Question numeral and its syntactic role given by the author Ѐusya the best answer is
Answer from dissolution[newbie]
Do you want it
Answer from I-beam[newbie]
The answer is incomplete. Ordinal numbers are rare, but there are circumstances. Example: About one thousand two hundred and seventy-five years BC, an eruption occurred in Troy. (About) one thousand two hundred and seventy-fifth (year) - a circumstance.
Answer from Daniil Kuznetsov[newbie]
When analyzing the syntactic function of a numeral, you should first determine whether the numeral is used in isolation or as part of a quantitative-nominal phrase (two sisters, both friends, three children).
Numerals used in isolation can be different members of the sentence:
subject (three is a number, three volunteered to help, both are to blame, the third is extra);
be a nominal part compound predicate(twice two - four, he was second in line);
be a direct or indirect addition (two were added to four, she adopted two).
Cardinal numbers in the nominative and similar accusative cases, combined with a noun, are the main word of a syntactically related phrase, controlling the noun in genitive case the only or plural(The monkey ate four bananas (five bananas) - the numeral four (five) is part of a syntactically related phrase, which plays the role of an addition in the sentence). Speaking in other cases, the quantitative numeral is a dependent word in a free phrase, consistent with the noun, plays the role of an agreed definition (A woman with two children approached us).
Ordinal numbers most often act as agreed definitions (There was no second lesson. Only on the third attempt did the athlete succeed in the jump), but they can also be part of syntactically related (The first of those walking already saw the forester's house) and phraseologically related (He is not my relative, and the seventh water on jelly) phrases.
Answer from Dfhk hfik[newbie]
When analyzing the syntactic function of a numeral, you should first determine whether the numeral is used in isolation or as part of a quantitative-nominal phrase (two sisters, both friends, three children).
Numerals used in isolation can be different members of the sentence:
subject (three is a number, three volunteered to help, both are to blame, the third is extra);
be the nominal part of the compound predicate (twice two - four, he was second in line);
be a direct or indirect addition (two were added to four, she adopted two).
Cardinal numbers in the nominative and similar accusative cases, combined with a noun, are the main word of a syntactically related phrase, controlling the noun in the genitive singular or plural (The monkey ate four bananas (five bananas) - the numeral four (five) is part of syntactically a related phrase that plays the role of an object in a sentence). Speaking in other cases, the quantitative numeral is a dependent word in a free phrase, consistent with the noun, plays the role of an agreed definition (A woman with two children approached us).
Ordinal numbers most often act as agreed definitions (There was no second lesson. Only on the third attempt did the athlete succeed in the jump), but they can also be part of syntactically related (The first of those walking already saw the forester's house) and phraseologically related (He is not my relative, and the seventh water on jelly) phrases.
Answer from Anna Creed[newbie]
When analyzing the syntactic function of a numeral, you should first determine whether the numeral is used in isolation or as part of a quantitative-nominal phrase (two sisters, both friends, three children).
Numerals used in isolation can be different members of the sentence:
subject (three is a number, three volunteered to help, both are to blame, the third is extra);
be the nominal part of the compound predicate (twice two - four, he was second in line);
be a direct or indirect addition (two were added to four, she adopted two).
Cardinal numbers in the nominative and similar accusative cases, combined with a noun, are the main word of a syntactically related phrase, controlling the noun in the genitive singular or plural (The monkey ate four bananas (five bananas) - the numeral four (five) is part of syntactically a related phrase that plays the role of an object in a sentence). Speaking in other cases, the quantitative numeral is a dependent word in a free phrase, consistent with the noun, plays the role of an agreed definition (A woman with two children approached us).
Ordinal numbers most often act as agreed definitions (There was no second lesson. Only on the third attempt did the athlete succeed in the jump), but they can also be part of syntactically related (The first of those walking already saw the forester's house) and phraseologically related (He is not my relative, and the seventh water on jelly) phrases.
1. The concept of a numeral.
The numeral is independent part speech, which includes words denoting
Numbers (twice two is four)
Number of items (four tables) or
Counting order (fifth house)
and answering questions How many?, which the?
Scheme 1. Numerals as part of speech
2. Discharges of numerals.
From the point of view of meaning and grammatical features, numerals are usually divided into groups, or categories.
Discharges are groups of words united by a common meaning and having the same grammatical characteristics.
The numbers are divided into quantitative and ordinal.
To quantitative numerals include words denoting quantity ( five houses),
number ( five not divisible by two no remainder), item number (house number five).
To ordinal numerals include words denoting the order of objects in the count ( fifth house).
Scheme 2. Digits of numerals
3. Cardinal numbers.
Within the group of cardinal numbers, in terms of meaning and grammatical properties, the following subgroups can be distinguished:
Quantitative numbers denoting whole numbers,
Cardinal numbers denoting fractional numbers,
Collective numbers.
Quantitative numbers denoting whole numbers are numerals that name the amount of something in whole units: two table, five tickets thirty three ship. Note that these words are combined with nouns that name objects that can be counted (one cannot say two gold or three youth).
These words change by case ( five, five, five) and do not have categories of gender and number (except for numerals one two). Word one can have masculine, neuter, and feminine forms: one, one, one and the plural form: alone.
numeral two/two varies by gender, keeping differences by gender in I.p. and V.p.: two shirts, two table.
Fractional cardinal numbers denote fractional numbers and fractional quantity ( two thirds, zero point seven tenths). These numerals are combined both with the names of objects that can be counted, and with real and collective nouns: two-thirds table, one tenth youth, three-fifths gold.
The words of this subgroup change by case: three fourths, three fourths etc., but have no gender or number.
The exception is the number one and a half, which has two forms: m. and f. R. ( one and a half month, one and a half minutes), as well as fractional numbers, which include numbers one and two. At the same time, while maintaining the category of gender, these words in the composition of fractional numerals by gender do not change and are always used only in the form zh. R. One seventh of a table, two fifths of a book.
The last subgroup of cardinal numbers - collective numerals. This subgroup includes 10 words: two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, both.
All these words change in cases ( two, two, two etc.).
Word both/both varies by case and by gender, where both- masculine and neuter forms both- female.
4. Structure (structure) of numerals.
By their structure, numerals can be simple, compound and complex.
Simple numerals consist of one word ( eight, five, twenty). Composite - from two or more eighty two, fifty three, five hundred twenty five).
In terms of the number of roots in a word, complex numbers are also distinguished. These include words containing more than one root. The words fifty, sixty, seventy are complex, because have two roots.
Fractional numbers - compound ( three tenths), numeral one and a half- simple, numeral a hundred and fifty- complex.
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NUMERALS |
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Scheme 3. Structure of numerals
5. Syntactic function of numerals.
In a sentence, cardinal numbers make up one member of the sentence with the noun in which they stand. Thus, they can be any sentence member that a noun can be.
Three girls under the window
They spun late in the evening (A. Pushkin).
(...) And my choice blesses only three favorite faces. (B. Akhmadulina).
He traded greyhounds for them three dogs!!! (A. Griboyedov).
Ordinal numbers are either definitions or part of the predicate.
I repeat everything the first verse ... (M. Tsvetaeva).
101st I will never! (E. Evtushenko).
Homework(Source)
Exercise 1.
Write the text, determine the digits of the numerals.
On August 22, 1880, the first tram appeared in St. Petersburg. But only in 1892 tram traffic began in Kyiv. The length of the first branch was 1.6 kilometers. The first subway in our country was opened in Moscow on May 15, 1935. The length of the first line was 11.6 kilometers and it had 13 stations.
How important is it to answer the question how much? Both our losses and our gains may depend on the correct answer. In this lesson, you will learn how to correctly decline cardinal numbers denoting whole numbers.
1. The meaning of fractional numbers and their compatibility with nouns
Fractional cardinal numbers denote fractional numbers and fractional quantities ( two thirds, 0.7 etc.). These numerals are combined both with the names of objects that can be counted, and with real and collective nouns. Two third tables. One tenth of the youth. Two-fifths of gold.
However, the numerals of this category cannot be combined with animate nouns. The exception is the word a hundred and fifty(= one and a half hundred = 150). We cannot say, for example, one and a half dogs and we can say one hundred and fifty dogs.
Of the one and a half hundred dogs of the South Russian Shepherd Dogs, there were only five.
Word a hundred and fifty although it is fractional, because a hundred and fifty- this is one and a half hundred, but he calls an integer, because one and a half hundred is 150. That is why a hundred and fifty is the only fractional numeral that combines with animate nouns.
2. Structure of fractional numbers
In their structure, all fractional quantitative numbers are composite, that is, they consist of 2 or more words. Three tenths, seven eighths, three fourths. In this case, the first part of fractional numbers is represented by an integer cardinal number, and the second part is represented by an ordinal number.
The exception is the numbers one and a half / one and a half and a hundred and fifty, since they consist of one word, unlike the rest of the fractional numbers. Wherein one and a half- simple, a hundred and fifty- complex.
3. Morphological features
All fractional cardinal numbers change in cases.
numeral one and a half varies by birth and has the forms of m. and cf. R. and the form of R: one and a half and one and a half. one and a half month, one and a half apples, one and a half weeks.
As you remember from the previous lesson, numerals one and two also have a genus category ( one - one - one, two - two). Getting into the composition of a fractional numeral, these words retain their generic characteristics, but are used only in the form zh. R.: one tenth, two tenths, one eighth, two eighths etc.
4. Declension of fractional cardinal numbers
In terms of structure, there are 2 subgroups in the group of fractional cardinal numbers:
§ simple (non-compound) numerals ( one and a half, one and a half)
§ compound numerals (all others, for example 2/5).
Numerals of the first subgroup one and a half / one and a half and a hundred and fifty have 2 forms: I. p. and V. p. ( one and a half / one and a half and a hundred and fifty) and the form for other cases ( one and a half, one and a half hundred).
Table 1. Declension of numbers one and a half, one and a half, one and a half hundred
In the numerals of the second subgroup - in compound fractional numbers - both parts are declined: the first part is declined as the corresponding integer number, the second - as the ordinal number in the plural. or units h. ( one seventh, three sevenths etc.).
Table 2. Declension of compound fractional numbers
5. Syntactic characteristics
Nouns used with fractional cardinal numbers stand in the form of R. p. units. or many h. The number form of a noun depends on the meaning.
Compare: One second pear and one second pear, two thirds of a glass and two thirds of glasses. i.e. units hours \u003d part of one object, pl. h = part total items.
In a sentence, fractional cardinal numbers make up one member of the sentence with the noun in which they stand.
We haven't seen each other one and half year.
The world ocean occupies three fourths of the planet.
Most hallmark numeral as a part of speech is its number value.
The numeral is a part of speech that denotes an abstract quantity (number), as well as the order of objects when they are counted: one, two, ten; one second, three fourths; two, three, five; first, second, tenth.
Quantitative meaning can be conveyed not only by numerals, but also by words of other parts of speech: three, five, one hundred; triple, multiply. However, the abstract meaning of quantity (number) is inherent in one number. The abstractness of the quantitative semantics of numerals is manifested in the following:
1. Numerals are capable of denoting a quantity (number) without connection with any specific subject and are indicated in writing by numbers: 2 + 2 = 4, 2x2 = 4, 2: 2 = 1, 2 - 2 = 0.
2. The quantitative (numerical) value of numerals is not complicated by other values. Three, triple, triple are different parts of speech, as they express quantitative meaning in different ways. Three is a noun, because it is always related to the subject: three is the name of the mark (get a three); the name of a men's suit, consisting of three parts (sew a three); the name of the playing card (three of tambourines); the name of the three-person committee (extraordinary troika). Triple is a verb because it always denotes an action as a process: triple means to triple. Only three is a numeral because it expresses a quantity (number) and nothing else.
The grammatical features of numerals are not as uniform and indicative as the semantics of the part of speech under consideration. Words one, three and thousand from the point of view of their semantics are numerals. But morphologically, they are not homogeneous: one changes according to the genera (one house, one room, one window); three has no gender category; thousand is the word for women. genus and by genus does not change. The grammatical heterogeneity of numerals determines the description of their grammatical features within one or another category of numerals.
Discharges of nouns
By value, all numerals are divided into quantitative, indefinitely quantitative, ordinal, collective.
Numerals expressing an abstract quantity (number) are called quantitative.
Quantitative numbers are divided into numerals, naming whole numbers or the number of whole objects (two, three, ten), and numerals, naming parts of integers or the number of parts of objects - fractional (one and a half, one second, two thirds). Quantitative numbers denote an exact, definite number of objects (two tables, five houses, one hundred roads, etc.).
Indefinitely quantitative numbers denote an indefinite number of objects (persons) or substances: a lot, a little, a little (many tables, debts, roads, etc.).
Ordinal numbers are called, indicating the order of objects when they are counted: first, second, fifth, hundredth, one hundred and tenth.
Collective numbers are numerals that name the number of units that form a set of objects: two, three, five, etc.
Cardinal numbers are the main category, because: 1) they make possible education and functioning of other semantic categories; 2) they have specific grammatical features, which is not so characteristic of other numerals.
Structural digits of numerals
By structure, numerals are non-derivative, or simple, and derivatives.
There are few non-derivative (simple) numerals: quantitative numerals of the first ten (one, two, three, ten) and numerals forty, one hundred, one thousand. AT modern language simple ones include numerals one and a half (fractional), a million, a billion (they are not divided into morphemes now).
Derived numerals unite two groups: complex and compound numerals.
Complex are single-word numerals formed from simple ones (eleven, twenty, fifty, two hundred, five hundred, eleventh, fiftieth, etc.). Of the quantitative numbers, these are the names of units of the second ten, tens, hundreds.
The names of the units of the second ten go back to combinations of the names of the units of the first ten with the preposition on and the numeral ten in the local (prepositional) case: eleven out of one by ten (“one unit over ten”); twelve from two into ten, etc. As a result of phonetic changes, the numeral ten with the preposition on turned into -1teen. Similar transformations occurred in the numerals twenty, thirty, which go back to combinations of the numerals two, three and the numeral ten in the nominative case of the dual and plural (ten). Twenty, thirty became twenty, thirty.
The numerals fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty are formed from the combination of the names of units and the numeral ten in the genitive plural. The origin of the numeral ninety has not been precisely established.
The numeral two hundred is by origin a fusion of the numerals two and one hundred (in the nominative case of the dual number). The numerals three hundred, four hundred go back to the Old Russian combinations of the numerals three, four and the numeral one hundred (nominative plural from one hundred). The numerals five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred came from combinations of five, six, seven, eight, nine and the numeral one hundred in the genitive plural (hundred).
Compound are called non-single-word numbers, which were formed by comparing (composing) simple and complex numbers (twenty-one, one hundred thirty-seven, one thousand five hundred and eighty-five, twenty-first, one hundred thirty-seventh). Compound numerals are a productive group, while complex numerals in the modern language are not replenished with new formations. By a combination of a few simple and complex numerals, we are able to denote any large or small number (number).
Grammatical signs of cardinal numbers
Quantitative numerals are the most peculiar category in grammatical terms. Morphologically, they are characterized by the absence of the category of gender in most words, and syntactically - by special compatibility with nouns.
The gender category, which is not characteristic of cardinal numbers, has the numerals one (one, one), two (two), one thousand, one million, one billion. For numerals one, two, the gender category is changeable (one house, one room, one window; two houses, two rooms, two windows), and for numerals a thousand, a million, a billion are unchangeable (a thousand is feminine, a million, a billion - - masculine).
The category of number is inherent in the numerals one, a thousand, a million, a billion (one - one, a thousand - thousands, a million - millions, a billion - billions). However, the plural forms of the numeral one are used only in combination with nouns that do not have singular forms (pluralia tantum): one clock, one scissors, one tongs, etc. Therefore, in the numeral one, the plural does not actually mean a multitude, but formal role - serves as a means of agreement with the noun.
In combination with nouns not pluralia tantum, the word one in the plural is not a numeral: It was cold to go without a fur coat, past the villages, where there were neither houses nor people. Where only charred pipes went like lizards or camels (Samoilov) (some are a particle, cf.: only, only); He was asking a very simple thing; he asked: why and by what right did some people lock up, torture, exile, flog and kill other people, while they themselves are exactly the same as those whom they torture, flog, and kill? (L. Tolstoy) (some are pronouns, cf. some).
If the absence of a meaningful category of number makes it possible to bring the word one closer to quantitative numbers, then the words thousand, million, billion are morphologically no different from nouns (cf. broths; billion * - billiards, billions - billiards).
The syntactic functions of cardinal numbers are diverse. They can be: 1) subject and predicate: Three and three - six; 2) secondary members of the proposal: Subtract two from five (additions); No, I can’t give more than two rubles,” said Chichikov (Gogol) (two is the definition). However, the syntactic features of quantitative numerals are primarily manifested in the different compatibility of numerals with nouns.
1. The numeral one agrees with the noun being defined in number, gender and case: one house - one house - one house; one room -- one room -- one room, etc.
2. The numerals two, three, four in the nominative and accusative cases govern the genitive case of the singular of the nouns with which they are associated: two (three, four) houses, windows; two (three, four) rooms.
It should be borne in mind that in form the genitive singular of feminine nouns coincides with the nominative plural (near the room - genitive singular; light rooms - nominative plural; at the door - genitive singular; doors disclosed - the nominative plural), but in combination with the numerals two, three, four of the nominative and accusative cases, the noun always stands in the genitive singular: Three proud palm trees (genitive singular, non-nominative plural!) grew tall (Lermontov).
In all other cases, except for the nominative and accusative, the numerals two, three, four agree with the nouns and the noun has the plural form: two oaks, but two oaks, two oaks, two oaks, (o) two oaks.
Compound quantitative numbers are also combined with nouns, the last component of which is two, three or four: four tables - twenty-four tables - one thousand fifty-four tables; four tables - twenty-four tables - one thousand fifty-four tables, etc.
3. Numerals from five or more (except for a thousand, a million, a billion) in them. and wine. cases govern gender. case pl. number of nouns (five houses, five rooms, five windows). In indirect cases, these numerals agree with nouns (five houses, five houses, five houses, about five houses).
4. The numerals thousand, million, billion in all cases govern gender. case pl. nouns: a thousand books - a thousand books - a thousand books - a thousand books, etc.
Collective numbers
Collective numerals are an unproductive and small group of words. They are formed from cardinal numbers only in the first ten: two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
A special place is occupied by the numeral both, both. First, it is not the only designation for the totality of two objects (cf. two). Secondly, it denotes not a simple collection, but a collection of objects already known to the listener or reader (both of them). The numeral two does not require clarification, but the words both, both always require clarification in the context; cf .: Two in the city and Both in the city (in the latter case, prior knowledge of whom or what is being discussed is required). An indication of the previous context brings the words both, both with pronouns (cf .: he, this, that), and a number of researchers consider both, both pronouns.
Collective numerals are used in certain conditions:
1. Collective numerals are combined with the names of masculine persons (two men, a person, etc.) and are not combined with the names of feminine persons. In such use, they are freely replaced by quantitative numbers (two men, a person, a brother, etc.), which is especially characteristic of book styles.
2. Collective numerals are combined with substantiated words that denote persons (“Seven brave”, three adults, etc.).
3. Collective numerals are used with nouns that do not have a singular number: two days, three sledges, etc. In indirect cases with these nouns, forms of cardinal numbers are used (about two days, about three sledges).
4. Collective numerals in combination with nouns that name paired items (shoes, socks, gloves, shoes, etc.) indicate the number of pairs (three shoes - three pairs of shoes, two socks - two pairs of socks), and quantitative numerals - the number of individual items (three shoes, two socks).
5. Collective numerals can be used independently (without nouns), naming a set of persons: seven do not wait for one (proverb), three left the forest, two in the city. Cardinal numbers in independent use do not receive subject matter, but they call the abstract quantity: Two plus three equals five.
All collectives in the nominative and accusative cases govern the genitive plural of nouns: two fighters, etc. (cf. singular genitive with cardinal numbers two, three, four: two fighters, three boys, etc.) , and in oblique cases they agree with nouns.
Collective numerals do not have a gender category, except for the numeral both (masculine and neuter gender), both (feminine), do not change in numbers. Collective numerals are declined as full plural adjectives:
I. two, four
R. two, four
D. two, four
V. two, four
T. two, four
P. (o) two, four
The numeral both (masculine and neuter) has the vowel o (both, both, both) in the basis of indirect cases, and the numeral both (feminine) has the vowel e (both, both, both).
Ordinals
Ordinal numbers in some of their features coincide with numerals, in others with adjectives.
Brings them closer to numerals lexical meaning(cf .: the fifth house and house 5, the sixth apartment and apartment 6) and the generating basis (ordinal numbers are formed from quantitative ones: five - fifth, fifty - fiftieth, one hundred thirty eight - one hundred thirty eighth).
They are united with adjectives by syntactic, morphological and derivational features. Ordinal numbers are used as definitions (the fifth hour, the third bell) or the nominal part of the compound predicate (Yu. Gagarin was the first to see the Earth from space). They change by gender, number and case, like adjectives (sixth - sixth - sixth; sixth - sixth; sixth - sixth - sixth; sixth - sixth - sixth). In compound ordinal numbers, only the last part is inclined: thirty-fifth - thirty-fifth - thirty-fifth. In the word formation of ordinal numbers, suffixes are used, which also form adjectives: - / - (third - third); -n- (thousandth), *oe- (fortieth). Complex ordinal numbers are formed according to the model of complex adjectives with a numeral in the first part: fiftieth, two hundredth (compare: pentagonal, two-deck).
The word formation of simple ordinal numbers knows some features. From the numerals one, two ordinal numbers are formed in a suppletive way: the first, the second. .The numerals third, fourth are made from the bases third, quarter. The numeral seventh retained in its composition the common Slavic basis seven (cf .: seven out of seven). When ordinal numbers are formed, the final soft consonant of the generating base is replaced by a hard one: five - the fifth, six - the sixth, etc.
The dual nature of ordinal numbers leads to the fact that they can be replaced by cardinal numbers (Olympics-80, apartment 5), and turn into adjectives losing their ordinal meaning (first love, second wind, third roosters, sixth sense).
Fractional numbers
Fractional numbers are called parts of integers, the number of parts of whole objects or sets of objects. The numerator is the cardinal number, and the denominator is the ordinal number. If the numerator is the numeral one or a compound numeral with a final component one, then the ordinal number in the denominator has the form of the feminine singular of the nominative case: one fifth, twenty one hundredth. In all other fractional numbers, the ordinal number is in the genitive plural form: two fifths, twenty hundredths. In indirect cases, the numerator and denominator agree: one-fifth, two-fifths, twenty-one hundredths.
Fractional numbers require a noun in the genitive case: one sixth of the earth, three tenths of vegetables. Fractional numbers, unlike quantitative ones, can be combined with collective and real nouns (three-fifths of youth, three-fifths of oil), naming the number of parts of any set of objects (persons) or substances. In combination with nouns denoting objects that can be counted (tree, house, city, etc.), fractional numbers can name either the number of parts of one object, or the number of parts of the totality of these objects: one second of a tree, one second of trees . In the first case, the noun is in the genitive singular, and in the second, in the genitive plural.
Fractional are also numerals one and a half (masculine and neuter), one and a half (feminine), one and a half hundred. These numerals have some peculiarities.
Firstly, they call the combination of an integer and a part in one word, while in all other cases, a union and or an adjective whole - seven and two tenths, seven point two tenths - are used to connect an integer with a fractional number.
Secondly, the numeral one and a half, one and a half is combined in the nominative and accusative cases with nouns in the genitive case of the singular one and a half meters, buckets; one and a half notebooks), and the numeral one and a half hundred - with nouns in the genitive plural (one and a half hundred meters, buckets, notebooks). The numeral one and a half cannot be combined with nouns that have only plural forms, except for the noun day: one and a half days (the emphasis in the numeral moves to the first syllable). Unlike other fractional numerals, one and a half, one and a half, one and a half hundred are not used with collective and real nouns.
Thirdly, these numerals have only two case forms: nominative and accusative cases - one and a half, one and a half, one and a half hundred and indirect cases - one and a half, one and a half hundred (with emphasis on the second syllable).
In indirect cases, nouns are combined with numerals one and a half, one and a half in the plural form: one and a half meters, but one and a half meters.
In the meaning of fractional numbers, the nouns half, third, quarter (two thirds, two quarters) are used.
Indefinite-quantitative numerals
Indefinite quantitative numbers include a small group of words denoting an indefinite number of objects (persons) or substances - many, few, several: many (few) people, houses, oil. The inclusion of these words in the category of numerals is very conditional, since only a quantitative value brings them closer to numerals. However, the uncertainty of the quantitative meaning expressed by these words allows them to be compared with indefinite pronouns (cf .: some and several), according to grammatical features words a lot, little coincide with adverbs: they do not change by gender, number and case, they are able to form a form comparative degree(more, less), are used not only in the role of a quantitative definition (many houses, little forest), but also in the role of a circumstance (spoke a lot, little). The word several, like indefinite pronouns, changes in cases:
I. a few
R. multiple
D. to several
B. several, several
T. several
P. (o) several
It should be borne in mind that the forms of many, many are formed not from the word many, but from the initial form many.
Some nouns (mass, lot, etc.) also acquire an indefinite quantitative meaning: a lot of things, a lot of trouble (16: 212-221).
>>Russian language Grade 6 >>Russian language: Numeral name as a part of speech: general meaning, morphological features, syntactic role
NUMBER AS A PART OF SPEECH: GENERAL MEANING, MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES, SYNTACTICAL ROLE
Theory
NUMERAL NAME - an independent part of speech that denotes the number, number of objects, their order in counting and answers questions How many? which?: six, sixth.
Numerals are divided into quantitative and ordinal.
quantitative numerals (in Ukrainian: kіlkіsnі numіvniki) denote the number of items ( six classes) or an abstract number ( six) and answer the question How many?
Ordinal numerals (in Ukrainian: ordinal numbers) call the serial number of objects when counting ( sixth class) and answer the question which the?
Numerals, including those in combination with nouns, can be different members of the sentence: Five yes five - ten. We studied at this school five years.
According to the structure, the numerals are divided into simple(in Ukrainian: please): five, six, one hundred and composite(in Ukrainian: folded): one thousand nine hundred and seventy six.
Practice
1. Read the text. Write out the numbers. What do they mean and what questions do they answer?
Among the ancient peoples seven considered a special number. The first book of the Old Testament says: “For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day*.” Since then, the Jews, and then the Christians, who received from them Old Testament, consider seven sacred number.
(From the encyclopedia "What is what")
rest- rest.
2. Read rows of words. Give them numbers.
Two, two-faced, two, double, double, twins, twins, double, dual, bidirectional.
Three, three, three, triangle, thirteen, trinity, three times, trio, triple, three months.
Pyatak, five, five, five, fifth, five days.
Six, six, hexagon, six, gear.
3. Form from the numeral ten related words.
N.F. Balandina, K.V. Degtyareva, S.A. Lebedenko. Russian language grade 6
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The noun is a part of speech.
The syntactic role of numerals in a sentence. (6th grade)
Goals:
- familiarization with the signs of the numeral as a part of speech(general meaning, morphological features, syntactic role in the sentence),
Distinguish numerals from other parts of speech with a numerical value;
Be able to find numbers in the text;
To develop the creative, speech and mental activity of students;
Raise interest in learning the Russian language.
During the classes
1.Org. moment.
2. Psychological preparation of students for the perception of a new topic.
Guys! Today in the lesson we continue to study the section "Morphology", we continue to get acquainted with the parts of speech.
Let's get back to the mystery. Think about how it might be related to the topic of the lesson:
(reading the epigraph, finding a clue Slide 1)
What part of speech will we learn today? - Try to guess for yourself.
Who and what are we talking about?
Many-legged riddle
Two legs on three legs
And the fourth in the teeth.
Suddenly four came running
And they ran away with one.
Two legs jumped
Grabbed three legs
Three legs screamed
Shouted to the whole house -
Yes, three by four!
But four squealed
And they ran away with one. (K. Chukovsky) answer: two legs - a boy, three legs - a stool, four legs - a dog, one leg - a chicken)
Do you know the answer? And what words helped to find the answer? Those are numbers. Or words?
(answer: two legs, three legs, four legs, one leg)
One, two, three, four - these are the words of a new part of speech, the name of which, as you rightly noted, is associated with the word "number" (we write it down on the board and in a notebook)
So, you will study numerals.
We must know ……
learn to…
(- get to know the part of speech,
Find out what the noun means
What question it answers, how it changes, the syntactic role, in what styles of speech it is used.)
Yes, today we will get acquainted with this part of speech, its meaning and syntactic role in a sentence, let's touch* on the question in which styles of language it is most often used. Other questions will be discussed in more detail in the next lessons.
At the end of the lesson, you should know the definition of the numeral and be able to find it in the text.
3. Learning new material. (in the course of studying the topic, we draw up a diagram, board, notebooks)
numeral
Quantity Order
How? Which?
five fifth
5 5
Syntactic role
Work on the definition of the name of the numeral.
We turn to the topic of the lesson: we are already familiar with nominal parts of speech. What? (noun, adjective. The name numeral is derived from the word "number" and is formed by analogy with the names of two other nominal parts of speech (noun, adjective). – in the course of working on the term, fill in the rule with gaps
NUMBERAL NAME - A PART OF SPEECH WHICH DESIGNATES ________________ OBJECTS, __________________ AND ALSO _____________ OBJECTS _________. NUMBERAL NAMES ANSWER THE QUESTIONS _________ AND _____________.
NUMBERAL NAMES CAN BE ____________________.
Define these parts of speech. What about the numeral? (an independent part of speech that means ....)
What do the nouns mean?
Proposal work. Write off, punctuate, open brackets. (written on the board) - ask questions to the numerals, find out what they mean, define the numeral, work on the syntactic role in the sentence)
Three brothers went swimming*, two are swimming*, and the third is lying on the shore*. (explain spelling and punctuation, difficult sentence, scheme.)
Conclusion: answer the question how much? Which? Indicate the number and order of items when counting. (testing ourselves in the textbook) - work on the definition ... ask 3-4 people
Let's see what member of the sentence can be a numeral (subject, definition)
Let's do exercise 83 from R.T.
Conclusion: any member of the sentence (we repeat parsing suggestions).
PHYSICAL MINUTE (video)
5. The difference between numerals and other parts of speech. observation.
What parts of speech can express numerical value? For this….
Form the following parts of speech from these numerals: verb, adjective, noun. (work in pairs)
Two - double, double, double
Three - triplet, triple, triple
Conclusion: What parts of speech can express a numerical value? (nouns, adjectives, verb)
And what is the main difference between numerals and other parts of speech?
(can be written both in numbers and in words) - performing exercise 82 from R.t.
followed by verification)
6. Consolidation of theoretical material.
Define numeral. What part of the sentence can be a numeral.
7. Work with text (printed out for each student). The ability to find numbers in the text. Determine the role of numerals in the text (accuracy).
good tree
Whom will you surprise with a birch? Look out the window in the city, whether in the countryside, everywhere you will see a birch tree in your attire two the main colors of Russian nature: the greenery of the meadows and the whiteness of the snow-covered fields.
Another birch is kind to people. In ancient times, people called it a tree four affairs: first business is to illuminate the world, second - Maintain cleanliness third - silence the cry fourth - Heal the sick. The lightest is a birch torch. Birch broom in the bath "keep cleanliness." The creak of the cart was quieted by birch tar. From all sorts of ailments, an infusion of birch buds treated.
What a native, warm, faithful tree!
Y. Krutogorov
Text analysis:
Does the title indicate the topic or the main idea?
Determine the type of speech, style (reasoning, journalistic)
Are there nouns in the text? Name them.
(we find out how many useful properties at the birch!)
Write down the sentence "In ancient times ..."
Determine the syntactic role of numerals.
. Write out sentences that have numerals, underline the numerals as members of the sentence.
feathered clock
(According to. M. Demenyuk)
8*. Independent work(test) - printout. Circle the correct answer.
The test offers you 5 tasks, each with 4 possible answers, you need to circle the correct answer.
1. Indicate the correct statement
A) A numeral is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and its order in counting.
B) The numeral is an independent part of speech, which denotes the number of objects, the number, as well as the order of objects when counting.
C) the noun is service unit speech, which indicates the number of objects, the number, as well as the order of objects when counting.
D) A numeral is an independent part of speech that denotes a sign of an object.
2. What member of the sentence can be a numeral?
A) subject and predicate
B) minor member suggestions
B) circumstance and addition
D) a different member of the proposal
3. Indicate the line in which there are only numerals answering the question how much?
A) six hundred, forty-two, three
B) second, twenty-two, nine
B) fifth, sixth, fortieth
D) one hundred, fifteen, fiftieth
4. Indicate the line where only numbers are written
A) seven-year-old, six-string, double
B) first, eight, thirty
C) sixth grader, five, seven
D) ten, twenty-three, three times
Let's make a self-test, correct the mistakes, if any, put a mark: if there are no errors - "5", one mistake - "4", two mistakes - "3", if there are no more mistakes, don't set yourself anything, you still need to practice. Waiting on Thursday for those who made mistakes (many)
I see that you have learned a lot about the numeral today. Did we reach the goal of the lesson?
Reflection
- What I found out .... Remembered...
Of course, you guys have long been familiar with figures and numbers. Every day you are faced with a huge number of different numbers. And at home, when, for example, you watch TV (channel one, channel two, third, and so on), and at school, and especially in math classes, and even on the street, we are all surrounded by numbers and numbers. We can find a person if we know the address (house number and apartment number), in big city at the bus stop we will wait for the bus of the exact number that we need.
And imagine what would happen if there were not a single number in our world ...
(wouldn’t know what year it is and what date, how old each of us is, we wouldn’t be able to buy anything in the store, because there would be no prices, money, and there wouldn’t be shops either. We would lose such a concept as time : would not know the history, events when the discoveries took place)
As you can see, people without numbers would not be able to live and work normally.
Counting arose in ancient times, and people counted on the fingers of their hands. There was a time when the count reached only four - according to the number of outstretched four fingers. Then came the count of fives. With the development of life, counting improved, and, finally, a modern count appeared - in tens.
8. Homework: linguistic fairy tale (creative, texts printed out) or 5-6 proverbs in which there are numerals, explain the meaning of 2-3 proverbs, determine the syntactic role in sentences.
linguistic fairy tale.
Numerals love counting! Not immediately, a person learned to count and created a numeral. Of all the parts of speech, this is the youngest.
Do you want to hear how the Numeral was first put forward by other parts of speech? Unfortunately, we got to the end of their conversation.
Who is in favor of this proposal, please raise your hand, - said the Chairman. - Noun, count the number of votes.
Someone shouted: “A lot!”, and the noun picked up:
A lot of!
You didn't count! Or do you not want to count?
Comrade Chairman, - the Verb interceded, - a noun cannot count in order, it has a singular, denoting one object, and a plural with the meaning of an indefinite set.
But then who will count our votes? - the Chairman was upset.
Numeral!!! the room sighed in unison.
Here, it turns out, what an important part of speech is the Numeral.
V. Volina
On the basis of a linguistic fairy tale, write an essay - a miniature "This important part of speech ...".
