The composition of the speakers of the event should inspire those who are interested in how children can be taught “in a different way”. Alexander Lobok, Doctor of Psychology, creator of the probabilistic learning methodology, teacher Dima Zitser, founder of Epischool Mikhail Epshtein, director of the IT school Alexander Ezdov will speak here. Participants will be told about the Montessori school, about multicellular mathematics, about blended learning, about the InterUrok.ru project, which allows studying the entire school curriculum via the Internet.

One of the organizers of the conference, Aleksey Semenychev, is a family education consultant. In general, the initiative to hold such a meeting arose from the desire of parents who decided to teach their children outside of school, exchange experiences with each other and somehow structure the ideas of modern alternative education for themselves.

Alexei believes that the search for alternative ways will never be massive, but modern education, if it is directed to the future, it should be different: family, traditional, school, mixed - whatever.

Alexey Semenychev

When we started doing alternative education, we discovered that there are a lot of good people in our country. pedagogical systems, experiments, techniques and so on. Suffice it to recall that Shalva Amonashvili's collaboration pedagogy dates back to the 1960s. But the problem is that there is almost no dialogue between the mass school and these finds. The education system is one of the most conservative.

There is a dramatic conflict in the very idea of ​​organizing mass general education: on the one hand, it is called upon to become the basis for as many children as possible. On the other hand, all children are so different that it is simply impossible to teach them equally. At least it's not efficient.

When an adult does not like a job, he can find another one, taking into account all the wishes from the schedule to the salary. He can change jobs simply because the team does not suit him. Or the motivation for development has disappeared. Or because they offered a more suitable place.

What if the school is not suitable for the child?

Naturally, some adults who are used to choosing sooner or later ask themselves the question: why does my child have no choice and should go to a school that does not motivate him to learn? Or to a school that is bad for his health? If adults realize that they, the parents, and not the Minister of Education, are primarily interested in the good education of children, they will find that in fact there is a choice.

Alternative education is a search for an alternative, first of all, to the average format of the system of mass general education.

Five myths about alternative education

If the child does not go to school, he will have problems with socialization.

Indeed, with home schooling, organizing communication with peers and other people is a separate task. It is solved with the help of various sections, circles, interest clubs. Including for this, parents can unite in the so-called " family schools”(although it would be more correct to consider them clubs, since they do not have an educational license): on the one hand, by uniting, it is easier to resolve issues with tutors, on the other hand, it is possible to conduct joint extracurricular activities.

Alexey Semenychev

family education consultant

Awareness of oneself as a person, awareness of oneself in society in the conditions of family education occurs even earlier than at school. Compared to our adult life, it's like a full-time job and freelancing. So you go to work, where the salary is stable, and then you decide to become a freelancer. On the one hand, freedom comes - I do what I want, I don’t go to school. On the other hand, you understand that now everything depends only on you. Our children come to the idea earlier that you are responsible for your own destiny.

Proponents of alternative education pamper their children by making learning fun.

Agree, there are thousands of ways to pamper children in a traditional school. What is good study worth for gifts or performance homework for the child. So this is not a problem of the education system, but only the approach of parents. However, many recognize that balancing between “learning should be fun” and “child should learn to overcome difficulties” is very difficult when you combine the role of parent and teacher. In fact, such a balance is not easy for professional teachers, no matter what system they work with.

Alternative education is always a traditional school "inside out".

It seems that if we are looking for an alternative to the class-lesson system, the main thing is to cancel lessons of 40 minutes, to abandon the subject schedule, to abandon assessments - and new system ready. This is not true. Still, the main goal of alternative education is to find an individual approach to a particular child, taking into account the peculiarities of his development, and not to abolish the usual things from the principle.

Anna Nine

Both the 40-minute classes and the subject schedule are just a way to structure educational activities and stick to the schedule. Even if the child receives an alternative education, this method may suit him. Subject education allows him to focus on the main disciplines at his age, for example, Russian and mathematics, and to remain in parallel with his classmates in terms of knowledge. This is especially important if, for health reasons, it is difficult for a child to master all subject areas. As for grades, the assessment of an adult is important for a child, healthy narcissistic nourishment of his skills and abilities, it is important to show his knowledge in front of peers - all this is called healthy competition. Problems begin when, along with grades in the journal, the child receives a social assessment, which becomes a stigma and begins to determine his position in the class.

Parents cannot know better than teachers how and what to teach children, so alternative education outside of school always loses in quality.

Of course, in the case of choosing education outside of school, parents must spend a lot of time and attention in order for the result to be of high quality. But they should not take on all the functions of teachers. Their task is to organize the educational process and find resources from which the child will receive knowledge. It can be tutors, textbooks, websites. If the program elementary school can be mastered with the help of mom and dad, then in middle and high school this will not be enough. In terms of developing an educational strategy, professional tutors can help.

If my child goes to school safely, I don't need to know about alternative education.

You need to know about alternative education, if only because it allows you to take a fresh look at the usual school - as one of the ways to teach, with its pluses and minuses, but not the only true one. And if a child suddenly has difficulties at school, perhaps even a temporary recourse to alternative education will correct the situation.

Anna Nine

family psychologist, gestalt therapist

If the child is in a low position in the class and does not study well, alternative education can come to the rescue. A change of environment, an individual approach to building motivation save from negative feedback in the form of ratings and peer opinions. Thanks to alternative education, it becomes possible to raise the level of knowledge, increase self-esteem and self-esteem.

According to Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, basic general education is obligatory, and its receipt by children must be provided by parents or persons replacing them. That is, every child, a citizen of Russia, must receive a certificate after the 9th grade. The Russian Federation supports various forms education and self-education, but at the same time establishes federal state educational standards.

The law determines the parents (legal representatives) responsible for the education of the child, gives them the right to choose how to give this education, and determines the standards that the result must meet.

What can parents do if they do not want to send their child to a public school?

There are several options: find a school with an alternative teaching method (author's schools, Montessori schools, Waldorf schools, park schools and others), switch to part-time (or part-time) form of education in a traditional general education school or switch to family education.

Schools with alternative teaching methods

In these schools, the class-lesson system is opposed to its own approach: instead of dividing into classes by age, there can be classes in groups of different ages, instead of academic subjects - interdisciplinary projects and individual educational routes, instead of lessons from bell to bell - free disposal of one's time.

Among the schools that work according to methods that have long been recognized in many countries (such as Waldorf schools), there are state schools. As for copyright schools that work according to independently developed methods, almost all of them are private and require financial investments from parents.

Author's schools appeared in Russia in the early 1990s. Among the brightest are Mikhail Epshtein's "Epischool" in St. Petersburg and the author's school of Alexander Lobk with the embodied idea of ​​probabilistic education in Yekaterinburg.

From the point of view of parents, studying in such schools does not differ much from traditional ones: the child goes to school under the supervision of teachers, and the organization still bears responsibility for the quality of education. It is quite another matter if parents choose a correspondence or family education for their child.

Distance learning according to an individual curriculum

This option is chosen by those who are satisfied with the school program, but are not satisfied with the need to attend school. The child is enrolled in a general education institution for correspondence form learning. The school itself draws up an individual academic plan and provides educational materials. Part of the subjects can be mastered at school full-time (then it will be part-time).

The child will be assessed in the same way as other students of the school. The main task of parents in this form of education is to ensure that the child masters school curriculum. How this will happen - with the help of tutors, video lessons and online resources, self-study in the textbook - parents decide.

family education

This is where parents go on a completely free voyage along alternative educational trends. With only one condition: the child must pass the state certification after the 9th grade in order to receive a certificate of basic general education and pass the exam after grade 11 to obtain a certificate of secondary general education. As for intermediate certifications, they are optional until grade 9. But parents who choose family education are still recommended to go through them every year to be sure that different currents did not take the ship far away from the Federal State Educational Standard.

Everyone comes to this form of education in different ways: someone because of beliefs, someone because of circumstances. But all parents who have taken on the responsibility of teaching their children outside of school face similar difficulties: how to find a school for certification, how to solve discipline problems, what program to choose, what methods to use. Adults unite in online and offline communities and discuss effective ways teach children.

In Russia, the question of the methodology of family education is acute. On the one hand, this is a good free market for alternative learning systems. If you come up with a method that makes it easy to teach children math, parents will be happy to try it, while in a comprehensive school it is extremely difficult to prove the need for a new tool. On the other hand, developers of educational products do not have enough channels through which they could express themselves to parents. And parents, in turn, do not have enough pedagogical knowledge to independently choose methods. It is not surprising that it is those who are faced with the issues of family education who initiate a wide conversation about alternative education at the all-Russian level.

It turns out an interesting picture: if before the tone for alternative education was set by innovative teachers, attracting both enthusiastic and skeptical views, now it seems that the initiative has passed to the parents. From passive consumers of educational services, they have become active participants in the process that influence the market.

Conferences like the one that will be held at the ZIL cultural center should become a platform where parents meet, developers of educational tools (from methodologies to specific products - textbooks, web services, and so on) and professional teachers who teach “not like in school” and are ready to share their experience and understanding of what education can be.

The new coronavirus - a "relative" of the old SARS - has already led to the death of 26 people. It is believed that several thousand may be infected with it. And it is known for certain that the epidemic has spread beyond China. But this is no reason to panic. We collected all the known information and tried to answer the main questions about the new disease.

1. Everywhere they write about this virus. Is everything really that serious? Was this not the case before?

Definitely, the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV is serious. As of the morning of January 24, 893 cases and 26 deaths are known, that is, the mortality rate for the disease is 2.9%, and this percentage may increase (some of the cases are in critical condition). Given the incubation period, there may be several thousand infected in total, and the number of victims can reach hundreds.

Map of the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus by region in China. Black shows distribution regions on January 11, 2020, lighter shades - on January 20, 21, 22 and 23 (the later, the lighter). Geographically, the spread looks very fast / ©Wikimedia Commons

Something similar has happened before: SARS in 2002-2003 infected eight thousand people and killed 775 of them. It also spread from China and also originated initially due to contact with animals (bats), which were the reservoir for the basic form of the SARS virus. The then virus-causative agent was also a coronavirus and is genetically 70 percent identical to the new one. That is, that SARS and the new epidemic are relatively close “relatives”.

Map of the spread of the epidemic around the planet. However, in last days such maps get outdated all the time, so it's not a fact that this one will remain relevant for a long time / © Wikimedia Commons

At that time, the spread of the disease was contained by quarantine measures. The new coronavirus is reliably transmitted from person to person. If not contained by quarantine measures, 2019-nCoV could theoretically kill many more people.

2. Is the new coronavirus dangerous for the young as well, or only for those who are older?

Be clear: 2019-nCoV is just another virus that can cause pneumonia. Therefore, the chances of dying from it are higher for those who have them higher and with ordinary pneumonia. That is, first of all in those who later went to the doctor with symptoms, and - secondly - in those who are older or suffer from chronic diseases, including the respiratory system.

Scheme with overall structure 2019-nCoV coronavirus / ©Roger Harris/Science Photo Library/Getty Image

Take SARS, the related coronavirus epidemic 18 years ago. According to the WHO, the chances of dying from it were on average 9%, but for those under 24, it was less than one percent. At the age of 25-44 years - up to six percent, 44-64 years old - up to 15 percent, from 65 years and older - above 55 percent. This does not mean that young people have nothing to fear, but it certainly means that those who are older should think about it.

With a high probability, this will be the case with new pneumonia, whose causative agent is a “relative” of atypical pneumonia.

3. Is it possible, in principle, that some new virus will arise that will kill many people, and we will not have anything to protect ourselves with?

This story happens systematically. Take the measles virus: geneticists determined that around the 11th-12th centuries it was a common bovine virus. Then he mutated so that he could spread between people: and began to kill by the millions. Back in 1980, it killed 2.6 million, and it still infects 20 million a year. According to WHO, even in 2017, he (though not without the help of anti-vaccinators) killed 110,000 people. As we can see, SARS is just a trifle against this background. She was so seriously covered in the media only because they love everything new and unusual.

Moreover, even the “relatives” of 2019-nCoV constantly infect us: coronaviruses, among other things, cause a runny nose, they often hide behind the abbreviation SARS, and so on. Normally, the virus stably exists only if it does not threaten the carriers with frequent death. Because each such death means that the number of carriers decreases, and with a large-scale epidemic, there will be so few of them that sooner or later the epidemic will end. This means that there will be fewer active viruses.

In the era of the First World War, there were no vaccines or antivirals, so the fight against viruses was reduced to masks, without which even a tram was sometimes not allowed / © Wikimedia Commons

However, sometimes "abnormal" lines appear in the realm of viruses. For example, one of the most rapidly mutating viruses, influenza, in 1918-1919 infected a third of the world's population and killed at least 50 million people (the Spanish flu epidemic). This is several times more than died in the First World War and about the same as died in the Second.

Fortunately, today we have medicine that is rapidly creating vaccines. Weakened forms of the virus are grown in a short time, vaccination will dramatically reduce mortality from any analogue of the "Spanish flu".

There is one scenario where a virus could theoretically kill many people at once, despite vaccines. Take HIV: it infects part of the cells of the immune system, so the immune system does not cope well with it. It is so difficult to create a vaccine against it that only now its first tests are underway - although the virus itself has been known for decades.

If an airborne virus emerges, like the new coronavirus in China, but at the same time affects immune cells, like HIV, then it will not be possible to quickly create a vaccine against it. In this case, a large number of victims is possible and there will be no protection against such a virus for a long time.

The probability of such a development of events is small: the virus specializes in the defeat of one type of cell. The same HIV, in order to attack the cells of the immune system, is looking for among them those that have CD4 receptors. But among the cells in respiratory tract there are not very many of them: in non-immune cells, such receptors are rare. So normally, the virus can be either intractable, like HIV, or easily transmitted, like measles.

Perhaps these traits can really be combined artificially - and get a virus that affects both immune cells and ordinary cells of the body, including those in the respiratory tract, in order to make it highly contagious. For example, this may make sense when creating biological weapons. But so far, the technologies available to geneticists are extremely far from the level required for such a combination.

4. How can you reduce the chance of getting a new virus?

Like most coronaviruses - that is, like with a common cold. First, try to exclude contacts with likely carriers. The new coronavirus comes from bat and Chinese venomous snake coronavirus genes. Presumably a Chinese cobra, although the snake hypothesis raises questions. Both those and others are traded in Chinese markets with exotic living creatures that are eaten there.

The epicenter of the new epidemic is Wuhan, and there it went from the local seafood market, where they sell all these cobras and the like. Due to the recombination of the genetic materials of two lines of coronaviruses, 2019-nCoV arose in this market. Therefore, we categorically do not advise you to visit Wuhan and, to be honest, China in general - at least until the epidemic is dealt with there. It is worth recalling that it has already reached Thailand (several cases), South Korea, Japan, the USA, Singapore, Vietnam and Saudi Arabia, so it is also better to postpone trips there until the situation is clear.

The same market in China where the virus spread from. By law, this is a seafood market, but in fact they traded marmots, poisonous snakes, bats and other exotic animals sold for meat. Now the market is closed, disinfection was carried out there, but this did not stop the disease / ©Getty Image

If you are already in China, avoid seafood markets and exotic animals, drink only bottled water and do not consume foods that have not been processed at high temperatures: analogues of sushi and ceviche, as well as uncooked meat.

And always wash your hands after visiting public places and contacting new people. All viruses transmitted by airborne droplets actively settle on the hands, because people touch their mouth and nose with them an average of 300 times a day. In experiments, one person with a viral infection, touching the handle on the door in a large office, leads to the fact that the virus is on all the handles in the office (healthy employees carry it further with their own hands). Therefore, special attention should be paid to hand hygiene. If you can't wash your hands every time, use alcohol wipes.

5. Should I buy masks in advance? And what?

Oddly enough, such coronaviruses do not spread “with one sneeze”. The fact is that all viruses are specialized for the base carrier. Part of the 2019-nCoV genes came from a bat (body temperature varies widely, much more than that of humans), part from a snake, cold-blooded (the temperature is much lower than human). This means that the new coronavirus is not ideally suited for human-to-human transmission.

Doctors wearing masks and goggles transport a patient at a Wuhan hospital on January 17, 2019 / © Getty Images

Nevertheless, masks reduce the likelihood of infection with it - and noticeably. However, there is no point in buying them in advance (so far there is not a single confirmed case of the disease in Russia), as well as bothering with the choice of some particular type of such a mask. Almost all of them today are close in terms of capabilities. If it still comes to an epidemic in our country, it is worth remembering that the mask must be changed at least once every few hours.

6. How long does it take for the virus to show up? How to understand that you are sick?

The incubation period of the virus is about five days. That is, if you have returned from China or other countries where the epidemic already exists, then only after about a week of the absence of symptoms can you begin to relax.

An elevated temperature indicates infection with 2019-nCoV: an increase can be both moderate and severe, but is present in 90% of cases. In 80% of cases, there is a dry cough and rapidly onset fatigue. Shortness of breath and shortness of breath are much less common. Pulse, respiration and pressure in the early stages are normal - there is no point in checking them.

It is worth consulting a doctor if these symptoms are found in anyone who has been to countries where the epidemic has penetrated. The specialist will be able to make a diagnosis based on a picture of your lungs: there the new coronavirus leaves traces typical of pneumonia.

7. And if you still got infected? What to do?

First of all, do not panic and do not get depressed. These are not just soothing words: 17 years ago, studies showed that with negative emotions (or memories of sad situations), a person’s level of antibodies in the blood drops dramatically. Roughly speaking, nature does not need losers and those who are depressed. Therefore, to lose heart during an illness is the surest way to reduce the body's ability to resist it.

Meanwhile, your own immunity is especially important if you catch 2019-nCoV. There is no specific treatment for it yet, although it is expected that a number of antiviral drugs for other coronaviruses may help.

Therefore, when infected, you should calmly follow all the recommendations of the attending physicians (and not “treat” yourself at home) and not be nervous once again.

8. Is it safe to receive parcels from Aliexpress now? Or is it better to leave it at the post office and walk around without a new phone case?

To date, there is no clear understanding of how long this virus can survive outside living organisms: the very existence of the epidemic was recognized only weeks ago. Only general considerations can be made about whether this virus is capable of being transmitted with objects.

Normally, viruses are divided into "smart" and "strong". Durable have a shell that protects them well from the external environment. "Smart" - a large genome. 2019-nCoV is a rather “smart” virus, with a relatively long RNA (a record long in its class of viruses). Therefore, the shell protects him weakly: he lives in the owner, where it is already warm and cozy. Outdoors, they won't last long.

Russian delivery services - from, not to mention, "Post of Russia" to its commercial counterparts - do not work quickly. Almost certainly, by the time the package arrives, 2019-nCoV will die there. But to calm the conscience, the case can be wiped with an alcohol wipe.

9. Is it more dangerous than swine and bird flu?

Depending on what is meant by these words. The fact is that the same "Spanish flu", according to some researchers, arose due to the recombination of the genes of the poultry and human influenza virus (H1N1 strain). Such a "hybrid" flu gave the most dangerous known viral epidemics in history, killing fifty million people at least.

However, usually no one knows about it. Following the media, bird and swine flu are called epidemics from China, which have been there periodically since the 1990s. "Avian" is called H5N1. It was less dangerous because it only spread normally from poultry (chickens) to humans, and from human to human it spread quite badly. However, if they still get sick, then the risk of death could exceed 50 percent, which is a lot. In total, 630 people were infected with it, 375 died.

Swine flu is referred to in the media as an influenza A/H1N1 pandemic. In fact, it is not certain that it was transmitted to humans from pigs - it is more likely that this is the result of the recombination of genes from one flu, typical for pigs, and another, typical for humans. In fact, this is an ordinary flu with a very low mortality rate among those who become ill (one in 3000), and, like with ordinary influenza, mortality is due to complications. Among those who fell ill with A / H1N1, 17 thousand died, which is a lot. But it is worth remembering that 250,000 people die every year from the flu (or rather, its complications) in the world, according to WHO estimates.

Of course, such a “pig” (but in fact it is not - its epidemic has not been recorded among pigs) flu is much more dangerous than the new coronavirus in terms of the total number of deaths. But those who got it in 2009-2010 had a 0.03 percent chance of dying. Among patients with 2019-nCoV, this probability is still nine percent, that is, 300 times higher.

10. Do people recover completely after it or do problems remain?

At the moment, this is unknown: the number of cases is too small. However, normally, after an unstarted viral pneumonia, the vast majority of those who have been ill do not have any problems.

11. How often do such viruses appear? Were they just as dangerous before?

Viruses transmitted from animals to humans appear periodically even in our time. For example, the Middle East respiratory syndrome, caused by another coronavirus, seems to have appeared already in the 21st century. In 2012-2017, two thousand people fell ill from it and more than 700 died.

The Middle East respiratory syndrome virus in 2012-2017 led to the death of hundreds of people, but it itself did not spread among them poorly, infection from sick camels remained the main channel / © Wikimedia Commons

Initially, a person became infected from a sick one-humped camel, which is why most cases occurred on Arabian Peninsula. However, in the age of globalization, such patients can often travel a long distance, so one person from Saudi Arabia brought the virus to South Korea where dozens died from it.

The emergence of new viruses of this kind is the norm. Most viruses have a much higher mutation rate than multicellular ones, and they often combine the genetic material of different strains, which leads to their high variability and often the emergence of new strains. However, under the conditions modern medicine the number of victims from such viruses is quite small - on the order of hundreds per epidemic.

12. So is it worth it or not to panic in the end? Will a vaccine be found soon? Or maybe not find it at all?

There is no need to panic at all: as we noted above, negative emotions can seriously suppress your immunity, which will reduce its ability to fight. And not only with 2019-nCoV - a rather exotic disease - but also with the closer and more dangerous common flu, with its complications. And not just with the flu. Pneumonia of all types kills more than a quarter of a million people a year, and those with reduced immunity are more likely to be among them.

Already for the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus, relatively effective methods of preventing the disease through immunization have been developed. But, due to the rarity of the disease, no one carried out mass immunization / © Shutterstock

As for the vaccine, in theory it is "almost here". In laboratories, based on 2019-nCoV, coronaviruses of one reproduction cycle have been created. These can enter the body and even once create a copy of themselves there, but then cease to be active. This is, in fact, already a vaccine - thanks to the presence of 2019-nCoV of one reproduction cycle, the immune system learns to develop the desired response.

But there is a caveat: any vaccine requires lengthy tests of its complete safety, and this is not done quickly. And epidemics like SARS or its “relative” 2019-nCoV often end quickly. The same SARS lasted about a year. In such a short time, no one will establish any mass vaccination, therefore, most likely, the fight against the epidemic will be reduced to quarantine and treatment of those who are already sick. By analogy with SARS in 2002-2004.

A vaccine against a coronavirus that affects non-immune cells in the body can be made almost guaranteed. To make it difficult to create a vaccine for a virus, it must be of the HIV type - that is, it must attack not ordinary cells, but cells of the immune system. Roughly speaking, it is difficult for the “police” of an organism to catch a virus-criminal if it is ideally adapted specifically to hunting for “cops”.

Coronaviruses do not do this, therefore, specifically for a new epidemic, you should not be afraid of the impossibility of creating a vaccine.

13. They also say that the Americans could have made this virus, everything happened exactly on the Chinese New Year. Is there any truth in this?

Such rumors arise regularly: back in the days of SARS, two Russian researchers suggested that it was an American virus. However, after studying the RNA of the virus, such “hypotheses” dissolve like smoke.

RNA clearly shows that both SARS and the new 2019 coronavirus are close “relatives” of bat coronaviruses and poisonous snakes that live specifically in China. Moreover, they are sold in exotic food markets in Wuhan. It is precisely because 2019-nCoV arose from such a mixture of genes that it does not spread very well (according to the available data) among people.

If this virus were created artificially, then for such a result, its developers should have been fired for incompetence. A virus that doesn't spread well between people is a bad weapon.

If the "creators" made it easily transferred from person to person, they should have been fired all the more. SARS in 2002-2003 caused dozens of deaths in Canada. A highly contagious virus would easily reach the United States and cause an epidemic there as well. In the age of mass air travel, creating a virus for China means preparing an epidemic at home.

Theoretically, you can try to create a virus that will not infect people without special genes, and try to find such genes only in the Chinese. In practice, at the current technological level, this is about as realistic as the colonization of the Tau Ceti system is.

The available means of genome manipulation are too crude and imprecise to realize such an ambitious task. In addition, infections with the new coronavirus have already been registered in other countries, which excludes the version of the "anti-Chinese" biological weapons.

Policy regarding the processing of personal data

1. General provisions

This personal data processing policy has been drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006. No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data" and determines the procedure for processing personal data and measures to ensure the security of personal data of the PEI "First People's School" (hereinafter referred to as the Operator).

1. The operator sets as its most important goal and condition for the implementation of its activities the observance of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen in the processing of his personal data, including the protection of the rights to privacy, personal and family secrets.

2. This Operator's policy regarding the processing of personal data (hereinafter referred to as the Policy) applies to all information that the Operator can receive about website visitors

2. Basic concepts used in the Policy

1. Automated processing of personal data - processing of personal data using computer technology;

2. Blocking of personal data - temporary suspension of the processing of personal data (unless the processing is necessary to clarify personal data);

3. Website - a set of graphic and information materials, as well as computer programs and databases that ensure their availability on the Internet at the network address;

4. Information system of personal data - a set of personal data contained in databases and providing their processing information technologies and technical means;

5. Depersonalization of personal data - actions, as a result of which it is impossible to determine without using additional information belonging of personal data to a specific User or other subject of personal data;

6. Processing of personal data - any action (operation) or a set of actions (operations) performed using automation tools or without using such tools with personal data, including collection, recording, systematization, accumulation, storage, clarification (updating, changing), extraction, use, transfer (distribution, provision, access), depersonalization, blocking, deletion, destruction of personal data;

7. Operator - a state body, municipal body, legal entity or individual, independently or jointly with other persons organizing and (or) carrying out the processing of personal data, as well as determining the purposes of processing personal data, the composition of personal data to be processed, actions (operations) committed with personal data;

8. Personal data - any information relating directly or indirectly to a specific or identifiable Website User;

10. Provision of personal data - actions aimed at disclosing personal data to a certain person or a certain circle of persons;

11. Distribution of personal data - any actions aimed at disclosing personal data to an indefinite circle of persons (transfer of personal data) or familiarizing with personal data of an unlimited number of persons, including the disclosure of personal data in the media, placement in information and telecommunication networks or providing access to personal data in any other way;

12. Cross-border transfer of personal data - transfer of personal data to the territory of a foreign state to an authority of a foreign state, a foreign individual or foreign legal entity;

13. Destruction of personal data - any actions as a result of which personal data is destroyed irretrievably with the impossibility of further restoration of the content of personal data in information system personal data and (or) as a result of which material carriers of personal data are destroyed.

3. The Operator may process the following personal data of the User

1. Surname, name, patronymic;

2. Email address;

3. Phone numbers;

4. The site also collects and processes anonymous data about visitors (including cookies) using Internet statistics services (Yandex Metrika and Google Analytics and others).

4. Purposes of personal data processing

1. The purpose of processing the User's personal data is to inform the User by sending emails; providing the User with access to the services, information and / or materials contained on the website.

2. The Operator also has the right to send notifications to the User about new products and services, special offers and various events. The user can always refuse to receive informational messages by sending an email to the Operator [email protected] marked "Opt out of notifications about new products and services and special offers."

3. Anonymized data of Users collected using Internet statistics services are used to collect information about the actions of Users on the site, improve the quality of the site and its content.

5. Legal grounds for the processing of personal data

1. The Operator processes the User's personal data only if they are filled in and / or sent by the User independently through special forms located on the website. By filling out the relevant forms and / or sending their personal data to the Operator, the User expresses his consent to this Policy.

2. The Operator processes anonymized data about the User if it is allowed in the User's browser settings (saving cookies and using JavaScript technology is enabled).

6. The procedure for collecting, storing, transferring and other types of processing of personal data

The security of personal data processed by the Operator is ensured through the implementation of legal, organizational and technical measures necessary to fully comply with the requirements of the current legislation in the field of personal data protection.

1. The operator ensures the safety of personal data and takes all possible measures to exclude access to personal data of unauthorized persons.

2. The User's personal data will never, under any circumstances, be transferred to third parties, except in cases related to the implementation of applicable law.

3. In case of detection of inaccuracies in personal data, the User can update them independently by sending a notification to the Operator to the Operator’s email address [email protected] marked "Updating personal data".

4. The term for processing personal data is unlimited. The user may at any time withdraw his consent to the processing of personal data by sending a notification to the Operator by e-mail at email address Operator [email protected] marked "Withdrawal of consent to the processing of personal data".

7. Cross-border transfer of personal data

1. Prior to the commencement of cross-border transfer of personal data, the operator is obliged to make sure that the foreign state, to whose territory it is planned to transfer personal data, provides reliable protection of the rights of subjects of personal data.

2. Cross-border transfer of personal data on the territory of foreign states that do not meet the above requirements can be carried out only if there is a written consent of the subject of personal data to the cross-border transfer of his personal data and / or execution of an agreement to which the subject of personal data is a party.

8. Final provisions

1. The user can get any clarifications on issues of interest regarding the processing of his personal data by contacting the Operator via e-mail [email protected]

2. This document will reflect any changes in the policy of processing personal data by the Operator. The policy is valid indefinitely until it is replaced by a new version.

Once I came across one quote, and in it I found everything that I felt about the school - and I realized that I needed to talk about it. So that others who live the way it is customary can think about it. Stay. Get inspired.

“And they created the school just as the devil had commanded them. The child loves nature, so he was locked in four walls. The child likes to know that his work has some meaning, so everything was arranged so that his activity did not bring any benefit. He cannot remain motionless - he has been forced to be immobile. He loves to work with his hands, and he was taught theories and ideas. He likes to talk - he was ordered to be silent. He seeks to understand - he was told to learn by heart. He would like to seek knowledge himself - they are given to him ready-made ...

And then the children learned what they would never have learned in other conditions. They have learned to lie and pretend. And that's what happened. As the devil wanted it, some people withered, became lethargic and passive, lost all interest in life. They lost happiness and health. Lost love and kindness. Thoughts became dry and gray, souls hardened, hearts embittered.

Adolf Ferrier (early 20th century, Switzerland)

I ask myself one question all the time. God gave me a child. For me to educate him secularly and teach him how to make money? So that I can hand it over as a storage room somewhere and continue to do my super-important business? To make me proud of his A's in chemistry? So that he would bring me a glass of water in my old age? Or to wash the dishes and clean the room for them?

Or was the child given to me so that first I myself would find answers to my inner questions, and then tell him? So that I can help him cultivate the best qualities of character? It is generally stated in the Srimad-Bhagavatam that unless a person is sure that he can deliver the soul of a child who comes to him from the cycle of birth and death, he should not become a parent. In the past, this was a very serious question.

Therefore, every moment of our life with children is valuable for me. Where they spend the most time affects them the most. The people with whom they connect more and more deeply determine their values ​​and path. And I don't want to risk putting kids in a random number generator called school. This is not a casino to watch whether you won or lost, whether it worked out or not, whether the risk is justified. The stakes are too high to be thrown around like that. For me, the souls of children are more important than the system and correctness.

Once I thought that only we had better schools somewhere. I was wrong. The principle is the same everywhere. And in almost every country, the school system is outdated, there is not much useful in them, but somewhere the child’s psyche is at least less harmed. But still there are single schools that inspire. Schools that might be helpful. Schools to which I could send my children, if such were nearby.

What schools would be helpful?

• Schools with real teachers.

Such as Shalva Amonashvili. Loving children with all their hearts, loving their work. Happy and harmonious personalities who have a lot to learn. But are there many such teachers?

• Schools with separate education for boys and girls.

It's always been that way before. And only now, because it is more profitable, the flows have been combined. Although they need to be taught in different ways and in different ways. And if there is a person of the opposite sex in the class, it is more difficult to study. It is to study. Yes, and maintain chastity, and clarity of mind - too.

• home schools.

Where several children are taught together, with love and understanding of their features and differences. Such schools are now emerging. There is a lot of love in them, but unfortunately, there are too many features.

• spiritual schools.
  As it was several hundred years ago - schools at monasteries, temples, gurukulas. This knowledge and experience is not enough now. And we all need it every day. There are Sunday schools, and this is already a good addition to regular education. But this is not enough - too rare and small compared to the rest. To be honest, I would gladly take the boys to a good gurukula - at least for a year, two or three.
• Mastery Schools.
  Musical, artistic, dance. Not in their current form, of course. Where children would gather not by age and region, but by interests. Where they would be happy to do something together, share, exchange.
• Schools for future and mothers.
  This is what is sorely lacking. But such a school cannot be mass, to a greater extent such a school should exist in every house where there is a little girl. But alas, mother has no time to deal with nonsense, and her daughter must receive a “normal” education.
• Schools of real men.
  A place where the boys would receive the necessary physical training, the knowledge necessary for life, and could develop the necessary qualities. Where are these schools? There are practically none.

But there is another alternative to schools. Homeschooling, family schooling or unschooling - life without school - is a new, rather fashionable trend. It can be organized in different ways. It has pros and cons. Let's tell you how I see it.

How can homeschooling be arranged?

• Teachers coming from school every day

There is a possibility; I know that many people use it. This happens for free if the child has health problems. But I am sure that it is possible to negotiate personally with those teachers that you like.

• Tutors for various subjects

You can invite a teacher for each subject - it will turn out to be a tidy sum. Yes, and I don't see the need for it. It seems to me that tutors are needed precisely for the most favorite subjects that the child is most interested in.

• Monthly preparation for exams

Many parents said that, on average, a child can master the annual school program in a month or two of intensive classes. And at the end of the year surrenders required exams. When the rest of the time he does what he wants, and then he studies with a teacher, for example. It will be cheaper than inviting a teacher every day, it will not be so extended in time, and there will be an opportunity to develop in other places.

• Pass exams at once for many years

Few people know, but in our country you can come to school and take an exam for any class. That is, if you have never been attached anywhere, but come and pass all the necessary exams at once, then you will be given a certificate. That is, you can not take the same thing every year with a different sauce, but do it only once. Although this requires more awareness from parents.

• self-teach

I know mothers who take textbooks themselves and go through them step by step with their children. Not suitable for everyone, because even doing homework with children is a test. And to learn from and to - it's how much patience you need!

• Internet sites for schoolchildren

I have already heard several times that there are schools that already organize online learning. There, the child has assignments, plans, and exams. AT foreign schools so already in many places, here it is found in Russia. And besides, there are many sites for schoolchildren, where they can solve examples, do assignments, get practice and theory of the necessary subjects. Here, of course, you need to be very careful - there are so many things on the Internet that are not very useful for children.

• Interest groups

This is the answer, rather, to the question of where to get communication and how to stay at home all the time. I am for children to communicate - where there are children with the same hobbies. For example, art, music, choreographic schools, and so on, provided that the child himself is ready to go there and he likes it. There are also sports sections, creative workshops and other less “strict” institutions where everything is not so serious and complicated.

That is, you need to choose any options based on your capabilities and the needs of the child. What exactly he wants, what suits you, what talents he has.

What are the benefits of unschooling?

• Flexibility.

The program is tailored to the child, his interests and abilities.

The child can choose when, what and how deeply to engage. He becomes the main one. That is education for the child, not the child for education.

Flexibility and graphics, and programs.

• Opportunity to choose communication.

Maybe it is much more interesting for a child to be friends with those who are older? Or vice versa with the younger ones? Or with musicians, artists? There is such an opportunity when you choose your communication.

• Minimum stress for the child and parents

I heard an interesting observation from a mother of many children, whose children study at home. That there is no stress in the house since the children stopped going to school. There is no more morning rush, and instead of it - a long family breakfast, there is no need to wake up the children strenuously, to drive them out of the house. And the kids are learning! Also yourself! Sit, read, solve problems.

• No need to put children in some mold that it is not clear who came up with

Our fears of “what people will think” are very much aggravated at school, there they can think about us more than anyone, and, of course, they will. That's what the system was made for. Many different conditions are imposed on the child in the system, many of which only seem reasonable and correct.

• Lots of free time

The child has a lot of free time. And you can decide for yourself what to do with it, what he can do. Developing abilities, talents, or just having time to be a kid and just play. Many parents are now convinced that free time is bad. But it is much worse when it is completely absent from childhood.

• No unnecessary comparisons and competitions

At school, there is no way without it. Worst and best, fives and threes, who is faster - and so on. Children are compared according to grades, abilities, some are cited as an example, others as an anti-example. At home, you can do without all this. And easy enough.

• You can teach what you want and not be afraid that someone will spoil it

Many mothers say that what is the point of teaching a child morality if they explain to him at school that this is the last century? Likewise, any spiritual knowledge in schools will be discounted.

But if you teach a child at home, then it is you who decide what is basic and what is additional. And you can pay more attention to what, in your opinion, the child will need more in life.

For example, for cooking.

• Curiosity persists.

The child receives all knowledge exactly when he is ready for it. He's really interested to know how and why it all works. He himself is looking for answers to his questions, asks his parents, acquaintances.

I heard an interesting way from some parents. They have many children, so very important things are explained only to one person and in secret. And everyone else is told that this is secret information, and only this person owns it. And that's all. They themselves find knowledge, extract it, master it - and use it.

• Spend more time and attention on what you like

There is one on the internet interesting video, a teenager talks about how he learns without school. His passion is skiing. And he learns everything else through skiing, can we think of such a thing? No. How is this related? And what about skiing? And for him, they are the key that triggers his interest and inspiration, which are then sent to the study of other subjects. At school, there is no time to waste time looking for a key to everyone. Yes, and not rationally - how then to teach them all? But at home, you can.

• The ability to feed your baby the way you want.

Who cares, but in a regular school it’s not easy for a vegetarian. I know, I've often been in ordinary canteens where everyone tries to stick a cutlet in you. I had to eat buns. Everything else was meat. Now I can feed my kids homemade, wholesome, vegetarian meals throughout the day. And at the same time, no good aunts can persuade them to eat sausage. Nice unschooling bonus.

• Time for sports and creativity

When there is free time, it can be directed to important things. For example, sports for boys. On creativity and home arts for girls. All this can become a normal background of life, and not an exclusive once a week activity. Interesting thing. It seemed to me before that our children do not do any sports. After all, we don’t take them anywhere on purpose, and then I was surprised. Every day they spend an average of 4-5 hours in the pool. Sometimes more, sometimes less. They dive, practice holding their breath, try different styles of swimming. Every day for several years now. At the same time, if a child is taken twice a week to the pool in the city for an hour-long lesson (plus another hour or two for the road back and forth), it is considered that he is engaged in swimming. This is how our own brain deceives us.

• Real Deep Relationships

When a child learns at home, with parents, together with parents, your bonds become stronger and stronger.

You just see each other more often, communicate more often, you have more joint adventures and experiences. And this has a very positive effect on your relationship. The child is attached to you, not to the society of immature peers. And that's great.

• The child learns to live in a family.

Ordinary school child he does not know how to live in a family, it becomes uncomfortable and incomprehensible to him there. And there is no deep contact, and I’m used to being entertained, distracted, occupied. And in the family, other laws apply. And homeschooling also teaches how to live in a family. It just teaches in passing. But such an important and useful skill.

• Less disease

This is very important for children with weak immunity. The health of children at school is always falling. Viruses, bacteria, epidemics flourish there in the format of one school. Children exchange all this, get sick, infect each other. When a child studies at home, he is much less likely to get sick. The experience of many families confirms this. And besides, you don’t have to “draw” fake vaccinations here if you don’t put them.

• You choose how to present the material and where to put accents.

For example, why does a child need biology if it does not say anything about healthy eating, daily routine, how to take care of your health? Why does a child need to study physics divorced from life, when you can learn it by examples, setting up simple experiments? You decide which books the child needs to read now, which later, and you can explain to him that classical literature is not a guide to action and not a standard. These are just stories from which different conclusions can be drawn. And yes, you can help your child form the right principles.

• The ability to travel

Unschooling opens up opportunities not only during the holidays and longer than 2 weeks. Opportunity to live in different countries, to spend the winter in summer, to study many things not from books, but live, to master languages, to study other cultures.

We can say that the child will grow up like an ignoramus. But for some reason it seems to me that those who are so raped by education that they do not take books in their hands and do not study anything themselves are more like ignoramuses.

I know examples of children who started reading "late" - at the age of 9 or 10. And for several years then they consciously re-read not only the school, but also the in-depth program. With a full understanding of what they read - and with great interest. I will never forget one such girl. She so sincerely admired the style of Dostoevsky and his descriptions, such genuine interest and depth! And she was only 13 years old. I read Dostoevsky at the age of 15-16, and he aroused admiration far from immediately, but at the age of 20. And which of us is an ignoramus?

But in general, yes, I foresee "delights". It’s good for this Valyaeva to speak! She herself has a diploma and a certificate, but she raises her children uneducated and unpromising!

Yes, I do have a conventional education. And even higher. But what did it give me more - benefit or harm? Would I be "stupid" if I didn't go to school? Would you be healthier?

I learned to read at the age of 6, before school. I read all my favorite books outside the school curriculum and even in spite of it: after all, it was necessary to read Chernyshevsky there, and I was fond of Lermontov. Lermontov, at whose school they passed briefly, in contrast to the same Pushkin. And they forced me to teach Pushkin, although at that time I continued to teach Lermontov.

I never used physics or chemistry or history or biology anywhere, which I had to cram instead of drawing, writing stories and walking. With geography, everything was very bad for me, and on my travels I discovered the world from scratch, or even from a minus - contrary to school knowledge. It was the same with astronomy - the world turned out to be much more interesting than it was in this boring textbook. It was the same with difficulty - the school gave me such an aversion to women's affairs and needlework that it still haunts me. But initially I was interested in cooking, and sewing, and embroidering.

Yes, at school I was lucky with the first English teacher, and thanks to her I fell in love with the language. But what would happen if I continued to study the language with a good teacher, in my own mode and in the way that interests me, and did not gouge the same topics like London is a capital of the Great Britain? How much better would my language be now? Especially conversational?

As, by the way, and my self-esteem, which had such a hard time at school. I didn’t really fit anywhere with my introversion. And then I found the image of “my boyfriend”, I did what I didn’t like myself in order to get the communication of people with whom I had never communicated since then ... That is, I betrayed myself many times over the years for no reason at all .

The school gave me the feeling that the world is a hell in which you have to survive, that men are stupid and women are treacherous. That no one cares. Nobody needs your talents. That being yourself is a waste of time. What it takes to make money. And the rest doesn't matter. That friendship does not exist. That love is also a fairy tale. The school taught me to lie, command, swear, arrogance and the desire for grades instead of knowledge.

Now we have 90 percent of people with education, more than half of them also have higher education. So what? At the same time, there are very few people who are happy, there are also very few harmonious families, only a few and those who have found and realized themselves. But every year more and more people are looking for their own, and the meaning of life. And someone finds himself, and someone drowns out the pain of his own loss with alcohol, computer games and shopping. Do we need such education? Or is it time for a change?

And by the way, getting a certificate if necessary at any age is not difficult. But to get a base that can be laid in family education, somehow later it will not work. Alas.

But lest you think that unschooling is easy, I want to dispel your myths. It won't suit everyone. Far from everyone. It has some pretty significant downsides.

• Responsibility is yours alone.

This is the most important and terrible minus. Strictly speaking, she is always on you, these are your children. But at school there is always the opportunity to blame the school itself for something bad. They taught a child bad things there, they spoiled it. It won't work at home. Everything that the child has - you yourself have invested.

• Learn to live differently and manage time differently.

In the usual picture, you rent a child somewhere for the whole day and you can enjoy and do your own thing. And how to manage to live with a child without handing it over anywhere? How to learn to trust him, leaving him alone at home, for example? Or how to do things with him (which can be extremely useful for him in general)? Parents who teach their children themselves will have to change. And strong enough.

• Learn by yourself.

If a child is studying at home, his parent should be one step ahead. That is, we ourselves cannot stop in our development, because it is necessary to set an example, to inspire. We must answer their questions, study, dive. There is no one to whom it can be pushed. We will have to finally become educated ourselves, and not try to appear as such.

• Change your priorities.

When you teach children yourself, you need to give up perfectionism, the race for grades, the arguments “it's just necessary and that's it.” You'll have to get rid of your own school luggage - and it won't be easy. You will need to reconsider both your role in the child's life and the child's role in your life. It is not so easy.

• Adoption.

You will need tremendous acceptance. Because it is easy to force, it is easy to drive everyone into one form. And to see that each child needs his own, and to accept this is difficult. Waiting for a child to become interested in reading is more difficult than getting him to read and write. Accepting his unwillingness to learn English now is difficult. Especially when all the children have been learning it for a long time. It is very difficult. But what a powerful training!

• You will be stalked.

Everyone who is different from the majority receives increased attention. And far from positive. Get ready for hundreds of questions that no one wants to hear answers to, for gloomy forecasts, for being called irresponsible cultists (weird, right? Consciously choosing to educate a child is irresponsible, but putting him in a high-security general cell is taking care of him future). You will be told that you are ruining the life of a child, and so on and so forth.

The cons are quite serious. That's why I say that this system is not for everyone. Many would find it easier home school, reconsider your personal approach to all this, for example, do not give it to after-school and do not torment with lessons. But I am sure that unschooling is the future. Because he is able to reveal the potential of the child and strengthen his relationship with his parents.

Entering unschooling out of desperation and not understanding how else to educate a child in such a way as not to cripple his personality, you will come out of him completely different people. This experience will change you and your children and your relationship with them. This is a real transformation, which is quite painful in the process.

This is our choice, and everyone makes it independently. Even by the fact that it does not make it, it still chooses something. And it's good that now there are opportunities for this. On the Internet you can find a lot of experience of parents whose children do not go to school. Read and legal aspects, and psychological, and how to teach, and what to teach. But this is all secondary. There would be a desire - there will be tools. The only question is what we choose for our children today.

To be continued…

Website

Olga Valyaeva

On one of the school buildings there is a sign "real life begins at school". Sounds affirmative. However, I will allow myself to disagree, referring to home education as an alternative to a comprehensive school. So which is actually better: private tuition or regular school?

Home education in Russia as an alternative to school

Cult in our country school education. Teachers say: “School is your home!” They say that in order to achieve a lot in life, you need to study well. And be sure to attend a regular school.

It is no secret that the quality of school education today leaves much to be desired. The main reason is the change of teaching staff, the low level of qualification of young teachers. And the attitude of many teachers to their official duties leaves much to be desired.

AT modern school give only a template, only theoretical knowledge, but practical survival skills in modern world the child is not getting enough. The only one practical experience is a skill of communication in a team and the habit of being in constant nervous tension.

Many parents understand this too. They want to give their children maximum experience and important knowledge. And, if family wealth allows, they think about home education.

European countries have a completely different approach to learning. For example, in Germany, the priority is the development of the child's abilities, trials of professions and proper career guidance, although the training itself cannot be called in-depth. Students are taught to think, reason, express your opinion, draw conclusions. Much attention is paid to the health of children, them physical development and interests.

Private education in Russia, consisting mainly of

from a large number of circles and sections, can become an analogue of European education and prioritize the development of the child. A private school in Russia has a different mission than regular school, forming a full-fledged, self-confident personality.

Features of private preschool education in Russia

But about the home and less optimism. They are opened for the purpose of making a profit, so all costs are optimized to the minimum, and the staff is paid a penny salary. You should not expect special treatment for your child in a private kindergarten. If it's not a very expensive private Kindergarten. But state kindergartens today receive good funding and are equipped with everything necessary. In addition, parents regularly donate money for toys and stationery.