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BON GIORNO, CARI AMICHI!

We proceed to the fourth lesson, during which we will deepen our knowledge in every possible way Italian!

This time let's talk about time. The most common words characterizing this category are: YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW and NOW.

• IERI- YESTERDAY, read "Jeri"
• OGGI- TODAY, read "Oji"
• DOMANI- TOMORROW, read "Domani"
• ADESSO- NOW, NOW, AT THE MOMENT, "Adesso" is read

• IERI HO LAVORATO, OGGI NON LAVORO- YESTERDAY I WORKED, AND TODAY I DO NOT WORK

Numerals

The numeral ONE is masculine and female, all other numerals go in impersonal form.

• UNO- ONE ("Uno")
• UNA- ONE ("Una")
• DUE- TWO ("Due")
• TRE- THREE ("Three")
• QUATTRO- FOUR ("Quattro")
• CINQUE- FIVE ("Chinkue")
• SEI- SIX ("Sei")
• SETTE- SEVEN ("Sette")
• OTTO- EIGHT ("Otto")
• NOVE- NINE ("New")
• DIECI- TEN (“Diechi”)
• UNDICI- ELEVEN ("Undichi")
• DODICI- TWELVE ("Dodichi")

With such a set of numerals, the traveler will be able to find out what time it is.

• CHE ORA?- WHAT TIME IS IT NOW? ("Ke Ora E")

Noun ORA ends with BUT, which is a sign of the feminine gender, so in the plural it will look like: ORE-WATCH. To answer the question "What time is it?" Italians use the pronoun SONO- THEY and the article LE, characteristic of the feminine plural.

Example:

• SONO LE DUE- NOW TWO HOURS ("Sono Le Due")
• À LA UNA (L'UNA)- NOW ONE HOUR ("E Moon")
• LA- singular feminine.
• ALL DUE- IN TWO HOURS
• CHE COSA TU FAI OGGI ALLE 5?- WHAT ARE YOU DOING AT 5 TODAY?

If you want to ask the time more precisely, use the word MEZZO- HALF, read "Medzo".

Example:

• DOMANI ALLE 12 NOI IMPARIAMO L’ITALIANO- TOMORROW AT 12 WE WILL STUDY ITALIAN.
• IERI SERA ALLE NOVEIO HO MANFIATO CON MIO AMICO- YESTERDAY EVENING I ate TOGETHER WITH MY FRIEND
• OGGI ALLE 9IO VOGLIO PARLARE CON MIA MADRE- TODAY AT 9 I WILL TALK TO MY MOM
• IERI SERA ALLE 7IO HO ASCOLTATO LA MUSICA- YESTERDAY AT 7 P.M. I MADE MUSIC
• STASERAIO VADO AL CINEMA ALLE 8- IN THE EVENING I WILL GO TO THE CINEMA AT 8 o'clock
• IERI ALLE 9 IO HO PASSEGGIATO CON MIO CANE- YESTERDAY AT 8 I WALKED MY DOG
• IERI sera ALLE 9 E MEZZO IO HO IMPARATO ITALLIANO CON MIA MADRE- YESTERDAY AT 9:30 PM I LEARNED ITALIAN WITH MY MOTHER
• OGGI SERA ALLE 11IO RIPETO NOSTRA LEZIONE- TONIGHT AT 11 I WILL REPEAT OUR LESSON

Possessive pronouns

MY MY

• MIO- MY ("Mio")
• MIA- MY ("Mia")

Example:

• MIA FAMIGLIA- MY FAMILY ("Mia Famiglia")

family members

• PADRE- FATHER
• MADRE— MOTHER
• FRATELLO- BRAT ("Fratello")
• SORELLA- SISTER ("Sorella")
• MARITO- HUSBAND ("Marito")
• MOGLIE- WIFE ("Mollier")
• GENITORI- PARENTS ("Jenitori")
• NONNO- GRANDFATHER
• NONNA- GRANDMOTHER
• Zio- UNCLE ("Jio")
• ZIA- NTNZ ("Jia")
• MIA GENITORI- MY PARENTS

Example:

• MIO FRATELLO- MY BROTHER
• MIA SORELLA- MY SISTER
• DOVE ABITANO TOUI GENITORI?- WHERE DO YOUR PARENTS LIVE?

YOURS / YOURS

• TUO- YOUR ("Tuo")
• TUA- YOUR ("Tua")

Example:

• TUO PADRE- YOUR FATHER
• TUA MADRE- YOUR MOTHER

HIS HER

As for the pronouns HIS / HER, if they are used, the gender is determined by the noun, i.e. it is necessary to raise the question "Who belongs to HIM / HER". For example:

• SUO PADRE- HIS/HER FATHER ("Suo Padre")

Who belongs to HIM/HER? Father - masculine, Consequently - SUO.

• SUA MADRE- HIS/HER MOTHER ("Sua Madre")

Mother is feminine, so we use the pronoun SUA.

OUR/OUR

• NOSTO- OUR ("Nostro")
• NOSTRA- OUR ("Nostra")

Example:

• NOSTRO PADRE- OUR FATHER
• NOSTRA MADRE- OUR MOTHER

YOURS / YOURS

• VOSTRO- YOUR ("Vostro")
• VOSTRA- VASHA (Vostra)
• LORO- IH ("Loro")

Plural pronouns

MY

• MIEI, MIE- MY ("Miei, Mie")

Example:

• MIEI FRTELLI- MY BROTHERS (masculine, plural)
• MIE SORELLE- MY SISTERS (feminine, plural)

The use of a masculine or feminine pronoun is determined by the gender of the nouns used.

YOUR

• TUOI, TUE- YOUR ("Tuoi, Tue")

Example:

• TUOI FRATELLI- YOUR BROTHERS
• TUE SORELLE- YOUR SISTERS

HIS HER

• SUOI, SUE- HIS, HER ("Suoi, Sue")

Example:

• SUOI FRATELLI- HIS/HER BROTHERS
• SUE SORELLE- HIS/HER SISTERS

OUR

• NOSTRI, NOSTRE- OUR ("Nostri, Nostre")

Example:

• NOSTRI FRATELLI- OUR BROTHERS
• NOSTRE SORELLE- OUR SISTERS

YOUR

• VOSTRI, VOSTRE- VASHI ("Vostri, Vostre")

Example:

• VOSTRI FRATELLI- YOUR BROTHERS
• VOSTRE SORELLE- YOUR SISTERS

THEM

• LORO- THEM

Example:

• LORO FRATELLI- THEIR BROTHERS
• LORO SORELLE- THEIR SISTERS

Adverbs

NECESSARY

• BISOGNA- NADO ("Bison")

Examples:

• BISOGNA FARE- MUST BE DONE
• BISOGNA PARLARE- SHOULD SPEAK
• BISOGNA MANGIARE- MUST EAT
• BISOGNA LAVORARE- NEED TO WORK
• BISOGNA DORMIRE- NEED SLEEP
• IO PENSO CHE ADESSO BISOGNA MANGIARE- I THINK IT IS NOW TO EAT

Recall the mechanism for the formation of the past tense in verbs of the correct form. If the present tense verb ends in -ARE (PARLARE), then the past tense is formed by adding the ending to the root -ATO (PARLATO). If the verb ends with -ERE (VENDERE), then in the past tense it will look like: root plus ending -UTO (VENDUTO). Verbs whose indefinite form ends in -IRE (DORMIRE) past tense ending in -ITO (DORMITO).

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This site is dedicated to self-learning Italian from scratch. We will try to make it the most interesting and useful for everyone who is interested in this beautiful language and, of course, Italy itself.

Interesting about the Italian language.
History, facts, modernity.
Let's start with a few words about the current status of the language, it is obvious that Italian is official language in Italy, the Vatican (simultaneously with Latin), in San Marino, but also in Switzerland (in its Italian part, the canton of Ticino) and in several districts in Croatia and Slovenia, where a large Italian-speaking population lives, Italian is also spoken by some of the inhabitants on the island of Malta.

Italian dialects - can we understand each other?

In Italy itself, even today you can hear many dialects, sometimes it is enough to drive only a few tens of kilometers to encounter another of them.
At the same time, dialects are often so different from each other that they may seem completely different languages. If people from, for example, the northern and central Italian "outback" meet, then they may not even be able to understand each other.
What is especially interesting is that some dialects have, in addition to oral form, also written, such are the Neopolitan, Venetian, Milanese and Sicilian dialects.
The latter exists, respectively, on the island of Sicily and is so different from other dialects that some researchers distinguish it as a separate Sardinian language.
However, in everyday communication and, in particular, major cities you are unlikely to experience any inconvenience, because. today the dialects are mainly spoken by older people in rural areas, while young people use the correct language that unites all Italians. literary language, the language of radio and, of course, television.
It may be mentioned here that until the end of the Second World War, modern Italian was only a written language used ruling class, scientists and in administrative institutions, and it was television that played a big role in spreading the generally accepted Italian language among all residents.

How it all began, origins

The history of the formation of modern Italian as we all know it is closely connected with the history of Italy and certainly no less fascinating.
Origins - in Ancient Rome, everything was in the Roman language, commonly known as Latin, which at that time was the official official language Roman Empire. In the future, from Latin, in fact, the Italian language and many other languages ​​\u200b\u200bof Europe arose.
Therefore, knowing Latin, you will be able to understand what a Spaniard is saying, plus or minus the Portuguese, and you can even make out part of the speech of an Englishman or Frenchman.
In 476, the last Roman emperor Romulus-Augustula abdicated, after the capture of Rome by the leader of the Germans Odoacar, this date is considered the end of the Great Roman Empire.
Some also call it the end of the "Roman language", however, even today disputes still do not subside, because of what exactly Latin language lost its relevance, due to the capture of the Roman Empire by the barbarians, or was it a natural process, and what language was actually spoken by the end of the Roman Empire.
According to one of the versions, ancient rome by this time, along with Latin, it was already common colloquial and it is from this folk language of Rome that the Italian that we know as Italian of the 16th century comes from, according to the second version, in connection with the invasion of the barbarians, Latin mixed with various barbarian languages ​​and dialects, and it is from this synthesis that the Italian language already originates .

Birthday - first mentioned

960 is considered the birthday of the Italian language. Associated with this date is the first document where this "proto- vernacular"- vulgare, these are court papers related to the land litigation of the Benedictine abbey, the witnesses used this particular version of the language so that the testimony was understandable to as many people as possible, until now we can only see Latin in all official papers.
And then there was a gradual spread in the ubiquitous life of the vulgare language, which translates as a folk language, which became the prototype of the modern Italian language.
However, the story does not end there, but only becomes more interesting and the next stage is associated with the Renaissance and with such well-known names as Dante Alighiere, F. Petrarch, J. Bocaccio and others.
to be continued...

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One of the best courses for beginners. I started various tutorials and audio courses, but didn’t move at all until I watched this course. And after that, tutorials and audio courses went :).

Brief summary of the first 13 lessons

Lesson 1.

Conjugation of regular verbs
parlare - to speak
io parlo - I say
tu parli - you speak
lui, lei, lei parla - he, she, you say
noi parliamo - we speak
voi parlate - you speak
loro pArlano - they say

More regular verbs
abitare - to live
ascoltare - listen
amare - to love
guardare - watch
mangiare - to eat
giocare - play
lavorare - to work
imparare - to teach

Negative form of the verb
Io non parlo - I don't speak

Interrogative form(only intonation changes)
Io parlo? - I say?

Irregular verb AVERE - to have
io ho - I have, etc.
tu hai
lui, lei, lei ha
noi abbiamo
voi avete
loro hanno

Past tense
Io ho parlato
Tu hai parlato
Lui ha parlato
etc.

negative past tense
Io no ho parlato

Question words
chi - who
che cosa - what
dove - where
quando - when
perche - why
come - how
quanto - how much

Examples
Chi parla? - Who's talking?
Che cosa manga? - What do you eat?
Che cosa hai mangato? - What did you eat?
Dove tu abiti? - Where do you live?
Quando tu lavori? - When do you work?
Chi non lavora, non mangia - Who does not work does not eat

Lesson 2

Words to start a conversation
buon giorno - good afternoon
buona sera - good evening
buona notte - good night
arrivederci - goodbye
piacere - nice
Come sta? - How are you?
Come stay? - How are you?
Io sto bene - I feel good
molto bene - very good
male - bad
cosi-cosi - so-so
grazie - thank you
prego please
scusi - I beg your pardon (scusare - to excuse)
un po" - a little

Irregular verb ESSERE - to be
io sono
tu sei
lui, lei, lei e"
noi siamo
voi siete loro sono

Prepositions, allied words
a - in
e-and
o - or
ma - but, well
si - yes
no - no
se - if
con - with

Irregular verb FARE- to do
io faccio
tu fai
lui, lei, lei fa
noi facciamo
voi fate
loro fanno

Words and expressions
questo - this, this
Moscow - Moscow
mi chiamo - my name is
Come ti chiami? - What is your name?
regista - director
scrittore - writer
attore - actor
attrice - actress
cantante - singer
cantare - to sing
lasciare - to allow
lasciate mi cantare - let me sing
tutto - everything

Lesson 3

New verbs
sperare - to hope
aiutare - to help
insegnare - to teach
provare - try, try, try on, rehearse
cercare - search
trovare - to find
persare - to think

Analogy with Russian
"ct" --> tt (actor - attore)
"x" - no such letter
-ge, -gi --> -ge, -gi
-tion --> -zione (nation - nazione)
-sia --> -sione (illusion - illusione)
-ssia --> -ssione (profession - proffessione)
-al --> -ale (ideal - ideale)
-ive --> -ive (effective)
-ic, -ic --> -ico (logical - logicalo)
And there are about 50 thousand similar words

Irregular verb VOLERE - to want
io voglio
tu vuoi
lui, lei, lei vuole
noi vogliamo
voi volete
loro voglio

Irregular verb SAPERE - to know, to be able
io so
tu sai
lui, lei, lei sa
noi sappiamo
voi sapete
loro sanno

Plural
-o --> -i (masculine)
-a --> -e (feminine)
italiano - italiani (Italian - Italians)
italiana - italiane (Italian - Italian)

Russo - russi, russa - russe (Russians)

Libro - libri (book-books, male)
casa - case (home-home, female)
figlia - figlie (daughter-daughters)
figlio - figlii (son-sons)
amica-amiche (girlfriend-girlfriends)

New words and expressions
mi piace - i like it
ti piace - do you like it
non mi piace - I don't like it
Che ti piace fare? - What do you like to do?

Examples
chi cerca, trova - whoever seeks will find
io non so che cosa fare - I don't know what to do
io voglio cantare - I want to sing
io so cantare molto bene - I can sing very well
io voglio parlare di questo - I want to talk about it
mi piace la cucina italiana - I like italian food

Lesson 4

Count up to 12
uno/una - 1
due-2
tre-3
quattro-4
cinque-5
sei-6
sette-7
otto-8
nove-9
dieci-10
undici [Undici] - 11
dodici [dodichi] - 12

Time
ieri - yesterday
oggi-today
domani - tomorrow
adesso - now, now, at the moment
ora - hour
Che ora e"? - What time is it?
Sono le due (tre) - It's two (three) o'clock now
E "l" una - It's 1 o'clock now. (la una --> l "una)
Alle due - at two o'clock (a le --> alle)
mezzo [medzo] - half

family members
family
padre - father
madre - mom
figlio - son
figlia - daughter
fratello - brother
sorella - sister
marito - husband
moglie - wife
genitori - parents
nonno - grandfather
nonna - grandma
zio (dzio) - uncle
zia - aunt

Possessive pronouns
singular male - singular female - plural male - plural female
mio - mia - miei - mie - my
duo - dua - tuoi - tue - yours
suo - sua - suoi - sue - his/her
nostro - nostra - nostri - nostre - our
vostro - vostra - vostri - vostre - yours
loro - them

In him/her there is a difference from the Russian language:
Suo padre - his or her father
Sua madre - his or her mother

Examples for all pronouns:
mio padre - my father
mia madre - my mother
miei fratelli - my brothers
mie sorelle - my sisters

New words
bisogna - it is necessary (bisogna fare - it is necessary to do, bisogna dormire - it is necessary to sleep)
vender - to sell

Past tense formation from regular verbs
parlare - parlato
dormire - dormito
vendere - venduto

Examples
Noi mangiamo alle due - Let's eat at 2 o'clock
Che tu fai oggi alle 5? - What are you doing today at 5 o'clock?
Alle cinque e mezzo - at 5.30
Ieri sera alle nove io ho mangiato con mi amico - Last night at 9 o'clock I ate with my friend
Penso che adesso bisogna mangiare con miei amici - I think it's time to eat with friends
Domani alle dodici noi impariamo l "italiano - Tomorrow at 12 we will learn Italian
Ieri sera alle sette io ho ascoltato la musika - Last night at 7 o'clock I was listening to music

Lesson 5

Regular verbs in -ire and -ere
Difference from -are verbs only in 3rd person singular
parlare - lui, lei parla
dormire - lui, lei dorme
vedere - lui, lei vede
The rest of the conjugations are the same as for -are.

In the past tense, exceptions are very common, but on average:
-are --> -ate
-ire --> -ite
-ere --> -uto

New words
vedere (past tense - visto) - to see (and guardare - to look)
rispondere (past tense risposto) - to answer
domandare - to ask
aprire (past time aperto) - open
chiudere (past tense chiuso) - close
sentire - hear, feel (hence the word sentimental)
prendere (past time preso) - take
chiamare - call, call, call (on the phone)
chiedere (past tense chiesto) - to ask

La porta - door (for memorization - portal)
la finestra - window (for memorization - in German fenster)
il letto - bed

Indirect forms of pronouns
mi - me
ti - you
lo - his
la - her
ci - us
vi - you
li / le - their masculine / feminine gender (if at least one man in the company, all male gender will be)

Examples
Tu mi vedi - You see me
Io ti vedo - I see you
Io non ti vedo - I don't see you
Io ti amo - I love you
Lui la ama, ma lei non lo ama - He loves her, but she does not love him
Ti ho visto - I saw you
Dove ti ho visto? - Where did I see you?

Numerals
13-tredici
14-quattordici
15 - Quindici
16-sedici
17- diciassette
18 - diciotto
19 - diciannove
20 - venti
30 - trenta
40 - quaranta (from this word came the word quarantine)
50 - cinquanta
60 - sessanta
70-settanta
80-ottanta
90 - novanta
100 cento
200 - duecento
300-trecento
etc
1000 - mille
2000 - duemila
21-ventuno

Anno-year
mese - month

Io ho ventuno anni - I'm 21 years old
Mio figlio ha tre mesi - My son is three months old

Lesson 6

Verbs of motion

andare - go, go (somewhere), past tense andato
io vado
tu vai
lui, lei va
noi andiamo
voi andate
loro vanno

Venire - come, arrive (from somewhere), past tense venuto
io vengo
tu vieni
lui, lei viene
noi veniamo
voi venite
loro vengono

Dove wai? - Where are you going?
Quando tu vieni? - When will you come?

Past tense of the verb essere- status(was). It also belongs to the group of verbs of motion.

Verbs of motion in the past tense are formed using the verb ESSERE (and not avere, like other verbs) and the gender of the speaker is taken into account

Io sono andato - I went, Io sono andata - I went, Noi siamo andati (or andate)
Tu sei venuto - you came
Io sono stato - I was (somewhere)

Benvenuto! - Welcome! (to the Benvenuta woman, Benvenuti company)

Volta-time
la prima volta - first time
per la prima volta - for the first time
una volta - once
Io sono stata in Italia molte volte - I have been to Italy many times
Io non sono stata in Italia ma voglio moltissimo - I have not been to Italy, but I really want to

Citta "- city (in the plural, too, citta." All nouns ending in stressed ta behave in the same way)

Non solo - not only
ancora- still
gia" - already
non poco - not enough

Piace (prev. piaciuto)
mi e" piaciuto - I liked it

Kansone - song
decidere (deciso) - to decide
incontrare - meet
aspettare - to wait
allora - then, well

Lesson 7

Reflexive verbs

find-trovare
stay-trovarsi

I find - io trovo
I am - io mi trovo

Alzarsi - to rise
lavarsi - to wash oneself
innamorarsi - to fall in love
svegliarsi - wake up
chiamarsi - to be called
riposarsi - to rest
addormentarsi - to go to bed, fall asleep

Addormentati - Fall asleep
Svegliati - wake up
Riposati - Rest
Alzati - Get up

Row irregular verbs ending in -ire

Capire - to understand
io capisco
ti capisci
lui, lei capisce
noi capiamo
voi capite
loro capiscono
past time capito

Similar:
finire - to finish
preferire - to prefer
pulire - to clean
react - react

More new words:
rider - to laugh
foresta - forest
male - get sick
mal di testa - headache
mal di denti - toothache
compleanno - birthday
matrimonio - marriage
nozze - wedding
sposarsi - to marry

And expressions:
Che hai fatto ieri? What did you do yesterday?
Lui ha avuto compleanno - It was his birthday
Mi sono riposato - I rested

Lesson 8

passeggiare - to walk
vero - true
io sono nata - I was born
Dove sei nata? -Where were you born?

Colors
colore - color
che colore - what color
grigio - gray
nero - black
rosso - red, red
azzurro - blue
bianco - white
violetto - violet
giallo - yellow
verde - green

tutto-everything
qualcosa - something, something, something
niente - nothing

tutti-everything
qualcuno - someone
nessuno - nobody

semper - always
a volte, qualche volta - sometimes
mai - never

Io so tutto
io non so niente
non c "e nessuno - there is no one

Gusto - taste
gusti sono gusti - tastes differ

Giusta - correct
non e "ora giusta - not yet time

C "e - there is, there is
ci sono - have

Qui ci sono 9 persone - There are 9 people here
C "e una problema - There is a problem
C "e tutta in Grecia - Greece has everything

Lesson 9

All reflexive verbs are used essere to form the past tense.

Io mi chiamo - my name is
Io mi sono chiamato - my name was

Time
mattina - morning
giorno - day
sera - evening
notte - night
mezzanotte - midnight
mezzogiorno - noon

Answer to the question When? using the article di
di notte - at night
di sera - in the evening

Time
settimana - week
lunedi" - Monday (moon day)
martedi" - Tuesday (day of Mars)
mercoledi" - Wednesday (Mercury day)
giovedi" - Thursday (day of Zeus)
venerdi" - Friday (Venus day)
sabato - saturday
domenica - sunday

La scorca settimana - last week
questa settimana - this week, this week
la prossima settimana - next week

Anno - anni - year - years
mese-mesi - month-months
gennaio - january
febbraio - february
marzo - March
april - april
maggio - May
giugno - june
luglio - july
agosto - august
settembre - september
ottobre - october
novembre - november
dicembre - december

Mio compleanno e "il ventiquadro ottobre - my birthday is October 24th
Io sono nata il ventiquadro ottobre - I was born on October 24th
Quando sei nata (nato)? - When were you born (born)?
Dove tu sei nato? - Where you were born?

Primavera - spring
estate - summer
autumn
winter

Di primavera - in spring
d" estate - in summer
etc.

Secolo - century

Irregular verb POTERE - to be able
(as a noun potere - strength, power, power, orb)
io posso
tu puoi
lui, lei puo"
noi possiamo
voi potete
loro possono
past potuto

Possibile - possible
impossibile - impossible

Si puo" - you can
non si puo" - it is impossible

Bere - drink (the verb is almost correct. The letter v has disappeared in the indefinite form)
io bevo
tu bevi
lui, lei beve
noi beviamo
voi bevete
loro bevono
past bevuto

Yesterday I couldn't sleep - Ieri sera io non ho potuto addormentarmi
You can't smoke here - Qui non si puo" fumare
This can be understood - Questo si puo "capire
When can you come? - Quando tu puoi venire?

Lesson 10

tra (or fra) - through
fa - back

Tra tre giorni - in three days
tre giorni fa - three days ago

Application of the verb fare - to do(past tense fatto)

Fare colazione - have breakfast
fare pranzo - to dine
fare cena - to have dinner

Quando noi facciamo pranzo? - What time do we have lunch?
Oggi ho fatto colazione - V

About weather

fa caldo - heat
fa freddo - cold
weather - tempo
Che tempo fa? - What's the weather like?

Oggi fa caldo - It's warm today
Ieri ha fatto freddo - It was cold yesterday

Io ho caldo - I'm warm
hai freddo? - Are you cold?

Te" freddo - iced tea
te "caldo - warm tea

Lesson 11

Prepositions

con - c
senza - without
in - in (when to the country)
a - in (when to the city)
da - from (movement from somewhere), to (towards a person)
di - belonging
per - in order to

Io vado da Rome - I'm coming from Rome
io vado da Lena - I'm going to Lena
amico di fratello - brother's friend

Pronoun form used with a preposition
io - me
tu-te
the rest are unchanged
io parlo con te - I'm talking to you
io parlo con lui - I talk to him

Form of pronouns used without a preposition (already happened before)
io - mi
tu-ti
lui-lo
lei-la
noi-ci
voi - vi
loro-li, le

Irregular verbs dare - to give and dire - to speak

Dire (prev. BP - dato)
io do
tu dai
lui, lei da
voi diamo
voi date
loro danno

Dire (prev. detto)
io dico
tu dici
lui, lei dice
noi diciamo
voi dite
loro dicono

Detto - fatto - said and done
Dimm - Tell me
Dammi - Give me

New words
incontrare - to meet (incontrarsi - to meet)
peccato - sorry
purtroppo - unfortunately
ufficcio - office
poi - later
dopo - after (something)
facile - easy
difficile - difficult

Lesson 12

adjectives

Bello - beautiful
alto-basso - high - low
vecchio-giovane-nuovo - old-young (emphasis on o)-new
lungo-corto - long-short (lunghi - long)
caldo-freddo - hot-cold
giusto-sbagliato - correct-incorrect
allegro-triste - cheerful-sad
destra-sinistra - right-left

Molto-piu" - much more
poco-meno - little or less
piu "o meno - more or less

Lui e "piu" alto di me - He is taller than me

Bene-meglio - good is better
male-peggio - bad, worse
Meglio tardi che mai - Better late than never

Appearance

capelli - hair
occhi - eyes
taliare - cut, trim
naso - nose
la testa - head
le mani - hands (but una mano - one hand)

New words
ogni - each, each
prezzo - price
qualita" - quality
amico-nemico - friend-foe
bellezza - beauty

10 words that are most often used in songs in all languages
1. amore
2. vita - life
3. cuore - heart
4. anima - soul
5.occhi
6. cansone
7.felice
8. triste
9.tu
10.io

Lesson 13

a proposito - by the way
regione - reason
essere d "accordo - to agree
forse - maybe
avere paura di - to be afraid of something
questo e "vero? - is it true?
zitto - shut up, be quiet
Se non e "vero e" ben trovato - If it's not true, then it's well thought out
viaggare - to travel
paese - country
anche - too
nuatare - to bathe
mare - sea
abbronzarsi - to sunbathe
nuocere - to harm
questo nuoce is harmful
montagna - mountain
insieme - together
piove - it's raining
troppo - too
noioso - boring
sciare - to ski
pattinare - to skate
viceversa - vice versa