§one. What is parsing, what are its specifics

Parsing is a complete grammatical characteristic of a syntactic unit:

• phrases
• simple sentence
• complex sentence

In syntactic analysis, it is important to be able to distinguish between units of syntax, to realize that these are units of different levels, and to understand what features each of them is characterized by. Parsing requires not confusing a phrase and a simple sentence, as well as a simple and complex sentences, and knowing how to parse each of them.

§2. What you need to know and be able to do

Syntactic parsing requires knowledge and skills.

Need to know:

• what is the difference between a phrase and a sentence
• what is the difference between simple and complex sentences
• how the phrase is built, and what they are (view by the main word)
• syntactic links of words in a phrase: agreement, control, adjunction
• what features characterize the sentence: the purpose of the statement, semantic and intonational completeness, the presence of a grammatical basis
• What are the quantity offers? grammar basics: simple, complex
• what are simple sentences in terms of their structure: two-part, one-part (nominative, definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal)
• what are complex sentences: by the nature of the syntactic connection of their parts: allied, non-union; allied: compound and complex subordinate)
• what is syntactic role words in a sentence (parsing by sentence members)

Need to be able to:

• determine to which syntactic units the given parsing unit belongs
• highlight phrases in a sentence
• find the main and dependent word in the phrase
• determine the type of syntactic relationship
• determine the grammatical basis of a sentence
• determine the type of sentence by grammatical basis (two-part - one-part) and by the nature of the main member (for one-part sentences)
• define sentence members
• identify complicating components: homogeneous members, separations, introductory elements (introductory words and sentences, plug-in constructions), appeals, direct speech and citation
• determine the number of parts in a complex sentence
• determine the type of syntactic connection and the type of a complex sentence

§3. The order of parsing syntactic units

phrase

1. Determine the main and dependent words, highlight the main thing, put a question to the dependent from it.
2. Determine the type of phrase by the main word: nominal, verbal, adverbial.
3. Determine the type of syntactic connection: agreement, control, adjacency.

Simple sentence

1. Analyze by the members of the sentence: underline all the members of the sentence, determine what (what part of speech) they are expressed by.
2. Give a description of the purpose of the statement:

• narrative
• interrogative
• incentive

3. Give a description of the expressed emotions and intonation:

• non-exclamatory
• exclamatory

4. Determine the number of grammatical bases and determine the type of sentence by their number:

• simple
• complicated

5. Give a description of the presence of the main members:

• two-part
• one-component

a) one-part with the main member of the subject: denominative
b) one-part with the main member of the predicate: definite-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal

6. Give a description of the availability minor members:

• widespread
• uncommon

7. Give a description in terms of completeness (the presence of members of the proposal that are necessary in meaning):

• complete
• incomplete

8. Determine the presence of complicating components:

• uncomplicated
• complicated:

a) homogeneous members of the proposal
b) separate members: definition (agreed - inconsistent), addition, circumstance
in) introductory words, introductory sentences and plug-in structures
d) appeal
e) constructions with direct speech or quotation

Note:

When expressing separations by participles and participle turns, as well as comparative constructions, to characterize what exactly expresses the isolation

Difficult sentence

1. As in a simple sentence, define the members of the sentence.
2. As in a simple sentence, give a description of the purpose of the statement:

• narrative
• interrogative
• incentive

3. As in a simple sentence, describe the expressed emotions and intonation:

• non-exclamatory
• exclamatory

4. By the number of grammatical bases (more than one), determine that the sentence is complex.
5. Determine the type of syntactic connection between parts of a complex sentence:

• with allied connection
• with unionless connection
• with a combination of allied and allied connection

6. Determine the type of complex sentence and means of communication:

• compound (: connecting, dividing, adversative, connecting, explanatory or gradational)
• complex (: temporary, causal, conditional, target, consequences, concessive, comparative and explanatory, as well as allied words)
• non-union (connection in meaning, expressed intonationally)

7. Determine the type of complex sentence (for example: complex with an explanatory clause).
8. Next, each part of the complex sentence is characterized (according to the scheme of a simple sentence - see the scheme for parsing a simple sentence, paragraphs 5-8)
9. Make a diagram of a complex sentence, reflecting

Not all students are easily given a complete syntactic analysis of a sentence. We will show you the correct sequence of actions that will make it easier to cope with such a task.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, the proposals are divided into:

• narrative - "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
• interrogative - "Rus, where are you going?"(N. Gogol);
• incentive - “My friend, let us dedicate our souls to the homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: no need to invent intrigues and plots. Use the stories that life itself provides "(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

The purpose of interrogative sentences is to get an answer from the interlocutor to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical (i.e., does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - the pathetic expression of some thought, idea, expression of the speaker's attitude to something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the addressee of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not by the structure of the sentence itself, but by the intonation of the speaker.

Step 2: Determine the intonation and emotional tone of the sentence.

At this stage of parsing a sentence, look for the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, the proposals are divided into:

• exclamatory - “Well, what a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
• non-exclamatory - "Thought flies, but words go step by step"(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what that sentence is:

• simple sentence - "Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, brings him to a frenzy"(F. Dostoevsky);
• difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much squalor and misfortune in their lives arises from laziness”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the parsing of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the proposal.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a complete set of main members of the proposal or the absence of any of them, can be:

• one-piece - "It is not difficult to despise the court of people, it is impossible to despise one's own court"(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. Fairy-tale palace, open to everyone for review. Clearings of forest roads, looking into the lakes»(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
• two-part - “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).

Specify which main member present in a single sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominal) and verbal (there is a predicate: definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if there are secondary members in the sentence.

By the presence / absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

• common - “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
• uncommon - "The attack is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine full offer or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. In incomplete, any of the main or minor members is missing. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

• complete offer - "Prishvin's words bloom, sparkle"(K. Paustovsky);
• incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - Me Anochka "(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete one, indicate which members of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine if the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or not complicated by introductory words and addresses, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple compound sentences:

• "Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was great"(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
• “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not by personal charm, not by past military merits, not by military talent, then by everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, the subject and predicate are designated, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

At the same time, indicate the grammatical basis, if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample sentence parsing:

• Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the porter trampled, moved, did not, stopped, widespread, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, a separate definition ( participial), a separate circumstance (participle turnover).
• Written review: narration, unexcited, simple, double-sided, g / o the doorman trampled, moved was, did not, stopped, distributed, complicated. homogeneous skaz., sep. def. (participle turnover), esp. obs-vom (participle turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how the connection exists between the parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

• allied - "He who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit"(L. Tolstoy);
• unionless - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and pure, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what links the parts of a complex sentence together:

• intonation;
• coordinating conjunctions;
• subordinating unions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the relationship between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this relationship is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

• compound sentence (CSP) - “ My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange"(I. Turgenev);
• complex sentence (CSP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
• complicated unionless proposal(BSP) - "I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor" (A. Pushkin);
• a sentence with different types of connection - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act, and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of an asyndetic complex sentence can be expressed by different punctuation marks: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the links between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

• what does the adjective refer to;
• whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
• what question is it answering.

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate parts, describe the relationship between them:

• consistent - "I heard Gaidar cleaning the kettle with sand and scolding him for the handle falling off" (K. Paustovsky);
• parallel - "It is necessary to accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops so that a word alien to this environment does not accidentally fall" (V. Mayakovsky);
• homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all the members of the sentence and indicate what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Make a proposal outline.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of accessory part. Look at the example of parsing a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme of syntactic parsing of the sentence, proposed by us, will help to correctly characterize the sentence in all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and writing. With our instructions, a difficult task will become clearer and easier, help you learn the material and consolidate it in practice.

Write a comment if this scheme was useful to you. And if it turned out to be useful, do not forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.

blog.site, with full or partial copying of the material, a link to the source is required.

Schoolchildren, students of philological faculties, and people with other related goals are often interested in the analysis of verbal constructions. Today we will talk about how to parse a sentence online, what services can handle it. In fact, there are many sites on the network that offer such services, but the resource is not always effective and convenient. We will get acquainted with the most popular and functional products.

On this site it is easy to complete even the most complex tasks online. Moreover, in the process of parsing, you gain additional knowledge and can understand even more on the topic than when reading a dry theory. In order to use the features of the service, you will have to register. A real school virtual assistant with which you can disassemble the 5th grade easily and quickly. There is nothing superfluous and distracting, so it deserves to be in the first place.

Excellent, understandable crib. Clear schemes for parsing proposals are proposed different levels complexity in the form of a table, excellent examples are provided. The resource was created specifically to help you study, so you can use it as a basis not only for learning the Russian language, but also for mathematics.

It is worth noting that the site has essays for grades 3, 5, 6, 7 and much more.

Another special service deserving special attention. Here it is possible to parse the sentence online, regardless of the number of words and characters. Working with it is easy and convenient, mainly due to the fact that the site was created specifically for parsing.

As noted, the tool is able to parse entire sentence structures of any complexity for free, not to mention individual words. The analysis algorithm is simple:

• initial dictionary forms are indicated;
• grammar analysis;
• cases.

The design is pleasant and comfortable to read. In addition, on the site you will find subsections with different literature, both Russian and foreign. You can find biographies of poets and writers - this content is often needed in school curriculum. The tool will definitely come in handy if you are tired of numerous advertisements, there are practically none here, it will not interfere. It is easy to get used to, there is a lot of useful information.

Of the minuses, one can only single out that there are no other materials on the Russian language, the content is mainly created on the basis of literature, but at the same time, you can use the analysis at any time.

Syntactic online parsing of a sentence using Seosin.ru

One of the most popular special resources in this region. The developers claim that it is easily able to perform online not only syntactic, but also morphological analysis, after which the user receives full informative statistics about a particular text.

Working with such an assistant is simple:

• go to the main page;
• paste the copied text into an empty field;
• enter the verification number located below;
• click "Analyze".

If necessary, you can ask for help on specialized forums, where the branches are divided by topic. For example, many recommend Linguoforum or a section of the TurboText website - Diploma. Just open new topic or add a question to an existing one, and wait.

As you can see, parsing complex sentences online is not difficult. In addition, not only a theoretical base is offered, but it is also possible to analyze the desired dictionary structure in real time.

Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, imperative).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

3. Select simple sentences as part of a complex one, determine their foundations.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Select minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or non-common.

6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or treatment.

Proposal 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Offer 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), allied (connected by the union and), and the first and second parts are uncommon (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of proposal 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Offer 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union. The first part is widespread (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the offer

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 5 In 3 parts Lvov S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 p.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook / Ed. Razumovskaya M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M .: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Website of the festival pedagogical ideas"Public lesson" ()

Homework

1. What is the order of parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are the complex sentences for the means of communication between the parts?

3. Underline the grammatical foundations in the sentence:

The hurried dawn was approaching, the heavenly heights brightened.

SENTENCE

Sentence - this is a word or a group of words that are related in meaning, from one word to another, you can put a question. The sentence expresses a complete thought.

The first word in a sentence is capitalized, and the sentence ends with a period, exclamation mark, or question mark.

Every sentence is said with a purpose.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are : narrative, interrogative. incentive.

Declarative sentence - this is a sentence in which something is reported (narrated).

Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks for something.

incentive offer - this is a sentence that encourages action, advises or asks to do something.

By intonation offers are exclamatory and non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced with strong feeling. An exclamation mark (!) is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

Non-exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced calmly, without a strong feeling. A non-exclamatory sentence ends with a period (.) or a question mark (?).

The offer has main and secondary members.

The main members of the proposal is the subject and the predicate.

Subject - this is the main member of the sentence, which names who or what the sentence is talking about. The subject answers the question who? or what? The subject is underlined with one line.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which indicates what is said about the subject, names what the subject does. The predicate answers one of the questions: what does it do? what do they do? what will do? What did you do? what will he do? The predicate is underlined by two lines.

Members of the proposal

Main
Examples	Information
	Subject - the main member of the sentence, which names the one who acts, experiences some state, has a certain sign. Answers the questions: Who? What?
	Predicate - the main member of the sentence, which names the action, state or sign of the subject. Answers the questions: What is he doing? What? What? Who it?
The subject and predicate are the basis of the sentence.

Minor

Examples	Information
	Addition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes an object. Answers questions of indirect cases.
	Definition- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes a sign of the subject. Answers the questions: Which? Whose?
	Circumstance- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes time, place, mode of action. Answers the questions: Where? When? Where? Where? Why? What for? And How?

Offers

1. Role in language	Expresses a thought that is complete in meaning and intonation.
3. Types of sentences by the number of grammatical bases	Simple - one base, complex - two or more grammatical bases.
4. Types of sentences for the purpose of the statement	Narrative (contains a message); interrogative (contains a question); incentive (incitement to action).
5. Types of sentences by intonation	Exclamatory, in which the thought is accompanied by a strong feeling, and non-exclamatory.
6. Types of proposals for the presence or absence of secondary members	Common (besides the main members, there are also minor ones) and non-common (consist only of the grammatical basis).
7. Types of proposals by complexity	Can be complicated by appeals, homogeneous members

Parsing a sentence