Union - service unit speech that connects homogeneous members, simple sentences as part of a complex one, as well as sentences in a text.

Conjunctions are simple, for example: and, but, when, if In some cases, the concretizer connected to a simple union becomes a component of a compound union: namely, and also. compound for example: because; not only but; because; as if A typical way of concretizing subordinating conjunctions is to combine them with prepositional combinations, for example: after, in view of the fact that, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, not like that, like that; as a result of such a connection, a compound union is formed;

In addition to concretizers that are directly connected to the union, correlates take part in the formation of the connection between words and sentences - service elements that are positionally not connected with the union, forming with it a double allied connection. They differ: 1) semantically non-specialized correlates then, so (if - then, if - so), indicating only the syntactic connection of sentences, and 2) specialized correlates: then, here (colloquial), means to know (simple), therefore, therefore (simple.) Both of them can be used together, forming a composite correlate, within which a component with a specialized meaning takes the position of a qualifier: (if) - then; (if) means; (because) - then therefore; (times) - so be it.

Unions are divided into coordinating and subordinating. 1. Coordinating conjunctions connect homogeneous members and simple sentences equal in meaning in the composition complex sentence which is called compound. 2. Subordinating conjunctions connect simple sentences in a complex sentence, which is called a complex sentence. In such a complex sentence, one is subordinate in meaning to another, that is, one can raise a question from one sentence to another.

A comma between simple sentences in an allied complex sentence A comma is placed between simple sentences in an allied complex sentence.

Coordinating unions By meaning, coordinating unions are divided into three groups: 1. connecting: and, yes (=and), not only - but also, how - so and; 2. adversative: a, but yes (= but), however (same), but 3. divisive: or, either this - that, not that - not that.

Note: Parts of some compound unions(like - - and, not only - - but also, not that - not that, etc.) are located with different homogeneous members or in different parts of a complex sentence. A comma is placed before the second part of such unions, for example: It either rained with snow, or snow with rain.

Subordinating unions By meaning, subordinating unions are 1. causal (because, because, since, in view of the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc.), 2. target (to (to) , in order to, so that, etc.), 3. temporary (when, barely, only, while, etc.), 4. conditional (if, if, once, whether, how soon, etc.), 5. comparative (as if, as if, as if, exactly, etc.), 6. explanatory (what, to, how, etc.).

Note: In a sentence with an explanatory conjunction, as from the first part of the complex sentence to the second, you can raise the question of the indirect case.

Consolidated spelling unions also, too, so that Unions also, too, so that (to) are written together. They should be distinguished from combinations in the same way (adverb with a particle), the same as (pronouns with particles). In these combinations, the particles, as a rule, can be omitted or rearranged to another place. Unions can also be replaced by the union and, and the union to can be replaced by a compound union in order to. The father also (=and) studied at the institute (it cannot be omitted). The son studied as well as the father (you can also omit it).

Unions are:

• simple - consisting of one word (how, so that, when, etc.);
• compound - consisting of two or more words (due to the fact that, while, due to the fact that, etc.).

Unions are divided into:

• coordinative - connect homogeneous members and equal simple sentences as part of a complex (and, then);
• subordinate - bind in complex sentence simple sentences, one of which is subordinate to the second in meaning (to, when, because).

The coordinating and subordinating, in turn, are divided into groups.

Composing:

• connecting - and, yes (in the meaning of and), not only .. but also, how .. and;
• adversative - a, but, yes (meaning but), but even, but;
• dividing - or, or .. or, either, then .. that, not that .. not that.

Subordinate:

• causal - because, because, since, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc .;
• target - so that, so that, in order to, in order to, etc .;
• temporary - when, only, just, while, barely, etc .;
• conditional - if, once, how soon, etc.;
• comparative - as if, as if, as if, exactly, etc .;
• explanatory - what, to, how, etc.;
• concessive - despite the fact that, although, no matter how, etc.

Examples

Subordinating conjunctions

Causal
We all must love our fatherland, because here we received life, for the first time we saw the light (A.N. Tolstoy).
Target
To fall in love with music, one must first of all listen to it (D. Shostakovich).
Temporary
Everything was ready when the familiar stooped figure of the teacher (N. Garin-Mikhailovsky) appeared at the end of the corridor.
Conditional
How well all the people in the world could live, if they only wanted to, if they only understood! (A. Fadeev).
Comparative
Nature must be protected, as we protect the very life of man (K. Paustovsky). Thick fog, like cotton wool, lay throughout the forest (V. Arseniev).
Explanatory
Vladimir saw with horror that he was driving into an unfamiliar forest (A. Pushkin).
concessions
An irresistible, although quiet force attracted me (I. Turgenev). In the steppe it was quiet, overcast, although the sun has risen (A. Chekhov).

Coordinating conjunctions

Connecting
The stars fade and go out (N. Nekrasov). The grass is also full of transparent tears, and the thunder rumbles in the distance (A. Blok). Water is not only the most common, but also the most important liquid in nature (I. Petryakov).
opposing
There is a short but marvelous time in the initial autumn (F. Tyutchev). A hot face with anguish was looking for the wind, but there was no wind (I. Turgenev).
Dividing
Or are you weary, my friend, like a howling storm, or are you dozing under the buzz of your spindle? (A. Pushkin). Clubs of either mist or small splashes are rushing (S. Mikhalkov).

The union is a service part of speech, which serves as a link between homogeneous members of a sentence as part of a simple sentence, as well as for parts of a complex sentence, or individual parts of the text.

For example: He liked to walk through the snowy forest, through the fields, through the meadows. The sun was still quite high above the horizon, and the air was already filled with the intoxicating smell of the night.

Union as a part of speech

The location of the union in the sentence can be very diverse: it can both open the sentence and be located inside the sentence itself.

For example: And Ekaterina, and Elena, and Olga - all went in for sports. We immediately realized that the unfortunate old man was tormented by hunger.

The union never indicates objects and phenomena of reality in a sentence, but only helps to build a relationship between them.

Conjunctions can very often be confused with pronouns and adverbs, which often act as allied words.

For example: I told my sister that (union) I would go to the opera house today. I told my mother what (union word) we did at the institute today.

Union classification

Depending on the structure, unions are of two types: simple (as if, as) and compound (in order to, since). By origin, non-derivatives (a, one hundred, but, or, and) and derivative unions (but, so that, because, also) are distinguished.

According to the structure of use, unions are divided into three main types: repeated, single and non-repeating.

By the nature of syntactic relations, unions are divided into coordinating and subordinating. Coordinating conjunctions are those unions that connect equal components of a sentence.

Subordinating conjunctions combine unequal parts of a sentence, and also indicate their dependence. Also, subordinating conjunctions connect homogeneous and heterogeneous members of sentences. For example: In summer, the day is much longer than the night.

Sample morphological parsing of conjunctions in a sentence

We all jumped out of the house, but again the suddenness: the noise of many voices was heard, which meant that the chairman did not return alone, this was very mysterious, since he did not warn us about the visitors.

Analyzing this sentence, we see that the first union “but” belongs to the category of coordinating, simple unions, which connects parts of a complex sentence.

The union “because” is subordinating, simple, connects parts of a complex sentence. Union "what" - subordinating, simple, connecting parts of a complex sentence.

Unions are words of the service part of speech, which serve to connect homogeneous members of a simple sentence and parts of a complex sentence - compound and complex: Old age walks cautiously and looks suspiciously (P.); Everyone knew her, and no one noticed (P.); He realized that the story still needs to be completed so as not to arouse even more suspicion (Greene).
By structure, unions are divided into simple and compound.
Simple unions(non-derivatives and, but, but also others and derivatives when, if, etc.) are indivisible and inconsistent in modern Russian with significant parts of speech. Compound unions, for example: while, because, since, etc., correlative with nouns, pronouns and adverbs, are divided into separate components.
By syntactic functions conjunctions are subdivided into coordinating and subordinating.
Coordinating conjunctions connect homogeneous members of a sentence, as well as parts of compound sentences. According to their meaning, these unions are divided into

• connecting: and, yes (in the meaning of and); and...and, neither...nor;
• comparative: not only ... but also, both ... and;
• adversative: a, but, yes (meaning but), however, the same, but;
• dividing: or, or ... or, either, or ... either, then ... then, not that ... not that, either ... or;
• connecting: yes and, also, too.

Subordinating conjunctions usually connect parts of complex sentences, although sometimes, relatively rarely, they can also be used in a simple sentence to connect sentence members. For example: He is known as a good foreman; She is like a song to me.
Some subordinating conjunctions can break into two parts, for example, because, since and others: one part forms a co relative word in the main part of the sentence, the other is the union in the subordinate clause.
Subordinating conjunctions are divided into

• temporary (when, barely, only, so far, for the time being, so far, only, since);
• causal (because, because, as a result of

what);

• target (to, in order to);
• consequences (so);
• conditions (if, if, if);
• concessive (although, let it be, despite the fact that);
• comparative (as if, as if, as if);
• explanatory (what).

The difference between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, both morphologically and syntactically, is not stable. So, the union, although (at least) can connect homogeneous members and parts of a complex sentence: He shot quickly, although not accurately .; Although the eye sees, the tooth is numb.
In the function of unions, pronouns can be used, which in this case are called allied words. Fulfilling the role of unions, i.e. serving as a means of communication, allied words, unlike unions, are members of the subordinate part of the sentence. Wed: What you sow, you will reap. (What is a relative word, addition); I'm stupid to be angry (which is a union).
By use, unions are of three types:

1. single, used once. Of the coordinating unions, the union but is typical in this respect (subordinating unions are usually single). For example: A small scientist, but a pedant (P.);
2. repeating: and ... and, or ... or, either ... either, neither ... neither, then ... then, etc. For example: No response, no word, no greetings (Apukhtin);
3. double, the components of which are mutually related in use. Coordinating unions can be double (both ... and, not only ... but also): Pushkin created various works both in poetry and in prose; or subordinating conjunctions (if ... then; since ... then, just ... like, etc.). For example: And if anyone is to blame, then I am alone (L.T.).

The word "union" is a tracing paper from the Latin "conjunction" - it is an invariable auxiliary, which is a formal means of connecting syntactic units.

The honors of some compound unions (“not only ... but also”, “as ... and”) are found with different homogeneous members of the sentence or in different sentences that are part of the complex one.

Consisting of one are called simple: “and”, “a”, “but”, “or”, “yes”, “like”, “either”, “what”, “as if”. And unions, which are a combination of significant and non-significant words, are compound. For example: "meanwhile", "that is", "as soon as", "despite the fact that", "in view of the fact that", "while", "as" and others.

Unions are divided into coordinating and subordinating.

Coordinating unions convey equal, independent relations between homogeneous members or parts of a complex. For example: "The house stood on a hill, and a wide view opened from there." In that coordinative union"and" links 2 simple sentences within the complex. And in the sentence: “A light wind, then subsided, then woke up again” - the union “that ... that” connects the homogeneous members of the sentence.

Subordinating conjunctions convey unequal, dependent relationships between parts of a complex sentence. For example: “We wanted (what?) So that sooner” (subordinate explanatory clause). Or: “The book will be released (under what condition?) if it is accepted by the publisher” (subordinate clause).

Types of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions

Doing morphological analysis union, it is necessary to indicate its meaning and morphological features (composing or subordinating; an invariable word), as well as to indicate its syntactic role.

Coordinating conjunctions are divided into:

1) Connectives, which include “and”, “yes”, “not only ... but also”, “like ... and”. For example: "As it is, it is snowing today."
2) Opposite: “but”, “a”, “yes” (meaning “but”), “but”, “however”. For example: "We are different countries born, but we all do not want war!”
3) Dividing, this group includes unions “or”, “either”, “that ... then”, “not that ... not that”. For example: “To the right, then to the left, the rumble of falling trees.”

In turn, subordinating unions are divided into:

1) Temporary: “when”, “before”, “while”, “only”. For example: "We were still sleeping when the phone rang".
2) Explanatory, this group includes: “what”, “to”, “how” and others. For example: "He said that a friend visited him."
3) Causal: “because”, “because”, “due to the fact that”. “Since the sun has set, it has become chilly.”
4) Conditional: “if”, “time”, “how soon”, “whether”, “if”. For example: "If you only wanted to, if you only knew."
5) Concessive: “although”, “despite the fact that”. “Although it was already morning, the city was still asleep.”
6) Target: "to", "in order to", "in order to". For example: "To love music, you need to listen to it."