Introduction

Relevance of the research topic. In the modern economy of Russia, the existence and development of the entertainment industry has always been given insufficient attention, while in other countries this issue has been given a lot of attention. Therefore, against the backdrop of increasing competition, falling effective demand of the population, instability of the external environment, typical for modern Russia, the conditions for the existence and development of cultural and entertainment complexes, like many other enterprises, are unstable, the frequency of sudden changes increases, and the general unpredictability of the market development of the complex increases.

In this situation, it is necessary to develop new forms and ways of stimulating innovation activities contributing to the formation of the development of cultural and entertainment services.

modern science offers a narrow set of methods to assess the strategic capabilities of a Russian enterprise in the entertainment industry, as well as to predict the impact of possible upcoming events on its activities.

Most of the scientific work in this area is based on technologies developed for large foreign entertainment enterprises, where all information for decision-making is clearly structured, there is enough data for making strategic decisions. The leaders of the majority of Russian cultural and entertainment enterprises are forced to work with unstructured arrays of data on the state of the market, strategic decisions are made in the absence of reliable information about the state of the external environment, the capabilities of their own enterprise are sometimes overestimated, which often leads to sad consequences.

In the context of a growing competitive environment, Russian managers more than ever feel the need for innovative management technologies. The leaders of most cultural and entertainment complexes today make strategic decisions based only on their own experience and common sense.

It is becoming more and more difficult to make decisions that are adequate to the changing conditions of functioning due to growing competition, the emergence of new technologies in the entertainment industry, constantly increasing requirements from regulatory and regulatory authorities, etc. The subject of the study is the totality of the entertainment and recreation industry, based on the formation of effective mechanisms for the development of cultural and entertainment services.

The object of the study is modern types and forms of cultural and entertainment activities.

The purpose of this work is to consider cultural and entertainment complexes in the modern economy, as well as to determine ways to implement innovative projects of cultural and entertainment activities.

Achievement of the set goal was carried out by considering interrelated tasks:

consideration of the main types and forms of cultural and entertainment activities;

study theoretical foundations organization of cultural and entertainment complexes;

study of modern trends and features of cultural and entertainment activities.

The practical significance of the work lies in the expediency of applying its provisions and conclusions in the management of modern enterprises of cultural and entertainment activities.

Chapter 1. Main types and forms of cultural and entertainment activities

.1 Club establishments

The club remains the most widespread type of cultural institutions, which is a multifunctional combine capable of creating a variety of conditions for development and recreation for a person, having a complex intellectual and emotional impact on him.

Clubs have firmly entered the life of people, especially in the countryside, and have become a necessary part of public life. They act as the most important centers of human communication.

Club institutions - a generalized concept. These include small clubs, and large houses and palaces of culture. There is no fundamental difference between the club, the House and the Palace of Culture. Their difference is in the opportunities they have, in the volume and scale of work.

Despite the fact that the process of decollectivization, privatization, denationalization is underway in the countryside, mainly club institutions have been preserved here. These are the regional House of Culture, the rural House of Culture, the village club.

The District House of Culture, located in the district administrative center, along with conducting a wide range of cultural and leisure activities among the population, is doing a lot of work to provide methodological assistance to all cultural institutions located in the district.

The regional House of Culture has its own independent budget, current and current bank accounts. It has two sources of funding: from the local budget and from earned funds through a special account.

There are also clubs of educational institutions, houses of officers, clubs of military units, houses of actors, writers, architects, teachers, medical workers, etc.

At enterprises in industry, construction, transport, state farms, institutions, educational institutions, trade union clubs, houses and palaces of culture are still predominantly operating. According to their subordination, they are divided into three groups: clubs, houses and palaces of culture, serving employees of one enterprise, institution or educational institution and directly subordinate to the FZMK.

The unity of goals and objectives facing club institutions, regardless of their affiliation, makes them universal institutions in the organization of people's leisure, significantly distinguishes them from other types of cultural institutions.

1.2 Parks of culture and recreation

Parks of culture and recreation were created and are being created for the optimal use of natural conditions in the interests of strengthening the health, cultural development of workers and organizing their leisure time in the open air.

The first parks were conceived as universal combines of culture and recreation for workers, combining cultural and educational and sports and recreational activities.

The very name "parks of culture and recreation" reflects the main idea of ​​this institution. Part of the name "park" means that it is primarily a natural object. The word "culture" indicates the educational, educational nature of the activities of the park, and finally, the word "recreation" indicates that the park provides opportunities for entertainment on attractions for emotional relaxation and fatigue.

Many new things have appeared in the activities of parks of culture and recreation, both in content and in form.

At the present stage in the activities of parks of culture and recreation, the importance of the ecological function, its role in the formation of the ecological consciousness of the population, especially increases. This phenomenon is associated with the already mentioned tendency of the well-known separation of citizens from nature, weakening of contacts modern inhabitants cities with the natural world.

Another feature of the activities of modern parks of culture and recreation is that there are changes in the content of visitors' recreation, therefore, the importance of the recreational function increases. The recreational function is associated today with the intrinsic value of recreation in the natural environment, with the fact that in the conditions of nature it is easier for a person to change the familiar environment of the environment, the pace and rhythms of behavior, the norms of his activity in the sphere of production, life, education.

Their activities are based on a paid basis, which makes it possible for independent economic development.

1.3 Libraries

This is a widespread type of cultural institutions that collect books and other printed publications, their special processing, propaganda and organize mass work with readers.

According to the composition of book funds, methods of their processing, storage and use, libraries are divided into two main groups: mass libraries with universal book funds and special libraries with books on certain types of scientific, educational, and industrial activities.

The most common types of state mass libraries are rural, district, city, regional, regional, republican.

Rural libraries, in addition to lending out books, organize mobile libraries, lending points for books at production facilities, and home-to-door book shopping.

The regional library is under the jurisdiction of the department of culture. It has a department for issuing books at home (subscription), a reading room with an auxiliary book fund, a mobile fund and a children's department (in the absence of an independent children's library). Along with serving literature to the population, local institutions and organizations, conducting extensive mass work, the regional library helps the department of culture in managing library institutions, in coordinating their activities, and drawing up unified interdepartmental plans. library service population in order to bring the book to every family. It organizes reference, bibliographic and consulting work, classes for employees and public activists of the district libraries.

The regional (territorial) library is a repository of printed works, a scientific, methodological and bibliographic center. Its typical structure is made up of departments: services (with sectors of the subscription, reading rooms, interlibrary loan), scientific-methodical and bibliographic departments, funds and catalogs (with sectors of acquisition and book storage), special storage, administrative and economic departments.

The most important task of the regional (regional) library is the development of theoretical and methodological issues of library science and bibliography, the implementation of scientific and methodological management of all public libraries and control over their work.

A new type is made up of self-supporting libraries that have received last years wide development. They are created in places where there are no public libraries nearby. Such libraries are opened in the presence of a small number of books. The opening of a paid library is formalized by the relevant documents.

Special libraries include: libraries of branch academies, republican academies, libraries scientific institutions, research institutes, theatrical, museum, musical and musical, military technical, educational institutions, scientific and technical (technical), libraries of industrial enterprises. They are completed with special literature according to the profile of the enterprise, institution.

1.4 Museums

Museums occupy an important place in the cultural life of societies. Museums are not limited to collecting and exhibiting material and spiritual values. They also do a lot of cultural and educational work. They organize lectures, conduct excursions, organize exhibitions, distribute specialized literature not only within their walls, but also at enterprises. Many museums are engaged in research work.

All museums are divided into several types depending on their profile: historical, local history, material, natural science, art history, industry and others.

Museums are the subject of national pride of our people. The exhibits collected in them are sometimes world famous.

So far, folk museums are in a difficult situation. The exhibits collected in them tell about the glorious history of enterprises, the labor and military glory of production teams, many generations of wonderful workers. Popular art galleries are also very popular.

We should also mention the existing planetariums, which are scientific and educational institutions that do a lot of work to spread the foundations of astronomy, physics, and geography.

1.5 Cinemas

The most popular type of cultural institution is the cinema. Cinema - an institution designed to show movies to the public. Cinemas are stationary and mobile. The main room - the auditorium, is equipped with film projection equipment, a reflective sound-transparent screen, a loudspeaker. The set of technical means used in the cinema distinguishes them from each other. Cinemas are distinguished by the size of the screen: widescreen and regular format.

Cinemas have a portable projection system primarily for displaying narrow-film (16 mm) films.

Cinemas carry out a wide range of cultural and leisure activities: meetings with deputies, concerts of professional and amateur groups, lectures, conversations, etc. are organized before the start of the movie.

Recently, film and video centers and cinema salons have been organized on the basis of cinemas. The ticket price at the video centers includes a set of soft drinks, ice cream and sweets.

1.6 Leisure centers

The term "leisure center" is understood ambiguously. Official documents do not give a sufficiently complete picture of the leisure center. In the order of the Ministry of Culture Russian Federation we are talking about slot machine halls and electronic-based amusement complexes, which are supposed to be placed in parks of culture and recreation, and other places of mass recreation. Such halls should become an organic element of the cultural environment serving the population, fit into its structure.

The leisure center at the present stage is presented as a qualitatively new level in the development of the socio-cultural activities of the population, remaining close to such a type of institution as a club.

The main task of leisure centers is to create optimal conditions for the mass, group, family and individual development of creative abilities, communication, recreation, entertainment, restoration of spiritual and physical strength based on the study of cultural needs and interests of various categories of the population.

Leisure centers are faced with the task of providing the population with paid cultural and recreational services, which are in the greatest demand, as widely as possible. It is assumed that these types of cultural institutions will be able to concentrate in one building a full range of services, including the organization of mass active recreation, entertainment, contributing to the restoration of physical and spiritual strength of a person.

Theoretical education and practical activities in the creation of leisure centers are a reflection of the modern concept of leisure, the principles of organization of which are increasingly focused on meeting the diverse needs of various segments of the population on a paid basis. Unlike other cultural institutions that perform narrower tasks of organizing leisure, the centers are intended for multidisciplinary services to the population.

Leisure organizers constantly use in their work a variety of ways to influence the content and form of entertainment by restructuring the human environment. Psychologically, these methods are based on a simple and certainly true premise: a person's behavior at leisure is very often determined by the nature of the material objects around us.

Leisure centers began to provide the population with high-quality paid services, including those of a cultural and health-improving plan, which are in greatest demand and popular among various segments of the population.

According to the temporary situation, leisure centers perform the following functions: entertainment, stimulation of creative activity, leisure communication, training in leisure skills, sports and recreation, information and methodological and others.

To perform these functions, the leisure center must be located in a building or complex of buildings and structures equipped with the necessary equipment.

The organization of leisure centers is based on three principles: collective self-government, full self-sufficiency and individual membership. The population participates in the creation of a leisure center, and then takes part in its work on the basis of broad autonomy and individual membership.

Now there is an intensive search for the creation of architectural projects for leisure centers. The leisure center operates on the basis of a charter approved by a higher authority, and management is carried out by the director on the basis of unity of command. The director is appointed and dismissed by a higher body, he organizes all the work of the center and is responsible for its activities. The duties of the artistic director, chief engineer, chief artist, chief mechanic are established by the director. The Artistic and Technical Council acts as an advisory body.

1.7 Cultural complexes

The search for improving the organization of the activities of cultural institutions led to the idea of ​​creating cultural complexes, providing for the intensification of the activities of the system of cultural services for the population. In the countryside, this is facilitated by the consolidation of cultural institutions, bringing them together within a given region into a complex. For the countryside, this is especially important, because taken separately, in isolation from each other, the cultural institutions operating there, in terms of their capabilities, so far look very limited. But united in a certain system built on the basis of constant and comprehensive interaction, they can acquire a new quality and considerable opportunities for improving their work.

Cultural complexes are created on the principles of voluntary merging of cultural institutions, regardless of their departmental affiliation, within one or more farms and pooling the material resources of local authorities, their own income and appropriations of farms from the fund for socio-cultural needs and sponsorship. With such an organization of affairs, coordination of the management of cultural institutions, a significant strengthening of the material base of cultural services for the population is achieved and the qualitative and quantitative indicators of all cultural and leisure activities are noticeably increased.

With all the variety of socio-economic conditions and the state of the network, cultural bodies invariably recorded that in all cases when peripheral cultural institutions were united, there was a significant improvement in public services both in the centers of the economy and at production sites, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of cultural and leisure activities increased. activities, the material base was strengthened, the prestige of personnel was raised, and social assets were expanded.

1.8 Cultural and sports complexes

The formation of a harmonious personality largely depends on the interaction of all social institutions involved in this process: families, schools, labor collectives, public organizations, the media, cultural institutions, sports, recreation, creative unions.

Such interaction can be carried out only with the skillful integration of all state and public organizations involved in cultural and leisure activities.

Improving management in the field of leisure should go, as we see it, along the line of improving the organizational structure of cultural institutions, the mechanism of economic incentives.

The creation of cultural and sports complexes had several parallel developing and operating directions: culture, which included a network of theaters, concert halls, cinemas, parks, clubs, museums, etc.; physical culture and sports - a network of stadiums, gyms, football fields, sports grounds, swimming pools, etc.; recreation - a network of recreation and tourism institutions, playgrounds, children's clubs and circles at the place of residence, various voluntary societies such as hunters and fishermen, book lovers, etc.

Each direction is implemented according to its inherent types of cultural services for the population.

The creation of a cultural and sports complex is a new approach to cultural services for the population, which allows, on the one hand, to ensure the unity of the structures of its cultural and sports institutions, and on the other hand, the integration of all types of leisure management.

Consumer service enterprises organize various circles on the basis of CSC: needlework, cooking, modeling and tailoring, repair of household appliances, etc., expand the forms of joint work with cultural institutions for servicing small settlements, field camps, remote areas and farms, study, together with the employees of the KSK, the demand of the population for various types of goods and services and exert all possible influence on the formation of reasonable needs.

The purposeful activity of cultural institutions, sports and other organizations organized in this way, united in a cultural and sports complex, makes it possible to avoid one-sided enthusiasm for individual cultural and leisure programs, to ensure the interconnected development of all areas of leisure activities for the implementation of an integrated, systematic approach to the process of leisure organization.

The optimal combination of sectoral and territorial principles can be achieved when the institutions that are part of the KSK report to a single director and report to their parent organizations for all substantive, financial and economic activities, when the KSK has the status of a legal entity.

1.9 Youth leisure centers and cafes

Modern organization rational use leisure has led to the creation of youth leisure centers and cafes.

The emergence of new types of cultural institutions is inextricably linked with new real methods of management, new forms of labor organization, such as brigade and family contracts, individual labor and cooperative activities. This is how youth leisure centers and cafes appeared, which conduct a wide range of cultural and leisure activities in specific conditions.

Youth leisure centers operate on the principle of leisure centers.

The mechanism for the formation of funds of the youth leisure center spent on the remuneration of its employees is identical to the formation of a single wage fund for enterprises, associations and organizations transferred to full self-financing and self-financing.

The income of the youth leisure center is generated from the proceeds from the sale of products, works, services at current prices, calculated in accordance with the methodological recommendations for calculating prices for paid services and other relevant prices. The income of the youth leisure center is a source of production and social development, wages, it is at the disposal of the center and is used by it independently.

It should be noted that there are several options for income distribution standards that take into account almost all aspects of the financial and economic activities of youth income centers.

The lack of own working capital can be compensated by self-supporting income, and their replenishment is carried out at the expense of own resources.

Now in the Russian Federation the legal framework for the activities of enterprises and institutions is changing. The Youth Leisure Center has the right to sell, transfer, exchange technical means, equipment, various material assets, tools, write them off the balance if they are morally obsolete, rent or use for mutually beneficial exchange, as well as transfer for free use facilities, equipment, rooms, workshops, etc.

Income from the sale of property is directed to the development fund, and losses that may occur during the transfer, sale or write-off of property are covered by appropriate deductions from the funds of the youth leisure center.

Cultural and leisure activities can be carried out in the youth cafe.

The administration of the youth cafe provides the most favorable conditions for the organization of youth recreation. First of all, we are talking about equipping cafes with comfortable furniture, necessary equipment, decorating interiors, providing cultural equipment, sound and video equipment, and other means of cultural and educational work.

All cultural and leisure activities in the youth cafe are carried out on the principle of self-sufficiency.

The cost estimate for conducting cultural and leisure programs in a youth cafe is considered and approved in accordance with the Regulations on an amateur association, an interest club.

Chapter 2 Modern direction cultural and entertainment activities

.1 Features of the formation and development problems of the entertainment industry

Entertainment is one of the most important areas of a person's daily life, which, along with education, can significantly influence the state of society. The need for entertainment appears immediately after the satisfaction of primary needs. Satisfaction with the quality and availability of entertainment is for a person an indicator of his social position, and for society - an indicator of the development of the country's economy as a whole and its social sphere. The practice of creating special conditions for organizing entertainment processes led to the emergence of a fairly powerful industry, which in its modern form took shape by the end of the 20th century.

The beginning of the third millennium is characterized by the intensive development of the world entertainment industry market. The business based on the organization and holding of entertainment brings huge profits and accumulates billions of dollars. Income of the world entertainment industry in 2007, the experts of the analytical company PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) estimated at 1.3 trillion. dollars In 2010, according to their forecast, consumers will spend on entertainment for 1.8 trillion. Doll. (annual increase of 7.3%).

The tendentious nature of the development processes of the world entertainment market is also inherent in the domestic entertainment sector. However, the development of the entertainment market in Russia is associated with certain problems, both economic and social. this work is aimed at identifying the main development trends and problems of the formation of the domestic entertainment industry.

Entertainment is a relatively new area of ​​cultural activity for Russia. AT Soviet period history, leisure activities were a component in the field of cultural and educational activities. Club and park activities were the main form. The rise of the Russian economy, which began in the late 1990s, led to an increase in incomes and the emergence of free funds among the population and, as a result, to an increase in the need for a kind of entertainment. As a result, a new industry emerged and began to develop intensively - the entertainment industry.

To date, the main segments of the domestic entertainment industry have been formed and the market is gaining momentum. According to the ninth annual PricewaterhouseCoopers Global Entertainment and Media Outlook, the Russian entertainment industry market is considered the most dynamic among the regions of Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In 2007, the entertainment and media market, as in previous years, showed the highest growth rates in Europe - 12.2%. At the same time, the projected average annual growth rate for 2008-2012 is 11.4%.

Experts from IC FINAM estimated the Russian entertainment market in 2007 at $20 billion. In 2012, this figure could reach $45.2 billion.

According to available estimates, there are almost 37 million potential consumers of entertainment products in Russia. Although not much money is spent on leisure in Russia, the growth in spending by the population on attending entertainment events is comparable to the spending of Russians on some consumer goods.

However, the potential for consumption of entertainment services is far from exhausted. For many Russians, entertainment continues to be a "luxury". For example, in Western countries, a visit to an entertainment complex with a standard set of services or a cinema costs from $ 100, which a representative of the middle class and above can afford. In Russia, where the so-called middle class is only a small upper stratum of society, concentrated in large metropolitan areas, and the subsistence minimum for the whole country in the II quarter of 2008 amounted to 4005 rubles, not everyone can afford to visit modern entertainment complexes.

The obvious imbalance in the development of the entertainment sector is also confirmed by relevant statistics. According to the Institute for Comprehensive Social Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, only 50.9% of Russians use the services of the modern entertainment industry. Of these, 7.9% visit gambling establishments and spend 0.5% of all their expenses there; 9.7% - prefer home leisure; 39.4% devote their free time to various hobbies or meetings with friends. And as many as 32.3% consider their opportunities for a good rest to be insufficient.

However, the Russian entertainment market remains one of the fastest growing markets in the world. Even now, the volume of investments in the entertainment industry is progressing even more confidently than in the sphere of trade, which was the leader in terms of growth until recently. So, for example, in Moscow, the share of investments in this industry is already 7% of all investments in the city per year. For comparison: the share of investments in the banking sector is 9%, in industry - 8%.

The high dynamics of market growth is associated, on the one hand, with the rapid development of large shopping centers, and on the other hand, with the needs of the population in a civilized modern leisure. According to experts' forecasts, the entertainment market will grow most rapidly in the regions.

The entertainment industry is a multidisciplinary phenomenon and covers many areas of activity - the partial presence of the entertainment component is observed in many areas, which makes it difficult to single out the subject area of ​​research into a clear group. Thus, when analyzing the US entertainment industry, researchers do not draw boundaries between enterprises engaged in the direct entertainment of people and the media market due to the deep integration of these areas.

Among the largest and most clearly defined segments of the domestic entertainment industry, the following can be distinguished:

Film segment. Key market players: KARO-Film, Kinomax, Formula Kino, Cinema-Park, Kronverk Cinema.

A segment of gaming entertainment based on the use of slot machines and simulators. Main enterprises: Star Galaxy, Game Zone, Crazy Park, Igromax.

Gambling business: Ritzio Entertainment Group, Jackpot, Storm International, Rio.

Bowling: "Planet Bowling", "Cosmic", "Bowling City".

Theme parks: Divo-Ostrov, Atriland, Admiral Vrungel park.

Entertainment on the Internet.

Video games. Almost half of the market is occupied by four Russian manufacturers - Nival Online, IT Territory, TimeZero and Nikita Online, which in 2007 announced their merger into the Astrum Online Entertainment holding.

According to PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), the Internet will remain the fastest growing segment of the Russian entertainment industry over the next 5 years (until 2011), adding an average of 20% annually. The gambling and sound recording segments will fall by an average of 22.2% and 7.7% per year, respectively. However, in general, there are positive trends in the entertainment market.

2.2 New forms of entertainment

cafe library entertainment industry

On the market of Russian enterprises engaged in the direct entertainment of people, there are both establishments with a very wide range of services for different groups of visitors, as well as highly specialized centers offering a single service or a small number of services aimed at a specific audience, these are specialized entertainment centers, multifunctional entertainment complexes, as well as entertainment venues in shopping centers. The market for entertainment industry participants is clearly segmented: there are companies that occupy significant shares in their segments, but there is no player who would occupy more than 1% of the market as a whole.

There are practically no network operators in the entertainment market, including foreign ones, except, perhaps, the gambling business and the Star Galaxy entertainment complex network as part of shopping and entertainment centers (for example, Crocus City, Tvoi Dom, XL).

Among the significant global trends that have transformed the domestic entertainment industry, the following can be distinguished: Globalization and consolidation of objects of the entertainment industry. Globalization trends have led to the fact that at present the entertainment industry is represented not just by individual establishments for several types of entertainment, but by entire mega-complexes providing a wide range of various recreation and entertainment services - from all kinds of shows, fashion shows, exhibitions, movies, sports to a variety of sports and recreational activities. Integration of entertainment and other activities. The domestic entertainment market continues to grow not only through the development of new purely entertainment forms, but also through the penetration of the entertainment component into other areas of activity that were not previously related to entertainment. Among these "symbiotic" areas, the following can be distinguished:

Integration of entertainment and trade, characterized by the widespread opening of shopping and entertainment centers and malls. Entertainment here plays an auxiliary function and aims to make shopping as pleasant and impressive as possible. According to experts, with the opening of the entertainment zone, the attendance of the entire shopping center increases by at least 20%. Therefore, the profitability of a professionally planned shopping and entertainment center is 30-35% higher than that of a conventional one. 2. Combining entertainment and learning, or rather, learning through entertainment. This direction is considered one of the most profitable. Such a union indicates that people prefer not only to have fun, but also to receive new cognitive information.

Combination of sports and entertainment. In the past few years, a wide variety of sports have been used as entertainment. This trend is especially evident in shopping and entertainment centers.

Combining the health and beauty industry with entertainment. In recent years, some destinations that were previously used exclusively for recreational purposes began to position themselves as entertainment.

This “repositioning” was experienced by massage services, saunas and baths. In addition, if we consider some areas of the modern health and beauty industry (spas, beauty parlors, solariums), then their perception, especially among the high-income segment, is more of an entertainment nature. Virtualization of the entertainment industry. The advent of digital media marks a new era in the entertainment industry. The rapid development of high-speed connectivity technologies and the increase in PC performance have acted as a kind of signal to service providers for the emergence of new entertainment options. This includes a new generation of entertainment desktop and mobile computers with built-in high-quality audio and video capabilities that provide users with a new entertainment experience that has never been possible before.

It can be argued that domestic market entertainment is almost formed. However, almost all segments have not yet reached the peak of their development, or are mastering niches that have not yet been occupied. Approximate comparisons of the network of entertainment enterprises in Russia, European countries and the United States show that even in terms of quantitative indicators, Russia lags behind quite significantly - entertainment centers, motels, campsites, hotels, museum rental centers, parks, etc. in Russia ten times less. At the initial stage, there are such recreational and entertainment facilities as health clubs, golf clubs, theme parks, automatic cinemas and cinemas for motorists, club-type cafes, trailer parks. The number of water parks, swimming pools, courts and skiing centers is many times less. The market of services for high-grade family leisure is poorly developed. Today, other, simplified forms of entertainment centers are offered for family holidays. In addition, in terms of turnover, the Russian entertainment market corresponds to the level of a small European country. However, the entertainment industry is beginning to gain momentum due to the growth in the purchasing power of the population and the experience gained by managers in managing entertainment infrastructure facilities.

Conclusion

Satisfaction with the quality and availability of entertainment is for a person an indicator of his social position, and for society - an indicator of the development of the country's economy as a whole and its social sphere. The tendentious nature of the development processes of the world entertainment market is also inherent in the domestic entertainment sector. However, the development of the entertainment market in Russia is associated with certain problems, both economic and social.

The entertainment industry is a multidisciplinary phenomenon and covers many areas of activity - the partial presence of the entertainment component is observed in many areas, which makes it difficult to single out the subject area of ​​research into a clear group.

Globalization trends have led to the fact that at present cultural and entertainment activities are represented not just by individual establishments for several types of entertainment, but by entire mega-complexes providing a wide range of various recreation and entertainment services - from all kinds of shows, fashion shows, exhibitions, watching movies, sports competitions to a variety of sports and recreational activities.

In general, it can be argued that the domestic entertainment market is practically formed. However, almost all segments have not yet reached the peak of their development, or are mastering niches that have not yet been occupied. Approximate comparisons of the network of cultural and entertainment complexes in Russia, European countries and the United States show that even in terms of quantitative indicators, the backlog of Russia is very significant.

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Kiseleva T.G., Krasilnikov Yu.D. Fundamentals of socio-cultural activities. Uch. allowance. Lecture course. - M., 2005.

Mambekov E.B. "Organization of leisure" Dis. Ph.D. - St. Petersburg: SPbTIK, 2001.

Milashevskaya E.K., Pryanishnikov M.E., Savchenko M.R. Clubs / Under the total. ed. M.R. Savchenko.- M.: Stroyizdat, 2000.

Nabuhotny A. Retailtainment - the key to the success of the shopping center. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: #"justify">. Associations of cultural and educational and cultural and creative orientation: Reference book - M. -Culture, 2001.

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(leisure communication)

Achieve in the leisure and entertainment activities of schoolchildren educational results of the first level (the acquisition by schoolchildren of social knowledge, the primary understanding of social reality and everyday life) is possible within the framework of such a well-known form as cult trip theater, museum, concert hall, gallery.

However, the cultural campaign of the cultural campaign is different. For example, a visit to the theater by a school class usually unfolds as follows:

The theater ticket distributor comes to the school;

Classroom teacher chooses a performance at his own discretion and informs the students about it;

Schoolchildren voluntarily-compulsorily hand over money for tickets to a teacher or a responsible classmate;

The class goes to a performance (most often such a trip is just an opportunity for the guys to “hang out” outside the walls of the house and school; only by chance can it become a personally significant cultural event for someone);

The discussion of the performance, if it occurs, is spontaneous.

Turning a cultural trip to the theater from a formal action into an educational event, the teacher will have to organize it in a fundamentally different way, in particular:

Together with the students, meet with the distributor of theater tickets, discuss the performances that are of interest to them and choose the most attractive one (in this case, a situation of personal self-determination of schoolchildren arises, the need and motivation to watch the performance is formed);

Organize the preparation by schoolchildren of a welcome address to the theater, where the guys promise to correspond to the "letter and spirit" of the theater, ask the actors to meet after the performance, etc. (the acceptance of such an appeal orients schoolchildren to voluntary and responsible compliance with the norms and rules of behavior);

Agree with the theater workers that one of them will meet the children before the start of the performance, introduce them to the theater space, introduce them to the theatrical subculture (the planned result is a deeper and more meaningful perception of the cultural event by schoolchildren);

Organize the final collective reflection of the event in the classroom (this is a continuation of the theatrical dialogue that is already taking place in the "home" environment, and therefore should deepen the attitude of schoolchildren to the cultural event);

Offer students who wish to complete creative works and donate them to the theater (this is a transition from the consumption of someone else's cultural text to the production of their own, laying the foundation for further cooperation with the theater).

To achieve in the leisure and entertainment activities of children educational results of the second level (the formation of positive attitudes of a schoolchild to the basic values ​​of our society and to social reality in general) such forms as a concert, dramatization, a festive "light" are aimed, of course, provided that they are organized by the schoolchildren themselves.

In the amateur art of schoolchildren, concerts most often involve performances in front of an audience of parents, guests, and peers. B.V. Kupriyanov distinguishes two ways of organizing a concert: "tour" (outdoor concert) and "showcase" (home concert).

Not only children's choreographic studios, drama circles, but also the most ordinary class, when schoolchildren have something to show the audience and have a desire to go somewhere, go out with a concert, can tour. The concert becomes a "showcase" when guests are invited to the children's team. In e that case a concert or performance is shown in the classroom, or in the school assembly hall.

Much depends on the level of preparation and the corresponding preparation of the concert program. In the practice of work of many good class teams, there are reporting annual concerts, when all the guys demonstrate their success in artistic work over the past year. The concept of "reporting concert" also includes a concert performance of just one group. In this case, the creative team shows a detailed program in one or two departments, prepared on your own. Concerts dedicated to a theme, holiday, significant date, as well as the life or work of a person, are called thematic.

Schoolchildren are very fond of festive "lights" in the classroom. In another way, this action can be called evening of communication in an impromptu cafe.

B.V. Kupriyanov notes that the prototype of the evening of communication in an impromptu cafe is brotherhood and youth gatherings in the Russian village tradition. This form, first of all, solves the problem of providing rest and pleasant pastime for schoolchildren. The educational tasks of the evening of communication in an improvised cafe are to optimize interpersonal relations in a children's association, to form the experience of joint socially acceptable spending of free time.

A festive "light" involves such attributes of a cafe as tables (no more than eight), subdued lighting, refreshments, etc. It organizes a meal, a show of artistic performances (of various levels of improvisation, both specially prepared and played on the spot without prior rehearsals), joint singing and / or dancing.

Depending on the given context, an evening of communication may look like an antique symposium, a meeting of an English club, village gatherings, Peter's assembly, an aristocratic salon, an official reception, an epic feast, a merchant's tea party, a bachelorette party (bachelor party), a theatrical skit, etc.

Organizationally, the course of the party is in the hands of the manager, who involves the participants in joint action, determining the nature of the interaction, the movement of the center of attention (from one table to another). The latter circumstance dictates such an arrangement of tables so that because of any of them one could see the action at another table. In addition, it is advisable to leave a platform for demonstrating pre-prepared, complex numbers or for dancing. It is also important to solve such issues as the correct accommodation of the participants of the evening, a delicious menu.

Entertainment at the social evening may include competition tasks, which are usually short-term and involve all participants (either as spectators or as performers). There should be no more than ten competitive tasks during the program. The most organic entertainment options at the evening of communication are also a game of forfeits and a lottery. The use of phantoms initially involves some playful tests, where personal items are confiscated from the losers. In order for the game of forfeits to attract the maximum number of those present, it is necessary to make the tests varied and try to collect forfeits from everyone. Correspond to the spirit of the evening of communication in an impromptu cafe parodies, cartoons and practical jokes.

When conducting this form, it is possible to use elements role play: distribution of individual and team roles. The team is made up of participants sitting at the same table. There may be competition in the party, but the competitive start should be unobtrusive. The joint communication of the participants of the evening has a specially organized part, it can be a story about some funny events, adventures. Since it is quite difficult for many schoolchildren to improvise an interesting story, the organizers use homework, word games: “Interpreter's Notebook”, “Alphabet Ending”, “Let's Argue with the Greats”, writing extraordinary stories, etc. This option is used for holding an evening of communication, when joint communication is built as a reaction to the monologues of the host, or an individual specially trained guest.

In order for the leisure and entertainment activities of schoolchildren to begin to ensure the achievement educational results of the third level (children gaining experience of independent social action), it must be transferred to the public space. In other words, start building the leisure of other people who do not fall into the category of relatives.

For example, you can organize a school in the microdistrict fair.

Fair (folk festival) - joint entertainment deployed on a certain site, involving the involvement of participants in various attractions. Examples of this form are the developments of the New Year's holiday, carried out under the guidance of S.P. Afanasiev: " New Year on Deribasovskaya. Festive Fair-festivities”, “Winter Fair”, “Twelve Months”, “New Year at the International Airport”.

The game idea (material) underlying the varieties of "festivities" can be a street, a district of the city where entertainment takes place, as well as a place intended for this specific pastime.

B.V. Kupriyanov singled out the procedures, acts and situations inherent in the fair-festivities.

First, this free movement participants throughout the space where the sites - attractions are located. Involvement in attractions is usually provided in the following way: for participation in attractions, tokens are issued, which can be exchanged for something tasty or healthy. There is an opportunity to develop a whole economic game. There are cases when at the very beginning and end of the fair, tokens were exchanged for real money. A slightly different mechanism for involving participants in attractions is provided for in methodological development"New Year on Deribasovskaya". Here, participants spend their tokens, receiving word cards for them. The one who can collect a whole phrase or several phrases from the received words becomes the winner and receives a special prize.

Secondly, the specifics of the attraction should be defined as a specific competition that does not require special skills, a long time to complete the task.

Thirdly, the fair usually begins with a general gathering, where the rules of the game are explained, prizes can be named that await the participant who has collected the most tokens.

Fourthly, the final of the fair can be held in the form of an auction-sale, where participants will be able to get rid of the remaining tokens by purchasing memorable prizes and souvenirs.

The algorithm of the fair includes:

General gathering, which may be accompanied by a line, a carnival procession;

Free movement of participants in space;

Free choice attraction and participation in it;

Final collection, with or without auction.

CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

One of the most important functions of leisure institutions is the organization of recreational and entertainment activities. Recreational and entertainment activities are understood as a special type of activity that is carried out by a person during leisure hours, which gives pleasure, has socially acceptable qualities and is of a healing, restorative nature. Modern researchers consider it as one of the functions of leisure, aimed at removing physical, intellectual, mental and emotional fatigue in order to recovery human life energy.

The process of recreation is closely intertwined with entertainment, providing conditions for relieving excessive stress, raising the mood, enjoying fun, communication, freedom, etc. But in this type of activity, people improve themselves culturally, so the very development. Leisure time of a person should be devoted to spiritual growth, development of the emotional and artistic-aesthetic sphere of the personality, its involvement in the world of culture and socio-cultural creativity, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health.

Speaking about the essence and features of recreational and entertainment activities, it is necessary to emphasize that it is based not only on the spiritual, but also on the biological needs of people. The biological vital activity of each person consists of two interrelated processes that replace each other: the expenditure of vital forces and their restoration. Productive labor sooner or later leads to fatigue (physical, intellectual, emotional), and the concentration of production, the intensification and urbanization of life causes fatigue - a special kind mental condition organism. Fatigue- a physiological state caused by physical overexertion, and fatigue- mental condition. The only means of restoring working capacity, personal development, is relaxation- the active state of the body, the change of one type of activity to another, depending on the desire, inclinations and interests of the person.

The process of restoring the vitality of a person is denoted by the term "recreation", which is widely used in Western leisure studies, being a derivative of two Latin verbs "restore" and "renew". At present, the discussion of problems devoted to the theory and practice of recreation is quite active (Kirsanov V., Streltsov Yu., Orlov A., Chizhikov V., etc.), but in all works it is emphasized that it (recreation) is carried out in free time , has an active character, is based on a voluntary, amateur basis, has a cognitive character, is aimed at improving health, gives pleasure, has socially acceptable qualities and can be a means of self-affirmation of the individual.

For a correct understanding of the features of recreation, it is necessary to make the following clarification: leisure institutions operate in the field of free time and, ultimately, everything that happens here contributes to a person’s relaxation. Recreation, on the other hand, involves the inclusion of an individual in specific activities that enrich the personality. This circumstance is the main essential difference between recreational and leisure activities, since leisure activities do not always have a pronounced value orientation. The range of leisure activities is extremely diverse. It can include both positive and negative, personality-destroying activities. However, only those types of activities that have a health-improving, restoring effect are recreational, i.e. recreational and entertaining activity includes only constructive, positive and socially justified types of activities.

Psychological and pedagogical essence of recreational and entertainment activities

Leisure activities are a specially organized pedagogical process that can be used for educational purposes, based on the objectively existing human need for recreational and entertainment activities. On the one hand, the organization of recreation and entertainment is necessary for every social group, and on the other hand, the level of this activity is still low, since pedagogical management and “outside” interference in this process are minimal and require high professionalism of the organizers and “leisure qualifications” of the people themselves. . An integral part of the activities of the organizer of recreation is to help people improve the structure and nature of the use of free time. From this follow the tasks of helping the individual to pass:

· from simple shapes recreation in the field of leisure to increasingly complex and culturally valuable;

· from passive to active rest;

· from the satisfaction of elementary needs to the satisfaction of deep social and cultural aspirations;

· from physical forms of recreation to spiritual enjoyment;

· from passive forms of recreation to creativity and self-improvement.

One of the tasks of the organizer of recreational and entertainment activities is to increase the overall mental tone of the individual, the formation of a good, cheerful mood, because mood- this is the general emotional state of a person, which forms the basis of the psychophysiological life of the body. The depletion of psychophysiological resources also entails a sharp decline in mood: nervousness, irritability, anxiety, stress, etc.

Pedagogical opportunities for recreation and entertainment are quite diverse:

· having fun, people get new information and enrich themselves intellectually (when they do not learn anything new at their leisure, vacationers invariably have a feeling of dissatisfaction);

· collective leisure has a positive impact on the moral formation of the individual (especially in group and mass forms of recreation);

· the team not only offers the individual one or another form of behavior, but with proper management by the organizers, “controls” this behavior;

· "leisure environment" is constantly changing, and a person, getting into this or that environment, adapts to it and his behavior is consistent with the behavior of the group;

· visitors often become active participants in mass entertainment activities, they somehow have a sense of community, mutual assistance, involvement in what is happening (the team conveys certain qualities to the individual, this is its educational function);

· the vast majority of leisure activities are associated with art, it generates positive emotions, which are most closely related to the removal of fatigue and fatigue, the restoration of spiritual comfort. When properly organized, recreational forms contribute to the aesthetic personal development, the formation of artistic taste (interior design, good repertoire, holding discos, musical and artistic evenings, exhibition design, etc.);

· it is difficult to overestimate the role of recreational and entertainment activities in the development of a culture of behavior - the development and consolidation of skills and abilities included in the so-called household etiquette, sociability, courtesy, friendly stewards, creating a positive mood (all this becomes a strong brake on any manifestation of negative phenomena).

One of the most urgent tasks of "leisure pedagogy" is the expansion of leisure recreational activities, their content, accessibility to a larger audience, attractiveness for different groups of the population, increasing pedagogical culture workers and organizers of leisure.

So, recreation is a certain activity: physical and intellectual; group and individual; passive and active (hence the terms "active recreation", "passive recreation") in accordance with age characteristics, interests, physical abilities, intellectual level on a voluntary basis. Recreational and entertaining activity presupposes the free creativity of the individual, such activity of a person that arises from his internal needs and motives, which he is free to perform or not to perform at his own discretion.

Functions of recreational and entertainment activities

Since recreational and entertainment activities are complex, multi-level in nature, corresponding to the diversity of interests and demands of members of society, its functions are determined by the social purpose and biological essence of a person. Translated from Latin, the word "function" is defined as a range of activities, purpose, obligation. In accordance with this, the functions of recreational and entertainment activities can be divided into the following types:

- informational and educational - involving the individual in the process of continuous education by specific means and methods of presenting information material;

- integrative-communicative - providing personally significant informal communication by creating certain conditions;

- cultural and creative - the inclusion of people in various types of amateur creativity (artistic, technical, scientific, etc.)

- value-hedonistic (pleasure, pleasure) - if leisure activities are useful, but not pleasant, they will lose a large share of their attractiveness to the audience;

- compensatory - in recreational activities, a person self-realization is carried out, the disclosure of his creative potentials, which can not always be realized in professional or other spheres of life, it, as it were, complements real life;

- moral and aesthetic - recreation is carried out in group, collective and mass forms, where a culture of behavior, communication, language is formed through the involvement of all genres of literature and art;

- health-improving - the formation of a healthy lifestyle, active recreation, the creation of an optimal physical life background.

- relaxation - its implementation is carried out in psychological practice, it is aimed mainly at relieving mental fatigue.

The named functions of recreational and entertainment activities are not isolated from each other, but, on the contrary, are interconnected, aimed at creating a cultural and spatial developing environment and cultural and developing activities of each person.

Principles of recreational and entertainment activities

Recreation can become truly effective only if it is organized in accordance with the main principles(from Latin - basis, immutability), be guided by scientific achievements, common sense, psychological and physiological characteristics of a person, practical experience organizer.

There are the following principles of recreational and entertainment activities:

· rest should be active - inactivity accompanies boredom, anti-culture, anti-social behavior, leads to even greater fatigue. “Only in activity is a person formed,” wrote the great physiologists Sechenov and Pavlov;

· alternation various kinds activities and the inclusion of a person in their various forms (observance of the law of excitation and inhibition of individual sections of the cerebral cortex);

· a reasonable combination of entertaining and educational part of leisure activities;

· differentiated approach to different categories of visitors (taking into account objective and subjective factors). This principle requires from the organizer of leisure not only a clear idea of ​​the composition of visitors, the nature of their requests and interests, but also knowledge of the psychological and pedagogical essence of various leisure activities, the ability to offer everyone what he needs.

Main typesrecreational and entertainment activities

One can argue about the legitimacy and limits of pedagogical influence on the sphere of leisure, especially on its recreational and entertainment activities, but now one should hardly doubt that it is impossible to directly control the behavior and activities of an individual in her free time. It is very important to create conditions for the satisfaction and further development of people's real interests and needs, to take into account how certain recreational activities develop them, increase social activity, form the ability to rationally and independently build their leisure time.

We note the series species recreational and entertainment activities, among which the most important are:

1. free friendly conversation with informational value, ease, mutual interest, freedom of choice, etc.

2. a game in the process of which the satisfaction of cognitive, communicative, aesthetic, recreational needs of a person takes place. In the game, fatigue is removed, emotional discharge occurs, certain mental qualities are brought up, new knowledge and skills are acquired.

3. amateur artistic performance (mass dances and songs, music-making, poetry reading, etc.) are popular among people of all ages, and especially among young people. For many people, this type of artistic and performing activity seems to be the most accessible and attractive.

4. individual consumption of cultural values ​​(reading, listening to music, watching TV, Internet, computer, etc.)

5. consumption of spiritual values ​​of a public entertainment nature (cinema, theater, stage, museum, exhibition, show programs, botanical garden, zoo, etc.) The perception of various entertainment spectacles (artistic, game, sports, etc.) system of recreational activities, tk. quickly help relieve stress, enjoy, disconnect from everyday life. But it should be noted that entertaining spectacles have both advantages and disadvantages. Their abuse deprives a person of intellectual, physical activity essential for the full development of the individual.

6. educational, entertaining, ecological, sports and recreational, extreme and other types of tourism.

7. active recreation: non-professional sports, walks and other forms of communication with nature, sports games, sports and entertainment activities of "street" culture (parkour, skateboard, graffiti, etc.)

The main means of recreational and entertainment activities and various types of recreation can be conditionally grouped into four system components that are guided by the basic principles of recreation, and these are:

· communicative (passive rest);

· game (active rest);

· spectacular (passive rest);

· artistic and creative (active recreation).

Efficiency of recreational and entertainment activities .

So, recreational and entertainment activities can be represented by many of its different types, which can be:

· active and passive;

· physical and mental;

· collective and individual .

Different types of recreational and recreational activities may differ from each other in terms of " specific gravity"in leisure time, and cultural value and significance for the individual and society as a whole. Each of these elements has its own specifics. They do not need to be opposed to each other, but skillfully combined, complementing and enriching.

As you know, recreation opens up for an individual a wide range of positive results obtained in various types of recreational activities: interpersonal communication, competition, games, creativity, sports, tourism, and much more. However, in order to determine efficiency recreational and entertainment activities have their own specific criteria, these are:

a) the level of activity of the individual;

b) the level of their creative saturation;

c) stability and regularity of cultural and entertainment activities;

d) their content diversity;

e) the degree of sustainability of the educational impact.

An organized recreational environment becomes effective only if it is possible to build a thoughtful leisure system, adapted to the characteristics of the main groups of tourists. The components of such a system can be represented as follows:

· a combination of mass, group and individual forms of recreation;

· creation of conditions for everyday rest and easy communication;

· organization of mass leisure events of a weekly, monthly and annual cycle;

· organization of festive leisure;

· organization of leisure activities at the place of residence;

· education of leisure culture of the population.

The current system of the main types of recreational activities is not accidental. It reflects the real needs of the population, takes into account national traditions and new trends in the development of forms of leisure. A systematic approach makes it possible to build practical work leisure institutions in the recreational and entertainment sphere, taking into account the psychophysiological patterns of the human body, the characteristics of production and labor activities, the characteristic features of life and everyday behavior of people.

Forms (programs) of recreational and entertainment activities

Knowing well the features of each type of recreational and entertainment activity and leisure component, we can create an artistically organized environment where a well-thought-out combination of all elements makes it possible to develop a comprehensive form (program) that allows you to include the audience in any type of leisure activity, guided by their interests and needs. Streltsov Yu.A. defines the form as a specially organized external expression of the coordinated activity of the subject and object.

Depending on this, we will consider some recreational and entertainment forms (programs), which can be divided into:

· on the basis of "direction of activity",

· according to the "number of people"

· on the use of means of expression,

· on the principle of differentiation and much more.

In operational and practical terms, it is quite acceptable classification of forms of recreation according to the main type of human activity at leisure. These include:

· information and educational (creative meetings, conversations, information and art programs, club evenings);

· consumption of spiritual values ​​(mass performances, concerts, performances, film screenings, exhibitions, festivals, reviews, etc.);

· ritual and festive (ritual celebrations, holidays, complex evenings of rest, balls, carnivals, festivities, etc.);

· communicative (salons, living rooms, gatherings, evening parties, leisure meetings, festive "light", etc.);

· competitive games (plot-game programs, game contests, tournaments, olympiads, etc.);

· excursion and tourist (hiking, excursions, expeditions, tourist gatherings and much more).

A common type of recreation is a game, the popularity of which lies in the momentary nature, improvisation, entertainment, the absence of a rigid division into spectators and participants. In the games, the active-creative beginning of its participants is clearly expressed. Becoming more complex in their content, individual games become independent and leave the platform for the stage and acquire a complex character.

The characteristic features of all competitive and entertainment programs are: competitiveness, the use of a variety of artistic material, content-organizational complexity, plot and the presence of a leader. Everything that is connected with the creative activity of the masses, game competitions are continuously developing, improving, enriching and becoming necessary in terms of recreation.

Evening of rest.

A popular form of leisure both in everyday recreation and in organizing it on weekends are evenings of rest. A complex evening of rest is a multi-program form of recreational and entertainment activity, which consists of educational and entertaining components. It differs from a dance evening in its structure, content, means of emotional impact, ways of activating the audience, and special visual and artistic design. In practice, several types of such evenings have developed (literary and artistic, musical, theatrical, concert and dance, charity, festive, dance, etc.). Their classification is very relative.

An evening of rest is an educational and entertaining action built according to a pre-designed artistic and pedagogical program, which organically combines information, diverse cultural communication, an element of spectacle and active entertainment (dance and play). They attract people with the absence of strict regulation, the ability to organize their behavior in accordance with individual characteristics and interests, the free expression of feelings, receiving emotional charge or discharge.

The organizers of the evenings of rest need to clearly represent the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and take into account not only their age, but also education, level of knowledge, social status, nature and content of work, sensory, informational, communicative insufficiency or overload, interests, motives, value orientations , social settings, and in order to increase the effectiveness of the evening, focus on a homogeneous audience.

Depending on the formal and qualitative aspects of the expected audience, various pedagogical goals are set: the development of aesthetic tastes, views, concepts, ideas and assessments; fostering a creative attitude to life, respect for environment, consistency of their behavior with those present; promoting acquaintance and communication of peers; receiving by the participants of emotions of joy, pleasure, self-realization, activity, recreation.

Each of the evenings has certain features, but the main stages and principles of their conduct remain common. The program of the evening includes dances, games and auctions that have an emotional impact, carrying informative and entertaining information; guests are expected to participate in a variety of games - sedentary, mobile, plot, non-plot, as well as impromptu performances of participants - singing songs, dancing, learning new dances.

At the evening of rest, a spectacular component is also provided: showing film fragments, cartoons, slides, models of the season, concert numbers.

Depending on all the system components (spectacle, game, dance, communication), the genre of the evening is also planned. If dancing prevails, it will be a dance evening of relaxation, if the main component is musical - a meeting with a composer, performer - it will be a musical and entertaining evening, etc. It is often difficult to draw the line between spectacular and game nights, as they belong to complex recreational and entertainment programs.

Organizers should pay attention to the following points:

· it is necessary to take care of advertising, invitation cards, organization of special radio broadcasts, etc. in advance.

· appropriate decoration of the foyer, halls, rest rooms. A cheerful mood will be created by playful slogans and greetings hung on the walls, illustrations, emblems, lights, etc.

· scenario development taking into account all its components;

· preparation of musical accompaniment, manager of the evening and host of game programs;

· organization of corners "Play it yourself" with pre-prepared props.

As a rule, the main part of the evening of relaxation is a dance program. Its content and character are largely determined by the selection of dances and their accompaniment. Experience shows that it is best to do it from several departments, where during the break you can learn new dances, include demonstration performances of dance ensembles, small concerts, and various games.

As we have already noted, we will also include a dance evening in the evenings of rest. It may have a name that determines the content: "Allow me to invite", "In the world of dance", "From retro to disco", etc. The purpose of the dance evening is physical and emotional charging, promoting communication between young people, physical activity, listening to modern music and information about new music, musical trends, etc.

Dance evenings should be a form of aesthetic and moral education of young people, and for this they should be properly organized. It is desirable that the content of each dance evening correspond to its name, it is appropriate to talk about the lessons of good manners, the beauty of dance, show how to perform this or that dance correctly, hold dance and music games, music quizzes, auctions.

Disco.

A special type of evenings of rest are evenings held in the form discos. This form came to us from the West and became popular among young people, and modern discos are called the brainchild of scientific and technological progress. The etymology of this word is simple: its first part means the subject of a flat circle - a disk, later - the basis of the musical style "disco"; The second part - "teka"- comes from Greek "teke", which means collection, repository. In other words, the disco in its original meaning is a repository of records.

At the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, music and dance youth evenings began to appear in clubs, student hostels, youth sports camps, etc., a distinctive feature of which was an organic combination of music, dance and slides projected onto screens with images of performers whose voices were in the dance hall. Almost at the same time, peculiar commentators of the music performed and the accompanying video sequence appear at such evenings - hosts of dance evenings, disc jockeys, DJs.

In methodological terms, discos are complex events. They unite the efforts of lovers of technical creativity and music salons, theater lovers and propaganda teams, organizers of verbal and gaming communication. The chairman of the jury of the first festival-competition of discos, composer A.E. Petrov: "Disco is a new multi-variant form of collective leisure, based on a radio program created before our eyes, immediately broadcast to the hall, plus theater, pantomime, concert, cinema, slide rhythm, color music, plus a musical lecture hall, music club, choreography, technical and game creativity.

All this taken together received a name that quickly became popular - a disco, the program of which began to include entertaining contests, special disco games, fashionable dance shows, they began to be not only purely entertaining, but also educational and thematic, however, much less often. Meanwhile, the prefix "disco" served as the basis for the formation of a number of modern forms of cultural and leisure activities. Disco dancers, disco evenings, disco bars, disc theaters, disco ballet, disco collections and even disco mode appeared.

In connection with the preparation and holding of such events, at first, initiative groups appeared, and later, original leisure associations - disco clubs, whose task was to make slide programs, develop scripts for disco programs, select information, draw up a dance program, and select musical accompaniment.

Where disco clubs operate, the content of their activities goes into the following groups: information and scenario, creative, theatrical and artistic, design.

1. The Information and Scenario Group collects information about modern popular music, studies literature, prepares factual material for the disco, and develops scripts.

2. The creative group is the hosts who directly conduct the disco. They require special preparation, their task is to ensure that the evening at the disco is meaningful and not boring. This should be a person with a good aesthetic taste, enthusiastic, having a large stock of knowledge, and in addition, an active interlocutor with a talent for direct communication, resourceful, witty, tactful. The leader also needs good diction, communication skills, the ability to behave naturally and freely. A DJ is also an entertainer with a sense of humor, a good reader, a resourceful improviser, and, to some extent, a dance teacher.

3. The theatrical and artistic group includes actors, a plastic group, and participants in theatrical shows.

4. Design group - provides the technical part of the disco, decorate the room, prepare lighting effects, slides, film fragments. There may be artists, photographers, sound engineers, lighting technicians.

Currently, disco programs are conditionally divided into two main types: dance and entertainment and thematic.

The main place in the first is given to dances, so it should not be overloaded with information, but it should not be limited to just the announcement of musical compositions. At such a disco, music quizzes, auctions and sales of discs and literature can be organized. It is possible to demonstrate movie fragments, slides, dance competitions, dance studio shows.

Thematic disco program consists of separate thematically completed blocks lasting 10-15 minutes. The block includes 8-10 musical compositions, combined according to various criteria. The block can go under a permanent heading, for example, “Music Museum”, “Musical Novelties”, etc. Information material you need to submit it unobtrusively - in a playful way, insert it into the announcer's text, into the DJ's addresses to the audience and in his additions to the participants' answers to the quiz answers.

There are pauses between program blocks. These breaks, or rather switching to other activities, should have an independent aesthetic, cognitive, educational value, so they are filled with slide films, performances by interesting guests, concert numbers, competitions, interviews can be included in pauses.

Thematic disco program is more complex than the dance and entertainment program. It can take the form of a poetry performance, a disco lecture, a musical lounge, and sometimes in a complex.

Currently, discos operate mainly on a commercial basis. In the disco movement, there are a lot of unresolved and difficult to solve problems: this is musical bad taste, low dance culture, and in some discos, a culture of behavior.

Gatherings. Evenings.

In the conditions of a modern leisure institution, communication between people can act in a wide variety of recreational forms, such as gatherings and parties. Their main feature is that here vacationers are included in a kind of mass game through a plot-figurative move and receive a ready-made line of behavior.

Gatherings are abundantly saturated with entertainment, but by their nature it is still a kind of leisure communication with all the characteristic features. In the explanatory dictionary of V. Dahl, the concept of "evenings" is added to the concept of "gatherings". But it is impossible to put an equal sign between them, because gatherings are the basis of some common labor activities, and evenings are associated with relaxation and entertainment.

At present, gatherings are a complex form of recreational and entertainment activities based on folk traditions and customs using a variety of folklore material. Folklore motifs are present in dances, songs, games, leading clothes, room decoration, etc. Gatherings have retained their specifics today: they are not divided into a stage and a hall, they are characterized by intimacy and a common guest table, people of the older generation pass on their life experience , work skills, ethics of behavior for young people. Usually folk craftsmen perform at them, exhibitions of their products, traditional tea parties, treats "all in the bag" are arranged.

Gatherings revive and preserve the living history of the people and, together with the emotional impact, carry a serious historical and educational burden. The practice of reviving gatherings has shown that they have acquired the most different directions. It:

· Gatherings, including elements of the ancient Belarusian rites "Fun", "Girl's Saturday", "Conspiracy", etc., so that young people know and use some ritual actions, songs, dances in modern family and household rituals;

· The use of spectacular and game actions of the calendar-ritual holidays “Gukanne vyasny”, “We ask for carols”, etc .;

· Gatherings, the content of which reveals the folk art “I will sing a ringing ditty”, “That is not an accordion - the soul sings”, etc .;

· Family gatherings, where there is a family and everyday basis, revealing the experience of generations in family life, family education, folk pedagogy, such as "The warmth of the native hearth", "Bread on the table - joy in the house", etc.

So, as you can see, gatherings and parties are not just a kind of recreation and communication, but also an excellent school of socialization. Saturated with beautiful symbols, personified images, they educate subtly, imperceptibly, gradually, and poetically and musically designed, they represent a huge layer of folk culture.

Salons.

An important place among the chamber forms of recreation is occupied by salons, that perform a communicative function. The qualitative features of this type of communication are ease, trust, a high level of emotionality, selectivity, comfort, awareness, etc.

Salon is a French word and by its appearance refers to XVIII century. In Belarus, salons appeared in the 60s in the Brest region as evening meetings of the intelligentsia (artists, writers, music workers, etc.). This form of recreation today is a collection of people united by common interests, they differ in a number of ways. characteristic features:

- are unstable club associations that do not have a clear internal structure;

- activity is based on the spontaneous activity of those present;

- obligatory presence of interesting people;

- is distinguished by the absence of formalism;

- the content of communication most often has an artistic orientation;

- developing from an unstable audience, a club salon can develop into a club association.

There are various types of salons, the content of which has a recreational and entertainment beginning:

- musical and artistic;

Theatrical;

Literary;

- literary and musical;

- literary and local history, etc.

In accordance with the interests of each person, communication has a very different content, but most often it is limited to the scope of art. In essence, the perception of art in whatever form it takes, enriches the emotional experience of a person, makes him more sincere, smarter, thinner. And in this sense, chamber forms of recreation (gatherings, salons, evening meetings) are indispensable in the formation of a culture of communication, behavior, interaction, i.e. particular school of socialization.

theatrical spectacle .

For people in the process of recreation, an important place is occupied by the perception of entertainment spectacles in various forms of its manifestation: artistic, sports, gaming, theatrical, etc. Their effectiveness is largely determined by the nature of aesthetic experiences: it is beauty, brightness, ingenuity, and at the same time cognition. Spectacle in Russian means "what appears to the eye, attracts the eye (phenomenon, incident, landscape, etc.)"

The theatrical spectacle is a rather complex socio-artistic phenomenon, which is organized according to the laws of the theater and carried out with the help of its expressive means. At present, in leisure practice, the concept of a theatrical spectacle has been assigned to large-scale mass events: theatrical performances, concerts, solemn processions, theatrical and circus performances, enchanting spectacles, modern electronic types, show programs, humor, skit and others, where the hedonistic function.

The perception of spectacles, like any emotional "shake-up", restores spiritual balance, gives a new charge of vivacity. As a result, accumulated fatigue and tension go away, negative emotions are either temporarily neutralized or give way to positive ones. The spectacle acts as an independent form, or it can be an integral component of a comprehensive cultural and recreational program (ball, evening of rest, "light", etc.)

Along with the main activity, it is also necessary to take into account the specifics of various types of recreation: everyday, Sunday, holiday and family. Each of them has its own characteristics, psychological basis, methods of emotional influence and ways of including an individual in activities, communication, and creativity.

forms of daily recreation.

Modern leisure centers have all the possibilities for organizing everyday rest– rest rooms, living rooms and halls, cafes, game rooms, green areas, sports grounds, etc.

It is very important to provide people with the opportunity for the so-called peaceful semi-active recreation. One of its forms is a relaxed friendly conversation that does not require serious efforts from a person, concentration, allowing you to enjoy the very process of communicating with interesting people which is a form of recreation.

In the process of everyday leisure communication, entertainment information has a significant share: funny stories, jokes, anecdotes, the exchange of information about books, films, actors, etc.

A prominent place in the general system of everyday recreation is occupied by gaming entertainment: board games, chess, billiards, computer games, board-printed and board-sports games, etc. It is advisable to organize competitions, competitions, tournaments and much more here.

Everyday rest, based on spontaneous activity and self-activity of vacationers, refers to processes that are difficult to regulate.

The purpose of everyday rest is to promote not only switching a person from one type of activity to another, restoring the expended energy, but also enriching him as a person, compensating for creative and emotional opportunities unrealized in work and family, self-expression within the framework of broad social contact.

On weekends, complex forms of cultural and recreational activities are held - rest days, combining educational and entertainment elements. They are arranged at any time of the year for employees of one enterprise and their families, employees of one industry, one region: a city, an agro-town, a microdistrict, a street, a yard, etc.

Recreation is organized in such a way that each participant has the opportunity to choose a lesson in accordance with their interests. These can be field trips, trips to museums, theaters, meetings with interesting people, performances by creative teams, sports competitions, meetings with various specialists, open meetings in club associations, etc. A kind of club association can also be a weekend club, the purpose of which is to unite the efforts of all public organizations (trade union, Council of Veterans, youth organizations, etc.) in organizing leisure activities based on a differentiated approach to various categories of visitors. The weekend club establishes creative links with other institutions of culture, art and sports, with the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, radio and television workers, and so on.

Family days off.

Family rest days - a very common form of recreation. Their goal is to organize active recreation for parents with children, to overcome the passivity of recreation in the family and to take it beyond the scope of home leisure. Family days can be themed. For example: “Mom, dad, I am a sports family” may include sports competitions of parents and children between families, competitions for the best knowledge of songs and poems about sports, meetings with famous athletes, master classes, demonstration performances of leading athletes, etc.

When developing a family rest day program, it is necessary to provide for a variety of activities designed for the interests of various groups of participants. In recent years, charity events have also been held on this day for low-income and large families, the disabled and pensioners.

The organization of recreational and entertainment activities on weekends helps and teaches people the proper use of their free time, regardless of where it is held - in leisure institutions, at home, alone with art, with nature, i.e. forms the culture of leisure in general.

Holiday rest .

An important link in the system of recreational and entertainment activities is the organization of festive rest, which successfully performs a number of compensatory functions that affect the psychophysiological state of a person by excitation of certain emotional states. This and balls, "lights", festivities, show programs, carnivals. Like any strong shake-up, the holiday restores spiritual balance, gives a new charge of vivacity, the accumulated fatigue and tension are discharged, and the prospect of tomorrow's joy colors the everyday mood.

From a recreational point of view, the hedonistic (enjoyment) aspect of holiday recreation is important, because it is inextricably linked with the life of every person and society.

The perception of various artistic spectacles and artistic and creative activity are organically intertwined with the real actions of the game, sports, ritual and ceremonial plan. In this sense, festive entertainment, by its very nature, does not accept a sharp division into performers and spectators, because they are always the result of the initiative and collective creativity of the masses.

"Commercial" leisure.

In recent years, the activity of people in the field of leisure has acquired a new quality, the range of forms and types of leisure activities of cultural institutions that organize this activity has expanded. A fairly new direction in the development of recreational leisure has already emerged, associated with working on a commercial basis: casinos, nightclubs, youth discos, Internet cafes, computer centers, etc.

"Extreme Leisure".

A peculiar fashion for “extreme” is also born, because many scientists have found that the human body cannot live without passions, experiences, a change of scenery, and even without a bittersweet taste of risk, whose name is “adrenaline”. Extreme sports are becoming more and more part of our lives: rock climbing, surfing, skiing, scuba diving, skydiving, auto-moto racing, extreme tourism, street sports and much more. At the same time, practice shows that the informal recreation system covers a significantly larger number of people than the formal one. Unorganized leisure, in comparison with organized, turned out to be more flexible, dynamic and quickly responding to the emerging situation in society.

In conclusion, we note that today the established model of recreational leisure sometimes goes beyond the scope of cultural leisure in a number of ways. The function of recreation in its extravagant format begins to displace another function necessary for normal leisure - the cultural development of the individual.

And here a big role belongs to the organizers of leisure, which are called upon to:

· create favorable conditions for the development of various spiritual interests and needs of the individual;

· saturate their leisure time with meaningful types of recreation;

· direct a person from simple passive forms of recreation to more complex culturally;

· to form a high degree of self-organization by the personality of his leisure;

· organize preventive work against anti-cultural activities, cultivate a kind of cultural immunity;

As a generalist, the leisure organizer must identify and satisfy the cultural and leisure interests of different groups of the population, stimulate innovative areas of leisure, introduce effective pedagogical methods and implement the leading function of leisure - cultural and recreational. The educational possibilities of various types of recreational activities are endless, because. it is recognized as an important factor in social life, contributing to the development of intellectual and creative potential, obtaining emotional, psychological and physical health, all that specialists in the field of leisure and recreation define as "life quality business" .

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CHECKING

1. Expand the essence of the concept of recreational and entertainment activities.

2. Describe the main types of human recreation in the field of leisure.

3. Give a description of the functions and principles of recreational and entertainment activities.

4. Describe the main elements of the system of recreational activities.

5. Name the main components of modern complex forms of recreation.

6. Give a brief description of the organization of daily recreation.

7. What is the peculiarity of recreational and entertainment activities on weekends?

8. Outline the basic requirements for the structure of holiday leisure.

9. Analyze the modern system of popular competitive and entertainment programs.

10. What are the features of chamber forms of recreation (gatherings, salon)?

11. Reveal the features of disco as a form of recreation.

12. Formulate the main tasks of the organizer of recreational and entertainment activities.

LITERATURE

1. Ariarsky, M.A. Applied cultural studies / M.A. Ariarian. - St. Petersburg. - 2001. - S. 28.

2. Zharkov, A.D. Technology of cultural and leisure activities / A.D. Zharkov. - M. - 1998. - S. 163-184.

3. Zharkov, A.D. Theory and technology of cultural and leisure activities / A.D. Zharkov. – M.: MGUKI Publishing House, 2007. – 480s.

4. Burov, N.V. Pedagogy of cultural and educational environment / N.V. Burov. - St. Petersburg: Concert, 2012. - S. 354-393.

5. Zharkova, L.S. Organization of activities of cultural institutions: Textbook for students of universities of culture and arts /L.S. Zharkova. - M .: Publishing House MGUKI, 2010. - S. 102-106.

6. Kirsanov, V.V. Conceptual approaches to the study of pedagogical and recreational technologies in the socio-cultural sphere// Bulletin of KNUKIM.: Zb. navuk. prats. - ATip.12.- K., 2005. - S. 13-37.

7. Cultural and leisure activities under the scientific. ed. HELL. Zharkov and V.M. Chizhikov. - M. - 1998. - S. 430-453.

8. Ozhegov, S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / S.I. Ozhegov. - M.: Russian language, 1983. - S. 210.

9. Orlov, A.S. Sociology of recreation /A.S. Orlov. – M.: Nauka, 1995.

10. Streltsov, Yu.A. Culturology of leisure / Yu.A. Streltsov. - M.: MGUKI, 2003. - S. 163-204.

11. Streltsov, Yu.A. Streltsova, E.Yu. Leisure pedagogy: textbook / Yu.A. Streltsov, E.Yu. Streltsov. - 2nd ed. correct and additional – M.: MGUKI, 2010. – P.161-202.

12. Ryzhkin, Yu.E. Psychological and pedagogical foundations of physical recreation: textbook. allowance / Yu.E. Ryzhkin. - St. Petersburg: Russian State Pedagogical University im. A.I. Herzen, 1997. - 36p.

Cultural and entertainment activities of cultural institutions is one of the main directions. However, in practice, this area of ​​activity of cultural institutions is controversial. On the one hand, the organization of recreation and entertainment in cultural institutions is a popular business, and on the other hand, the level of this activity is extremely low.

The organization of recreation and entertainment in a cultural institution is a type of activity of specialists who require a high level of professional skills and a level of culture of the audience. By organizing recreation and entertainment, specialists will be able to involve people in

the action of life itself on the basis of their initiative, activity, evoke strong, diverse emotions.

AT modern conditions the organization of recreation and entertainment requires a special scope for fantasy and fiction, a broad daily search for original solutions.

In the process of reforming our society, people began to free themselves from false pathos and pseudo-culture, a certain emancipation appeared, which, from a lack of culture among a significant part of the youth, turns into a violation of public order.

The real attitude of people to the problems of organizing recreation and entertainment is influenced by the intensification and complication of a person's mental activity; deployment of his spiritual, personal potential and the corresponding increase in the need for recognition, respect and personal self-expression.

One of the reasons for the low level of this area of ​​activity in cultural institutions is that specialists have not yet mastered the difference in the concepts of "recreation" and "entertainment". In the process of rest, a person restores his physical condition, and entertainment is necessary to relieve psychological stress, overload, overwork. Hence, entertainment requires special physical and emotional stress. The nature of recreation and entertainment determines its audience. Entertainment is typical for young people, and older people need rest. Good rest involves cognitive activity, gaining knowledge, developing intelligence, changing activities. Entertainment develops a person's dexterity, resourcefulness, quickness of orientation, they are fun, temperamental, with creative imagination.

The ability to have a reasonable rest, make your leisure time meaningful, spend it in such a way as to give a psychological relaxation to the body, get a charge of vivacity and good

mood for the working week, significantly prolongs working capacity and life.

Recreation in cultural institutions is of mass, group and individual character. To organize collective recreation means to include each person in common activities, to combine his individual interests with public ones, to achieve conformity of his individual actions with the nature of the objective laws of social development. Therefore, the organization of recreation, in its essence, acts as a creative process, the effectiveness of which largely depends on the participation of the population itself in it, its ability to relax.

In cultural and entertainment activities, it is especially important that each person does his favorite thing, performs those actions that best suit his own interests and capabilities.

Recently, in cultural institutions, preference has been given to family-wide leisure activities (74% of respondents), i.e. such passive forms of recreation as watching videotapes, listening to music, etc.

Observations show that the role of books, newspapers, and lectures has been significantly reduced, which can be explained both by the great preoccupation with household chores and the increasing importance of family-wide forms of leisure.

There are about 68% of people who do not find useful leisure activities and are looking for any company to waste their leisure time, sometimes to the detriment of their health and intellect.

Considering the organization of recreation and entertainment as a special activity, one should note the concentration in it of the intellectual, emotional and volitional spheres of a person. It is also necessary to take into account the special importance of emotional richness in active recreation, and not only in entertainment programs.

Leisure allows you to switch from mandatory to non-compulsory, from serious to fun, from mental to physical, from personal affairs and interests to public, and vice versa.

It is necessary to rely on “switching schemes” typical for cultural institutions and methods of emotional and other discharge, characterizing the dynamics of classes in the structure of available time, their energy, time and other limits, their psychophysiological value for different people.

At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between emotional discharge and the emotional burden of the impact on a person in the process of recreation and entertainment, between which there is a certain interdependence.

The main method in cultural and entertainment activities is the game. Here the game appears in two guises: as a method of preparing a program and as a form. How the shape of the game has the following distinctive features: the presence of a certain playing space; game rules; gaming needs.

As a method, the game is a conscious initiative activity aimed at achieving a conditional goal voluntarily set by the players themselves. Achieving the goal requires active actions from the players, the implementation of which depends on the creative initiative of the players.

The rules of the game determine the nature of the obstacles and difficulties in the game on the way to achieving the goal. The complexity of the games depends on the complexity and number of rules.

The main structure of the game: exposition - a program for organizing participants, forming teams; plot ~ statement of the rules of the game; main action: motivation, incentive to play; game Action control; involvement of playing participants in the game; organization of the game final.

The climax is the achievement of the game goal. Final - honoring the winners of the game.

The choice of a game for a specific form of cultural and entertainment activity depends on: purpose; age features game participants; the number of participants; conditions for the game; venues for the game; availability of game equipment.

The text of the explanation of the rules should be concise and logical and include: the name of the game, the purpose of the game, the roles and locations of the players, the course of the game, the rules of the game.

You can use the technique of showing individual moments of the game. Game characters, for example, buffoons, clowns, etc., can act as game demonstrators.

Some games require the selection of a driver from the playing environment. To do this, you can use the method of invitation or lot, but the most interesting method, from a pedagogical point of view, is the nomination of a leader by a team of players.

Determining the results of the game is of great educational importance, so the organizers need to consider the nature of the announcement of the results of the game. In the Russian Federation, those forms of cultural and entertainment activities that are carried out on the basis of folklore and gaming traditions are becoming increasingly popular. It:

Sports and artistic festival "Very well done games", containing a synthesis of fun, games, rituals and ceremonies with modern sports and technical sports;

Art and game evenings "Gatherings";

Family-domestic forms of leisure such as "Evening", the basis of the structural construction of which is the form of a meeting of 2-3 families in a cultural institution;

Dance and game evenings "Russian Tea", "At the Siberian Samovar", etc.

Thus, the sports and art competition "Very well done games" is held in order to intensify the sports and art activities of leisure organizations based on folklore and gaming traditions.

The main stages of the organization of the art and sports competition "Very well done games".

1. Creation of the organizing committee of the competition: the organizing committee may include representatives of state, public organizations and informal associations; the organizing committee develops the main provisions of the art and sports competition "Very well done games", which include: the goals and objectives of the competition; list of participants; time and place of the event; responsible for financing and solving organizational issues; the main stages of the competition; competition program; requirements for participating teams; composition of the jury; competition stage evaluation system; order of awarding the winners.

2. Distribution of the regulation on holding the "Young Games".

3. Preliminary stage of the "Young Games": draw of teams participating in the competition; scheduling preliminary competitions and competitions.

4. Preparation of the art and sports competition "Very well done games": venue of the competition; trade fairs; game attractions; medical service; a detachment for the protection of public order; formation of a director and production team; drawing up a plan for rehearsals of amateur art groups.

5. Conducting "Very well done games": meeting of the participating teams; solemn opening of the "Young Games"; building teams-participants; removal and hoisting of the flag; greeting members of the organizing committee, guests, participants of the competition; artistic representation of teams; opening of the fair; sports competitions; folk festivals.

6. Summing up the results of the competition and awarding the winners.

7. Solemn closing of the art and sports competition "Very well done games".

The specifics of various types of recreation should also be taken into account: festive and everyday, weekends and family vacations. And each of these types of recreation has its own psychological basis.

The festive situation maximally activates the emotional sphere of a person. The nature of the rest depends on the characteristics of the pre-holiday period. At the same time, the activities of the organizers have the task of affirming socially significant values ​​and creation, involving the maximum majority in a single festive action. A high emotional mood makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the festive action. This feature must be taken into account when organizing a festive action, regardless of what methods will be used in its preparation.

For everyday unorganized recreation in cultural institutions there are youth living rooms with a cozy cafe, a reading room, a film lecture hall, a green living room with aquariums and film demonstration and exhibition halls.

A new style of entertainment is being formed. The process of the emergence of new technically equipped forms of service in cultural institutions, such as audio-visual, video equipment, computerization, etc., has begun.

The rapid development of audiovisual and technical means now largely determines not only the forms of recreation and entertainment, but also the activities of existing cultural institutions and the creation of new ones.

To the greatest extent, the cognitive capabilities of a person are mobilized when the decisive factor is

the argument "necessary" is thrown. And it arises only when a person has the opportunity to combine curiosity and the need for cognitive activity.

Under the influence of new forms of recreation, other qualities of a person develop and become fixed. And on how deep their content is, how active they are, ultimately depends on the result of the activities of cultural institutions.