Gdz in chemistry 10 practical work. The course of experience. Observation

List of laboratory works on "Chemistry"

Laboratory No. 1: 2 parts. "Basic classeschemical compounds, acids, bases, salts"

Laboratory No. 2: 2 parts. "Non-metals and their compounds"

Laboratory No. 3: 3 parts. "Metals"

Laboratory No. 4: 2 parts. "Modeling hydrocarbon molecules."

Laboratory No. 5: "Alcohols, phenols"

Laboratory No. 6: "Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids"

Lab #7: Esters and Fats

Lab #8: "Carbohydrates"

Laboratory No. 9: "Nitrogen-containing compounds"

MAIN CLASSES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF ACID, BASE, SALT

Lab #1

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

To study the properties of acids, bases, salts.

EQUIPMENT:

Tripod, test tubes, spirit lamp. Metals: sodium, calcium, zinc, iron, m/o f/f indicators, litmus. Acids: hydrochloric, sulfuric, base: sodium hydroxide, distilled water, holders, 25 ml burettes, funnels, water, CuO, CuSO 4 , Na 2 CO 3 solution, AL(NO 3 ) 3 , NaCI, ZnCI 2 .

Completing of the work.

Experience 1: general properties acids, bases.

Pour a little distilled water into three test tubes and add a solution of litmus, note the color of the litmus in the water. Add acid to one of the test tubes with litmus solution, and alkali to the other. Observe color changes. Do the same, taking phenolphthalein and methyl orange instead of litmus.

Experiment 2: properties of acids and bases.

Pour 1 ml of acid into a test tube and drop a piece of zinc. What is observed Write the reaction equation.

Experiment 3: Neutralization reaction between acid and hydroxide

sodium.

Pour 1 ml of NaOH solution into a test tube and add a drop of phenolphthalein. What happened Carefully pour the acid solution into this tube until the color disappears.

Write the reaction equation. Make a conclusion.

Experience 4: getting reasons (demonstration).

Drop a piece of metallic sodium or calcium into an evaporating dish. What's happening How to prove that a foundation has formed Write down the reaction equation. Use an indicator for proof.

Experience 5: general properties of salts, hydrolysis of salts, obtaining salts.

Getting salts. Do experiments:

Interaction of copper oxide with sulfuric acid (at t)
Reaction of an acid with a base, an acid with a salt.
Interaction of zinc with copper sulfate solution.

Make a conclusion. Write reaction equations

Experience 6. Hydrolysis of salts

Completing of the work.

Pour into a test tube a solution of salt (Na 2 CO 3 , Al(NO 3 ) 3 ,NaCl, ZnCl 2 etc.) and test it for litmus or phenolphthalein or methyl orange. Record observations in a table.

Salt Formula	Solution medium	What is salt formed from
	neutral	sour	alkaline
Na2CO3
Al(NO 3 ) 3 ,
NaCl
ZnCl 2

Make a conclusion about the hydrolysis reaction of the mediumand write down the reaction equations for the hydrolysis of salts in molecular and ionic form.

Test questions.

Give definitions: acid, salt, base.
Determine the oxidation states of elements in compounds:

Mg (NO 3) 2, Na 3 PO 4, H 2 CO 3, K 2 Cr 2 O 7, H 2 CO 3.

Perform transformations:

FeCl 3  Fe (OH) 3  Fe 2 O 3  Fe 2 (SO 4) 3  Fe (OH) 3.
Cl 2  HCl  ZnCl 2  Zn(OH) 2  Na 2 ZnO 2.

Write down the reaction equations for the hydrolysis of salts in molecular and ionic form, determine the reaction of the medium:

Na 2 S, Na 3 PO 4, CuCl 2, KCl

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Topic: Non-metals and their compounds.

Lab #2

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

To study the method of obtaining carbon monoxide (4), its properties, to observe changes in properties using the example of halogens.

EQUIPMENT:

Kipp's apparatus, Stand with test tubes, chemical beakers, alcohol lamp, marble, lime water, litmus, hydrochloric acid, NaOH solution, matches, alcohol, cotton wool, splinter, water, methyl orange, vent tube, cork, porcelain cup. Salts of MgCO 3, VaCO 3, Na 2 CO 3 , diluted HCl, chlorine water, fuchsin or indigo. Solution of Kj and KBr 2

Completing of the work.

Experience 1: receiving and properties carbon dioxide.

Place 2 - 3 pieces of marble or chalk into the assembled device for obtaining gas and pour dilute hydrochloric acid (1: 4) through the funnel. Fill three glasses in succession with the emitted carbon dioxide and cover them with cardboard. Filling can be judged by the attenuation of a hot splinter brought to the hole of the glass. We save the glasses with carbon dioxide for the next experiments. Write down the reaction equation for carbon dioxide production.

Experience 2: properties of carbon dioxide.

Throw a small piece of cotton wool soaked in alcohol into a glass and set it on fire with a burning splinter. Then carefully pour into it (like water) carbon dioxide from one glass filled in the previous experiment. The burning of alcohol stops.

Make a conclusion.

Experience 3: the solubility of carbon dioxide in water.

Pour blue litmus or methyl orange into a test tube and pass carbon dioxide through the solution. What are you observing Write the reaction equation.

Make a conclusion.

Experience 4: properties of lime water.

Pour lime water into a test tube for one quarter of its volume and pass carbon dioxide through the solution. Observe the formation of a white precipitate. Write the reaction equation.

Experience 5: interaction of carbon dioxide with sodium hydroxide.

Fill the test tube with carbon dioxide, stopper and invert into a porcelain cup with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide. Open the stopper under the liquid. The liquid enters the test tube. Record observations. Write the equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.

Experience 6: the action of acids on salts of carbonic acid.

Pour a little MgCO into one test tube 3 to another VaCO 3 or Na 2 CO 3 and add dilute hydrochloric acid to the test tube. Observe the dissolution of salts and the release of gases, write the equation in molecular and ionic form.

Topic: Properties of sulfur compounds.

Target: Determine the qualitative reaction to ions

1. and its salts

2. Properties of the ion

3. Make a complete, ionic and reduced equation

4. Determine the degree of oxidation and draw up an OVR.

EQUIPMENT: 1. workshop

2. tables

3. a set of chemical glassware and reagents.

PROGRESS.

Experience number 1. Quality work on the ion

A) 2-3 drops of a salt solution were added to 1 ml of sulfuric acid solution Observation: a white crystalline precipitate fell out

H 2 SO 4 + BaCL 2 \u003d BaSO 4 + 2HCl

Conclusion:

B) To 1 ml of salt solution Na2SO4 add 2-3 drops of salt solution BaCl2

Observation

Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 \u003d BaSO 4 + 2NaCl

Conclusion:

Experience No. 2 Reducing properties of compounds of sulfurous acid and its salt.

A) To 1 ml KMnO salt solution 4 poured 5-6 drops of H solution 2 SO 4 and 0.5 ml of Na solution 2 SO 3

Observations:

KMnO 4 + H 2 SO 4 + Na 2 SO 3 = MnSO 4 + Na 2 SO 4 + K 2 SO 4 + H 2 O

Mn +7 + 5e = Mn +2  10 

S +4 - 2e = S +6  10 

B) To 1 ml of KMnO salt solution 4 poured 2-3 drops of KOH solution and 0.5 ml of Na salt solution 2 SO 3

Observation: the raspberry solution turned emerald green and then turned brown.

KMnO 4 + KOH + Na 2 SO 3 = K 2 MnO 4 + Na 2 SO 4 + KOH

Mn +7 + 1e = Mn +6  2 

S + 4 - 2e = S +6  2 

Conclusion:

Perform a task:

1. Write the equation for a qualitative reaction:

1.1 per ion

1.2 per ion

2. Write the equation for the dissociation of acids: sulfuric, sulphurous, hydrogen sulfide.

test questions

METALS.

Lab #3

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

To study the properties of metals and their compounds.

EQUIPMENT:

Stand, test tubes, spirit lamp, holders, СuSO solution 4 , cloves, lime water, glass tubes, alcohol, cotton wool.

Completing of the work.

Experiment 1: displacement of metals from salt solutions by others

Metals.

Pour 2 - 3 ml. into test tubes of a solution of copper sulphate and lower the carnation (Fe). Watch what's going on Write the reaction equation in molecular and ionic form.

Experience 2: the conversion of calcium carbonates to bicarbonate and

Bicarbonate to carbonate.

Pour a quarter of a tube of lime water and pass carbon dioxide through the solution. Watch what's going on Continue to pass carbon dioxide until a clear solution is obtained. Save the solution for future use.

2. Pour the resulting clear solution into two test tubes. Heat one test tube with the solution to a boil, and add lime water to the other. Watch what's happening. Record observations. Write the reaction equation according to the scheme:

Ca (OH) 2 + CO 2  CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O  Ca (HCO 3) 2 CaCO 3

 + Ca (OH) 2

CaCO 3

Experience 3: interaction of alkali metals with water. (Demonstration)

Pour water into a porcelain cup (or crystallizer) and drop in a piece of metallic sodium, then repeat with calcium. What is observed Check the solution with an indicator - phenolphthalein. Write down the reaction equation.

Make a conclusion about the activity of alkali and alkaline earth metals.

EQUIPMENT:

Stand, test tubes, porcelain cup, metals, sodium, calcium, phenolphthalein, MnSO salt solution 4 , sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, aluminum salt Na 2 CO 3 , water, indicator - litmus.

Experience 4: obtaining manganese hydroxide (2) researching it

Properties

To a solution of salt MnSO 4 , add NaOH. Pour the resulting precipitate together with the solution into two test tubes. Into one of them pour a solution of sulfuric or of hydrochloric acid and leave the other in the air. Record observations. Write in molecular and other forms the equations of reactions occurring between: a salt of manganese and sulfuric acid. Salt of manganese and NaOH, Mn (OH), water and atmospheric oxygen, with the formation of Mn (OH).

Experience 4 (1): hydrolysis of aluminum salts.

Add sodium carbonate to a solution of aluminum salt in a test tube. Observe the precipitation of a white amorphous precipitate and the release of carbon dioxide bubbles.

Al 2 (SO) 3 or Al (NO 3) 3 use in react:

Al 2 (SO 4) 3 + 3Na 2 CO 3 \u003d Al 2 (CO 3) 3 + 3Na 2 SO 4

2Al + 3CO 3 2- + 6HOH \u003d 2Al (OH) 3 + 3 CO 2 + 3H 2 O

Write the reaction equation:

A) Al interaction 2 (CO 3 ) 3 with water.

B) interaction of aluminum salt with sodium carbonate.

Combine the first and second reaction equations into one final molecular and ionic form.

Conclude -did it undergo complete hydrolysis

Experiment 4 (2): test of a solution of aluminum salts of indicators.

Examine solutions: aluminum sulfate or aluminum chloride or aluminum nitrate for litmus.

Make a conclusion. Write the equation for the hydrolysis reaction.

PROPERTIES OF IRON COMPOUNDS.

EQUIPMENT:

Rack with test tubes, FeSO salt solutions 4, FeCl3 , sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric and sulphuric acid, KMnO solution 4 , chlorine water, NH solution 4 CNS solution K 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ).

Experience 5:

Pour a solution of FeSO into a test tube to one quarter of its volume. 4 . And pour the same amount of sodium or potassium hydroxide solution. What is observed?

Experience 6:

To the Fe (OH) obtained in the previous experiment 2 add hydrochloric acid until the precipitate dissolves. What are you watching?

Experience 7:

Pour a solution of iron chloride III into a test tube to one quarter of its volume and add the same amount of sodium hydroxide solution. What is observed?

Experience 8:

Add a solution of sulfuric acid to the one obtained in the previous experiment (7) until the precipitate dissolves. Write the reactions in molecular and ionic form, name the resulting substances and indicate which of them is in the oxide.

Experience 9: oxidation of iron sulfate with potassium permanganate.

Pour 1–2 ml into a test tube. a solution of potassium permanganate, a little dilute sulfuric acid and a solution of FeSO 4 (you can throw a few crystals instead of a solution.

Record observations and write reaction equations).

Experience 10:

Pour about 2 ml into the test tube. ferric chloride solution (2) and add the same amount of perchloric acid. How did the color of the solution change? Explain the phenomenon. Write the reaction equation. What is oxidized, what is restored?

Experience 11: the interaction of iron salts (3) with ammonium rhodonite and

Iron salts (2) with red blood salt K 3 Fe(CN 6 ).

To a solution of ferric chloride add a solution of ammonium rhodonite NH 4 CNS. How has the color changed? Write the equation in molecular and ionic form.

Experience 11 (2):

To a solution of iron chloride (2) or FeSO 4 add red blood salt to salt 2  Fe(CN) 6  . What is observed? Write the equation in molecular and ionic form.

EQUIPMENT:

Stand, test tubes, spirit lamps, solutions: chromium salts (3) sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, solution K 2 Cr 2 O 7 Na 2 SO 4 , sulfuric acid, solution K 2 CrO 4 .

Experience 12: properties of chromium compounds.

In a test tube with a solution of chromium salt Cr (NO 3 ) 3 add NaOH solution dropwise until a precipitate forms. Pour the resulting precipitate into two test tubes. Pour a solution of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid into one of them, and NaOH into the other. What is observed?

Write the equations for the following reactions:

Cr(NO 3 ) 3 c NaOH
Cr(OH)3 with sulfuric acid
Cr(OH) 3 with excess NaOH

Experience 13: oxidizing properties dichromates.

To a solution of K 2 cr 2 O 7 add a solution of sulfuric acid, and then a solution of sodium sulphide (Na 2 SO 3 ). Observe color change. Write the equation for the redox reaction.

Experience 14: conversion of chromates to dichromates and processing.

To a solution of K 2 CrO 4 add sulfuric acid solution. Observe color change. Add sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to the resulting solution. Observe color changes. Record observations and reaction equations.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

MODELING OF HYDROCARBON MOLECULES.

Laboratory No. 4

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

Use of Species Knowledge chemical bond(covalent polar and non-polar) for modeling hydrocarbon molecules:

Alkanov, Alkenov, Alkinov, Arenov

EQUIPMENT:

Markers, colored pencils, rulers.

The work consists of individual tasks for modeling hydrocarbon molecules.

Exercise 1.

To study models of molecules of methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene.

Task 2.

Draw models of molecules - methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, octane, decane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene.

Model hydrocarbon molecules - electronic, structural formulas.

Write down chemical reactions:

Combustion of methane, ethylene, acetylene.
Interaction of methane with chlorine (by stages)
Hydrogenation reactions of propylene and ethine
Ethylene polymerization reaction.
Wurtz reaction (interaction of halogenated alkanes with sodium).

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

To study the method of obtaining ethylene and its properties, as well as to get acquainted with the ratio of rubber and rubber to an organic solvent.

EQUIPMENT:

Tripods, test tubes, gas tubes, holders, a metal tripod, a mixture of ethyl alcohol with concentrated sulfuric acid, sand or pieces of penza, solutions (pale pink potassium permanganate), bromine water (light yellow solution), spirit lamps, a glass of water, a splinter.

Prepare rubber and rubber in a solution of benzene or gasoline.

Completing of the work

Experience 1: obtaining and properties of ethylene.

Assemble the device: pour 10 - 20 ml of a pre-prepared mixture of ethyl (wine) alcohol to concentrated sulfuric acid into a test tube "a", for uniform boiling add 0.5 of river sand (calcined) or a piece of pumice to the mixture, close the test tube with a cork with a gas outlet tube and fasten it in the tripod clamp, fill the glass with water and lower test tubes (two) filled with water into it.

Lower the end of the gas outlet tube into a glass of water so that the latter almost touches the bottom of the glass. Start heating the mixture in test tube "a" and when all the air is expelled from it, fill two test tubes with the released gas. The mixture turns black. When the test tubes are filled with gas, remove the gas outlet tube from the beaker. Do not remove test tubes with gas from the water.

Experience 2: burning ethylene.

Close the test tube with gas under water with your finger, remove it from the glass, turn it upside down and add a hot splinter into it. Set fire to the second test tube with gas. Write an equation for the reaction.

Experience 3: interaction of ethylene with a solution of permanganate

Potassium and bromine water.

Pass the gas outlet tube with gas through KMnO solutions 4 and bromine water. Observe the disappearance of the color of the solution. Record observations. Write the reaction equations:

A) obtaining ethylene.

B) Combustion of ethylene.

C) Addition of bromine to ethylene in molecular and structural form.

Experience 4: familiarization with the properties of rubber.

a) Place a piece of raw (not vulcanized) in one test tube

Rubber, in the other - rubber (trimmings from traffic jams). Pour gasoline -

Watch what happened? (prepared in advance by a laboratory assistant) in a few days.

b) Pour the solution into a test tube with a solution of rubber in benzene or gasoline

bromine.

What are you watching?

Give answers:

test questions

What is a homologous series?
What kind Chemical properties most characteristic of alkanes, alkenes?
Write the structural form of 2,2,4 - trimethylpentane?

4. Name the types of isomerism.

5. Define the polymerization reaction, give an example.

6. What reaction is called qualitative?

Give an example of a qualitative reaction to alkenes

Lab #5

Theme 10

"Alcohols. Phenols»

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

To get acquainted with the dissolution of glycerol, the qualitative reaction to glycerol and the properties of phenol.

EQUIPMENT:

Stand with test tubes, spirit lamp, glycerin, water CuSO solution 4 , NaOH solution, phenol, H 2 SO 4 or Hcl, bromine water.

PROGRESS:

Experience 1: dissolution of glycerin in water and its interaction with

copper oxide hydrate.

To 1 ml. water 2 - 3 drops of glycerin. Shake. Pay attention to solubility.
To a dilute solution of CuSO 4 add a small excess of NaOH. Drain excess liquid from Cu(OH) 2 , shake the rest in 2 - 3 ml. water and add it to the previously obtained solution in water.

Draw a conclusion and write the reaction through the structural formula between

glycerol and Cu(OH) 2 .

Experience 2: properties of phenol.

Shake a few crystals of phenol in a test tube with water (to avoid burns, do not cover the test tube with your fingers).
To the resulting turbid liquid, add an alkali solution - NaOH until the turbidity disappears.
Add H to the resulting clear solution. 2 SO 4 or HCl until cloudy.
To 1 ml. add bromine water drop by drop, first turbidity forms, when shaken it disappears: with further addition of bromine water (3 - 4 ml.), an abundant white precipitate is excreted - tribromphenol.

To conclude and write in molecular and structural form

reactions:

A) phenol with NaOH.

B) sodium phenolate with H 2 SO 4 .

C) phenol with bromine (bromine water).

Test questions.

Why is glycerin called a polyhydric alcohol?
What reagent can detect polyhydric alcohols?
How can from glycerin and nitric acid get nitroglycerin?
Can copper glycolate be considered a complex compound? Why is a solution of phenol C 6 H 5 Is it called carbolic acid?

6. Write down the structural formulas of ethylene glycol, ethanol, phenol.

7. Write down a qualitative reaction to phenol.

Lab #6

"Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids."

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

Familiarize yourself with the chemical properties of aldehydes and the properties acetic acid.

EQUIPMENT:

Stand with test tubes, spirit lamps, ammonia solution of silver oxide, solutions of copper sulphate and NaOH, formalin, CH3 COOH, CH salt3 COONa, gas outlet pipes, N2 SO4 (concentrated), shavings, Mg powder, blue litmus, a glass of water, holders.

PROGRESS:

Experiment 1: Aldehyde Oxidation – Silver Mirror Reaction

In a clean test tube (washed with alkali, then with a chromium mixture and water), pour a quarter of its volume of an ammonia solution of silver oxide, add 5-10 drops of formalin. Shake and gently heat the mixture by rotating the test tube around the flame of the burner (better to keep the test tube in a glass of boiling water).
Oxidation with copper hydroxide.

To a few drops of a solution of copper sulphate add a solution of caustic sodium - NaOH. Shake. To the resulting liquid with a precipitate of copper hydroxide, add 5-10 drops of formalin and heat the mixture. Watch for color change.

To conclude.

Write the reaction equation:

a) methanal (structural formula) with an ammonia solution of silver oxide.

Why is this reaction called the "silver mirror reaction"?

b) methanal with copper hydroxide (2).

Experience 2: obtaining and properties of acetic acid.

Pour into a test tube 3 - 5g. sodium acetate, add a little concentrated sulfuric acid, so as to moisten the salt. Close the test tube with a gas outlet tube, the free end of which is lowered into an empty test tube in cold water. Heat the mixture until CH is collected in the tube.3 COOH.
The resulting acid is divided into two parts, diluted with water and omit the blue litmus.
Combine the second part of the test tube with acid with magnesium, ignite the gas.

To conclude.

Record reactions:

Getting CH3 UNSD
The dissociation reaction CH3 UN.
CH interaction3 COOH with Mg in molecular and ionic form.
Write down the esterification reaction between ethanol and formic acid.

test questions

What are aldehydes?
What substances are formed during the oxidation of aldehydes?
What aldehyde can be obtained by the oxidation of ethanol?
How to get carboxylic acids?
What is formalin?
Write the chemical properties of carboxylic acids using the example of ethanoic (acetic) acid.

Laboratory work number 7.

Topic 12:

"Ethers. Fats»

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

Familiarize yourself with the properties of fats, saponification, comparative properties of soap and synthetic detergents (s.m.s.)

EQUIPMENT:

Racks with test tubes, water, acetic acid (concentrated), organic solvents - gasoline, acetone and other ethers, solvent fat and other fats. Soap - solid and (sms) any. Alcohol lamps, phenol-phthalene, CaCl2 H2 SO4 , HCl, bromine water, porcelain cups, triplets, NaOH, alcohol, glass rods, glasses and cylinder.

PROGRESS:

Experience 1: properties of fats.

Pour into a test tube: water, gasoline, ether, acetone and other liquids, add a piece of fat or a few drops of vegetable fat, shake everything thoroughly, observe in which test tube the fat has dissolved.

Experience 2: properties of soap.

Finely chip the soap and dissolve in water by heating the water. Pour the soapy solution into test tubes. Pour 2-3 drops of phenolphthalene into one, an equal volume of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid into another, and the same amount of calcium chloride solution into the third. Observe what happens and write down the reactions in molecular and ionic form.

Experience 3: evidence of the unsaturated nature of fats.

Pour 2 ml into one test tube. sunflower oil, in the second place a piece of solid fat (heat). Add some bromine water to the contents of all test tubes. What is observed?

Experience 4: saponification of fats.

Place 3g in a porcelain cup. fats, margarine, or butter and pour 7 - 8 ml. a solution containing 0.2 NaOH in mass fractions. To speed up the reaction, add 1 - 2 ml. ethanol. Boil the mixture for 15 minutes, stirring with a glass rod and adding water until baseline. Check saponification as follows: if no droplets of fat float on the surface of the water during cooling (saponification has passed).

Experience 5: comparative properties of soap and synthetic detergents

funds.

Prepare in 3 flasks of 50 ml. dilute solutions: soap, powder.

Pour in 2-3 ml. prepared solutions in test tubes, add a few drops of phenolphthalein solutions. Observe the appearance of crimson coloration.

Experience 6: synthesis of ethyl ester of acetic acid.

Pour 1-2 ml into a test tube. concentrated acetic acid and the same amount of ethanol, add 0.5 ml. concentrated sulfuric acid. Stir the mixture of these substances for 4-5 minutes. Heat carefully without boiling. Then cool the contents of the test tube and pour into another test tube with water.

test questions

What is saponification and for what purposes is the process of saponification of fats used?
Why is soap solution alkaline?
What is an esterification reaction?
What does the clarification of bromine water indicate?
Write the reaction equations between:

methyl alcohol and acetic acid
propyl alcohol and butyric acid

Name the resulting compounds.

Lab #8

Topic 13

"Carbohydrates"

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

To study the properties of carbohydrates using the example of glucose, sucrose, starch.

EQUIPMENT:

Test tubes, spirit lamps, solutions: glucose, sucrose, starch, iodine, copper sulfate, alkali, calcium hydroxide, ammonia solution of silver oxide, sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide, potatoes, bread.

PROGRESS:

Experiment 1: Interaction of glucose with copper hydroxide (2) and

ammonia solution of silver oxide.

To 2-3 ml. add 1 ml of glucose solution. NaOH and 2-3 drops of CuSO solution4 .Shake the test tube until you get a liquid colored in Blue colour. Carefully heat up - observe the transition of the blue color of the solution to green, then yellow - red, or brown precipitate.
Pour a quarter of its volume of ammonia solution of silver into a clean test tube, add 5-10 drops of glucose solution. Shake and gently heat over a burner flame or in a water bath.

What is observed?

Record reactions

Structural formula of glucose.
CuSO interaction4 with sodium hydroxide NaOH.
Glucose (write formula structural) with copper hydroxide (2).
Glucose with ammonia solution of silver oxide (reaction of "silver mirror").

Experience 2: interaction of sucrose with calcium hydroxide

(Ca(OH)2 ).

1g dissolve sucrose in 5 - 6 ml. water. Add dropwise stirred milk of lime (Ca(OH)2 ). What are you watching? Add Ca(OH)2 until a white precipitate forms. Then filter and divide the filtrate into two tubes:

a) pass carbon dioxide through one part of the filtrate, heat the second part of the filtrate until a white precipitate of three-calcic saccharate is formed.

FROM12 H22 O11  3СаО 2H2 O

Experience 3: preparation of starch paste: iodine test.

hydrolysis of starch.

Pour into a test tube 0.5 g. starch, add a quarter of the test tube cold water and shake well. In a glass of liquid with starch and boil, and allow the mixture to cool.

Add iodine water to the test tube with the remaining starch paste. What is observed?

Make a cut of a potato and drop iodine water, what do you observe?

Pour a small amount of starch paste into a test tube and add 1 ml to it. sulfuric acid solution, boil for 2-3 minutes. Cool the solution and then add a few drops of iodine water, no blue color should appear.

Record Observations

To concludeand write the reactions of starch hydrolysis with the formation of glucose.

test questions

What is the structure of a glucose molecule?
How is fructose different from glucose?
What carbohydrates are formed during the hydrolysis of sucrose?
What qualitative reagents can be detected: glucose, sucrose, starch?
What products are formed during the alcoholic fermentation of glucose?
Why does starch with sulfuric acid, after boiling, not give a blue color with iodine water?

Laboratory work number 9.

Topic 14

"Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds"

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

To study the properties of proteins and conduct research on the properties of thermoplastic polymers (polyethylene, polystyrene) and other substances.

EQUIPMENT:

Rack with test tubes, protein solution, CuSO solutions4 , НNO3 , alcohol lamps, alkalis - NaOH, KOH, nylon resin, glass rods, flour.

Polyethylene, polystyrene, acetone, holders, fishing line, cardboard, glass rod, blue litmus, KmnO solution4 , PVC.

PROGRESS:

Experience 1: properties of proteins: coagulation, color reactions.

Pour egg white solution into a test tube (a quarter of the volume) and heat. What are you watching?
Pour into a test tube (a quarter of the volume) egg white and add a few drops concentrated acid nitrogen, heat. Cool the mixture and add ammonia solution to it until the color changes. What is observed?
Pour the protein (a quarter of the test tube), add the same amount of sodium hydroxide solution - NaOH and 2 - 3 drops of copper sulphate solution - СuSO4 . Heat up. What is observed?
Pour into a test tube about 0.5 g. wheat flour, add 3 - 5 drops of nitric acid (conc.) - HNO3 . Heat up. Cool and add ammonia solution. What is observed? What signs indicate the presence of protein in flour?

Note:these methods will help to detect protein in milk, meat, cottage cheese, wool.

Study of the properties of thermoplastic polymers (polyethylene, polystyrene).

Thermoplasticity.
Flammability.
Relation to the solution of acids, alkalis, oxidizers.

PROGRESS:

Polyethylene.
Polystyrene.
Pay attention to the appearance of these polymers.
Combustion (introduce into the flame of an alcohol lamp).
The ratio of polymers to acids, to acetone.
Obtaining threads from nylon resin.

Place a piece of a kapron product (fishing line) into a test tube and gently heat it. Draw a viscous liquid into a thin thread with a glass rod.

Note:in order to avoid contamination of the test tubes, you can do the experiment on capron with tongs.

Detection of chlorine in polyvinyl chloride.

Verify:non-flammable, resistant to chemicals, easy to paint? Oilcloths, raincoats, briefcases, artificial leather for shoes, etc. are made from plastic. They are used to insulate wires and cables. Pieces of plastic are slightly heated in a test tube or porcelain cup. Check if softening is taking place? When burning, the smell spreads - what?

Add wet blue litmus paper to gaseous products, and then a glass rod moistened with ammonia solution. If you place pieces of PVC in test tubes with solutions of acids, alkalis. What is observed?

Draw a conclusionfor the study of the properties of polymers

Test questions.

To characterize polymers: polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride?
Write down their formulas physical properties and application in industry, in everyday life.

Laboratory work number 10.

Topic

"Amphoteric properties and hydrolysis of salts."

PURPOSE OF THE WORK:

Familiarize yourself with hydrolysis reactions and the properties of amphoteric compounds

EQUIPMENT:

Rack with test tubes, Na solutions2 SO3 , NaSO3 , Al(NO3 ) 3 , NaCl, FeCl3 , NaNO3 , ZnCl2 Al2 (SO4 ) 3 , Pb(NO3 ) 2 , HCl, HNO3 , distill. water, indicators: phenolphthalein, methyl orange, litmus, NaOH.

PROGRESS:

Experience 1: testing salt solutions with an indicator. Full

salt hydrolysis.

Pour some salt into a test tube and test its effect on litmus by putting a drop of the solution on red and blue paper with a glass rod. Record observations in a table.

Write the reaction equations for the hydrolysis of salts, the solutions of which had an acidic or alkaline reaction. Write the reaction equations in molecular and ionic form.

To a solution of aluminum salt in a test tube add a solution of sodium carbonate.

Observe the precipitation of a white amorphous precipitate and the release of bubbles.

carbon dioxide. Write the reaction equation:

The interaction of aluminum salt with carbon dioxide.

Reaction of aluminum carbonate with water.

Combine the first and second reaction equations into one final equation.

Write the same equations in ionic form.

Experience 2: obtaining zinc hydroxide and testing its amphoteric

properties.

Pour half a test tube of a solution of some zinc salt and add a few drops of sodium hydrate or potassium hydroxide until a white precipitate forms. Pour the resulting solution together with the precipitate into two test tubes. Pour alkali into one, and acids into the other until the precipitate dissolves. Record observations and reactions.

Experience 3: obtaining aluminum hydroxide and testing it

amphoteric properties.

Pour half a tube of aluminum sulphate solution and add a few drops until a white precipitate forms. Pour the resulting solution together with the precipitate into two test tubes. Pour alkali into one of them, and hydrochloric or sulfuric acid into the other until the precipitate dissolves. Record observations and reactions.

Experience 4: properties of lead compounds.

Pour a quarter of the test tube with a solution of lead nitrate and add sodium hydroxide solution dropwise to it until a white precipitate forms. Pour the resulting solution together with the precipitate into two test tubes. Pour dilute nitric acid into one of the test tubes, and excess sodium hydroxide into the other until the precipitate dissolves.

Test questions.

What are hydrolysis reactions?
Why does the hydrolysis of sodium carbonate not release carbonic acid?
Compose abbreviated ionic forms - hydrolysis of salts: K2 S, Fe2 SO3 , CuSO4 , TO3 RO4 ?
Write reaction equations for Zn(OH)2 with alkali and acid. Al(OH)3 with alkali and acid?

Practical work No. 1

Equipment:

Reagents: solutions of glycerin, ethyl alcohol, copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide.

Target:

Progress

INSTRUCTIONS

Think about problem solving.

Complete tasks.

What they were doing?

What did you observe?

reaction conditions.

Conclusion. Reaction equations.

Option 1

Tasks:

1. Solutions are poured in two test tubes with numbers: ethyl alcohol and glycerin.

Define them.

2. Prove that polyethylene contains carbon and hydrogen.

Additional task

HCI KOH (alcohol)

CH3 - CH2 - CH = CH2 A B

Practical work No. 1

"Solving experimental problems for the identification organic compounds»

Equipment: stand with test tubes, spirit lamp, test tube holder, matches.

Reagents: solutions of glycerin, ethyl alcohol, copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, methyl orange.

Target: develop in students the ability to carry out characteristic reactions for organic matter, consolidate general laboratory and organizational skills.

Progress

INSTRUCTIONS

Write down the topic of the practical lesson and the number of the option in your notebook.

Think about problem solving.

Complete tasks.

Prepare a report on the work using the table:

What they were doing?

What did you observe?

reaction conditions.

Conclusion. Reaction equations.

Tidy up your workspace.

Option 2.

1. Solutions are poured in two test tubes with numbers: ethyl alcohol and acetic acid.

Define them.

2. Prove that the given substance is glycerin.

Additional task

KOH (alcohol) HBr

CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 Br A B

"practical work No. 2"

PRACTICAL WORK №2

"Recognition of plastics and fibers"

Equipment and reagents: numbered samples of plastics and fibers, a spirit lamp, matches, glass rods, crucible tongs, asbestos nets.

Recognition of plastics

In different packages under the numbers there are samples of plastics. Using the data below, determine which plastic is under which number.

Polyethylene. Translucent, elastic, greasy to the touch material. When heated, it softens, threads can be pulled out of the melt. Burns with a bluish flame, spreading the smell of molten paraffin, continues to burn outside the flame.

Polyvinyl chloride. An elastic or rigid material, when heated, quickly softens, decomposes with the release of hydrogen chloride. It burns with a smoky flame, does not burn outside the flame.

Polystyrene. May be transparent or opaque, often brittle. When heated, it softens, it is easy to pull the threads out of the melt. Burns with a smoky flame, spreading the smell of styrene, continues to burn outside the flame.

Polymethyl methacrylate. Usually transparent, may have a different color. When heated, it softens, the threads do not stretch. It burns with a yellowish flame with a blue border and a characteristic crackle, spreading an ethereal smell.

Phenol-formaldehyde plastic. Dark tones (from brown to black). Decomposes when heated. Lights up with difficulty, spreading the smell of phenol, outside the flame it gradually goes out.

Fiber recognition

Different numbered bags contain fiber samples. Use the information below to determine which fiber is under which number.

Cotton. It burns quickly, spreading the smell of burnt paper, leaving gray ash after combustion.

Wool, natural silk. It burns slowly, with the smell of burnt feathers; after combustion, a black ball is formed, which turns into powder when rubbed.

Acetate fibre. It burns quickly, forming a non-brittle, sintered ball of dark brown color. Unlike other fibers, it dissolves in acetone.

Kapron. When heated, it softens, then melts, threads can be pulled out of the melt. It burns, spreading an unpleasant odor.

Lavsan. When heated, it melts, threads can be pulled out of the melt. It burns with a smoky flame with the formation of a dark shiny ball.

Color, appearance.

Lit or not. The nature of combustion. Smell.

Write the formulas of the starting substances and the formulas of the polymers of the samples

What class do these fiber samples belong to?

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"practical #1 new mine"

Practical work No. 1

"Solving experimental problems for the identification of organic compounds"

Equipment: stand with test tubes, spirit lamp, test tube holder, matches.

Reagents: solutions of glycerin, copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, protein solution, milk, starch paste, alcohol solution of iodine, concentrated HN O 3, glucose solution, ammonia solution of Ag O, water.

Target: to form in students the ability to carry out characteristic reactions for organic substances, to consolidate general laboratory and organizational skills.

ATTENTION!

Repeat the safety rules!

Progress

INSTRUCTIONS

Write in your notebook the topic of the practical lesson, the purpose of the work.

Experiment No. 1: add an ammonia solution of silver oxide to a glucose solution in a test tube and heat the test tube. What are you watching?

Experiment No. 2: Pour a glucose solution into a test tube. Add sodium hydroxide solution to it, and then copper sulfate. What are you watching? Add a little water to the resulting solution and heat it on the flame of an alcohol lamp so that only the upper part of the solution warms up. Stop heating as soon as color changes begin.

Experience No. 3: Add 1 drop of an alcohol solution of iodine to a solution of starch paste. What are you watching? Drop a piece of bread with an alcohol solution of iodine. What are you watching? Make a conclusion.

Experiment No. 4: pour a little copper sulfate into a test tube and add a little sodium hydroxide solution until a blue precipitate forms. Add glycerin drop by drop to the resulting precipitate and shake the mixture. What's happening?

Experiment No. 5: pour a little egg protein solution into a test tube and add a few drops of concentrated nitric acid. Gently heat the resulting mixture until a yellow precipitate forms. Repeat this experiment with the milk solution. Make a conclusion about the presence of protein and the specificity of this reaction.

Experiment No. 8: pour 2-3 ml of protein solution and 2-3 ml of sodium hydroxide solution into a test tube, then 1-2 ml of copper sulfate solution. What are you watching?

Prepare a report on the work using the table:

What they were doing?

What did you observe?

reaction conditions.

Conclusion. Reaction equations.

Make a conclusion.
Tidy up your workspace.

Target:

Equipment:

View document content
“Chemistry Grade 10 Practical work No. 2. "Obtaining ethylene and experiments with it"

Practical work 2.

"Obtaining ethylene and experiments with it"

Target:

to consolidate students' knowledge on the topic "Alkanes. Alkenes”, to teach how to obtain ethylene and conduct experiments with it;

improve the ability to receive gaseous substances in the simplest devices, observing the safety rules;

develop a sense of responsibility and teamwork.

Equipment: on the students' tables: a laboratory stand with a foot, a spirit lamp, matches, test tubes in a stand, a gas outlet tube, sand, bromine water, potassium permanganate solution, ethanol, concentrated sulfuric acid.

During the classes

1. Safety briefing against signature.

Then together we analyze the course of practical work point by point, I stop

detail on the utmost care when carrying out practical work.

2. Students begin to draw up practical work in notebooks for

practical work: write down the number, topic, goal, equipment.

3. Then do the practical work. The issued test tube with a ready-made

a mixture of ethyl alcohol (2 - 3 ml), concentrated sulfuric acid

(6 - 9 ml) and calcined sand are closed with a gas outlet tube, strengthened

in a laboratory rack and begin heating gently, starting with the warm-up

the entire test tube.

a) C 2 H 5 OH → H 2 C \u003d CH 2 + H 2 O

ethyl alcohol ethylene

The end of the gas outlet tube is lowered into a test tube into which 2-3 ml is poured

bromine water. After a while, the escaping gas becomes colorless.

bromine water. This means that it happened chemical reaction, and formed

new stuff:

b) H 2 C \u003d CH 2 + Br 2 → CH 2 Br - CH 2 Br

ethylene 1,2 - dibromoethane

4. After the bromine water has discolored, pour 2-3 ml into another test tube

dilute potassium permanganate solution, acidified with sulfuric acid,

and also pass the resulting gas through it. Over time

the color disappears, the solution becomes transparent, which means also here

a chemical reaction took place and a new substance was formed:

H 2 C \u003d CH 2 + [O] + H 2 O → CH 2 - CH 2

ethylene ׀ ׀

ethylene glycol

5. After the performed experiments, remove the gas outlet tube from the test tube and

set fire to the gas released, it burns with a luminous flame. Ethylene, like everything

hydrocarbons burns to form carbon dioxide and water:

C 2 H 4 + 3O 2 → 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O

6. After finishing work on the desktop, put things in order and proceed to

registration of work in a notebook: describe the entire course of work, sketch

figure 19 on page 56, as you work, write the equations for the corresponding

reactions, at the end of the work draw a conclusion, while answering all questions for

independent conclusions, at the end of the lesson, notebooks are submitted for verification.

10th grade student

_____________________________

Laboratory experiments

Lab experience #1the date _________

Determination of the elemental composition of organic compounds

Target: learn to determine the elemental composition of organic substances.

Equipment and reagents: beaker, paraffin candle, splinter, lime water.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Laboratory experiment No. 2the date _________

Making models of hydrocarbon molecules.

Target: learn how to assemble models of the simplest hydrocarbons.

Equipment and reagents: plasticine 2 colors, matches.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.174.

Progress:

Picture

Description of the building

Model of the methane molecule

Butane molecule model

Isobutane molecule model

Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Lab experience #3the date _________

Detection of unsaturated compounds in liquid petroleum products.

Target: learn to detect unsaturated compounds in liquid petroleum products.

Equipment and reagents: liquid petroleum products, iodine solution, potassium permanganate solution.

The content and order of the experiment

Progress

p/p

Substance recognition reagents

Observations

conclusions

Potassium permanganate solution

Iodine solution

Laboratory experiment No. 4the date _________

Preparation and properties of acetylene.

Target: to study the laboratory method for obtaining acetylene, to find out its properties.

Equipment and reagents: test tubes, a cork with a gas outlet tube, a tripod, water, calcium carbide, a solution of potassium permanganate.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.175.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Write down the equations of the reactions carried out:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Laboratory experiment No. 5the date _________

Acquaintance with the collection "Oil and products of its processing".

Target: acquaintance with the collection "Oil and products of its processing".

Equipment and reagents: collection "Oil and products of its processing".

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) pp.175-176.

Progress

№ p/p

Sample

Color

Formula

Processes underlying production

Laboratory experiment No. 6the date _________

properties of ethyl alcohol.

Target: study the properties of ethyl alcohol.

Equipment and reagents: ethyl alcohol, distilled water, sunflower oil, copper wire, test tubes, spirit lamp, filter paper.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.176.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Write down the equations of the reactions carried out:

Laboratory experiment No. 7the date _________

properties of glycerin.

Target: study the properties of glycerin.

Equipment and reagents: distilled water, glycerin, alkali solution (NaOHII)), test tubes.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.174.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Write down the equations of the reactions carried out:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Laboratory experiment No. 8the date _________

properties of formaldehyde.

Target: study the properties of formaldehyde.

Equipment and reagents: ammonia solution of silver oxide, formalin, alkali solution (NaOH), a solution of copper sulfate (copper sulfate (II)), test tubes, beaker with hot water.

The content and order of the experiment

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Write down the equations of the reactions carried out:

Laboratory experiment No. 9the date _________

properties of acetic acid.

Target: study the properties of acetic acid.

Equipment and reagents: acetic acid solution, litmus solution, alkali solution (NaOH), zinc (granules), copper oxide (II), chalk or soda, test tubes.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.177.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Write down the equations of the reactions carried out:

Laboratory experiment No. 10the date _________

properties of fats.

Target: study the properties of fats.

Equipment and reagents: distilled water, alcohol, gasoline, sunflower oil, test tubes, filter paper,

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) pp. 177 - 178.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Laboratory experiment No. 11the date _________

Comparison of the properties of soap solutions and washing powder.

Target: compare the properties of soap and detergent solutions.

Equipment and reagents: soap solution, washing powder solution, phenolphthalein solution, hard water (calcium chloride solution), test tubes.

The content and order of the experiment

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

In which case it is necessary to add more solution to form a stable foam? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Which drug does not lose its cleaning ability in hard water? Why? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Laboratory experiment No. 12the date _________

properties of glucose.

Target: study the properties of glucose.

Equipment and reagents: glucose solution, copper sulfate solution (copper sulfate (II)), alkali solution (NaOH), ammonia solution of silver oxide, test tubes, spirit lamp.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.178.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Write down the equations of the reactions carried out: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Laboratory experiment No. 13the date _________

properties of starch.

Target: study the properties of starch.

Equipment and reagents: starch powder, water, a glass of hot water, an alcohol solution of iodine, test tubes, a spirit lamp.

The content and order of the experiment

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Laboratory experiment No. 14the date _________

Protein properties.

Target: study the properties of proteins.

Equipment and reagents: protein solution, alkali solution (NaOH), a solution of copper sulfate (copper sulfate (II)), nitric acid solution, ammonia solution, woolen threads, water, test tubes, spirit lamp.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.179.

Progress

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Laboratory experiment No. 15the date _________

Acquaintance with samples of plastics and rubbers.

Target: familiarization with samples of plastics and rubbers.

Equipment and reagents: samples of plastics, fibers, rubbers.

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.179.

Progress

Substance groups

Sample

receiving reaction

polymerization

polycondensation

Natural

artificial

Synthetic

Practical work

Practical work No. 1the date __________

Identification of organic substances.

Target :…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) p.180 -181.

Exercise 1.

Option No. ____

Equipment and reagents: ………………………………………………………………………………….

Progress:

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Write down the equations of the reactions carried out: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 2.

Equipment and reagents: glucose solution, …………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Progress:

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Task 3.

Equipment and reagents: solution of glycerin, formaldehyde, glucose, ……………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Progress:

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Task 4.

Equipment and reagents: potatoes, white bread, ripe apple, ……………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Progress:

What they were doing

What was observed

Conclusion

Mark ___________

Practical work No. 2the date __________

Recognition of plastics and fibers.

Target :…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The content and order of the experiment see the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry 10 (basic level) pp. 181 - 182.

Exercise 1.

Equipment and reagents: polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride.

Progress:

Formula

Description

Polyethylene

PVC

Task 2.

Equipment and reagents: cotton, wool, acetate fiber, capron, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …..

Progress:

Formula

Description

Cotton

Wool

Acetate fiber

Kapron

Mark ___________

References:

O.S. Gabrielyan "Chemistry. 10 cells." basic level, Moscow.: Drofa, 2012

Our robot recognized:
Practical work 3

Ol whose non n properties of carboxylic acids

Whatsapp Nob1udin Reaction Equation Conclusion

Alacha 1. Obtaining acetic acid

12-3 1 pis- in a test tube- 6e Acetic acid-

Sodium ala receiver GSNLAHZhA N-80-that can be obtained

Roll 2 accumulate -2CH.CO0N Na-30, chii. um her salt.

And commission - a colorless - displacing chamois

Powdered cash liquid acid. So

Ernoy kn - bone with a rare way

L01Y. Za-kim tapa- can be obtained

Rip pro- .404 to other carbs

Test tag - new acids.

To her with gayot-

Yudkoy pipe-

oh the end

> push and

1 true pro-

Tirku. H>

Alacha 2. Influence of peric acid with certain arctic metals

Chpieshayu in ra! Ya1, K1L.X hey acids:

0 chips are very bur- Uz - 2CH> SSOK- Reacting metals-

Apo-nos excretion -CH, COO; Kd H; T

Ah; K9v2SN, C0O, 2N - gsvzsog + mzk as well as with non-or-

talic On the-

Md 2K-Hd: N example, in wire-

Other reactions:

Hydrogen ions.

The resulting

Phi dissociation

Acetic acid.

Oxidize atoms

Zinc and small, restore

B gtmnu.ty slow gp gen.soo; -

Iinka worked out 1.11-1 -CH, C00: 2p NT 2n02sn, co2n - 2sn, coogn-n : the body activity of magnesium is greater than that of zinc, then the rate

What is the purpose of NipnkMmim Reaction equation 1 R/n

2p2N2G. H reactions with magnesium I1.ShK-

Alacha 3. In amoleic acids with bases

To the solution, the solution of NAOH - XaOH The solution of phenol-

Gnlroxila turns pink, and phthalein 1yul ley-

Sodium to - with addition - MaOH SNtCOOH - OH ions

I add ne- leniya ki- - SN.SOOa N.O royunest. When up to

How much caslotte is removed from kneute

Pel phenol-colors OHstCOOH-+ gilrox yl-nones

Fthaleina, in -> CH:, SOCH-Na + NgO removed poke IOYv-

Then vinegar-mi hydrogen. Those.

Nuyu acid OH + H - H: 0 acetic ACID reacts with bases as mineral acids, forming a salt of apegaOn water.

Alacha 4. VmimodsAstais acetic acid cospnrgam and

In test tubes with 0 X.

Solution H:50; ksusnaya

Acetic CHCH, OH C-CH-- acids with spir-

Acids / tami are formed

I pour: it is complex Ethers -

One - this - 0 // -> CH, - C + H-0 0 - C; H-, ethyl ester of acetic acid volatile liquid

Nol, and the other - ISO si with characteristic apakhs.

Pengylic alcohol. When adding the resulting > firs to sat-

silt; from:; /: 1::

Then both

Test tubes are sent to:

I add con- at the top of the image-

The ether layer is centered.

Noah acetic and the bottom layer -

Acids. water, or rather acid and chloride

I close the selection

Stoppers with sowing sodium vapor. Origin-

Tubes i-ho-kondsnenru walks this sweat-

Lodnlnkayutsya because the carni-

Mi. I heat up. lnlmshklh 11

WhatOelat Na/pkhUeniya > equation of the reaction Conclusion

The krears are flowing down

Back to less than

Test tubes density of saturated solution

1received pairs have

Iivau liquid in tacany with the characteristic tops of sodium chloride. The same property

1st-rich mixtures

Both solution-1 and chloride exfoliate tfiroa. characteristic of non-

1st day. organic oxygen content

Lshi acids.

//>1C. :,;/,!. . usually and zopsy silt alcohol is called NYULMNLOV

Alacha 5. Formic acid oxide with oxide

: ribs1 mirror H - C + ADO -> stskx1de1nlnaya

I add the added he is a group, then she can join in

Ammonia solution to rasgat 0 // - BUT - C 2AdC OH reactions characteristic of al-

Spelling of the emerging deshdov. For example, she will give rs-

Hulk. Then akshpossrsbrano

I add that 1 mirror.> that

K-how many Opel mu- NSO, - CO: T H; 0 distinguishes it from lr> gih karboio-

HSHY1N0Y acidic acids, to which

UTAH. Heated the test tube with a mixture in which there is no aldehyde group.

Lakanss go-

Ryachey WATER.

Note. 1a in fact, a silver mirror during the oxidation of a miracle

Zdvyiioy kitty: yuta does not work. It is advisable that this experiment is not carried out

ST OR V1CHT1, okisshtsl. for example, pepper an. and porridge

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“Chemistry Grade 10 Practical work No. 2. "Obtaining ethylene and experiments with it"