• phrase is a combination of independent words related in meaning and grammatically.
• subordination- this is a way of connecting words in a phrase, when one word is the main one, and the other is dependent. From the main to the dependent, you can always put a question.

A phrase consists of a main and a dependent word.

For example: Sergei handed in his work on time.
Let's find all the phrases:

• handed over work - handed over (whom? what?) work; passed - the main word, work - dependent;
• handed over on time - handed over (when?) on time; passed - the main word, on time - dependent;
• their work - work (what? whose?) theirs; work is the main word, your own is dependent.

There are two words left: Sergey passed. This is a grammatical basis, both words are the main members of the sentence, neither of them is more important than the other. It turns out that subject and predicate cannot be called a phrase.

What combinations of words cannot be called a phrase

1. main members of the proposal.
2. Equal combinations - in the sentence these are homogeneous members ( red and blue, thought and understood, relatives and friends). They are connected not by a subordinating, but by a coordinating (equal) connection.
3. An independent word (noun, adjective, pronoun, verb and other significant parts of speech) with a function word, more often it is a preposition, less often - a particle ( for training, in the story, did not agree, let him think). Between an independent and an auxiliary word, the semantic connection is not formalized by a question. You cannot ask a question from the verb "agreed" to the particle "not" or from the noun "training" to the preposition "on". Such combinations are necessary for the grammatical connection of words in a sentence.
4. Compound forms of words - the future tense of the verb (will + infinitive), comparative or superlative degree of adjectives, adverbs ( more successful, most interesting, less strong).
5. Inseparable lexical units - ( neither fish nor meat, through the sleeves).

Types of subordination

Coordination

Consent is type of subordination, in which the form of the dependent word fully corresponds to the form of the main word. When agreed, the main word is expressed by a noun, the dependent - by an adjective, participle, pronoun, numeral, the gender, number and case of which is consistent with the gender, number and case of the main word:

• serious challenge: test (what?) Serious - case, gender, number match;
• serious trials: tests (what?) Serious - the case, the number of the dependent word changed after the change in the case and the number of the main word;
• for serious testing: for tests (what?) Serious - another change in the case ending.

No matter how much you change the main word, the dependent word will immediately take the form of a leader word. This type of subordination is called agreement.

Control

Management is a subordinating relationship, in which the main word requires that the dependent with it stand in a certain case:

• to hear (infinitive) a friend: to hear (whom?) a friend (Vin. p);
• I will hear (I) a friend (Vin. p);
• hear (you) a friend (Vin. p);
• hear (they) a friend (Win. p);
• would have heard a (conditional) friend (Win. p);
• hear the (imperative) friend (Vin. p).

The conjugation of the verb, the change in its moods does not affect the form of the dependent word in any way: with the verb "hear" the noun "friend" is used only in the accusative case.
The main word can be a noun, but the principle of connection is the same:
sand figures - for sand figures - about the figures of their sand.

adjoining

Adjacency is type of connection, when there is no grammatical connection between the main and dependent word, only semantic. A dependent word is an invariable part of speech - an adverb, a participle. Infinitive (indefinite form of the verb) and possessive pronouns ( him, her, them- answer the question whose?), are part of phrases, adjoining the main word.

Examples:

• jumped up: jumped (where?) up; dependent word - adverb;
• stands leaning on: stands (how?) leaning on his elbows; dependent word - gerund;
• hit harder: hit (how?) harder - the comparative degree of the adverb also does not change;
• lover to complain: amateur (what? what?) to complain - the infinitive is adjacent to the main noun;
• order from above: order (what? from where?) from above - unchangeable adverb;
• her request: request (whose?) her - possessive pronouns are adjacent to the main word.

Difficult cases

It is important to remember the existence of derivative prepositions (derived from independent parts speech - during, about, in view of), in order to correctly find the phrase and determine the type of subordination. Adverbs that are formed in the same way (forever, first, deep) can also be confusing:

1. Came out towards car: went out (where?) towards the car - control. The derivative preposition "towards" can be replaced by the usual preposition "K": went out to the car.
2. Decided to come to a meeting with journalists: to come (where?) to a meeting (management); to a meeting (what?) with journalists (management).
3. The sail has melted in the distance ocean: melted (where?) in the distance (noun with a preposition) - management, in the distance (what?) of the ocean - management. To make sure that the sentence has a noun with a preposition and not an adverb, you can change the type of subordination - in oceanic gave(consent).
4. away a cyclist appeared: appeared (where?) in the distance (adverb) - adjoining.
5. We will talk to you after: let's talk (when?) after (adverb) - adjoining.
6. let's talk after meetings: let's talk (when?) after the meeting (noun with a preposition) - management.

In a phrase, dependent words are associated with the main three ways: coordination, control, adjunction . The classification of methods of subordination is based on what part of speech the dependent word is expressed.

Coordination- this is a method of communication in which the dependent word is put in the same forms of gender, number and case as the main word. For example: shady garden (masculine, singular, nominative), after a long separation (feminine, singular, Genitive), fallen leaves (plural, Nominative case). When the form of the main word changes, the form of the dependent word also changes accordingly: shady garden, shady garden(Genitive), in a shady garden(prepositional).

When agreed, the dependent word can be expressed: by an adjective (difficult task), pronoun-adjective (our friend), communion (incoming wave), ordinal number (second entrance) quantitative numeral in indirect cases (with three friends).

Control- a method of communication in which the dependent word is placed with the main one in a certain indirect case with or without a preposition. For example: buy a magazine(the dependent noun is in the accusative case), talk to him(the dependent pronoun is in the instrumental case with the preposition "s"). In control with changing the form of the main word, the form of the dependent word does not change. Wed: buy a magazine, bought a magazine, bought a magazine, buy a magazine.

When controlled, the dependent word can be expressed: noun (break vase) pronoun-noun (tell him), cardinal number (divide by five) and other parts of speech used in the meaning of a noun (care for the sick).

adjoining- a method of communication in which a dependent invariable word (or form of a word) is associated with the main one only in meaning and intonation. For example: go limping, very happy.

When adjoining, the dependent word can be expressed: adverb (crying loudly) infinitive (ready to help), gerund (work non-stop) form comparative degree adjective or adverb (older boy, come closer) invariable possessive pronouns (her friend).

Types of communication - coordinating and subordinating.

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In Russian, there are two main types of communication between words and sentences - coordinating and subordinating.

writing connection is present in equal parts: in this case it is impossible to ask a question from one part to another. Such a connection between words in coordinating phrases (forest and mountains). In simple sentences, these are homogeneous members (“... We will dance the forest and mountains!” I. Krylov). A coordinating connection is also between parts of compound sentences (“... And we have notes, and we have instruments ...” I. Krylov). Promote writing communication coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, either, then - that, not that - not that, etc.

subordination combines the main part and the dependent part. From the main part, a question is asked to the dependent part. Such a connection can be found in subordinating phrases (let's sit down next to each other) and in complex sentences ("... we'll probably get along, under what condition? If we sit next to each other" I. Krylov). The subordinating relationship is carried out with the help of the endings of dependent words, specified with the help of prepositions and formalized by subordinating conjunctions: what, which, where, because, if, when, etc. complex sentence. In the phrase “everything to him”, the subordinating relationship is expressed by the ending -him, supported by the preposition to, from the main word to the dependent, the question is asked to whom? Main and subordinate clause connected by a subordinating union so that.

If in a phrase both words are unchangeable parts of speech, that is, they have no endings and prepositions are not used with them, then the connection between them is carried out with the help of intonation. In a non-union complex sentence, the connection between simple sentences is also carried out by the intonation of enumeration.

Types of subordination in a phrase and sentence

There is such a thing in linguistics as a subordinating relationship. In Russian, the subordinating connection occurs in phrases and sentences. This happens all the time in speech. But what is a subordinating phrase and a sentence?

First, let's look at what subordination means. It connects independent (significant) words and phrases through the fact that one part is main and the other is dependent. It is very easy to check this. From the main part, you can ask a question to the dependent. Such a connection is determined both by meaning and grammatically. For example, a beautiful flower, where from the word "flower" you can ask the question "what?" to the word "beautiful" and determine that the dependent here is an adjective.

Types of subordination in a phrase

Coordination

The gender, number and case form of the dependent part are fully consistent with the main part, that is, it is likened to it. From the main word, you can ask questions “what?” and "whose?" (These questions may vary depending on the form).

This is interesting: compound sentences, examples in the literature.

When agreeing, the noun is always the main one, and the dependents can be:

1. Adjectives: blue sea, clear image, bright light.
2. Ordinal numbers: first place, (on) the tenth floor, hundredth film.
3. Participles: a writing person, a running kitten, a bouncing ball.
4. Possessive pronouns (other than them, him, her): our hearts, my treasure.

Coordination also is complete and incomplete. In the first case, the dependent word in all forms is likened to the main one, and in the second case, only partially. But the incomplete form concerns rather only exceptions and vernacular. An example of incomplete (or partial) agreement is the case when a word denoting a profession (as we know, many such words are in the masculine form, but the person himself can be a woman) has an adjective next to it, but in a different gender (our doctor).

Control

When controlling, the dependent word changes under the influence of the main word only in case, one word “controls” another. A word combination with control can be: a verb + a noun, a gerund + a noun, a participle + a noun, two nouns or a cardinal number + a noun. It happens two types of control: with a preposition when there is a preposition, or without a preposition. When managing a dependent word, a question of an indirect case or an adverbial question (where, where, from where) is asked, since a word can answer two questions at the same time.

Examples: smoking a cigarette, living in a house, a cat toy, six players, dropping out of school, writing books.

adjoining

With this type of connection, one part "adjoins" the other. In other words, these phrases determined only by meaning, since both parts retain all their shapes. The main sign of adjacency is that the dependent word is an invariable part of speech (verb infinitive, gerund, adverb, pronouns his, her, them).

The main difference from management and coordination is precisely the “independence” of the parts and dependence on each other only in meaning. Adjacency is the connection of two nouns if they denote a name (Lake Baikal, the country of Russia, the Volga River). You can ask a circumstantial question (not to be confused with management!): what to do, what to do, what to do, what to do, and whose (him, her, them).

Examples: his jacket, planet Earth, live well, drive without stopping, grew up quickly.

Phrases that do not have a subordinating connection

word and service unit speech (near the house).

Compound words (more vivid).

Words joined by "and".

Phraseologisms.

Verb and subject.

Subordination in sentences

Sentences also have a subordinating relationship, but this only applies to non-compound sentences. A complex sentence differs from a compound one in that both parts cannot be broken. If they are used separately, then the sentence will lose its meaning, while the parts compound sentence quite possible use separately and on the letter to divide by a dot.

Separate the types of subordination in such sentences only if there are several subordinate clauses. For example: he told me that he would only go to the place where he was sent. Here we see one main clause and two dependent ones.

• sequential;
• parallel;
• homogeneous.

Sequential a sentence can be defined if a question goes from the main part to a subordinate clause, and from this clause to another clause. For example: I bought a jacket (which one?), which was sewn for me in an atelier (in which one?), which is far from my home.

At parallel in the form of subordination to all subordinate clauses, questions are asked from the main part, but from different words. Thus, a kind of "parallel" is obtained. In such cases, usually the main part is between the dependents. (Example: when the bell rang at school, I was talking to a new classmate who had recently moved into our class).

At homogeneous type dependent sentences refer to the same word in the main part. (For example: today I went for a walk in the park, which is usually very few people and where I forgot my jacket).

obrazovanie.guru

Types of subordination in phrases

With the help of 5-ege.ru you can easily learn how to determine the type of subordination.

subordination- this is a connection that unites sentences or words, one of which is the main (subordinate), and the other is dependent (subordinate).

phrase- this is a combination of two or more significant words related to each other in meaning and grammatically.

green eyes, writing letters, hard to convey.

In the phrase, the main (from which the question is asked) and the dependent (to which the question is asked) word is distinguished:

Blue ball. Rest outside the city. The ball and rest are the main words.

Trap!

The following are not subordinating phrases:

1. The combination of an independent word with a service: near the house, before a thunderstorm, let him sing;

2. Combinations of words as part of phraseological units: beat buckets, fool around, headlong;

3. Subject and predicate: the night has come;

4. Compound word forms : lighter, will walk;

5. Groups of words united by a coordinating link: Fathers and Sons.

Video about types of subordination

If you like the video format, you can watch it.

There are three types of subordination:



seashore, young people reading, first snow, my home

Questions may vary by case!

Remember! The prepositional case form of a noun can be a circumstance, therefore questions of circumstance are asked for these forms (see below)

listen carefully, go without looking back, soft-boiled egg

4. possessive pronouns (his, her, them)

2. What are you doing? having done what?

3. how? where? where? where? when? why? why?

Distinguish!

Her coat is adjoining (whose), to see her is control (whom).

In the categories of pronouns, two homonymous (the same in sound and spelling, but different in meaning) categories are distinguished. The questions of indirect cases are answered by the personal pronoun, and it participates in the subordinating connection - control, and the possessive answers the question whose? and is immutable, it participates in adjacency.

Go to the garden - management, go there - adjoining.

Distinguish between the prepositional case form and the adverb. They may have the same questions! If there is a preposition between the main word and the dependent, then you have control.

Algorithm of actions No. 1.

1) Identify the main word by asking a question from one word to another.

2) Determine the part of speech of the dependent word.

3) Pay attention to the question you ask to the dependent word.

4) According to the identified signs, determine the type of connection.

Parsing the task.

What type of connection is used in the phrase CAPTURE MECHANICALLY.

We define the main word and ask a question from it: catch (how?) mechanically; catch - main word, mechanically - dependent. Determine the part of speech of the dependent word: mechanically- is an adverb. If the dependent word answers the question as? and is an adverb, then the phrase uses the connection abutment.

Algorithm of actions No. 2.

1. In the text, it is easier for you to find the dependent word first.

2. If you need agreement, look for the word that answers the question which? whose?

3. If you need control, look for a non-nominative noun or pronoun.

4. If you need to find an adjunction, look for an invariable word (infinitive, gerund, adverb or possessive pronoun).

5. Determine from which word you can ask a question to the dependent word.

From the sentences, write out a subordinating phrase with the connection CONNECTION.

I was in third grade when I had a bad cold. I have otitis media. I screamed in pain and pounded my head with my hands. Mom called an ambulance, and we went to the district hospital.

When adjoining, the dependent word is an infinitive, adverb or gerund. Let's try to find these parts of speech: strong (how?) adverb. We find the main word for it, from which a question is asked to the adverb: caught a cold.

In this way, write out the phrase got a bad cold.

Home » Preparation for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language » Types of subordination in phrases

Ways of subordination

The methods of subordination are as follows: coordination, control, adjacency

Coordination as a way of subordination

• Coordination- this is a type of subordination when the dependent word takes on the grammatical forms of the main word, for example: a beautiful picture.

main word when agreed, there are a noun, a substantiated adjective or participle (that is, it has passed into the category of nouns), as well as a pronoun, a noun, for example: high spirits, student canteen.

dependent word can be an adjective, pronoun-adjective, ordinal number or participle, i.e. such categories of words in which the categories of gender, number and case are not independent, for example: the right decision, our meeting.

Management as a way of subordination

• Control- a type of subordinating connection, when the dependent word is used in that indirect case that requires the main word, for example: write a book, click teeth, advise a friend (to whom? dative case);

main word when driving, it can act as a verb (to enjoy meeting), a noun (love for people), an adjective (worthy of regret), an adverb (not far from the city), ordinal number (first in class).

When driving dependent word nouns, noun pronouns, substantiated adjectives (cover with snow, conversation with workers) always appear.

Adjacency as a way of subordination

• adjoining- this is a kind of syntactic connection when an unchangeable dependent word is attached to the main one in meaning. For example: Very nice (how nice?).

Adjoining invariable words: infinitive, adverb, form of a simple comparative degree, gerund, some invariable adjectives (order to advance, door to the left, a little south).

Infinitive adjoins the verb (try to answer, came to visit), noun (desire to make peace), adjective (intends to rest)

Comparative forms adjoin the verb (answer better, run faster), to the noun (the news is more interesting, the drink is stronger)

Participles adjoin the verb in cases where the meaning of the adverb develops in them (read lying, sleep sitting).

Invariable adjectives such as beige, mini, maxi, Hindi, midi, flared, etc. adjoin nouns (Hindi language, peak hours).

Distinguish between connection and control

• Her shoes- this is an adjunction (whose?),
• To see him- management (of whom?).

In the ranks of pronouns there are two homonymous ranks. The personal pronoun answers the questions of indirect cases, and it participates in the subordinating connection - this is control, and the possessive participates in the adjunction.

• run to the store- management,
• go here- junction.

It is important to distinguish between the prepositional case form and the adverb, because there may be the same questions! If there is a preposition between the main and dependent word, then this is management.

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subordination

Subordination, or subordination- the relation of syntactic inequality between words in a phrase and a sentence, as well as between predicative parts complex sentence.

In such a connection, one of the components (words or sentences) acts as main, the other - as dependent.

The linguistic concept of "subordination" is preceded by a more ancient concept - "hypotaxis".

Features of the subordination

To distinguish between coordinating and subordinating connections, A. M. Peshkovsky proposed a criterion of reversibility. Submission is characterized irreversible relations between parts of the connection: one part cannot be put in place of another without prejudice to the overall content. However, this criterion is not considered decisive.

The essential difference between the subordination relationship (according to S. O. Kartsevsky) is that it functionally close to the dialogic unity of the informative (question-answer) type, firstly, and predominantly has pronominal character of means of expression, Secondly .

Subordination in a phrase and a simple sentence

Types of subordination in a phrase and sentence:

• agreement
• contiguity

Subordination in a complex sentence

The subordinating relationship between simple sentences in a complex sentence is made using subordinating unions or allied (relative) words. A complex sentence with such a connection is called a complex sentence. The independent part is called main part, and dependent - adnexal.

Types of subordinating connection in a complex sentence:

• allied subordination
  - subordination of sentences with the help of unions.
  I don't want the world to know my mysterious tale(Lermontov).
• relative subordination
  - subordination of sentences with the help of allied (relative) words.
  The moment has come when I realized the full value of these words(Goncharov).
• indirect interrogative submission(interrogative-relative, relatively-interrogative)
  - subordination with the help of interrogative-relative pronouns and adverbs that connect the subordinate part with the main one, in which the member of the sentence explained by the subordinate part is expressed by a verb or a noun with the meaning of utterance, perception, mental activity, feeling, internal state.
  At first I couldn't figure out what exactly emo was.(Korolenko).
• serial submission (switching on)
  - subordination, in which the first subordinate part refers to the main part, the second subordinate - to the first subordinate, the third subordinate - to, the second subordinate, etc.
  I hope this book makes it clear enough that I didn't hesitate to write the truth when I wanted to.(Bitter).
• mutual subordination
  - mutual dependence of the predicative parts of a complex sentence, in which the main and subordinate clauses are not distinguished; relations between parts are expressed by lexical-syntactic means.
  Before Chichikov had time to look around, he was already grabbed by the arm of the governor.(Gogol).
• parallel subordination (subordination)

Notes

See what "Subordinate relationship" is in other dictionaries:

The connection between two syntactically unequal words in a phrase and a sentence, one of them acts as the main one, the other as a dependent one. New textbook, the implementation of the plan, answer correctly. see coordination, control, adjoining; AT… …

A connection that serves to express the relationship between the elements of a phrase and a sentence. Subordinating connection, see submission. Coordinating communication, see essay ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

A connection of words that serves to express the interdependence of the elements of a phrase and a sentence. Subordinating relationship. Writing communication… Dictionary of linguistic terms

A connection that occurs between the components of a complex sentence. Contents 1 Description 2 Types of syntactic relationship 3 Notes ... Wikipedia

Subordinating relationship, a formally expressed dependence of one syntactic element (word, sentence) on another. Syntactic units of 2 types of phrases and complex sentences are formed on the basis of P.. Word (in ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

This article or section describes some linguistic phenomenon in relation to the Russian language only. You can help Wikipedia by adding information about this phenomenon in other languages ​​and typological coverage ... Wikipedia

Subordination, or subordinating connection, is the relation of syntactic inequality between words in a phrase and a sentence, as well as between the predicative parts of a complex sentence. In such a connection, one of the components (words or sentences) ... ... Wikipedia

- (SPP) is a type of complex sentence, which is characterized by division into two main parts: main and subordinate. The subordinating relationship in such a sentence is determined by the dependence of one part on the other, that is, the main part suggests ... ... Wikipedia audiobook

A phrase and a sentence are syntactic constructions that make up a coherent system of any language. The structural and functional features of phrases and sentences are studied by syntax - one of the sections of grammar.

What is a phrase and a sentence? A phrase is two or more meaningful words, held together by a subordinating bond. The sentence, on the other hand, is a complex main function of which is communicative, therefore, it is framed intonation and has certain forms of mood and time. Separate words in a sentence have a certain semantic relationship with each other, due to which, in fact, their communicative and semantic function is formed. Such links are called syntactic. They, in turn, are divided into coordinating and subordinating. In sentences, both are found in the phrase - only one is subordinating (as indicated above).

Subordinating relationship in phrases

The very name “subordinating” clearly traces the essence of this grammatical connection, where two words always occupy different positions: one acts as the main one, and the other as a dependent, subordinate to it, and its grammatical features(number, case and gender) fully or partially correspond and are determined by the main word. Depending on the degree of subordination secondary word to the main there are different types of subordination.

Coordination

Dependent words in this type of syntactic connection fully correspond and are determined by a significant, main word. For example: stone flower, Big city(famous pad., m. R., singular), golden cities (pl., eminent pad.), many beautiful people (parental pad., pl.). Moreover, if the main word changes its grammatical form, it changes, respectively, in the subordinate. For example, autumn leaf (named item), autumn leaf (parent item), autumn leaf(creates p.), etc.

Various parts of speech can act as a dependent component when agreeing in phrases - adjectives (beautiful dress), participles (bouncing ball), (second class), (with two rooms). At the same time, it is very important to note that such types of subordination as agreement are impossible with verbs, adverbs, gerunds, i.e. parts of speech that have no gender, number, or case. A noun also, when agreed, always acts only as a defining, main word and in no case can it be dependent, because it does not change by gender.

In a phrase, the agreement between its components can be complete, matching in all grammatical features, or partial, when the match occurs in one or two features. For example: red heat (full agreement), our postman (partial).

The following types of subordinating connection in a phrase are built according to other grammatical principles.

Control

In management, the subordinate word is placed in the indirect case with or without a preposition, which is determined by the semantic meaning of the main component of the phrase. For example: run around the room (the dependent word “around the room” is in the prepositional case), watch a movie (the dependent word “film” is in the accusative case), met with interesting people(active case with a preposition). It should be noted that, in contrast to coordination in management, when the form of the main word changes, the dependent word does not change. For example: sing a song - singing a song - sang a song - sing a song.

In management, verbs, nouns or adverbs can act as main words. Such types of subordination are called verbal, adverbial or adverbial control. For example: read poetry, a bowl of soup, alone with everyone. Control can be prepositional (with the participation of a preposition) or non-prepositional, as well as strong, when the lexical and grammatical form of the main word necessarily implies a dependent component next to it (for example: devotion to friends, a sent letter), or weak, when such a dependence is not traced (for example : a letter in an envelope, a vase on the table).

adjoining

Types of subordination in words, in which the dependent word is determined by the main one only by semantic meaning, is called adjacency. Here, the subordinate word can be an adverb (reads quickly), a gerund (to do carelessly), a comparative adjective or an adverb (fur fluffier, throw further), possessive pronouns (her room).

How to determine the types of subordination

To correctly establish the type of connection, first you need to determine the main and subordinate words and the part of speech of this dependent component. participate in the connection. If, when changing the main word, the subordinate changes its grammatical features, then this is agreement. Finally, you need to ask a question from the main to the dependent word, and if this question refers to any indirect case, then this is control.

Communication in the offer- this is a way to give the sentence meaningfulness, completeness of thought, as well as logical, lexical and syntactic usefulness. There are two types of communication in a sentence - coordinating and subordinating.

writing connection in a sentence is a combination of elements that are independent of each other in a sentence: homogeneous members in a simple or simple sentences as part of a compound.

subordination in a sentence, it is a combination of elements that depend on each other: words in a phrase, sentence, or simple sentences as part of a complex one.

How to determine the type of relationship in a sentence?

First of all, we must discard grammatical basis, since the subject is always associated with the predicate, it is also worth excluding introductory words.

Example. I wanted to go outside, but the door was locked.

Compound sentence with two independent parts, compound sentence. Based on this, this proposal uses composing form of communication.

I wanted to go outside because the air in the room was very stale.

A complex sentence that has subordination- one sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the other. The proposal is complex.

Types of subordination.

Exists three types of subordination:

Coordination- this is a type of connection when the dependent and the main word (a noun or another part of speech in the role of a noun) are likened to each other in gender, number and case. Most simple examples agreements - in phrases: vile rain, cheerful me, invisible someone, a random passer-by, a booming “th”.

As dependent words when agreed, any changeable parts of speech can appear: adjectives, pronouns (possessive, definitive, demonstrative, negative, indefinite) and ordinal numbers.

No money, funny storyteller, your sister, the first person you meet.

Control- the type of communication in which main word requires a special case form of the dependent word. Case form at the same time, it is due to certain morphological norms in the Russian language. The main sign of the presence of control in a phrase or sentence is the use of a preposition, although there is also a non-prepositional form of control. In the presence of control, the dependent word will always answer questions of indirect cases.

Look at the moon, admire the moon, sign for receipt, sign documents, forget about problems, forget the formula.