Bogdanovich, Ippolit Fedorovich(1743-1803) - poet, translator, journalist.

Born December 23, 1743 (January 3, 1744) in the village of Perevolochna, Poltava province. He came from poor little Russian nobles. By his own admission, "from childhood he loved reading books, drawing, music and poetry, for which he especially got a taste for reading the poetic works of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov." Received home education, then studied in Moscow, where he tried to enter the actors. He was dissuaded by M. M. Kheraskov, explaining "the indecency of the acting title for a noble person." In 1757, he got him into the gymnasium at Moscow University and settled him in his house. Under the influence of Kheraskov, Bogdanovich began to write moralizing fables, fairy tales, transcriptions of psalms, and other original and translated works, which he published in his journal Useful Amusement (1760–1762).

In 1763, Bogdanovich became the editor of the magazine Innocent Exercise, published by Princess E.R. Dashkova, where the ideas of French philosophers and freethinkers were popularized. Here, among his other writings, a large verse translation from Voltaire appeared - Poem on the destruction of Lisbon(1763). Later, Bogdanovich translated into prose his own poetic comedy Nanina, or defeated prejudice(1765). Bogdanovich's first major original work is a didactic poem Pure bliss(1765) - according to N.M. Karamzin, "did not make a strong impression in the public."

In 1764 Bogdanovich moved to St. Petersburg, where he entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs to Count N.I. Panin, who patronized the writer. He spent two years in Dresden as part of a diplomatic mission. Returning to St. Petersburg in 1769, he continues his intensive translation activity: he publishes translations of articles from the encyclopedia of Diderot and D'Alembert, the discourse of Abbé Saint-Pierre on eternal peace as presented by J.-J. Rousseau (1771), History of the former changes in the Roman Republic R.-O.Verto in three parts (1771-1775), etc. In 1775-1776 he edited the journal "Collection of News", which included a variety of topical material (including one article, which proved the disadvantage of serfdom for the landowners themselves) . In 1775-1782, he carried out the "main supervision" of the publication of the newspaper "St. Petersburg Vedomosti", where for the first time he introduced a special section on reviews of new books. In 1777 he publishes the first part of his Historical image of Russia(the second part never came out), dedicated to the history ancient Russia, is not so much a story as a moralizing essay on historical material.

The main work that glorified Bogdanovich is a poem Darling- completely published in 1783 (the first incomplete edition of the poem under the title Dushenkiny adventures appeared in 1778) and then repeatedly reprinted. This is a gallant tale, full of elegant wit, innocent eroticism and unobtrusive moralizing. Its plot - the love story of Cupid and Psyche - goes back to the novel by Apuleius Metamorphoses, or the Golden Ass, but Bogdanovich's poem is almost free from mythological overtones, it is closer to the processing of the same plot by the French fabulist J. La Fontaine in the novel Love of Cupid and Psyche which he imitated. However, at the same time, Bogdanovich managed to remain completely independent. In the poem, there are many signs of Russian life, allusions to modern events in the literary and political life, and Diana and Apollo coexist with Kashchei and Serpent Gorynych. The main advantages of the poem are its light ironic style and equally light and flexible verse. Particularly important was the image of the "creator" that first appeared here - a good-natured, sensitive and careless poet, subsequently "canonized" by N.M. Karamzin in an extensive obituary article About Bogdanovich and his writings (1803). Darling K.N. Batyushkov, E.A. Boratynsky, N.V. Gogol and, of course, A.S. Pushkin, who used Bogdanovich’s experience in Ruslana and Lyudmila.

Darling was enthusiastically received by her contemporaries and fell in love with the empress herself. The nickname "singer Dushenka" was soon assigned to its author. By decree of Catherine II, Bogdanovich wrote a lyrical comedy in 1786 Joy Darling staged at the court theatre.

In the year the poem was published, Bogdanovich was elected a member Russian Academy. He participates in the work on the academic dictionary of the Russian language, publishes a collection Russian proverbs(1785), writes many poems, composes a drama Slavs(1788), but in 1788, having taken the post of chairman of the St. Petersburg Archives, he almost stopped studying literature. In 1795 he retired and left the capital forever. First he lives in the Little Russian city of Sumy, then, from 1797 until the end of his life, in Kursk. Here, once visiting, he drew attention to the serf boy M.S. Shchepkin (the future great actor) and gave him the opportunity to use his library, thereby playing a big role in his future fate. In 1801–1802 he addressed poems and speeches to the Academy, complaining about poverty and demanding some kind of remuneration, but his requests were rejected. He died on January 6 (18), 1803 in Kursk after a short illness.

Editions: Poems and poems. L., 1957; Darling. Moscow: Ladomir, 2002.

Vladimir Korovin

BOGDANOVYCH IPPOLIT FEDOROVICH

Bogdanovich, Ippolit Fedorovich, is a famous poet. Born on December 23, 1743 in the town of Perevolochna (Poltava province). Even as a child, Bogdanovich, as he reports in his autobiography, showed an inclination towards "reading books, drawing, music and poetry, for which he especially got a taste for reading the poetic works of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov." In the eleventh year, he was sent to Moscow for "order service" and there he was enrolled in the College of Justice as a cadet. The president of the collegium allowed him to simultaneously study at the mathematical school at the Senate office. Although Bogdanovich "was considered among the first excellent students in terms of his success in mathematics," he was more attracted to poetry and especially to dramatic art. One day, 15-year-old Bogdanovich appeared with the intention of entering the stage at the then director of the Moscow theater, Kheraskov; According to Karamzin, Kheraskov convinced the cadet of "the indecency of the actor's title for a noble person" and wrote him down as a student at the university, sheltering him in his house. Bogdanovich learned foreign languages and passed the "rules of language and poetry". In 1760, he began to publish in the journal Useful Amusement, which was published at the university, his first attempts at writing, which, even according to contemporaries, were "far from perfect." In 1761, after completing his education, Bogdanovich was appointed overseer at the university classes, with the rank of officer, and a year later he was transferred to the commission of solemn preparations for the coronation of Catherine II, with the task of writing inscriptions for the triumphal gates. In 1763, at the request of the "benefactor", E.R. Dashkova, Bogdanovich enters the staff of Count P.I. Panin. At the same time, with the personal participation of the princess, Bogdanovich publishes the magazine Innocent Exercise for six months, where, in addition to articles and small original poems, he published a translation of Voltaire's poem "On the Destruction of Lisbon", sang the "wise" Catherine for the fact that "the golden age gave to see", and "dedicated" to Count Panin the translation (from French) of "The Small War, described by the major in the service of the King of Prussia". In 1765, when he was a translator of a foreign collegium in St. Petersburg, Bogdanovich published his poem "Extreme Bliss", in three songs, dedicated to the heir Pavel Petrovich, and translated Voltaire's three-act comedy "Nanina, or Defeated Prejudice". Bogdanovich spent time from 1766 to 1769 in Dresden, as the secretary of our embassy. In St. Petersburg, during the most productive period of his authorship (1769 - 1775), Bogdanovich translated various articles from the French encyclopedia, "An Abridgement from the Project for Perpetual Peace" (from Saint-Pierre), "The History of the Former Changes in the Roman Republic" by Abbot Vertot , published a collection of his original and translated poems under the general title "Lyra", "had the main supervision" of the publication of "St. being abroad; some places in the poem are undoubtedly inspired by the paintings of the Dresden gallery. The success of the poem was huge. Even before it was printed, it circulated in numerous lists. The empress herself, according to Karamzin's story, "read Dushenka with pleasure and told the writer about it." Behind her, the courtiers "tried to show him signs of their respect and recited by heart the places noticed by the monarch. The poets of that time wrote epistles, odes, madrigals in honor and glory of the creator Dushenka." After "Darling" Bogdanovich did not compose anything outstanding even according to the concepts of that time. Between 1775 and 1790, Bogdanovich, already "carelessly, as if reluctantly, or in the slumber of a genius," wrote the first part of the "Historical Image of Russia" (finished only until 1015). ), "The Joy of Dushenka, a lyrical comedy followed by a ballet", the drama "Slavs" and a small number of small poems published in "The Interlocutor of Lovers of the Russian Word". In pursuance of the will of the Empress, Bogdanovich collected and published Russian proverbs, transcribing them into verse, and composed 3 theatrical plays on the theme of sayings he invented. "Dushenka's wreath", in the words of Karamzin, "remained the only one on Bogdanovich's head." In 1780, Bogdanovich was appointed a member of the newly established state archive, and from 1788 he was its chairman until he retired in 1795. In 1796, Bogdanovich settled in Sumy, where he was preparing to marry, but soon, for an unknown reason, he was forced to part with his bride. In 1798, Bogdanovich moved to Kursk, from where he welcomed the accession to the throne of Alexander I with a lengthy ode, which was already his swan song. Bogdanovich died on January 6, 1803. The monument erected on the grave of Bogdanovich in 1834, in the form of a statue of Psyche ("Darling"), was renewed in 1894 and moved to the city square. The death of Bogdanovich made a strong impression on contemporary society. The editors of Vestnik Evropy (1803, ¦ 3) announced a competition for the best epitaph for Bogdanovich. In poems dedicated to his memory, grateful contemporaries called Bogdanovich the favorite of the muses and graces, and even a “genius”, who “so sweetly” sang Dushenka.

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

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and I. I. Melissino. In 1763, he met Countess Ekaterina Dashkova and took part in the magazines published with her participation, acted as the publisher of the magazine Innocent Exercise (1763).

Around 1775 he composed a free story in verse "Darling", imitating La Fontaine, who borrowed his plot from Apuleius ("The Love of Psyche and Cupid" (1669). "Darling" was published for the first time in 1783 in St. Petersburg, until 1841 it withstood 15 publications, the last - in 1887 by A. S. Suvorin in "Cheap Library". This work brought fame to Bogdanovich and drew the attention of Catherine II. On her behalf, he wrote for the Hermitage Theater "The Joy of Dushenka" (1786), "Slavs" (1787) - plays that were not successful.

Since September 1775, he published the St. Petersburg Bulletin, and in 1775-1782 he edited St. Petersburg. statements". In addition, he wrote:

• "Extreme Bliss" (poem St. Petersburg, 1765);
• “Dobromysl”, (another story in verse. M.,);
• “Bliss of the peoples” (poem, M.);
• "Coast" (St. Petersburg,);
• "Russian proverbs" (3 hours St. Petersburg,; here folk proverbs converted into couplets);
• "Lyre, or a collection of various works" (St. Petersburg, 1773).

Like many of his contemporary poets, Bogdanovich was actively engaged in transcribing psalms:

• "Ode from Psalm 114"
• "Psalm 45"
• "The Heavens Will Reveal the Glory of God (from Psalm 18)"
• "Psalm 148"

The fruits of his historical studies remained:

• "Historical image of Russia" (St. Petersburg,)

and translations:

• “A small war described by a major in the service of the King of Prussia” (from French, St. Petersburg, 1768);
• “An abbreviation from the project on the eternal peace of Rousseau (from Saint-Pierre)” (St. Petersburg, 1771)
• "Helicopter, a story about the former changes in the Roman Republic" (from French, 3 hours St. Petersburg, 1771-75).

Bogdanovich left an autobiography (published in Otechestvennye Zapiski, 1853, No. 4). A collection of his works was published in Moscow in 1809-1810, 6 hours; 2nd ed. - M. 1818-1819, 4 hours; 3rd - Smerdinskoe, at 2 o'clock, in 1848

"Darling"

Of everything written by Ippolit Fedorovich, only "Darling" has historical and literary significance. It was a rather bold dissonance in the poetry of the 18th century, which was engaged in the production of solemn inflated odes. Contemporaries were amazed by the novelty of its content and form and made Bogdanovich a "genius". "Darling" gave rise to a lot of imitations and alterations, like some kind of "classic" work.

The death of Bogdanovich caused a lot of epitaphs in which Bogdanovich is praised precisely for writing "Darling":

Why do we need to blacken that grave with inscriptions Where can Darling alone replace everything?

It says in one of them.

Today, after a while, in "Darling" one can note the lightness of the verse and the desire, as far as moral censorship allows, to talk about the "strawberry", thanks to which the poem was mainly a success with contemporaries.

Ippolit Fedorovich Bogdanovich

Bogdanovich Ippolit Fedorovich (December 23, 1743-January 6, 1803), Russian poet. The main work is the poem "Darling" (1778), stylized as Russian folk tales, which struck contemporaries with the novelty of the content and the lightness of the verse. Other works: the plays “Joy of the Dushenka” and “Slavs”, the collection “Russian Proverbs”, essays “Historical Images of Russia”.

Bogdanovich Ippolit Fedorovich (December 23, 1743-January 6, 1803), poet. Born in the town of Perevolochnoye, Poltava province. From childhood, Bogdanovich showed a love for poetry, music and drawing, and when in 1754 he was taken to Moscow and enrolled in the College of Justice as a cadet, then he became interested in theater and wanted to enter the stage. But Kheraskov, who was at that time the director of theaters, dissuaded Bogdanovich from this and, enrolling him in the university, encouraged him to literary pursuits. The first experiments, even according to contemporaries' reviews, are very weak, in the form of poems, Bogdanovich placed in the magazines "Useful Entertainment" and "Free Hours" published at the university. After graduating from the university, in 1761, Bogdanovich was appointed overseer of the university classes, and in 1762 he was a member of the Solemn Preparations commission, in which he composed inscriptions for the triumphal gates. In 1763 he was appointed translator to the staff of gr. P. I. Panin, and since 1764 he has been in the same position at a foreign collegium; from 1766 to 1769 he spent abroad as secretary of the Russian embassy at the Saxon court. In 1779 he was transferred to the department of heraldry; in 1780 he was appointed a member of the State Archives and from 1788 was its chairman.
The most fruitful period of Bogdanovich's literary activity was in 1769-75. In 1773 Bogdanovich published a collection of his works under the general title "Lyra". From 1775 to 1782 he edited the St. Petersburg Vedomosti. Finally, in 1775 he wrote the poem "Darling" that made up his name. Bogdanovich borrowed its content from Lafontaine's story Les Amours de Psyche, who, in turn, used Apuleius' poem about Cupid and Psyche. Just as Lafontaine made Psyche a Frenchwoman, so Bogdanovich tried to turn her into a Russian maiden, Darling. The idea that Bogdanovich wanted to put into the poem is the couplet:

... The external shine in the eyes passes like smoke,
But nothing changes the beauty of the soul.

Rice. 1. The Triumph of Darling The poem, stylized as Russian folk tales and containing playful, ironic motifs, was opposed to the heroic poems of classicism. The poem contains Koschey, the Serpent Gorynych, the Tsar Maiden. The poem is divided into 3 books. The 1st book describes Dushenka's relatives and her beauty, which Venus begins to envy and orders her son Amur to scare Darling well. The persecuted Darling's parents turn to the oracle; the latter orders her to be taken to an unknown mountain and left there until the monster to whom she is doomed as a wife comes for her. The book ends with a journey and Dushenka's farewell to her relatives. In the 2nd book, Darling is transferred by an unknown force to the kingdom of Cupid, but he comes to her only at night and disappears at the first light of day. Darling spends all the time in various amusements and entertainments. At her request, the Cupids and Zephyrs serving her transfer the sisters to her, who, out of envy, persuade her to kill the “monster”. She lights a lamp at night and, seeing the sleeping Cupid, accidentally spills a drop of hot oil on him. Cupid wakes up and flies away from her. In the 3rd book, Darling is again on the mountain where her parents left her. She wants to take her own life, but in vain: the Zephyrs support her as she throws herself into the abyss; the trees bend their branches when she wants to hang herself, etc. In a shepherd's dress, she finds herself in the temple of Venus, and she, wanting to destroy Darling, orders her to get a jug of living and dead water. Cupid helps her here too. Then Venus tells her to bring a closed pot from Proserpina. Darling, instigated by curiosity, opens it and the smoke flying out from there blackens her face. She hides from everyone in desperation; but Cupid looks for her and announces to Venus that he will not stop loving Darling and the black-faced. Venus returns beauty to Darling and

Cupid and Darling became equal to each other,
And the gods all then combined them forever.

Criticism of that time greeted Dushenka enthusiastically, and most of his contemporaries elevated Bogdanovich to a genius. Karamzin speaks enthusiastically about "Darling" and finds it better than the originals, that is, the poem by Apuleius and the story by La Fontaine. He admires the "easy play of the imagination, based on the same rules of gentle taste", says that "many poems are alive and beautiful" and that Bogdanovich "will be known to posterity as a pleasant, gentle poet, often witty and intricate." Equally flattering reviews are given about Bogdanovich, as the author of Darling, and other contemporary critics, for example: P. Beketov, Met. Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov), Baratynsky, Batyushkov and partly Pushkin. But subsequent critics are becoming less and less favorable to the literary activity of Bogdanovich in general and to his "Darling" in particular. Book. Vyazemsky, Ks. Polevoi give reviews about her one harsher than the other.

"Darling" was printed in 1783 and by 1841 it had gone through 15 editions. From other works of Bogdanovich, one can note: “The Joy of Dushenka” (1786), “Slavs” (1787), “Good Thought” (1805), “Bliss of Nations” (1810), “Extreme Bliss” (1765). In "Russian proverbs" (1785), transcribed into poetic form, the ideas of Russian folklore were popularized. The translation of Voltaire's poem "Sur le desastre de Lisbonne" was considered exemplary. In addition to the above, Bogdanovich wrote: “Historical Image of Russia” (1777), “A Small War Described by a Major in the Service of the King of Prussia” (translated from French, 1768); "Abbreviation from Rousseau's Project for the Eternal Peace" (1771); "Vertota, a story about the former changes in the Roman Republic" (1771-75) and many odes, epigrams, elegies, fables, etc.

Site materials used Big Encyclopedia Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru

Bogdanovich Ippolit Fedorovich (1743-1803) - poet of Catherine's times, b. December 23, 1743 in Perevolochna; For ten years he was enlisted in military service, but after graduating from Moscow University in 1761 he was assigned to the university as an overseer of classes, and in 1762 to the commission on the construction of the triumphal gates, for which he composed inscriptions. In 1763 he was seconded to the staff of gr. P. I. Panin, and from 1764 began serving in a foreign collegium; from 1766 to 1769 he was secretary of the Russian embassy at the Saxon court. In 1799 he was transferred to the department of heraldry, and in 1780 a member of state archive, where since 1788 he was chairman. On May 1, 1795, he was dismissed from service and left St. Petersburg the following year. He died in Kursk on January 6, 1802. He began to write poetry in childhood and has been printing them for 14 years, thanks to Kheraskov and Melissino. In 1763 he met c. Dashkova and took part in magazines published with her participation. Around 1775 he composed a free story in verse - "Darling", imitating La Fontaine, who borrowed his plot from Apuleius; it was printed for the first time in 1783 in St. Petersburg. and until 1841 withstood the 15th edition; the last in 1887 by A. Suvorin in the "Cheap Library". This essay brought fame to B. and drew the attention of Catherine II to him. On her instructions, he wrote for the Hermitage Theater: "Darling's Joy" (1786), "Slavs" (1787) - plays that were not successful. From September 1775, he published the "St. Petersburg Bulletin", and from 1775 - 1782. edited "Spb. Vedomosti". In addition, he wrote: "Extreme Bliss" (poem St. Petersburg, 1765); "Dobromysl", (other words in verse. M., 1805); "Bliss of peoples" (poem, M. 1810); "Coast" (St. Petersburg, 1812); "Russian proverbs" (3 hours St. Petersburg, 1785; here folk proverbs are converted into couplets); "Lyre, or a collection of various works" (St. Petersburg, 1773). The fruit of his historical studies was: "The Historical Image of Russia" (St. Petersburg, 1777) and translations: "A Small War Described by a Major in the Service of the King of Prussia" (from French, St. Petersburg, 1768); "An abbreviation from the project on the eternal peace of Rousseau (from Saint-Pierre)" (St. Petersburg, 1771) and "Helicopter, a story about the former changes in the Roman Republic" (from French 3 hours St. Petersburg, 1771 - 75). B. left an autobiography (published in Otech. Zap., 1853, $4). A collection of his works was published in Moscow in 1809 - 1810, 6 hours; 2nd ed. - M. 1818 - 19, 4 hours; Z-e - Smirdinskoye, at 2 o'clock in 1848

Of everything written by B., only "Darling" has historical and literary significance. It was a rather bold dissonance in the poetry of the 18th century, which was engaged in the production of solemn inflated odes. Contemporaries were struck by the novelty of its content and form and made B. in the "genius". "Darling" gave rise to a lot of imitations and alterations, like some kind of "classical" work. The death of B. caused a lot of epitaphs in which B. is extolled, precisely for writing "Darling":

Why do we need to blacken that grave with inscriptions.

Where Darling alone can replace everything, one of them says. In our time, in "Darling" one can note the lightness of the verse and the desire, as far as official and moral censorship allows, to talk about the "strawberry", thanks to which the poem was mainly a success with contemporaries.

F. Brockhaus, I.A. Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary.

Read further:

Semenov A.N., Semenova V.V. The concept of mass media in the structure of a literary text. Part II. (Russian literature). Tutorial. SPb., 2011. Initial period. Ippolit Fedorovich Bogdanovich.

Compositions:

Sobr. op. and translations, Ed. 2nd. Ch. 1-4. M., 1818-19;

Poems and poems. L., 1957.