are prepared, then you can ask about the real name - Ulyanov).
Leading. Many books for Soviet children were written about him.
Books about Lenin's childhood were supposed to give children a model - an energetic, diligent boy, Volodya, who never forgot about his duty to the people. The adult Ilyich was the personification of the authorities in the form of a smiling kind man who saved Russia and loved children.
Such books should have been raised from children Soviet citizens, and sympathy for Lenin was to turn into devotion to the Soviet regime. Grandfather Lenin represented an ideal on the basis of which children could evaluate themselves and their parents, and if the result was not in favor of the family, then there was a counterbalance to their harmful influence.
Let's listen to one of the stories about Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (we read one of the stories of Z. Voskresenskaya).
We invite children to independently familiarize themselves with the literature from the exhibition. Summing up the results of the quiz and tasks, we reward the participants.
Leading. What did we talk about today? (Children. About the Great October Socialist Revolution.)
Let me remind you that in memory of the victims of all views, the Day of Consent and Reconciliation was established, we celebrate it on November 7th. This is the day of consent and reconciliation of people of different political views. Keep peace around you and in the country.
It's time to say goodbye, see you again in the library.

• 12 Things Every Couple Should Know About Marriage. It will definitely strengthen your relationship.

DatsoPic 2.0 2009 by Andrey Datso

The realities of life are such that from time to time those values ​​and socio-psychological guidelines change, which were fundamental earlier, in our childhood and youth, and now have become alien and completely unnecessary.

This is due to changes in the structure government controlled, the change of ruling elites and the nomenklatura, the replacement of one dominant ideology with another. At the same time, the forces that have come to power are trying to erase the symbols of their predecessors from memory and in no case allow them to be cultivated among adolescents and young people.

It seems quite recently - some twenty-something years ago - we lived in the Soviet state. It had its own symbols and value orientations which were inspired by the youth as fundamental and undoubted. They had to be followed and they had to be known. Remember your childhood: in every school there were portraits and busts of Lenin, in history textbooks whole chapters and paragraphs were devoted to him, in the lessons of the teacher we were often cited as an example of how Volodya studied well at school, how smart he was and that every Soviet student in without fail must imitate him in order to grow up as a real Soviet man. We knew very well his biography and the invaluable role he played in the history of our state.

But time has passed. changed political system countries, the ideology has changed, and with it the value, spiritual and historical landmarks. Soviet values ​​have lost their weight and statesmen, politicians of the Soviet era have become not only unimportant for today's youth - our children have very, to put it mildly, vague and contradictory ideas about them. But is it right? Do our children need to know about our country's past (whatever it may have been at certain stages)? Should modern children and teenagers know who Lenin was and who he was for our people and country?

Let's start with the most important. A people that does not know and does not remember its past, its history, does not have a normal future. In this matter, it is necessary to comply golden mean. And we need to take an example in this matter from our Western colleagues. Their history also preserves many of the most unpleasant moments, however, they do not forget a single milestone in their history and do not keep silent about any of their historical, state and politician. And the fact that after the collapse of the USSR the name and biography of Lenin were consigned to oblivion and denigration did not lead to anything good. Our children now have the most distorted knowledge of that era of our history, which makes them absolute ignoramuses and clowns in the eyes of others.

So should you tell your child about Lenin? Of course, yes. It is only necessary to observe the principle of the golden mean in this. It is not necessary to sing praises to him, just as it is not necessary to pour tubs of dirt and slops on him. One way or another, but this man played an important role in the history of our country and our people and will forever remain a part of them. All the same, the moment will come when the child will ask you: dad, mom, and who is Lenin? What did he do, and why are they talking about him like that? And here you will need to answer in such a way, so tell your child about Lenin, so that he does not feel lies and falsehood in your words - after all, children are very sensitive to lies and hypocrisy.

Build your story about Lenin as soberly as possible, without emotions and based solely on historical facts. Tell us what family he was born into, what path of youth he went through, how he came to politics and what was his actual activity as the leader of the Bolshevik Party and the leader of a vast country. At the same time, refrain from subjective assessments, both positive and negative. It will be nice if you yourself make an excursion to the monuments to Lenin or even to the Mausoleum. Understand that your child should know well that period in the history of his country and Lenin, as an iconic figure of this period. But the child must form his own opinion about this person, based on strict facts and personal impressions.

In general, it is very important for parents to understand and know that a child can always ask questions regarding delicate situations in the history of the country and people. And here, in order not to impose any subjective opinion and not to make a doll out of a person, you need to build your story exclusively on true facts without backing them up with your emotions. The child himself must develop in himself, on their basis, his clear and subjective opinion. Whether it be positive or negative, it doesn't matter. The main thing here is that it should be his personal, and not imposed by someone.

If in your family Soviet times good traditions and memories have been preserved, then, of course, you can give information in a positive way. Although the stick, anyway, should not be bent. But the refusal of a child to tell a story about Lenin may well lead to the fact that the child will begin to draw information from dubious sources and then turn into one of those who believe that Lenin was “the king of Russia and conquered the Crimea”, “ate small children and brought the Mongolian army to Moscow”, “was a rich banker and bought the revolution”, “together with Hitler attacked Russia”. Don't laugh, thousands of today's teenagers give such answers. This could cause laughter if it did not speak of the extremely low level of knowledge of modern children about the history of the country and its main characters. After all, this directly indicates that young people do not know their past, and therefore will not learn from it and will not be able to build a good future. And if a child does not know the history of his country from his youth, then who will grow out of him? What kind of full-fledged citizen of his country will he become?

Let's summarize all of the above. Of course, you need to tell your child about Lenin, who he was, what he did and what he is famous for. Give your child as much truthful information as possible without any unequivocal judgments and emotional assessments. It is helpful to show your child various documentaries on the subject, or even photos from family albums (if available). And remember that the child must know his history so that the child has a future.

: (came in a corporate mailing list, without acknowledging the source)

And he also pointed to the distance with his hand and said: “Go ... Go”

In some places - clean, I'm sorry, Kharms. Well, I can’t even believe about the nanny Arina Rodionovna. But reality (children's knowledge of history) is cooler than fiction ...

Children answer the question "Who is Lenin?"

Lenin is a mathematician, or a monument, near the store Dasha T., 1 "A" class.

I know it's the person's last name. They compose songs about Lenin. Masha Ch., 1 “A” class.

He has already died. He has a memorial. He was rolled into a mummy in 1924. Nastya S., 1 “A” class.

Lenin is a visionary. I don't know. Zarina M., 2 “A” class.

a) I think that Lenin is a mathematician. b) I know that all the metro was made by Lenin Sonya D., 2 “B” class.

Great conqueror. He overthrew many kings. Arina Ts., 2 “B” class.

Lenin is a cosmonaut. Alexander E., 2 “A” class.

I don't know who Lenin is. Pavel Z., 2 “A” class.

Lenin was the ruler of the USSR. As far as I know, he was tough. He had a stern look that everyone feared. But when he smiled, everyone was covered with terrible laughter. It was a strange ruler. Valya B., 4 “A” class.

He was the president of Leningrad. After Lenin's death, the city was named not Leningrad, but Petersburg. Kristina O., 4 “B” class.

Lenin was the president. He was not a very good person, because he took money from the rich and gave it to the poor, and in this case everyone turned out to be poor. He also made a revolution. Ulyana P., 4 “B” class.

1. He was the evil President of Russia 2. He lived in the mud for 87 years! 3. He rarely wrote! 4. He didn't love anyone but himself. 5. He also killed his loved ones. 6. An evil man who shot people. B.K., 4 “A” class.

1. Lenin was the President. 2. At the time of Lenin, communal apartments were built on Taganka. But now they have their own apartments there. Tanya A., 4 “A” class.

1. Lenin is a man who lived his life! By the way, in the USSR!!! Sasha P., 4 “A” class.

1. First person. Lenin can also be called a hero because he won the war. And now Lenin is just a corpse. And there was a ruler! Polina A., 4 “A” class.

1. Ruler of the USSR (former). 2. He was very strict and bloodthirsty. During World War II, he was the Generalisimo of the Russian Army. Dmitry V., 5 “A” class.

1. A bastard and a bastard (he is much worse than a bastard). 2. I know that he destroyed half of the Russian churches, killed those who believed in God and those who were against him. Varya V., 5 “A” class.

Lenin is, in my opinion, a two-faced person, at first he helped Moscow, and then he betrayed our homeland! My family doesn't treat him very well. Although his father - Herman - was a good man. Masha L., 5 "B" class.

I know that Lenin was a good man. He was poisoned. His body was preserved due to the fact that he was palsied. Nastya V., 5 “B” class.

Lenin is the man who made the revolution. He executed a lot of people. Someone killed him (like an aunt). And he also pointed into the distance with his hand and said: “Go ... Go.” Lisa R., 5th grade.

leader of the proletariat. The great tyrant who raised the Bolsheviks. Lenin is nobody for me. I consider him no better than Hitler and Stalin. People consider him a great leader, but I consider him a tyrant and a fool. Unsigned, 7th grade.

The only thing I know is that Lenin went to his dachas. He was accompanied by a woman (I don't remember his last name), and he rode a sleigh or horses. I heard that Lenin created a revolution. But I don't know if this is true or not. Alina B., 7 "A" class.

Lenin is a Russian ruler. Lived and ruled during the USSR. If I'm not mistaken, he was a member of the Komsomol. I just now realized how little I know about the people who shaped my homeland! Daria D., 7 "A" class.

Lenin - a famous person who invested in the development Soviet Union. Danila D., 7 "B" class.

He had a nanny - Arina Rodionovna. Varvara V., 8 “B” class.

Lenin founded the Bolshevik Party, fled from the tsarist authorities. He founded the Iskra newspaper abroad, rode an armadillo, was the general secretary, died in 1924, a poor man, just a good family man, was married to Krupskaya, rested in Gorki (village), lies in the Mausoleum. Kirill K., 9 “B” class.

Lenin is already dead. He died and appointed Stalin in his place. More details in the textbook for the 9th grade on history. Ilya K., 9 “A” class.

I am answering 2 questions in one. Lenin is a man! He is much more than a man. He is the only one who set the Russians and the peoples of the USSR on the right path. He led not only a military revolution, but also a spiritual one. He is on a par with Che Guevara breaking records for the sale of T-shirts. If now politicians are equal to Lenin, then our political system will become much more organized. Alexey P., 9 “A” class.

In general, I know little about Lenin as a person, mainly what he did as a “leader”. At least as a child, I was always told that Lenin was evil. Somehow this thought stuck in my head. I don't know if this is my opinion, or if I was taught this. Dasha Sh., 9 “B” class.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, present. surname Ulyanov - a great reformer. With the help of a revolution paid for (sponsored) by the Germans / fascists, he overthrew the monarchy. He was an atheist: he burned churches, executed priests. He was the leader of the Communist Party. But for all his stiffness and severity, all his life (practically) he was madly in love with a Polish woman named Armand. He also had a brother Sasha ... He wanted to kill the king, but was caught. Amina N., 10 “A” class.

The leader of the Bolshevik Party... The first leader of the USSR. He went into the revolutionary movement after the arrest and death of his brother. He graduated from the theological gymnasium with excellent marks. Died at 24. Katya S., 11th grade.

Children about Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Dear friend!

Today you are October. This is very honorable.

People look at you - October and remember the Great October - our revolution.

People look at your October star and remember Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, our leader.

People see in you a young Leninist, a future pioneer, a Komsomol member, a communist, a builder of communism.

Gain strength and knowledge. Study well. Love to work. Grow faster.

Congratulations!

Central Committee of the Komsomol

Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin

Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

There is a portrait hanging on the wall in the room. Vasya told his father:

Dad, tell me about him.

– Do you know who it is?

- I know. This is Lenin.

Yes, this is Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Our beloved, dear, our leader. Well, listen. I was young. Life was bad then for us workers. The work was hard. We worked from morning until late at night, and lived hand to mouth. Many of us worked at the factory. The owner of the plant was Danilov. He did not work. He did not bend his back, but he lived, oh, how richly!

Where did he get everything from? We worked for him. He paid us little for our work - to put it bluntly, he robbed us. Profited from our work. He had a factory, money, cars, but we had nothing but our working hands.

So I had to go to work with him. This was not only at the Danilov plant. So it was in all plants and factories.

In the village, the peasants also lived poorly. They had little land, and the landlords had a lot. The peasants worked for the landowners. The landowners lived richly, and the peasants lived poorly.

Landowners and capitalists were at one. At the same time with them was the most important, richest landowner - the king. He was master of all. He started such orders, which were good only for landowners and capitalists. And it was very difficult for the workers and peasants to live from these orders.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a friend, a comrade of the workers. He wanted to change everything. I wanted everyone who works to live well. Lenin fought for the workers' cause.

Lenin began to gather those who stood for the workers. There were more and more of them, the workers' party - the party of communists - became stronger and stronger.

The Party saw that nothing could be achieved without a struggle. The workers of all countries began to understand this as well.

The workers loved Lenin, but the landowners and capitalists hated him. The tsarist police arrested him, imprisoned him, exiled him to distant Siberia, they wanted to put him in prison forever. Lenin went abroad and from afar wrote to the workers what they should do. And then he came again and led the whole struggle.

In February 1917, the workers, together with the soldiers - then there was a war - drove out the tsar, and then, on November 7, 1917, they drove out both the landlords and the capitalists.

They took away their land, and then plants, factories and began to establish their own rules.

Not the tsar, not the landowners and capitalists, but the workers and peasants themselves began to discuss and decide their affairs in the Soviets.

It was new business for them. Lenin and his party led the workers along this difficult path and helped them to establish life in a new way. Lenin had to work hard. He had many worries. His health became bad, and in 1924 Vladimir Ilyich died.

We were very sad when Lenin died, but what he said we will never forget. We try to do everything as he advised. Work, life in a new way we are adjusting.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Dudin

The stars are blazing on the Kremlin.

Their light is hot and unchanging.

For all the people all over the earth

The word "Lenin" sounds hopeful.

When he comes to first grade

A simple freckled boy

He is the word for the first time

Reading in the very first book.

He will enter the world of labor and light,

And there is no brighter way.

He will be a Leninist - and this

The most beautiful thing on earth.

Maria Pavlovna Prilezhaeva

Lad Simbirsk flooded with larks. Ringing in the sky over the Volga. The Volga turned sharply near the city, carrying deep waters to the south. The ice has just cleared. Meadows and blue distances are visible from the high Simbirsk coast. A ship is sailing along the Volga.

« white steamer where are you sailing?" - "Far away, to the Caspian Sea."

Spring in Simbirsk. You can hear the sparrows chirping in unison.

All the streets and gardens are full of birdsong. In Karamzinsky Square, a rook with a large gray beak importantly walks along a black flower bed. The wind shakes the birch branches. Spring joy in the streets.

And in the house of the Ulyanovs there is joy. Ulyanov's house near the Volga. The sun shines hot through the windows. Boat whistles are heard.

Mom bent over the cradle. In the cradle of a son. Mom looks at him with thoughtful caress: “Who will you be? What fate awaits you?

The father entered. Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov - inspector of public schools in the Simbirsk province. He has an important job. Do teachers teach children well? Ilya Nikolaevich helps, advises teachers on how best to teach. He strives to have as many new public schools as possible in the Simbirsk province. He makes sure that there are plenty of books and textbooks for schoolchildren. Ilya Nikolaevich's work is very useful for the people!

- Mashenka! he called as he entered. - Good afternoon, Masha, dear!

Together with their father, the older children, Anyuta and Sasha, came to their mother. Dark-eyed, curly Anyuta is six years old. Sasha - four.

Full of curiosity, they approached the cradle.

- Children! - said Ilya Nikolaevich. - You have a brother. Love it.

- How small! Anyuta was surprised.

“He will grow up, he will be big,” his father answered.

- And what is his name? Sasha asked, rising on tiptoe to get a better look at his younger brother.

“Let’s call Volodya,” my mother answered.

- Well, let it be Vladimir, - agreed the father.

- Good! the children agreed. - We have a brother Volodya!

April 22, 1870 in the city of Simbirsk on the Volga was born new person, Vladimir Ulyanov, who will become after the great Lenin.

3rd Ivanovna Voskresenskaya

The most beautiful word on earth

This is the first word that a person utters, and it sounds equally tender in all languages ​​of the world.

Mom has the kindest and most affectionate hands, they can do everything. Mom has the most faithful and sensitive heart - love never goes out in it, it does not remain indifferent to anything.

And no matter how old you are - five or fifty - you always need a mother, her caress, her look. And the more your love for your mother, the more joyful and brighter life.

"Mommy!" - Vladimir Ilyich affectionately called his mother in childhood.

“Dear mother,” he addressed her in letters from prison, from exile, from emigration.

“Take care of our mother, do not leave her alone,” he reminded his sisters and brother.

The mother of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova, lived great life- eighty-one years old. She was not a member of an organization of revolutionaries, the tsarist gendarmes did not imprison her, did not drive her into exile. But she raised all her children as revolutionaries and herself became their faithful adherent. The children answered her big love, attention and care.

In Leningrad, at the Volkovo cemetery, on the grave of Maria Alexandrovna there are always fresh flowers. People bring them as a token of gratitude and deepest respect for the great feat of life of this wonderful Russian woman, who gave the world his genius - Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

At the end of February, Secret settled on the mezzanine in the Ulyanovs' house. He was restless: he banged with a hammer, rattled with a sewing machine, squealed like a saw, and grunted like a jigsaw.

As soon as the children in the dining room were left without their parents even for a minute, the Secret connected their heads and began to whisper mysteriously. With the appearance of mother, he disappeared, and the children sat down in their places with the most indifferent look.

Anya, Sasha, Volodya and Olya gave each other a word not to give out the Secret to dad and mom. But there were also Manyasha and Mitya. You can rely on Manyasha - she is two years old, and although Mitya is six, he could not come to terms with the fact that his mother should not know about the Secret. In the evening, Mitya could not stand it, went up to his mother and whispered:

“Mommy, we have a Secret. Do you want me to say?

No, I won't listen. A secret cannot be given away, it must be protected.

In the evenings, mother did not go upstairs to the children, so as not to run into the Secret. She was sitting in the dining room, knitting and smiling. When Anya asked permission to keep the money she earned for the lessons, her mother did not ask why she needed it. She did not even notice that the sewing machine had moved from the dining room to Anya's room. Papa sat in his office and, plugging his ears, worked so as not to hear the Secret knocking on the whole house. At dinner, the parents did not notice either the golden shavings tangled in Volodya's curls, or the strands of colored threads around Olya's neck, or Mitya's face smeared with paints. And for some reason, dad didn’t want to play chess with Sasha these evenings ...

Only the clock did not take into account anything. They didn't care about any secret. In the evening, they did not forget to ring nine times and remind the children that it was time for bed.

The sixth of March was approaching - my mother's birthday.

On the eve of this day, the Secret had to go down from the mezzanine, and mom and dad went to their friends.

Sasha and Volodya began waxing the painted floors and polishing their and their sisters' shoes. And the floors and shoes sparkled like mirrors. Anya and Olya starched, ironed their brothers' shirts and ribbons for themselves. Mitya was putting things in order in the toy boxes. Only Manyasha was sitting in the nursery, and so that she would not be bored, Olya let her play with her Secret. And when everything was ready and only a few minutes remained before the arrival of the parents, trouble broke out. Olya ran to Anya crying:

“Look what Manyasha has done. Where did she find scissors?

Anya gasped, and the sisters ran to the brothers for help. Volodya saw Olya's tear-stained face, took out a handkerchief from his pocket, and wiped her tears.

"Don't cry," he pleaded with his girlfriend. Sasha will think of something now.

Sasha did not know how to be upset and found a way out even now, when the Secret seemed to be irreparably crippled.

Sasha began to draw. Anya picked up the threads. Volodya threaded the needle. Olya dried her eyes and got to work. Now Olin Secret has become even more beautiful.

On the sixth of March, the Secret made my mother sleep longer than usual so that the children would leave for the gymnasium before she woke up.

The lessons that day dragged on for an unusually long time. But when they ended and Sasha and Volodya met with their sisters at the women's gymnasium to go home together, it seemed to all of them that the sun was shining quite like spring and the streets were sparkling in festive hoarfrost, and Volodya listened and found that the jackdaws were singing today, like starlings.

The house felt like a holiday.

Mom, in her best dress, sat with dad in the dining room and waited for the children. A cheerful noise came from above.

And here they are, six children, descend the stairs and enter the dining room in three pairs. Manyasha and Mitya are in front, followed by Olya and Volodya and Anya and Sasha. Everyone has their own Secret behind their back, which they will now reveal to their mother.

We entered the room and stopped. Six pairs of sparkling eyes look at their mother with admiration. She is so pretty today! She wears a blue dress with a white collar and hair as white as lace over a high forehead! Kind lips smile, and sunny sparks gleam in brown eyes. Dad in a dress coat stands behind mom's chair, shining, solemn. Anna stepped forward.

“Our dear mother,” she says in a clear voice. - We wish you a happy birthday. We wish you to always be healthy, always happy, always smiling.

Thank you, my dears, thank you! - Mom's voice breaks, tears sparkle in her eyes.

“Manyasha, go,” Anya whispers.

Manyasha runs to her mother, serving a tiny bun on a silver platter. She concocted it herself.

“Try it,” she suggests to her mother and quickly climbs onto her lap.

- Oh, how delicious! - Mom took a bite, and Manyasha stuffed the rest into her mouth.

Mitya, sticking out his lower lip, carries an envelope in his palms, painted with outlandish flowers and unknown animals. Mitya put all the brightest and most cheerful colors and all his skill into the drawing. And how carefully four words were drawn on the sheet: “Dear mommy. Congratulations! Mitya. Mom read aloud and handed the letter to dad:

- Look, what a wonderful congratulations!

And dad really liked Mitin's gift.

Olya put a little thought on her mother's lap. On the green cushion were embroidered wildflowers and in the middle a large red poppy.

- A very beautiful pillow, - my mother admired, - a real spring meadow. “Mom especially liked the poppy. - This petal seemed to be turned away by the wind, and the poppy is just like a living one.

Olya's heart was relieved: just under this petal was the ill-fated hole cut out by Manyasha.

Manyasha glanced at the pillow and buried herself with a guilty look on her mother's chest.

Volodya sighed. The pillow eclipsed all the gifts.

Will mom like his gift? He placed on the floor a small bright house with a round window.

- Mom, I'll attach this birdhouse to the elm tree near the kitchen. Starlings will settle in it and will sing songs to you. They'll be arriving soon.

- How lovely! Mom rejoiced. - As a child, I had exactly the same birdhouse in front of the window. Since then, I have been very fond of starlings. Thank you, Volodya!

Sasha unfolded a sheet of white paper and took out a board. No, it was once a plank, and the jigsaw and saw in Sasha's hands turned it into fine lace with beautiful teeth and intricately curved twigs and leaves.

“This is a plank for cutting bread,” my mother immediately understood. - I just missed it. But she is so beautiful that, really, it is a pity to cut bread on her. I will take great care of her.

Finally it was Anna's turn. She revealed her secret. A warm flannelette blouse, yellow as chicken down, was trimmed with a brown collar and cuffs. Anya bought the materiel with her first earnings.

She cut and sewed herself. Mom tried on a blouse and did not want to take it off. She really liked her. Somewhere a door slammed. Papa laughed.

“It was Mr. Secret who escaped. He has nothing to do here now.

And immediately it became noisy and fun. Six children sat down at the table. Maria Alexandrovna sat down by the samovar, Ilya Nikolaevich at the other end of the table.

- And I also have a gift - to all of us on the occasion of our mother's birthday.

Dad took out a large photograph from the envelope, in which the whole family was taken.

The children remembered how, on a blizzard winter day, dad took them all to be photographed, and how long they were seated there and told not to breathe and blink, and how Manyasha was frightened when the photographer covered himself with a black diaper.

And here is the finished photograph.

- It's good that we have a mother! Dad said. She takes care of all of us and loves us very much. Let's thank her for that. We love her dearly too.

Anna Ilyinichna Ulyanova

In the gymnasium

Volodya entered the gymnasium for nine and a half years, in the first grade. He was prepared for it for two winters - first by a teacher, and then by a teacher of the city school, the closest from us ...

He studied easily and willingly. And his abilities were good, and his father taught him, like his older brother and sister, to perseverance, to the exact and attentive execution of the given. The teachers said that it helped Volodya a lot that he always listened attentively to the explanations of the lesson in the classroom. With his excellent abilities, he usually memorized in class new lesson, and at home he only had to repeat it a little ...

Returning from the gymnasium, Volodya told his father about what happened in the lessons and how he answered. Since the same thing was usually repeated - good answers, good marks, then sometimes Volodya simply, quickly walking past his father’s study along the passage room through which his road went upstairs, quickly reported on the go: “From the Greek five, from German five.

This scene is so clear before my eyes: I am sitting in my father’s study and catching the satisfied smile exchanged between father and mother, following with my eyes a stocky figure in a gymnasium greatcoat, with reddish hair sticking out from under a uniform cap, deftly flashing past the door. The subjects changed, of course; sometimes it sounded: “From Latin five, from algebra five”, but the essence was the same: usually one mark was obtained - 5.

In those years, his father told his mother that everything was too easy for Volodya and he was afraid that he would not develop working capacity. We now know that these fears turned out to be unnecessary, that Volodya managed to develop in himself an exceptional ability to work.

But Volodya also loved to laugh. When his peers or in a family with younger ones (Oleya and Mitya) gathered, he was the groom of all games. And every day his laughter and inexhaustible supply of jokes and stories were heard.

Vera Vasilievna Kashkadamova, a city school teacher and a close friend of our family, tells in her memoirs what fun mood usually reigned with us when the whole family gathered for evening tea. “And louder than all,” she says, “the voices of Volodya and his second sister, Olya, sounded. So their sonorous voices and infectious laughter were heard. They talked about various incidents in the gymnasium, about various tricks, pranks. Father was also not averse to chatting with us and, leaving serious matters in the study, told about his school years, about various cases with his comrades, various jokes and anecdotes from school life. “Everyone is laughing, everyone is having fun. And it feels good in this friendly family,” writes Kashkadamova.

Some of Volodya's pranks remained in my memory. So, a cousin came to us, a female doctor. At that time, female doctors were rare. This cousin was one of the first. She sits in the hall and talks with her father and mother. At the door to the hall, laughter, whispering. Volodya runs in and briskly addresses the guest:

- Anyuta, I'm sick - treat me.

- Why are you sick? the young doctor asks condescendingly, seeing that the boy is naughty.

- I just can’t get enough to eat: no matter how much I eat, I’m still hungry.

- Well, go to the kitchen, cut off a slice of rye bread in the whole loaf, salt more abruptly and eat.

- I already tried - it does not help.

- Repeat this medicine, then it will probably help. Volodya can only retire.

Volodya also loved music. Mom showed him the initial exercises, gave him a few simple children's songs and little pieces to play, and he began to play very smartly and with expression. His mother later regretted that he abandoned music, for which he showed great ability.

In the old days, it was customary to release birds in the spring. Volodya loved this custom and asked his mother for money to buy a bird and then release it.

Little Volodya loved to catch birds, set traps for them with his comrades. In the cage he had somehow, I remember, repolov. I don’t know if he caught it, bought it or someone gave it to him, I only remember that Repolov didn’t live long, became bored, fluffed up and died. I don’t know why it happened: was Volodya guilty of forgetting to feed the bird, or not.

I only remember that someone reproached him for this, and I remember the serious, concentrated expression with which he looked at the dead repolov, and then said decisively: "I will never keep birds in a cage again."

And he didn't really hold them anymore.

He also ran to catch fish with rods on the Sviyaga (a river in Simbirsk), and one of his comrades tells about the following incident. One of the guys suggested that they fish in a large ditch filled with water nearby, saying that crucian carp are well caught there. They went, but, leaning over the water, Volodya fell into a ditch; the muddy bottom began to suck it in. “I don’t know what would have happened,” this comrade says, “if a worker from a factory on the river bank hadn’t come running to our cries and pulled Volodya out. After that, they didn’t let us run to Sviyaga.”

But, being engaged in catching fish and birds in childhood, Volodya did not become addicted to either one or the other, and in the senior classes of the gymnasium he did not fish and did not set traps for birds. And on the boat with Sasha, when he came from the university for the summer, he usually didn’t go, but his younger brother Mitya, who was very fond of accompanying Sasha on his trips along the Sviyaga in search of various worms and all kinds of water inhabitants, went. Sasha was engaged in natural sciences, while still a high school student, and at the university he entered the natural faculty and in the summer he was engaged in research, preparing material for his essays ...

Volodya had good relations with his comrades in the class: he explained what was incomprehensible, corrected translations or compositions, and sometimes helped his comrades who were at a loss to write them. He told me that he was interested in helping in such a way that his comrade would get a good mark and that it would not look like someone helped him write, especially so that it would not look like he, Volodya, helped. He explained to his comrades what was incomprehensible during the breaks, and, like his brother Sasha, sometimes came to the gymnasium half an hour earlier to translate a difficult passage for them from Greek or Latin or to explain a complex theorem. The whole class hoped for Volodya: going ahead, he helped others to learn .

Lenin was serving a link in the distant Siberian village of Shushenskoye. It was in those years when our party was being created. To collect the best people to the party, to create it, Vladimir Ilyich worked a lot in exile. He wrote articles about it. Articles had to be forwarded to comrades who were free and could publish them in an illegal newspaper. But how? – that was a painful question. Vladimir Ilyich thought for a long time how to trick the police and gendarmes, and finally came up with an idea. He decided to sew up the articles between the soles of his boots and send them to the old revolutionary Lidia Mikhailovna Knipovich, who lived in Astrakhan under police supervision.

Knipovich had several party nicknames: "Uncle", "Grandfathers", "Grandmother". She really was older than all of us. Vladimir Ilyich greatly respected her for her devotion to the cause, for her courage in solving the most risky party affairs. He knew that "Grandma" would guess to extract the articles from the felt boots and pass them on to his comrades, who would be able to print them.

Much later, Knipovich told me:

It was a hot spring day. The postman knocks on my door and hands me a parcel notice. "Who is it from?" - think. I pack up and go to the post office. I present the agenda. A few minutes later they take out the package. I take the parcel and see: it is from Minusinsk. The name of the sender is unknown to me. What kind of occasion? I come home, hurriedly open the parcel and take out worn, but still strong felt boots. I look inside and take out a letter written in a handwriting I don't recognize. Reading...

And Knipovich recounted Vladimir Ilyich's letter to me in her own words:

“Dear grandmother, we are very worried about your rheumatic disease. Doctors advise in this serious illness to always keep your feet warm. We know that you do not have warm shoes, and we are afraid that you will catch a cold. In Astrakhan it is always damp from the sea and fogs, and the weather is extremely changeable. Please wear felt boots and do not catch a cold. The boots are still good, warm, the soles are double. Here in Siberia we always wear them and are very satisfied. We, thank God, are alive and well, which we wish you with all our hearts. Nadia sends you her regards and greetings. He always remembers you, remembering you with a kind word. And I wish you all the best." And then a signature with a stroke that cannot be disassembled. I immediately guessed that this package was from Vladimir Ilyich. "But why boots?" I thought. Having carefully examined them, I decided to rip off the sole. I locked the room on a hook, moved to the farthest corner so that I could not be seen from the window, and began to carefully rip off the sole. I turn away the felt and suddenly I see a corner of white paper. I hurried and pulled out thin, finely written leaves. I recognized Vladimir Ilyich's handwriting. These were his articles and a letter to the editor of the newspaper. So that's why Ilyich sent me boots!

I hid the articles in a secret place under the floor. And she began to wear felt boots, explaining to the neighbors that the doctor ordered this so as not to chill her feet. I managed to forward the articles to safe hands ...

Alexey Alexandrovich Surkov

“After putting an end to the anxieties of underground life…”

Having done away with the anxieties of underground life,

Sharing the joy of victory with the rebels,

He arrived, as agreed, in Smolny,

To, in the name of the party, stand at the helm.

So he hurried up the steps.

Here he is, pushing his way through the crowd.

He is recognized by smiling happily,

They shake his hand, let him go forward.

Alexander Terentievich Kononov

The uprising began at night.

The night was black and ominous. The street lamps were not lit. On the Neva, the Bolshevik cruiser Aurora towered like a dark hulk. The lights on it were extinguished, and the muzzles of the guns were turned towards the Winter Palace.

In the darkness, distant shots were heard, motorcycles crackled, trucks rumbled along the pavement; soldiers and sailors stood on them with rifles.

Fires burned in the streets. The Red Guards warmed themselves by the fire, talking quietly, waiting for the order to advance.

Detachments of armed workers by this time had already occupied all the bridges across the Neva.

On one bridge stood a young Petrograd worker Andrei Krutov. Together with him, eight more fighters guarded the bridge - Red Guards and sailors. They were commanded by an old Bolshevik, whom everyone called Vasily Ivanovich.

Twice during the night the bridge was fired upon by the junkers, but the Red Guards drove them away with shots without leaving their place. It was possible to cross the bridge only with special passes.

But one person did not have a pass, and yet they let him through. When he came closer to the outpost, Vasily Ivanovich stepped up to him with a revolver in his hand and asked sternly:

- Your pass!

The man stopped and turned back the raised collar of his overcoat.

His cheek was tightly tied with a handkerchief.

He quietly said something to Vasily Ivanovich. He stepped aside and took it under his visor.

The man with the bandaged cheek walked quickly past Andrei onto the bridge and disappeared into the darkness.

And the head of the outpost returned to his place, stood next to Andrei.

He did not say a word and kept looking in the direction where the stranger had gone. There, across the river, from time to time shots rattled muffledly.

Finally Krutov could not stand it and asked:

“Well, did he show you the pass?” Vasily Ivanovich answered slowly:

- Not. He didn't have time to get it. He was hiding all the time... First in Finland, then here. And now it's going to Smolny.

“Just think: he walked past the enemy units here. He could have been… you understand, he could have been killed!

For the first time, Andrei heard that his commander spoke in such a voice.

He looked into Vassily Ivanovich's face and asked:

- Yes, who was it?

And the commander of the Red Guard outpost answered:

- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich

In the early days of October

The first days of the October Revolution. Petrograd is in turmoil. Everyone is waiting for something. Smolny is full of people...

Here, in Smolny, the main headquarters of the Bolsheviks was located: the Military Revolutionary Committee. Vladimir Ilyich was also there. He warmly greeted those who came, asked them about all the events of the day and, most of all, about what was happening there, at Winter Palace and on the way to it.

The news that Vladimir Ilyich was in Smolny quickly spread among the Bolsheviks. Many wanted to see him and came here. Strangers began to look into the room. Correspondents of various newspapers, including foreign ones, were especially eager to get into it. They obviously noticed that it was here that a lot of people were coming, that the leading center of the uprising was operating here.

It was necessary to introduce reliable protection.

In one of the rooms of the Smolny there were more than five hundred armed workers. These were the Red Guards. For protection, it was decided to select seventy-five of them.

A young, about thirty, handsome worker, with curls curly from under his hat, calmly gives a clear command:

- Line up!

Everything is in place instantly. Silence: no rustle, no sound. The sentries stood at the door. The commander reports that seventy-five people are needed, ready for anything, even for death.

The whole squad took a step and froze. The commander selected people, appointed the chief and two people to replace him.

“In which case…” he remarked gloomily and fell silent. Passes have now been prepared. Pass number 1 was issued to Vladimir Ilyich.

- What is it? Pass? What for? asked Vladimir Ilyich.

- Necessary. Just in case... Smolny's guards have already been set up. Please take a look...

Vladimir Ilyich looked out the door and saw a detachment standing in impeccable military formation.

- What good fellows! Nice to look at! he said admiringly.

Sentinels stood at the front door outside and inside the room. The chief immediately established contact with the central detachment.

The people kept coming and coming.

Vladimir Ilyich was very excited by the fact that the siege of the Winter Palace, in which the junkers guarding the Provisional Government were seated, was being dragged out.

The Pavlovsky Guards Regiment, which had joined the revolutionary troops, was ordered to occupy the streets adjacent to Zimny.

The regiment lay down near the palace itself.

The sailors arrived. They immediately, without stopping, quickly crossed Palace Square and occupied the approaches to Zimny ​​Square. The assault began. It went on for several hours.

Dragging the soldiers of the Pavlovsk Regiment and the Red Guards behind them, the sailors with a strong blow opened the huge doors of the palace and burst into the interior.

The cruiser Aurora moored on the Neva. He was given the order to turn the guns on the palace. The Peter and Paul Fortress received the same order.

The guns of the Aurora and the Peter and Paul Fortress announced the beginning of the assault.

The Red Guards, sailors and soldiers occupied the main points of the Winter Palace - stairs, passages and exits. That night, from October 25 to 26, the Winter Palace was taken by revolutionary troops. The provisional government was arrested and sent under guard to the Peter and Paul Fortress. Kerensky, dressed in a woman's dress, left the Winter Palace through a secret passage and fled in the car of the American embassy.

A scooter soldier hurries along the corridor with a quick military step, dressed in a black leather jacket and the same trousers. He has a travel bag over his shoulder, which he holds with his left hand.

- Where is the headquarters of the Military Revolutionary Committee? he turns to two Red Guards standing on watch by the door.

- And who do you want?

- Lenin! Delivery!..

The sentry turns around and says to his comrade:

- So a breeder is required ... a courier has arrived. Without a pass ... To the headquarters. Requires Lenin.

The breeder came out. He asked where and from whom the courier came from.

- From the Winter Palace ... From the commander-in-chief Podvoisky.

- Delivery! - says the scooter, entering the door of the next room. - Lenin is required.

Vladimir Ilyich is suitable:

- What do you say, comrade?

Are you Lenin?

The scooter looks at Vladimir Ilyich with curiosity; his eyes sparkle with joy. He quickly unfastens the flap of the bag, takes out a sheet of paper, carefully gives it to Vladimir Ilyich, takes it under his visor and briefly reports:

- Delivery!

“Thank you, comrade,” says Vladimir Ilyich, holding out his hand.

He is embarrassed and shakes hands with Vladimir Ilyich with both hands. He smiles, again takes it under his visor, sharply, in a military way, turns around and walks away with a brisk step.

On the way, he puts a piece of paper into his bag, on which Vladimir Ilyich signed.

“The Winter Palace has been taken, the Provisional Government has been arrested, Kerensky has fled!” - Vladimir Ilyich quickly reads the report aloud.

And just finished reading, as there was a "cheer", powerfully picked up by the Red Guards in the next room.

- Hooray! - was carried everywhere.

At four in the morning we, tired but excited, began to disperse from Smolny. I invited Vladimir Ilyich to come and spend the night with me. Calling in advance to Rozhdestvensky district, I instructed the combat squad to check the streets with reconnaissance.

We left Smolny. The city was not lit. We got into the car and drove to my house.

Vladimir Ilyich was apparently very tired and was dozing in the car. We ate something. I tried to provide everything for the rest of Vladimir Ilyich. I barely managed to persuade him to take my bed in a separate small room, where he had a desk, paper, ink and a library at his disposal. Vladimir Ilyich agreed, and we parted ways.

I lay down on the sofa in the adjoining room and decided to fall asleep only when I was quite sure that Vladimir Ilyich was already asleep.

For greater security, I locked the front doors with all chains, hooks and locks, put my revolvers on alert, thinking that they could break in, arrest, kill Vladimir Ilyich - everything can be expected!

Just in case, I immediately wrote down on a separate piece of paper all the telephone numbers of my comrades, Smolny, district workers' committees and trade unions known to me. “So as not to forget in a hurry,” I thought.

Vladimir Ilyich had already switched off the electricity in his room. I listen: is he sleeping? I can not hear anything. I begin to doze, and just as I was about to fall asleep, suddenly a light flashed at Vladimir Ilyich's.

I got worried. I hear how he almost silently got out of bed, quietly opened the door to me and, making sure that I was “sleeping”, with quiet steps, on tiptoe, so as not to wake anyone, went to the desk. He sat down at the table, opened the inkwell and went deep into work, laying out some papers! I could see all this through the open door.

Vladimir Ilyich wrote, crossed out, read, made notes, wrote again, and finally, apparently, began to rewrite completely.

It was already dawn, a late Petrograd autumn morning was beginning to turn grey, when Vladimir Ilyich put out the fire, got into bed and fell asleep. I forgot too.

In the morning I asked everyone at home to keep quiet, explaining that Vladimir Ilyich had been working all night and was undoubtedly extremely tired.

Suddenly the door opened, and he left the room, dressed, energetic, fresh, cheerful, joyful, playful.

“Happy first day of the socialist revolution,” he congratulated everyone.

There was no sign of weariness on his face, as if he had had a great night's sleep, but in fact he slept for two or three hours at the most after a tense twenty-hour day at work.

Comrades came up. When everyone had gathered to drink tea and Nadezhda Konstantinovna, who had spent the night with us, came out, Vladimir Ilyich took the copied sheets out of his pocket and read to us his famous Decree on Land, on which he had been working on these decisive days.

Soon we moved to Smolny on foot, and then boarded a tram. Vladimir Ilyich beamed at the exemplary order in the streets.

In the evening, at the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, after the adoption of the Decree on Peace, Vladimir Ilyich read aloud with particular clarity the Decree on Land, with enthusiasm, unanimously adopted by the congress.

Mikhail Arkadyevich Svetlov

native name

Lenin's name again and again

Repeats great people.

And as the closest word

The name of Lenin lives in the heart.

We will not get tired of work!

And there is no stronger than our Motherland,

If the parties with warm breath

Each feat of the people is warmed.

Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich

Soviet coat of arms

Everything was created anew in our country. And the state emblem also needed a new one, which had never existed in the history of peoples - the emblem of the world's first state of workers and peasants.

At the beginning of 1918, they brought me a drawing of the coat of arms, and I immediately carried it to Vladimir Ilyich.

Vladimir Ilyich at that time was in his office and was talking with Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky and a whole group of comrades. I put the drawing on the table in front of Lenin.

- What is this - a coat of arms? .. Interesting to see! And he, leaning over the table, began to look at the drawing.

Everyone surrounded Vladimir Ilyich and looked at the design of the coat of arms with him.

Rays shone on a red background rising sun, framed by sheaves of wheat, a sickle and a hammer crossed inside, and a sword was directed from the baldric of the sheaves up to the sun's rays.

“Interesting!” said Vladimir Ilyich. – I have an idea, but why the sword? And he looked at all of us. We are fighting, we are fighting and will continue to fight until we consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat and until we expel both the White Guards and the interventionists from our country. But violence cannot rule in our country. Conquest policy is alien to us. We do not attack, but fight off enemies, our war is defensive, and the sword is not our emblem. We must hold it firmly in our hands in order to defend our proletarian state as long as we have enemies, as long as we are attacked, as long as we are threatened, but this does not mean that it will always be so ... When the brotherhood of peoples is proclaimed and implemented in all over the world, we will not need a sword ... We must remove the sword from the emblem of our socialist state ... - And Vladimir Ilyich crossed out the sword in the drawing with a finely sharpened pencil. “The rest of the coat of arms is good. Let's approve the draft, and then we'll see it and discuss it again in the Council of People's Commissars. It needs to be done quickly...

And he put his signature on the picture.

I handed over the design of the coat of arms to the artist Andreev, who was in Lenin's office. At that time he was sculpting Vladimir Ilyich, sitting quietly on the sofa. Andreev redrawn the coat of arms, made everything somehow more embossed, more expressive and, of course, removed the sword.

This project of the coat of arms of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, corrected according to the comments of Vladimir Ilyich, and was approved on July 19, 1918.

The coat of arms of the Soviet Union also has a sickle, a hammer, and golden sheaves in the rays of the rising sun. Under these happy symbols of peace and labor the Soviet people live, with them they go to communism.

On a subbotnik

The first of May - the day of militant international proletarian solidarity - in 1920 in our country was declared a day All-Russian Subbotnik. On this day, they worked everywhere.

At that time I was a cadet of the First Kremlin machine-gun courses. In the Kremlin, in addition to us, the cadets, employees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars worked on the subbotnik.

... Our group had to work on Ivanovskaya Square, near the monument to Alexander II; Vladimir Ilyich also worked here. At first, Lenin worked with the course commissar Borisov, then the cadet Permyakov became his partner. They carried five-six-meter logs. The cadet, knowing the state of health and age of Lenin, tried to take the thickened end of the log. Ilyich quickly noticed this and began to get ahead of the cadet. Then the cadet said to Vladimir Ilyich:

- Why are you doing this? After all, I am younger than you, and for me this burden of great work is not.

Lenin, smiling, answered the cadet:

So don't argue with me if I'm older.

When the logs were moved, they began to wear huge oak ridges. They were carried on sticks by six people. This time I was fortunate enough to work several times in the same group with Lenin. Why several times and not all the time? Yes, because everyone wanted to work with Ilyich, and almost after every smoke break the cadets changed.

When we wore oak chains, sweat poured from everyone: the chains were very heavy, and the day was hot. However, Vladimir Ilyich always tried to be ahead and take what is harder. We could not look at it with indifference, but he did not want to listen to our persuasion. Then one of our group approached Lenin and said:

- Vladimir Ilyich, why are you doing this? Better go to the Council of People's Commissars. After all, they are probably waiting for you there, but here we can manage without you.

Vladimir Ilyich was greatly offended. He walked back and forth several times, then approached this comrade, took him by the shoulders, laughed out loud and said:

- In vain you, my friend, are escorting me out. Nothing will come of it anyway: I won't leave. Now this work is the most important.

It was very easy and good to work with Vladimir Ilyich. He was very attentive and asked each of us:

- Aren't you tired, comrade?

Ilyich joked a lot and laughed contagiously. Our timidity and shyness, which appeared at the beginning, disappeared. We felt completely at ease with him.

Once, during the rest, everyone sat on a log. Vladimir Ilyich also sat down with us. We smoked. Ilyich looked at us and said:

- Well, what do you find good in this smoke? After all, tobacco is a poison. It destroys your health.

And we in turn asked him:

“Have you ever smoked, Vladimir Ilyich?”

- Yes, in youth once lit a cigarette, but quit and never did it again.

Vladimir Ilyich left work before the end of the subbotnik, as they came for him and told him that it was time to go to the laying of the monument to Karl Marx. Leaving, Ilyich said goodbye to us, wished us to successfully complete the work.

This is how Lenin worked on that historic day, setting a personal example of discipline, diligence, and true camaraderie.

Alexander Terentievich Kononov

Trip to Cashino

In 1920, the inhabitants of the village of Kashino built an electric station. Then it was a very difficult matter: there were no most necessary materials; a nail and that became a rarity in the village.

And at such a time, the Kashinsky peasants themselves, on their own, of their own free will, began to build an electric station. With great difficulty they got several coils of telephone wire. It was very thick, twisted from wire. They spread it on the ground and began to spin it with tongs, tongs, and simply with their bare hands. Unwound - it turned out a lot of wire.

Logs were brought from the forest, sawn into poles, and smoothly planed. Now I had to get electric car- dynamo.

If in those days it was not easy to buy a nail, then how hard it was to get a dynamo!

Kashinsky peasants went to Moscow. And wherever they came, they started the conversation with the fact that Lenin had a plan - to conduct electricity throughout the country; they, therefore, are acting according to this Leninist plan.

And although not immediately, the people of Kashin achieved their goal: they got a dynamo.

They brought her to Kashino and placed her in a large shed.

Poles were placed all over the street, wire was stretched, and an electric bulb was given to each hut.

When everything was ready, they sent a letter to Lenin - they invited him to the opening of the power plant.

The letter was sent, but it was hard to believe: where is Lenin to come, he has no time ...

Still, they began to prepare. In the largest hut they put a long table, benches, and everything that was superfluous - chests, beds - was taken out. They boiled, baked, as much as they could, treats.

The peasants no longer knew whether to wait for Lenin.

And suddenly a car appeared on the road.

The kids were the first to run. The car stopped. Vladimir Ilyich and Nadezhda Konstantinovna sat in it.

Vladimir Ilyich asked the guys:

- Where is your power plant? The guys were happy:

- Drive, then we'll show you.

Lenin put the guys in the car, let's go.

Peasants met him at a large hut.

A conversation began in the hut.

Lenin spoke about the victory of the Red Army over the Whites, congratulated the peasants on this victory.

The peasants began to tell him about their affairs.

Lenin listened with interest. When the narrator fell silent, Vladimir Ilyich encouraged him:

Lenin had a wonderful memory: he immediately remembered who was called, and then he called the old peasants by their first name and patronymic: Alexei Andreevich, Vasilisa Pavlovna. The old people liked it very much.

The conversation turned out to be so interesting both for Lenin and for the peasants that no one noticed - the day was already ending. Worried only one person - the photographer. He had come to take pictures of Vladimir Ilyich together with the peasants, and now he was thinking anxiously: it would be evening soon, the picture would probably not come out - there was not enough light. Finally he made up his mind:

- Vladimir Ilyich, the peasants would like to take pictures with you.

“Ah… well, well,” Lenin replied. And he continued to talk.

Another ten minutes passed. It was getting dark outside the window. The photographer said with desperation:

In a few minutes it will be too late to shoot!

Vladimir Ilyich looked at him. I did not want to shoot, but Lenin respected the work of others: the photographer came from the city, he spent time. And Lenin said:

- Well, go to the yard, get ready. Nadezhda Konstantinovna and I will leave now.

The photographer ran with the camera outside, began to install it. Woe was to him with the guys: they swooped in from all sides, they strive to sit down in front of the apparatus itself.

Vladimir Ilyich and Nadezhda Konstantinovna also left the hut. The photographer seated them in the middle, and around him began to seat the peasants. But even here the guys intervened: they turned under their feet, huddled closer to Vladimir Ilyich. The photographer was angry: everyone must be quiet, otherwise the picture will be spoiled.

Vladimir Ilyich also began to persuade the guys - he showed them to the apparatus:

- You look into that little black hole.

The guys began to look into the hole of the apparatus. The photographer threw a long black scarf over his head and froze like that. Lenin told him:

- Don't freeze my guys. Laughed all around.

- Nothing, they are healthy with us, they will survive.

The guys stirred again: the conversation about them turned. Here the photographer could not stand it and shouted:

- Attention!

Lenin smiled and so, smiling, went to the photograph ...

Then the rally started. In the middle of the square stood a tall pole, on which hung a new electric lantern; it has never been lit. The pillar was entwined with spruce branches and red ribbons. There was a table under the lantern.

And peasants gathered around not only from the village of Kashino, but also from other villages and villages. Many have come here from afar.

Lenin went to the table and began to speak:

– Your village of Kashino starts up an electric station. Great job! But this is only the beginning. Our task is to ensure that our entire republic is flooded with electric light...

When Lenin finished his speech, the string orchestra played the Internationale. And at the same moment in the shed where the dynamo stood, the fitter turned on the current.

An electric lantern flashed on the square, lights in the huts lit up at once.

Previously, the peasants of Kashin used to burn small smoke lamps; they burned barely, dimly, with a greenish light. And now someone said, looking at the bright electric light:

“That’s how Ilyich’s light went on… Lenin began to say goodbye to the peasants. I said goodbye and went to the car. It was completely dark, the cold November wind was blowing in my face.

When we had already driven far away, Vladimir Ilyich looked round. Behind, among the dark fields, the windows of Kashin's huts shone brightly.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky

Lenin and the stove-maker

Anyone in Gorki knew him,

The old people called to the meeting,

Children - simply, in a crowd,

A little envious, surrounded.

He was sick.

For a walk daily.

Whoever you meet, love

Say hello sincerely.

A mile away - how to walk -

Anyone could recognize him.

Only case with the stove

Came out like this once.

Target:

Download:

Preview:

Children about the revolution of 1917.

Target: to acquaint children with the events of October 1917.

November 7... The day that our grandparents, mothers and fathers have been celebrating for decades as a big holiday. Military parade and demonstration, flags and balloons, festive tables with delicious dishes. Now is a different time, different heroes. They don't remember Lenin. Maybe it's good that children don't know anything? But silence is the same lie. And what if you tell them a true story about that day?

Once upon a time, Russia was a huge country, not just a country, but an empire, because it united the lands not only modern Russia, but also Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Poland, Finland and many other countries. And, although it was called Russia, there were very, very many peoples living in it, except for the Russian - not dozens, but hundreds!

And the tsar ruled this country, because for a long time there was a state system in it - autocracy, when all power was in the hands of one person - the tsar, the autocrat.

So, not everyone in this country lived equally well. There were nobles who lived in luxury in palaces, drank and ate on gold, had fun at balls, hunted and had fun for their own pleasure ... and there were poor peasants, artisans, workers who had to work hard to somehow feed their large families.

And there have always been in Russia thinking educated people who considered this state of affairs unfair and wanted the people to live better; so that all children can study in schools, and not only the children of nobles and landowners; to make the working day a little shorter - not 14 hours, but 8 or 10; so that all citizens of Russia have equal rights.

People who wanted to give the people equality were called revolutionaries. At first, back in the 19th century, they were Decembrist nobles, then raznochintsy-Narodnaya Volya, who even tried to kill the tsar.

And then, more than a hundred years ago, many different revolutionaries appeared - both those who created educational circles for workers, and terrorists who threw bombs, and those who fought for the happiness of the oppressed peoples, or - the peasants of the whole country. There were few revolutionaries, they were often exiled to Siberia, to hard labor, or to prison, or hanged.

Assassination attempt on the king.

So, Alexander Ulyanov died on the gallows, a young talented guy who believed that if the “bad” tsar was killed, the life of the people would become better. “No, we will go the other way,” said his younger brother, student Volodya Ulyanov.

He went the other way. His party of revolutionaries was small but tough. If the leadership decides, everyone must obey. For the sake of the party and the victory of the revolution, it was possible to rob banks, kill gendarmes and traitors, and much more. The bright future after the victory of the revolution, this party called communism, and the people who fight for it - communists, or Bolsheviks. Many of its leaders before the revolution lived abroad, many served time in exile.

Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) in October 1917

Vladimir Ulyanov, who became the head of this party, was called by his comrades by a special conspiratorial name - Lenin.

It seems to be a good intention - to make sure that everyone lives equally well, there were neither rich nor poor, all children studied and chose their specialty - according to their abilities and at will?

But, unfortunately, everything turned out differently.

The Bolsheviks were lucky: in 1914 the First World War. It lasted a long time (until the 18th year). Soldiers died in the trenches, the discontent of the people grew. Not only the people were dissatisfied, but also the rich, and the military, and students, and ... almost everyone was dissatisfied with something. And no matter how the government changed, it didn't get better. The tsar abdicated, and the Provisional Government began to rule. The revolutionaries could return to the country, many bans were lifted, but there was no improvement! Bread became more expensive, soldiers fled from the front and did not want to die in the war "for the capitalists", the peasants wanted to own the land - by working on it, they hoped to pay their debts and not starve anymore.

Sailors of the Revolution

All over the country, decisions were openly made by the Soviets - people's self-government. Soldiers who did not want to go to the front remained in the cities, with weapons in their hands. The Bolsheviks were preparing an armed uprising, and on October 25, and according to the new calendar - November 7, they captured the railway stations and power plant, telephone, telegraph, bridges and banks of the city of Petrograd. The government in the Winter Palace was arrested.

In order to build communism for themselves or their children with their own hands, millions of people followed the Bolsheviks - to fight, build, kill those who disagree.

On November 7 (October 25, old style), 1917, an armed uprising took place in Petrograd, which ended with the capture of the Winter Palace, the arrest of members of the Provisional Government and the proclamation of the power of the Soviets, which existed in our country for more than seventy years.

Later, the Bolsheviks arrested the tsar and the entire royal family, and then they were all taken away and killed - even children who had done nothing wrong to anyone. Villainous act.

Then it started Civil War: the young nobles and the military did not want to give their country into the hands of illiterate robbers - they began to fight for it. That is, citizens of one country began to kill each other - that is why such a war is called civil, and it is also called fratricidal. Because sometimes members of the same family, brothers found themselves on opposite sides of the barricades and had to shoot at each other. A lot of people died in the war of beliefs.

After two wars - the First World War and the Civil War - the country was devastated. Poverty, ruin, hunger. And then the Bolsheviks began the so-called "dispossession of the landowners." They came to the yards of peasants who had some supplies, called such peasants "kulaks" - and took everything away. Grain, horses, cows, vegetables ... Then they came again and took away what was left, they found everything hidden - and entire families died of hunger. I must say that very often everything that was in such "rich" peasant families was acquired by honest labor. If people were industrious, economic, healthy - they built a strong house, cultivated the land, started domestic animals and lived well.

AT Russian empire on the eve of the revolution, more than 160 million people lived, 8 people out of 10 were peasants, which means they were the most disenfranchised, hungry, downtrodden and illiterate part of the country.

The October Revolution was the hope of these people that they would study, they would be protected by the law, they would be fed if they worked. Soviet authority, the power of the Bolsheviks, the power of the communists, promised them this - and deceived them.