St. Petersburg, January 27 - RIA Novosti. Commemorative events dedicated to the 73rd anniversary of the complete liberation of Leningrad from the blockade during the Great Patriotic War, will be held on Friday in the Northern capital.

In the morning at the Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery, where hundreds of thousands of Leningraders and defenders of the city were buried during the siege, a solemn and mourning ceremony of laying wreaths and flowers will take place. Also, laying ceremonies will be held at Serafimovsky, Smolensky, Bogoslovsky, Nevsky military cemeteries, on Victory Square, at the Krasnaya Sloboda memorial and at other memorials and burial sites of defenders and residents of besieged Leningrad.

During the day there will be a concert in the large concert hall "Oktyabrsky", in the evening - a literary and musical evening in the Writer's House.

A youth patriotic action "Muse of the Blockade" will take place opposite the Radio House. “One of the symbols of the blockade and the person who must remain in the memory of generations was Olga Berggolts, the muse of besieged Leningrad. It was her soulful voice that burst from radio speakers into the icy apartments of Leningraders at that terrible time. These are her lines, which have become winged "No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten", carved on the granite of the Piskarevsky memorial cemetery," the organizers say.

Participants of the action will read poems by Berggolts. During the day, professional street graffiti artists will paint a three-meter "Memory Postcard" installed near the Radio House. Then it will be transferred to the Memorial Museum of the Defense and Siege of Leningrad.

In the courtyard of the State Academic Chapel in the evening there will also be a memorial action "900 days and nights". Newsreel footage will be broadcast on the facade of the chapel building in 3D mapping format, which will take Petersburgers to the besieged Leningrad. Here the atmosphere of the life of besieged Leningrad will be recreated - exhibited military equipment, artillery pieces and anti-tank barriers. Also, a stage will be installed in the courtyard from which young Petersburgers will perform songs of the war years.

The concert "Unconquered Leningrad" will take place at the St. Petersburg Music Hall Theater. The Chamber Choir of the theater and the Northern Symphony Symphony Orchestra conducted by Fabio Mastrangelo will perform masterpieces of music by great composers - Pergolesi's lyrical spiritual cantata Stabat Mater (Grieving Mother) and Mozart's Symphony No. 35 "Haffner".

In the evening, the traditional solemn action "Candle of Memory" will take place on the square in front of the Anichkov Palace. In memory of the blockade days, torches will also be lit on the Rostral columns on the spit of Vasilevsky Island, and at 21.00, fireworks will begin near the walls of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

The blockade of Leningrad, which began on September 8, 1941, lasted almost 900 days. The only way - the "Road of Life", through which food was delivered to the city, was laid on the ice of Lake Ladoga. The blockade was broken on January 18, 1943, but before it was completely lifted on January 27, 1944, Leningraders had to wait another year. During the years of the blockade, according to various sources, from 400 thousand to 1.5 million people died. So, at the Nuremberg trials, the number of 632 thousand people appeared. Only 3% of them died from bombing and shelling, the rest died of starvation.

September 8 marks the mournful anniversary - 75 years old from the day it started Blockade of Leningrad- one of the worst crimes of World War II committed by Nazi Germany and its allies.

It is believed that the Siege of Leningrad lasted 900 days. However, in fact, there were 872 days of blockade - from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944. According to historians today, based on the latest data, the Siege of Leningrad claimed the lives of about one and a half million people, 97% of the victims died of starvation.

Key dates associated with the Siege of Leningrad

• September 8, 1941 - Day of the beginning of the blockade;
• January 18, 1943 - Day of breaking the blockade;
• January 27, 1944 - Day of the complete lifting of the blockade;
• June 5, 1946 - Day of breaking through the naval mine blockade of Leningrad.

The beginning of the blockade

September 8, 1941 is considered the beginning of the blockade, when the land connection between Leningrad and the rest of the USSR was interrupted. However, in fact, the blockade began two weeks earlier - on August 27, the railway communication between the city and the mainland was interrupted, by that time tens of thousands of people had accumulated at railway stations and in the suburbs of Leningrad, trying to leave to the east. Also in the city at that time there were already more than 300 thousand refugees from the western regions of the USSR and the Baltic republics captured by the Nazis.

Hunger

Leningrad entered the war with the usual supply of food. Food cards were introduced in the city on July 17, but they did not save much on food, the norms were large, and there was no shortage of food before the start of the blockade.

However, by the beginning of the blockade, it turned out that the city did not have sufficient supplies of food and fuel, and the only thread connecting Leningrad with the mainland was the famous Road of Life, which passed along Lake Ladoga and was within reach of artillery and enemy aircraft.

The catastrophic food situation for the besieged city became clear on September 12, when inspections of food warehouses were completed. It was not only losses due to the famous Babaev warehouses bombed during the first air raids, where a significant amount of food was concentrated, but also errors in the distribution of products in the first two months of the war. The first sharp decrease in the norms for issuing products occurred on September 15. After that, the norms decreased until December, freezing at a minimum mark of the famous 125 blockade grams, which were supposed to be for children and dependents.

In addition, from September 1, the free sale of food was prohibited (this measure was in effect until mid-1944). The official sale of products in so-called commercial shops at market prices was also banned. At the same time, food, fuel, medicines, etc. could be exchanged for valuables on the black market, which operated in Leningrad throughout the war and blockade.

In October, the inhabitants of the city already felt a clear shortage of food, and in November a real famine began. It was especially scary when, before the ice on Ladoga, food was delivered to the city only by air. Only with the onset of winter did the Road of Life work at full capacity, but, of course, there was not enough food delivered along it. At the same time, all transport communications were under constant enemy fire.

The harsh winter of 1941-42 exacerbated the horrors of mass starvation, which led to huge casualties in the first blockade winter.

Victims of the blockade

During the years of the blockade, according to various sources, from 600 thousand to one and a half million people died. At the Nuremberg trials, it was about 632 thousand dead, but later this number was repeatedly revised, alas, upwards. Only 3% of the dead were victims of bombing and shelling, the remaining 97% died of starvation.

Citizens! During shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous!

In the first months of the blockade, despite the meager norms for the distribution of bread, death from starvation had not yet become a mass phenomenon, and most of the dead were victims of bombardments and artillery shelling.

It was then that the famous inscriptions appeared on the walls of some houses: “Citizens! During shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous.”

The inscriptions were made on houses on the northern and northeastern sides of the streets, as the Nazis were shelling the city from the south and southwest - from long-range guns installed on the Pulkovo Heights and in Strelna.

This is due to the fact that the shelling of Leningrad was carried out only from the territories occupied by German troops, the Finnish units, closing the blockade from the north, hardly shelled the city. In Kronstadt, such inscriptions were applied on the southwestern sides of the streets, since the Germans were shelling from the occupied Peterhof.

The most famous inscription on the even "sunny" side of Nevsky Prospekt was made in the summer of 1943 by two girls - fighters of the Local Air Defense (MPVO) Tatyana Kotova and Lyubov Gerasimova.

Alas, the real inscriptions on the walls have not been preserved, however, in the 1960s and 1970s, some of them were recreated in memory of the heroism of the Leningraders.

Currently, the inscriptions “Citizens! During shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous” are stored at the following addresses:

• Nevsky prospect, 14;
• Lesnoy prospect, house 61;
• 22 line of Vasilyevsky Island, house 7;
• Posadskaya street in Kronstadt, house 17/14;
• Ammerman street in Kronstadt, house 25.

All inscriptions are accompanied by marble plaques.

The feat of Leningrad was noted even before the end of the war. By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief dated May 1, 1945, Leningrad was named a Hero City for the heroism and courage shown by the inhabitants of the city during the blockade. Together with Leningrad, this title was awarded to three more cities - Stalingrad, Sevastopol and Odessa.

January 27 - Day of the complete liberation of Leningrad from the fascist blockade. On this day on the TV channel "Russia K" - documentary (18:45) , (17:15) and feature film (10:20) .

The blockade of Leningrad lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 and claimed more than two million human lives. Almost 900 days of pain and suffering, courage and selflessness. For Hitler, Leningrad was an important strategic height - here was the Baltic Fleet and the road to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, from where help from the allies came during the war. If the city had surrendered, it would have been destroyed and wiped off the face of the earth. But the city heroically held out. The feat of the inhabitants and defenders of the city on the Neva will forever remain in the history of our Fatherland and will serve as an example of exceptional courage, moral strength, and love for the Motherland. The blockade poet Vera Inber wrote in 1942 in her poem "Pulkovo Meridian":

Here is a hospital. Hospital. Infirmary.
Here is a red cross and white coats;
Here the air is warmed by compassion,
Here is an abusive sword on plaster armor,
Covering the pierced chest,
Do not dare, do not dare to encroach.

Documentary (18:45) - this is the testimony of an eyewitness, full of drama and greatness of the human spirit, who not only managed to survive in spite of everything, but made every effort in the name of salvation hometown. Young blockade survivor, now People's Artist of Russia Galina Korotkevich from the first to last day war was at the front. Of these, students of a theater university, they formed concert brigades, which were supposed to "lift the fighting and morale with the power of art Soviet troops". They performed in front of the soldiers in between battles on the most difficult sections of the front line at the Pulkovo Heights, during the battles near Sinyavino, at night - on Ladoga along the Road of Life. Galya, like all her comrades, had to dance as if there were no cold, no second stage of dystrophy: “You know, now it sounds very vulgar, but I danced the whole war. Three dances in forty-five degrees of frost - I’m still in a dance costume. Our boys were at least in costumes, and the girls came out in dresses, always in uniform number alone. As soon as you smile, your whole face froze from the steam, and you can’t move your smile back! And so, until you go back. And no one has ever caught a cold, has not lost his voice, nor has the temperature risen! What is it?! It means that there is something, fate gives it, when everything inside is mobilized in this way in the name of the main task - so that the soldiers feel good, so that they remember peaceful life. Each commander said: "Guys, have fun! Guys, have fun! The soldier goes to his death! Maybe he will see a concert once in his life. "Nothing ideological. Life should have been reminded, the price of life!". And at home, the icy streets of extinct Leningrad, a terrible famine, the death of relatives, friends, acquaintances were waiting for her. And in spite of everything - the hope of victory.

In a programme (January 27, 5:15 pm)- works by Leningrad composers created during the war and blockade. Among them are unpublished compositions, the manuscripts of which have been preserved in the archives of Moscow and St. Petersburg - their performance will be the world premiere. Perhaps it is this music that is one of the most faithful and irrefutable indicators of the spiritual strength of the people of Leningrad. Participating: GASO them. E.F. Svetlanova (conductor Vasily Sinaisky); Choir of the Song and Dance Ensemble V.S. Lokteva (conductor Anna Egorova); State Academic Russian Choir. A.V. Sveshnikova (conductor Evgeny Volkov). Soloists: Yuri Laptev, Zlata Bulycheva, Ekaterina Mechetina, Mikhail Gantvarg, Lyudmila Dudinova. Hosted by Nikolay Burov.

January 27 at 10:20 live- the story of two little girls who, along with adults, suffered the horrors of the siege of Leningrad, in the military drama by Viktor Eisymont. The film starred: Nina Ivanova, Natasha Zashchipina, Ada Wojcik, Alexander Larikov, Vera Altaiskaya, Lydia Shtykan, Nikolai Korn.

Press service of the TV channel "Russia K"

In the past few years, there has been an unprecedented surge of patriotism in the Russian Federation. The modern generation has nothing to be particularly proud of, so many like to shout to the whole world that we overthrew Hitler. But only a few know true story this bloody war, everything is limited to the date of May 9th. For example, not all patriots know what date the blockade was finally lifted from the courageous city of Leningrad.

A bit of history

On June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. Hitler violated the treaty with the USSR by launching a full-scale offensive. The task of the Army Group "North" was the rapid capture of the Baltic states and Leningrad, the encirclement of Moscow. But a lightning victory was not achieved. The colossal losses of the Red Army were able to stop the enemy 50 kilometers before the "cradle of the revolution." Civilians en masse were involved in the construction of fortifications. The triple line of defense did not allow the Wehrmacht to take the city.

The geographical position of Leningrad led to the fact that the city was in complete isolation. In early September 1941, the Fritz cut off all transport routes to the city, reaching the shores of Lake Ladoga. From the west the city was surrounded by the sea, from the north Finnish army which became an ally of the Germans. The supply of the city was disrupted, it was not possible to evacuate a large number of people. Only Soviet planes and low-speed barges on the lake could make their way to Leningrad. The Germans constantly attacked, half of the cargo went to the bottom. Already in mid-September, the city felt a complete shortage of everything: fuel, energy, food and ammunition.

The first year was especially difficult. The authorities were not prepared for this turn of events. The only salvation was highway, which passed on the ice of the lake. But this did not save the situation. There were days when the daily norm of bread reached 125 grams. People were dying from hunger, disease, cold and bombing. The city authorities could not keep a record of the dead, the corpses lay on the pavement. People went crazy, there were acts of cannibalism and eating the dead. Horror and great deeds were nearby. But the city steadfastly kept the defense, produced tanks and small arms. The enemy repeatedly rolled back to the previous lines. At the beginning of 1943, the blockade was partially reduced: the shore of Lake Ladoga was recaptured, a fuel pipeline and a road were laid.

controversy

There are debates among historians and politicians on the topic: “Wasn’t it easier to surrender the city?” After all, then it would be possible to significantly reduce human casualties and the destruction of the city itself. And it represents a huge historical and architectural value of the world level. The blockade of Leningrad helped:

1. Tightly tie down the northern grouping of German troops. Otherwise, the Germans were able to capture Moscow.
2. Hundreds worked in the city industrial enterprises that produced strategic products.
3. Leningrad - base Baltic Fleet USSR.
4. The blockade saved many historical values ​​from being exported to Germany.
5. Hitler planned to destroy the city, as he considered it a symbol of Bolshevism.
6. The feat of the inhabitants of the city could inspire millions of people to bold deeds.

Memory

January 27, 1944 is considered the date of the final lifting of the blockade. The enemy was completely thrown back from the city for a hundred kilometers, the bombing stopped. The blockade of Leningrad became not only an episode of the war, but a symbol and example of courage for all the inhabitants of the Earth. Numerous events and celebrations are held on this day. There are many holy places in St. Petersburg that tell about this feat. There is even a blockade museum and dozens of monuments and memorial plaques. In 1945, the city was awarded the title of "Hero City". There is no need to invest a lot of money to organize a memorial day next year. After all, those who survived all these troubles and hardships are still alive. Their touching stories will be able to convey to the younger generation all the horrors of war.

How it was in 2016

There were numerous rallies and flower laying in the city. In many educational institutions and cultural venues hosted themed events. Wreath-laying took place at the Leningrad city cemeteries: Piskarevsky, Serafimovsky, Nevsky, and Smolensky. Numerous monuments were not left without a sea of ​​fresh flowers. In all the temples, the corresponding rites were held for the departed souls in the other world. Active participation was taken by the leading persons of the city, representatives public organizations, entrepreneurs. There was a concert in the Oktyabrsky hall. The writers' house hosted a theme evening "We liberated Leningrad and moved to Berlin." At 9 pm, 30 festive salute volleys were fired from the site of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Recently, Russian filmmakers shot a wonderful series that tells about those days:

For the epigraph:

Your feat will never be forgotten, it is remembered by the wind, fire and water!

On January 27, 1944, the blockade, in the iron ring of which Leningrad was suffocating for 900 long days and nights, was put to an end. This day became one of the happiest in the lives of hundreds of thousands of Leningraders. And at the same time one of the most mournful: the city, surrounded by fascist troops, lost about a million inhabitants who died of hunger and cold. This winter day has become a symbol of the victory of life over death and foreshadowed Great Victory in May 1945. The Leningrad Victory inspired Soviet soldiers and those who helped the front in the rear to new achievements, gave confidence in their own strength. The fearlessness and glory of Leningrad became a symbol of courage throughout the world, which had not known such monstrous tragedies before the village. January 27 became the day of military glory of Russia, sprouted into the people's memory, which cannot be erased while the hearts of the grateful descendants of the heroes of Leningrad and the victorious soldiers in the Great Patriotic War are beating.

On January 27, 2017, the whole world honored the heroes who survived the blockade and bowed low in memory of those who could not hear the Leningrad salute of 1944. On the 73rd anniversary of the complete liberation of the city from the Nazi invaders, tens of thousands of Russians and representatives foreign countries came to the foot of the memorial complexes to pay tribute to the memory of the Leningraders who defended their city.

Members and supporters of the Great Fatherland Party were among the participants in the commemorative events.

St. Petersburg

Delegates of the St. Petersburg and Leningrad regional branches of the Great Fatherland Party, together with the leader of the Air Defense Forces Nikolai Viktorovich Starikov, took part in a solemn ceremony at the Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery. Historians still have not calculated how many lives of civilians were claimed by the blockade of Leningrad: from 600 thousand to 1.5 million people. At least 500 thousand people are buried at the Piskarevsky cemetery.

Novosibirsk

The inhabitants of Novosibirsk remember and honor the feat of besieged Leningrad. Activists of the regional branch of the Great Fatherland Party took part in a rally dedicated to the 73rd anniversary of the liberation of Leningrad from the fascist blockade during the Great Patriotic War. The action of memory was held at Stella, dedicated to the labor feat of Leningraders.

Defenders of Leningrad, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, representatives of patriotic and public organizations, military personnel and schoolchildren were invited to the rally.

“The fates of Leningraders and Novosibirskers are closely connected,” says the Secretary of the Novosibirsk Air Defense Department Svetlana Viktorovna Mikhailenko. - In connection with the advent fascist troops to Leningrad in 1941, 50 factories, organizations and institutions, tens of thousands of Leningraders were evacuated to Novosibirsk.

Such illustrious enterprises and organizations as the Sestroretsk Tool Plant im. Voskov (former Petrovsky First Arms Plant), Radio Engineering named after. Comintern, the Svetlana electrovacuum plant, two aviation enterprises, Drama Theatre. A.S. Pushkin, priceless museum collections, the Leningrad Philharmonic with the famous symphony orchestra conducted by People's Artist of the USSR Yevgeny Mravinsky.

From Novosibirsk during the Great Patriotic War for the whole Soviet Union The radio program “Fire on the Enemy!” was broadcast by the legendary Leningrad artists Konstantin Ignatievich Adashevsky and Alexander Fedorovich Borisov to the accompaniment of the Siberian button accordionist Ivan Ivanovich Malanin.

On July 9, 1942, the evacuated Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by People's Artist of the USSR, conductor Yevgeny Mravinsky, performed Dmitry Shostakovich's famous Seventh "Leningrad" Symphony in Novosibirsk. Its landmark performance was on August 9, 1942 in besieged Leningrad. Carl Eliasberg conducted the Grand Symphony Orchestra of the Leningrad Radio Committee. During the performance, the symphony was broadcast on the radio, as well as on the loudspeakers of the city network. It was heard not only by the inhabitants of the city, but also by the German troops besieging Leningrad!”