Shipborne ranks in the navy are used in the Russian Navy and are assigned to sailors as far as they are able to take responsibility for the command of one or another military unit. They are also assigned to the military of the coast guard of the border troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, underwater and surface units of the Navy and naval units of the troops.
Almost all naval ranks are different from the missile and ground forces, the airborne forces and the armed forces. From 1884 to 1991, they changed due to a number of events:
- decay Russian Empire in 1917;
- the creation of the Soviet Union and its subsequent collapse 1922-1991;
- creation Russian Federation in 1991
Modern ranks in the navy divided into 4 categories:
1. Conscripts for urgent and contract service. This includes: a sailor, a senior sailor, a foreman of the second article, a foreman of the first article and a chief ship foreman. The senior midshipman and the senior midshipman are also included in the senior staff.
2. Junior officers of the fleet. These are: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant and lieutenant commander.
3. Senior officers of the Navy. Ranks are divided: captains of the third, second and first rank.
4. The highest officers. Consists of: Rear Admiral, Vice Admiral, Admiral and Admiral of the Fleet.
Detailed description of ship ranks in ascending order
Sailor- junior rank in the navy, which corresponds to the land private. These are conscripts.
Senior sailor- a parallel to the army rank of corporal, which is assigned to a sailor for observing discipline and exemplary performance of duties. May be an assistant to the foreman and replace the foreman of the second article.
Senior staff
Sergeant major of the second article- junior rank in the senior staff, which was introduced on November 2, 1940. It is located in rank above the senior sailor and below the foreman of the first article. May be a squad leader.
Petty officer of the first article- a sailor of the fleet, who is located in rank above the foreman of the second article, but below the chief foreman. The second, as it grows in the list of senior officers, was introduced on November 2, 1940. This is the squad leader, who showed excellent results in the performance of military and organizational duties.
Chief ship sergeant major- military rank in the Navy of the Russian Federation and coast guard. He occupies a place between the foreman of the first article and the midshipman of the fleet. The naval rank of chief ship foreman corresponds to the army senior sergeant. Can replace the platoon leader.
Midshipman- a word of English origin, which is assigned to a sailor after passing the relevant training programs and courses. On land, this is an ensign. Performs organizational and combat duties as a platoon commander or company foreman.
Senior midshipman- a military rank in the Navy of the Russian Federation, which is higher in rank than midshipman, but lower than junior lieutenant. Similarly, a senior warrant officer in other branches of the military.
junior officers
Rank junior lieutenant comes from French and translates as "deputy". He occupies the first step in the junior officers, both in the ground and naval forces. May be a post or platoon leader.
Lieutenant- the second among ranks in the navy, in rank above junior lieutenant and below senior lieutenant. Assigned upon expiration of service with the rank of junior lieutenant.
Senior Lieutenant- Naval rank junior officers in Russia, which is higher in rank than lieutenant, and lower than lieutenant commander. With excellent performance in the service, he can be an assistant to the captain of the ship.
Lieutenant Commander – highest rank junior officers, which in the Russian Federation and Germany corresponds to the captain of the army of the ground forces. A sailor with this rank is considered the deputy captain of the ship and the commander of a company of hundreds of subordinates.
Senior officers
Captain 3rd rank- Corresponds to an army major. The abbreviated name of the shoulder strap is "captri". Among the duties is command of a ship of the corresponding rank. These are small military vessels: landing, anti-submarine, torpedo and minesweepers.
Captain of the second rank, or "kapdva" - the rank of a sailor in naval forces, which, according to land ranks, corresponds to a lieutenant colonel. This is the commander of a ship of the same rank: large landing, missile and destroyers.
Captain of the first rank, or "kapraz", "kapturang" - a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than a captain of the second rank and lower than a rear admiral. May 7, 1940 exists among ranks in the navy, decided by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. "Kapturang" commands ships with complex control and huge military power: aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and cruisers.
Senior officer corps
rear admiral can command a squadron of ships and replace the commander of a flotilla. Adopted since 1940 and since that time corresponds to the major general of the ground forces and aviation.
Vice Admiral- the rank of sailors in Russia, which allows you to replace the admiral. Corresponds to the lieutenant general of the ground forces. Manages fleet operations.
Admiral from the Dutch language it is translated as "lord of the sea", therefore it is in the highest officer corps. Army employees correspond to the rank of colonel-general. Operates an active fleet.
Fleet Admiral- the highest active rank, as well as in other types of troops, army general. Manages the fleet and is assigned to active admirals with excellent combat, organizational and strategic performance.
What types of troops are assigned naval ranks?
The Navy of the Russian Federation (Russian Navy) also includes the following units:
- marines;
- coast guard;
- naval aviation.
The Marine Corps is a unit that carries out the defense of military installations, sections of the coast and other sea lines. As part of the "marines" there are sabotage and reconnaissance groups. Motto marines: "Where we are, there is victory."
The Coast Guard is a branch of the military that defends the bases of the Russian fleets and special objects of the coastal zone. They have at their disposal anti-aircraft, torpedo, mine weapons, as well as missile systems and other artillery.
Naval aviation - troops whose duties include the detection and destruction of the enemy, the defense of ships and other elements from enemy forces, the destruction of enemy aircraft, helicopters and other air structures. The aviation of the Russian Federation also carries out air transportation and rescue operations on the high seas.
How and for what is the next rank awarded to sailors?
The assignment of the next title is described in the current laws of the Russian Federation:
- for a senior sailor, it is necessary to serve 5 months;
- receiving a foreman of the 2nd article can be expected after a year of service;
- three years for senior sergeant and chief ship foreman;
- three years to receive a midshipman;
- 2 years for junior lieutenant;
- 3 to receive a lieutenant and a senior lieutenant;
- 4 years to get a lieutenant commander and a captain of the 3rd rank.
- 5 years to captain 2nd and 1st rank;
- for senior officers for at least a year at the same rank.
It is also worth knowing that military ranks in the navy can be assigned if the due date has not yet passed, but the military man has shown his organizational, tactical and strategic abilities. The sailor who does not want to become an admiral is bad, all the more so, it is possible. There are numerous examples of dedicated sailors with big thinking who became admirals.
Servicemen in the Navy (Navy) of a number of countries.
The military qualifications and official position of the persons who were granted this title have changed several times. At first, the rank was assigned to the sailors of the sailing fleet who performed the corresponding position - midshipmen served on large sailboats approximately in the middle of the deck (hence the name of the position) and ensured the exact execution of the orders of the captain or watch officer by the team, to whom the set sails often limited the view of the middle and bow of the deck. To develop practice, candidates for the provision of an officer rank (midshipmen) were often appointed to this position.
AT Russian fleet first introduced in the year as a non-commissioned officer rank. Since in (excluding 1751-1758, when midshipmen belonged to non-commissioned officers), midshipman - the first officer rank - answered the rank of lieutenant in the army. The rank of midshipman was granted to midshipmen who successfully passed the theoretical and practical exams. Midshipmen were appointed to the positions of commanders of artillery turrets of ships, commanders of anti-mine artillery plutongs, navigators of small warships, etc.
AT Soviet time the military rank of midshipman was first introduced by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of November 30, as the highest rank for foremen of the Navy, naval units of the border and internal troops. This decision was in effect for one year. In connection with the introduction from January 1, 1972 in the Armed Forces of the USSR of the institute of ensigns and midshipmen (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 18), military personnel with the rank of midshipman began to be represented as a separate category personnel Navy and naval units of the border troops. In terms of their official position, duties and rights, they, like warrant officers, who have a status close to junior officers, are their closest assistants and superiors for sailors (soldiers) and foremen (sergeants) of the same ship (unit).
The rank of midshipman is usually granted after graduating from the relevant schools (courses). The military rank of midshipman also exists in the Navy (Navy) of other states. However, it should be borne in mind that the English-language "Ensign", which is usually translated into Ukrainian as "midshipman", is responsible for the rank of lieutenant of the Ukrainian Navy (there is no analogue to junior lieutenant in most countries), and the Ukrainian "midshipman" corresponds in rank to the rank of warrant - officer (English) Warrant officer) AT English speaking countries.
As for the title "Midshipman", from which the word "midshipman" is derived, in English-speaking countries it has fallen into disuse in the regular fleet. In the UK, this title is awarded to cadets of the senior year of the Naval College, in the USA - to cadets naval school(naval academy).
Literature
- Soviet military encyclopedia LINE-OBJECT / / = (Soviet military encyclopedia) / Marshal Soviet Union N. V. Ogarkov - chairman. - M.: Military Publishing, 1978. - T. 5. - S. 332. - ISBN 00101-134(Rus.)
Hello from Frolovich
My phone call to the deputy commander of the Admiral Levchenko BOD on educational work captain of the 2nd rank Alexander Rudenko found the ship on the North Sea roadstead. In five hours, the ship was to leave the Kola Bay and head for the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
Having exchanged a couple of phrases with me, Alexander Viktorovich suddenly said:
And you, by the way, greetings from Komissarchuk!
From Frolovich? - this came as a complete surprise, since I knew that back in February, the senior midshipman Komissarchuk was awarded an apartment in the Moscow region. So he hasn't quit yet?
He is standing next to me,” Rudenko said, passing the phone to Komissarchuk.
Vladimir Frolovich, what about the apartment?
Documents for Kupavna near Moscow were stuck somewhere in the "top" on approval, - an old acquaintance answered with sadness in his voice. “And here I am again leaving for another trip ...
Senior Warrant Officer Vladimir Komissarchuk, foreman of the BCH-5 engine group BPC Admiral Levchenko: in his eyes - experience, in his hands - the course of the ship, on his shoulders - midshipman's shoulder straps
More than once on the large anti-submarine ship (BPK) "Admiral Levchenko" I heard about a legendary man - senior midshipman Vladimir Komissarchuk: with his own hands he does amazing things. The ship on which he appears, figuratively speaking, is doomed to success. Once, Vladimir Frolovich in the base on one of the BODs of his native compound carried out repairs that required at least factory intervention and ... a six-figure amount of capital investment.
There is no such malfunction, - testify in the electromechanical warhead of the Admiral Levchenko, - that would put Komissarchuk to a standstill ...
Senior midshipman Vladimir Komissarchuk, foreman of the engine group, more than thirty years in the division of anti-submarine ships of the Northern Fleet. Since 1975! He started at the SKR project 159, then - the SKR project 1135. He passed almost all the ships of the formation. Ten military services and eight visits to foreign ports, not counting the "small" outings to the sea - this is for a month or two. And specifically on the "Admiral Levchenko" - from the beginning of the nineties. Ship veteran, in authority! It is not for nothing that on the door of the cabin of the commander of the BC-5, on a plate with the names of those living in it under the captain of the 2nd rank Kutashev, it appears: “Senior midshipman Komissarchuk V.F.”.
Many years ago, Vladimir Frolovich graduated from the Nikolaev Shipbuilding Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering for the repair and operation of gas turbine power plants. And after all, he could easily - with his golden hands and downright mechanical gift - make himself a more respectable career than choose the path of a naval midshipman.
No, - said the "grandfather", - somehow I like it more: knowing weak spots ship, eliminate them. Even at the moment, one thing will fly, then another. Technology gets old and wears out. Therefore, we invent something, improve it, make some innovations in ship technology, showing engineering thought, and strive to extend its service life.
In the electromechanical warhead of the Admiral Levchenko, Vladimir Frolovich is the oldest, which is why everyone respectfully calls him “grandfather”. The rest, as he himself says, "my children, I taught everyone." Even the head of the electromechanical service of the compound, Captain 1st Rank Yuri Sokol, a student of Frolovich, started next to him as a lieutenant. In a word, there are many in the division who learned from Komissarchuk the science of working with hardware. Some went up: they teach at naval engineering institutes, they themselves have already become heads of the "iron" - electromechanical - departments. Frolovich calls their names with special warmth - Lapshin Sasha, Mikhailov Volodya ...
"Admiral Levchenko" on a long voyage
Upon arrival on the ship, mechanical lieutenants are immediately sent for an interview with Komissarchuk. How does the "grandfather" meet the young lieutenant? How do you start a conversation with him?
Yes, from the main point - what is a gas turbine engine? - without a hint of any irony said the senior midshipman. - To find out if he has any idea about the subject of the upcoming service?
If he doesn’t answer, then it’s useless to work with him: he spent five years at the Naval Engineering Institute, “smoked a primer”, received a diploma beyond his merit and joined the fleet “without a king” and a little mechanical knowledge in his head. And they can't be convinced anymore.
And Vladimir Frolovich determines by the eyes that the officer will be good: if they shine, it means that the guy has chosen a business to his liking and everything will work out with him with time and experience. For example, when the current commander of the BCH-5 BPC Severomorsk movement division, Senior Lieutenant Alexei Ryzhenin, came as a group commander in the Admiral Levchenko BCH-5, it was immediately clear that the guy served with desire, strives for "mechanical" knowledge: he was not shy to ask questions, directly bombarded Frolovich with them. The crew then joked that Aleksey followed Komissarchuk like a thread for a needle.
After three decades of naval service, Vladimir Frolovich does not regret that this was the fate. Yes, higher education! But this is after military service and the school of technicians. When he became a midshipman, he entered the institute. He studied in absentia, in the intervals between military services he sent test papers to the university. However, then it was impossible to get an officer's rank, since there was no military department at their institute. When the theoretical opportunity to become an officer appeared, age no longer allowed.
No, senior midshipman Vladimir Komissarchuk does not regret a fate similar to the fate of many of his peers, even because after so many years of service, a certificate for housing has been waiting for a long time. They finally rewarded me with an apartment, so the documents for it got stuck somewhere in the authorities. Therefore, on December 5, Frolovich set off on his next long-distance campaign. It is not customary for sailors to call him the last.
"Golden Fund" of the fleet
The transformations taking place in the Armed Forces have affected the institution of midshipmen and warrant officers, which appeared in Soviet army and the Navy in 1972. With regard to the Navy, only "economic" posts that are not included in the states of forces and units of constant readiness will be reduced. The rest of the midshipmen of the sailing staff, ensigns of the Marine Corps and their equals will continue to serve in their ranks and in their positions until the completion of contracts or transfer to the reserve upon reaching the age limit for military service. This will preserve the combat capability of the fleet for the "transitional period".
First Assistant Officers
Forced abolition of midshipmen positions in the diesel submarine formation Pacific Fleet, according to his chief of staff, captain 2nd rank Andrey Dergousov, not in the best way would have affected the operation of military equipment and discipline in the crews of ships. By the way, in professional development Andrei Nikolaevich as a submarine officer, specialist and commander, this category of military personnel played a significant role. For example, the future chief of staff mastered the skill of torpedo attacks under the guidance of Senior Warrant Officer Valery Solomin. Even at the time of cadet practice in 1993, at demonstrative torpedo firing, an experienced foreman of the torpedo team felt like a fish in water, from beginning to end, unmistakably carrying out all the necessary actions for the commander of a mine-torpedo warhead. And later, the foreman of the hold team, midshipman Mikhail Shakhmatov, set an example of a pedantic attitude to the entrusted material part - on the ship where the newly minted lieutenant Dergousov was assigned, no one knew better than midshipman drainage and drainage systems. The experience and knowledge gained from them was useful to the officer when, after leaving the nuclear-powered ships, he continued to serve on diesel submarines.
In the post of energy and survivability (PEZH) of the BPC "Marshal Shaposhnikov" (from left to right), foreman of the BC-5 machinist team, midshipman Nikolai PONOMAREV and foreman of the BC-5 gas turbine drivers, midshipman Andrey AGAREV
- A midshipman can replace a sailor or a contract soldier, but not every contract soldier is able to become a midshipman today, - says Captain 2nd Rank Andrey Dergousov.
In the submarine, midshipmen are the first assistants and deputy officers both in the operation of machines and mechanisms, and in the management of the warhead. And since in their position they are closer to the personnel, they simultaneously act as caring mentors for sailors and foremen. In addition, the very specificity of the service in the submarine requires constant participation and exertion of forces. In terms of its psychology, the current contract soldier is more comparable to a hired worker who, having worked out his due, wants to leave the hot shop as soon as possible. But even with the literal observance of all the conditions - the presence of authority among the commanders, love for the ship and military service, outstanding knowledge of technology and the ability to lead subordinates - earlier than seven years later, direct training on the ship of a good midshipman from a contract sailor will not work.
For example, the crew of Captain 2nd Rank Yuri Konkin not so long ago received instructions about the upcoming long-distance voyage. Despite the urgency and complexity of the task, the submariners calmly, without hassle, carried out the training cycle and left the base in a timely manner. And the fact that the boat successfully solves the tasks of combat service today is a considerable merit of the foreman of the torpedo team, senior warrant officer Alexei Dmitriev, the foreman of the hold team, senior warrant officer Yuri Kindeev, the radiotelegraph technician, midshipman Yevgeny Shevel, and the foreman of the team of electricians, midshipman Alexei Isypov - high-class, infinitely devoted to their the case of specialists.
Irreplaceable people, as you know, do not exist, - summed up the captain of the 2nd rank Dergousov. “However, in order for contractors to be able to prepare the boat and go to sea on it as midshipmen exactly at the same time and with the required quality, a qualitatively new level of their training is required.
In the Caspian Sea, they are judged not by shoulder straps, but by deeds
- It is still difficult to judge what the upcoming changes will look like in the context of the abolition of the institute of midshipmen: our business is to fulfill the order accurately and on time, - Chief of Staff of the Water Area Protection Brigade (OVR) of the Caspian Flotilla, Captain 2nd Rank Oleg Malkin did not bypass sharp corners. - It is clear that the officers will have to reorganize psychologically. After all, an officer remembers the order of teachers from the school: upon arrival on the ship, it is necessary to learn the specialty and service from midshipmen. They are the "golden fund"! On their experience, knowledge and ability to work with sailors, the entire ship organization in many respects has been and is still holding on.The general mood of the midshipmen in the OVR is generally calm: from the replacement of two silver stars with the “bad” of the chief ship foreman on shoulder straps, little will change materially. But in the moral...
Foreman of the team of gunners BC-2 senior midshipman Nikolai TIMERGALIEV
The Water Area Protection Brigade is unique in many ways. Of all the commanders, for example, in the guards division of artillery boats, only the commander of the Astrakhan MAK is an officer. The rest are midshipmen. A similar picture is in the minesweeper division.
As a result, midshipmen command eight artillery boats and river minesweepers in the OVR brigade, although the staff provides for officers: the regular category of the owner of the navigation bridge is a senior lieutenant. However, as soon as a graduate of a higher education institution comes to a position, it is time for him to go on promotion in a year or two. And the ship organization only suffers from frequent command movements. Therefore, several years ago, the command of the flotilla decided to use the right to replace some of the junior officer positions with the most trained midshipmen. The experience turned out to be successful both in terms of increasing combat readiness and strengthening military discipline. The commanders of the boats and minesweepers of the guard, senior warrant officers Andrey Yemerov, Vyacheslav Chizhevsky, Grigory Fomin and Sergey Zavorotynsky, senior warrant officers Vasily Meshkov and Evgeny Ivanov proved themselves worthy.
It is difficult to judge what will happen next - the assistant commander of the AK-044 midshipman Oleg Tolkachev has already changed his mind a lot about his further service. “However, due to the fact that I will become, as expected, the ship's chief foreman, I will not leave the fleet. And as for prestige, I will say one thing: we in the brigade are judged not by shoulder straps, but by deeds.
The commander of the river minesweeper, Senior Warrant Officer Vasily Meshkov, on the navigation bridge is also not an accidental person. He served in Kamchatka, in his current position for more than five years:
You have to be in command under any circumstances. But in fact, the senior boatswain and I will be in equal ranks - the chief ship's foremen.
Now if the positions of technicians, foremen of companies and teams, instructors, chiefs classrooms you can still replace the chief ship foremen, then with the commanders of boats, who by status are ships of the 4th rank, the situation is more complicated. There are many of them in the Caspian flotilla. In addition to eight boats and minesweepers, the OVR brigade also has "midshipman" landing craft of the "Serna" type. Diving and fire boats are also commanded by midshipmen. On such "ones" the abolished categories include assistant commanders and commanders of electromechanical combat units.
Socotra, The Wave, and Navy Veterans
- It is possible that today the fleet is simply not ready to suddenly abandon midshipmen who serve on warships, - says the commander of the large anti-submarine ship "Marshal Shaposhnikov" of the Pacific Fleet, Captain 2nd Rank Andrei Kuznetsov. – And there is only one reason: there is no one to replace them.After all, in order to prepare a good specialist for service on warship, it takes years. And most midshipmen tied their fate with the fleet, like officers, for life. Moreover, if an officer often changes his place of service in the course of his service career, then this category of military sailors, as a rule, is firmly tied to one ship. I can name many midshipmen who have served in the crew of the Marshal Shaposhnikov for more than a dozen years, starting with the urgent. Among them, for example, are the foremen of the teams of gas turbine drivers and the communications combat unit, midshipmen Andrey Agarev and Sergey Novikov.
And the foreman of the team of artillery radiometers, senior midshipman Nikolai Karpa, who will retire in a year (he is already over 40), taught me when he was a lieutenant, and now generously shares his experience with young people, including contract sailors.
Midshipmen are people who can not only maintain equipment and weapons, but also repair it without waiting for factory specialists. The same midshipman Agarev how many times rescued the crew at sea if something went wrong! Moreover, in their hands any, even out-of-date equipment, can function normally, which is important in the face of a shortage of financial resources for repairs or the purchase of a new one. I remember, in combat service in 2003 in Indian Ocean when we stood at the island of Socotra, met with patrol ship"Sharp-witted" of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, in the crew of which several midshipmen served, to put it mildly, advanced in age. So, these veterans prepared the old Volna anti-aircraft missile system for the training battle in such a way that they shot back perfectly.
Of course, now the composition of the ship is changing qualitatively, to replace the sailors serving on conscription, we are recruiting contract soldiers, which implies a gradual transition of the entire crew to professional basis. But these young people are not yet ready to tie their fate with the Navy in such a knot, as our midshipmen did. In general, contractors vocational training are not ready to replace the same foremen of the teams in the near future. Again, this will take years and years.
Find an equivalent replacement?
We recently met with the commanders of the three leading brigades of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation: protection of the water area, missile boats and rescue vessels, talked with the command of the naval helicopter regiment, and representatives of personnel bodies. There is only one opinion: in the light of the planned changes, it will be very difficult to ensure the recruitment of crews with classy, trained specialists. The fact is that the maintenance of naval weapons and military equipment requires not only deep special knowledge, but also practical experience that comes with the years. And the midshipmen, who have served on ships for a decade and a half to two decades (and some more) have mastered the technique to perfection and are fully on board with it. Bearers of practical experience, they are true professionals, a reliable support for the commanders of ships, regiments, squadrons, battalions and companies. If necessary, they replace officers. Moreover, young officers themselves often turn to experienced midshipmen for specific help.We recently visited two warships whose crews distinguished themselves during the operation to force Georgia to peace. These are the Suzdalets MPK of Captain 3rd Rank Vadim Dzhanunts and the missile boat of Captain 3rd Rank Igor Vorobyov.
According to the state, the commander of the landing boat of the "Serna" type is midshipman
commanders, awarded with orders, warmly and respectfully responded to the midshipmen, stressed their important role in solving the tasks assigned to the crews. Dzhanunts, for example, noted the masters of military affairs, the foreman of the BCH-5 MPK turbo-engine team, midshipman Alexander Kukuruza, the foreman of the BCH-2 anti-aircraft missile system, senior midshipman Alexander Mikhnevich (by the way, the most experienced specialist in their division) and the technician of the electronic computing group of midshipman Yevgeny Novosad. And Captain 3rd Rank Igor Vorobyov named the senior boatswain, foremen of the missile weapons, small anti-aircraft artillery and electronic warfare teams - senior warrant officers Valery Leskin, Viktor Shtefan, Valentin Nosatov and Dmitry Porvatov. Moreover, he noted that two of them still took the boat from the "industry" and introduced it into the permanent readiness forces. Their knowledge and experience are beyond doubt: they can get out of any difficult situations.
This kind of "bison" is also in the Marine Corps regiment of the Black Sea Fleet. These are ensigns who have visited Chechnya, Ingushetia and Georgia, in other "hot spots". Their combat experience is invaluable. They train the Marines in what is needed in the war. Officers listen to their advice.
We also visited the personnel department of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. In the department that deals with midshipmen and ensigns, they said that there are only orientations for midshipmen. And we are talking about the reduction of only 30 percent of the military in this category.
Looking into the future, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation: dial required amount contract servicemen with Russian citizenship to serve on Ukrainian territory in exchange for retired midshipmen and ensigns will be difficult.
Legendary "techies"
Anatoly Stupakov, head of the WMD organizational department of the Pacific Fleet headquarters, captain 1st rank, who at one time went from the commander of the BCH-3 to the commander of the MPK, says:Midshipmen appeared in the fleet in the early 70s of the last century when sailors and foremen were transferred to a three-year military service. The technique became more and more complicated, and midshipmen were appointed foremen of teams and group commanders. There were 15 of them on the IPC in the state. Of course, the boatswain, battalion and cook instructor can hardly be attributed to the technical composition of the crew. But the rest are 100% techies.
With great pleasure Anatoly Ivanovich recalls the experienced and reliable midshipmen with whom he happened to serve. For example, midshipman Vladimir Smolyanov was one of the best hydroacoustics at the Pacific Fleet. By the way, thanks to him, the brigade many times won the prize of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for the search and "destruction" of submarines. Smolyanov was one of the first to become a master of military affairs. Repeatedly, at maximum distances, he detected foreign submarines on duty near the border of our territorial waters. Many remember this and will confirm. But to prepare such a specialist, it took two years of study at the school of technicians and then at least three years of service on the ship. And running.
Most midshipmen honestly and conscientiously performed their duties, were an example for conscripts both in everyday life and in extreme situations, - says captain 1st rank Stupakov. - I remember what selflessness they showed when rescuing the survivors and the crew members of the small rocket ship "Musson" who found themselves in the water after the disaster. More than once I heard how confidently and fearlessly midshipmen acted during the fires that happened in the fleet. And there is nothing surprising in this: after all, the midshipman, who has served for several years on the ship, knows its structure very well, and in the combat post, the compartment orients itself with his eyes closed.
Instructor for parachute training of the Marine Corps of the Guard Ensign Madi TURASHEV
Of course, different midshipmen met. Some are rolling stone. A year or two - and they begin to be burdened by the service. But there are a lot of those for whom it has become the meaning of their whole life. On nuclear submarines, large anti-submarine ships, you can meet midshipmen who have already exceeded forty-five. Without exaggeration, the combat readiness of these submarines and ships largely rests on them.
In addition, on ships of the 3rd rank (for example, the MPK), midshipmen keep watch on duty on the ship, can temporarily replace the commanders of combat units, and are appointed commanders of crews and emergency parties. Having an average technical education, then, having received higher education, they often become officers. And even if they don’t, they still look like “almost officers” in the eyes of their subordinates.
For example, on the guards missile cruiser "Varyag" Lieutenant Oleg Strokov serves as a guard, who, as a young midshipman, accepted the ship from the "industry". Thanks to him, at the beginning of the 2000s, when the states changed, it was possible to write with minimal effort new book ship schedules. Because no one knows better its device and the organization of the ship. The ship's commanders, chief mates, assistants changed. Two, three, four years - and left. This is understandable: you need to grow! And Strokov is an old-timer of the ship. Therefore, he became one of the authors of the main document, according to which the crew now lives.
On the shore, Stupakov agrees, another midshipman or warrant officer can be replaced by a foreman, sergeant, and even a civilian. It is very difficult to do this on a ship. Technique is improving. There is work that the foreman is not capable of and that the officer will not do. Only midshipman. He will leave - and the specific mechanism will stop.
The foreman, depending on the specialty, can have a maximum of the fifth rank. If you put a midshipman in his position, who now has, for example, the ninth category, then he will lose money. Who will agree to this? There is only one way out: the midshipman in the position of foreman should receive allowances according to his previous rank. At the same time, we must not forget that the midshipman, after many years of service, has, according to the law, a number of social benefits. The foreman, who has served the same terms, does not have such benefits.
(hence the name of the position) and ensured the accurate execution of the team orders captain or watch officer, which delivered sail often limited the view of the middle and bow of the deck. To develop practice, candidates for production in officer rank (midshipmen).
The military rank of midshipman exists today in the Navy (Navy) of some other states. AT Great Britain, for example, it is assigned cadets senior year at the Naval War College, USA- cadets of the naval school (naval academy).
Russia
| 100px | junior ranks: | Midshipman | Senior rank: |
| Chief boatswain Midshipman Conductor Senior Paramedic |
Lieutenant |
In the Russian Navy, the rank of midshipman was first introduced in 1716 how non-commissioned officer.
Subsequently, from to (excluding 1751−1758, when midshipmen again belonged to non-commissioned officers) midshipman - the first chief officer rank in the navy lieutenant in the army.
The rank of midshipman was awarded to midshipmen who successfully passed the theoretical and practical exams. Midshipmen were appointed to the positions of commanders of artillery towers of ships, commanders plutongs mine action artillery , navigators small warships and so on. [[To: Wikipedia: Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[C:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]] [ ]
USSR
In Soviet times, the military rank of midshipman was first introduced by the Decree Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated November 30, 1940 as the highest rank for foremen of the Navy, naval units border and internal troops. This regulation was in effect until 1972.
Prior to the introduction of shoulder straps in 1943, midshipmen's insignia were sleeve patches - four stripes of a narrow golden galloon under a red cloth star.
In 1943, in connection with the introduction of shoulder straps in the Armed Forces of the USSR, for midshipmen, removable shoulder straps were installed on a button with a trapezoidal upper cut, with the so-called "foreman's hammer": a narrow golden galloon along the longitudinal axis to the intersection with a wide transverse galloon in the upper third of the shoulder strap.
Subsequently, the form of shoulder straps and insignia on them changed.
In 1955, sewn-on shoulder straps were introduced on the overcoat and tunic (double-breasted uniform) without buttons with an oblique upper cut, the narrow longitudinal galloon was replaced by a wider one.
In 1963, the insignia on shoulder straps were changed: the transverse braid was canceled, and the longitudinal one reached the top cut.
In connection with the introduction from January 1, 1972 in Armed Forces of the USSR ensigns and midshipmen (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 18, 1971) military personnel with the rank of midshipman became a separate category of personnel Navy(on ships, vessels, in coastal units of the combat support of the Navy) and naval units of the border and internal troops. In terms of their official position, duties and rights, they, like warrant officers, have a status close to junior officers, are their closest assistants and superiors for sailors (soldier) and petty officers (sergeants) one ship (part) with them.
In this regard, the insignia of midshipmen has changed - for them, shoulder straps of a new type were introduced without gaps, on which two stars are located along the longitudinal axis.
Since January 12, 1981 in the Navy of the USSR (on ships, vessels, in the coastal units of the combat support of the Navy), as well as in marine parts border and internal troops, a military rank was introduced senior midshipman(simultaneously with the introduction in the Soviet Army, coastal units and aviation of the Navy, border and internal troops USSR Armed Forces of the rank of senior warrant officer), for which shoulder straps of a new type were introduced: without gaps, on which three stars are located along the longitudinal axis.
Insignia of midshipmen, USSR
| Midshipman | Senior midshipman | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100px | 50px | 50px | 55px | 55px | 55px | 55px | |
| Sleeve insignia (1940-1943) |
Shoulder strap (1943-1953) |
Shoulder strap (1954-1957) |
Shoulder strap (1957-1971) |
Shoulder strap (1971-1994) |
Shoulder strap (1981-1994) |
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After the collapse of the USSR, data ranks were retained in the Russian Armed Forces and in most republics in the post-Soviet space.
Before military rank soldier passing military service in the guards military unit, on the guards ship, the word "guards" is added.
To the military rank of a citizen staying in reserve or retired, the words "reserve" or "retired" are added as appropriate.
Russian Federation
Midshipman in the Navy of the Russian Federation rank above the chief ship foreman and below the senior midshipman, who, in turn, is below the junior lieutenant.
The rank of midshipman, as a rule, is awarded upon completion of the relevant schools (courses). Shoulder straps of midshipmen of the Navy of the Russian Federation since 1994
| Midshipman | Senior midshipman | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| (VO-6) | (VO-7) | ← NATO rank code |
| 55px | 55px | Universal shoulder strap (removable and sewn on) for outerwear (1994−2010), removable epaulette on a demi-season raincoat, tunic of blue color and a woolen jacket (since 2010) |
| 55px | 55px | Shoulder strap on the jacket , cloak demi-season and overcoat , on a jacket jacket demi-season and wool coat (since 2010) |
see also
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Notes
Literature
- Midshipman // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- // Line of adaptive radio communication - Objective air defense / [under the general. ed. N. V. Ogarkova ]. - M. : Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1978. - ( Soviet military encyclopedia: [in 8 tons]; 1976-1980, v. 5).
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An excerpt characterizing Midshipman
And here, on the ground, in a lonely empty cave, on a round pebble, hunched over, a man was sitting... He looked quite small. And very scared. Bitterly, weeping hysterically, he furiously rubbed his evil tears with his fists and swore in his childish soul that such a day would come when he would grow up, and then he would certainly correct the “wrong” world of adults ... Make it joyful and good! This little man was Beloyar... a great descendant of Radomir and Magdalena. Small, lost in the world of big people, crying Man...Everything I heard from the lips of the North once again flooded my heart with sadness ... I asked myself again and again - are all these irreparable losses really natural? .. Is there really no way to rid the world of evil spirits and malice ?!. All this terrible machine of global killing made the blood run cold, leaving no hope of salvation. But at the same time, a powerful stream of life-giving force flowed from somewhere into my wounded soul, opening every cell in it, every breath to fight traitors, cowards and scoundrels! .. With those who killed the pure and brave, without hesitation, by any means, if only to destroy everyone who could be dangerous for them ...
Tell me more, Sever! Tell me, please, about Qatar... How long did they live without their Guiding Star, without Magdalene?
But Sever suddenly became agitated for some reason and answered tensely:
– Forgive me, Isidora, but I think I will tell you all this later… I cannot stay here any longer. Please hold on my friend. Whatever happens, try to be strong...
And, softly melting, he left with a “breath” ...
And Caraffa was already standing on the threshold again.
- Well, Isidora, have you thought of something more sensible? - without saying hello, Caraffa began. – I really hope that this week will bring you to your senses and I will not have to resort to the most extreme measures. After all, I told you quite sincerely - I do not want to harm your beautiful daughter, rather the opposite. I would be glad if Anna continued to study and learn new things. She is still too quick-tempered in her actions and categorical in her judgments, but she has a huge potential. One can only imagine what she would be capable of if she allowed him to open up correctly! .. How do you look at this, Isidora? All I need for this is your consent. And then you will be fine again.
“Except for the death of my husband and father, isn’t it, Your Holiness?” I asked bitterly.
– Well, it was an unforeseen complication (!..). And you still have Anna, don't forget that!
– And why should I have someone to “remain”, Your Holiness? .. I had a wonderful family, which I loved very much, and which was everything for me in the world! But you destroyed it… just because of an “unforeseen complication”, as you just put it!.. Do living people really have no meaning for you?!
Caraffa relaxed into a chair and calmly said:
“People interest me only insofar as they are obedient to our most holy church. Or how extraordinary and unusual their minds are. But these come across, unfortunately, very rarely. The usual crowd does not interest me at all! This is a bunch of little-thinking meat, which is no longer suitable for anything except for the fulfillment of someone else's will and other people's orders, because their brains are not able to comprehend even the most primitive truth.
Even knowing Karaffa, I felt my head spinning with excitement ... How could it be possible to live, thinking such a thing ?!.
– Well, what about the gifted ones?.. You are afraid of them, Your Holiness, aren’t you? Otherwise, you would not have killed them so brutally. Tell me, if you still burn them at the end, then why is it so inhumane to torture them even before they climb the fire? Is it really not enough for you that atrocity that you create by burning these unfortunate people alive? ..
“They must repent and confess, Isidora!” Otherwise, their soul will not be cleansed, despite the fact that I betray them to the flames of the holy fire. They must get rid of the birth of the devil in them - they must get rid of their dirty Gift! Otherwise, their soul, having come to Earth from darkness, will again plunge into the same darkness... And I will not be able to fulfill my duty - to join their fallen souls to the Lord God. Do you understand this, Isidora?!
No, I didn’t understand ... because it was the real nonsense of an extremely crazy person! .. Caraffa’s incomprehensible brain was a mystery to me behind the seven heaviest locks ... And, in my opinion, no one could comprehend this riddle. Sometimes the Holy Pope seemed to me the smartest and most educated person, knowing much more than any ordinary well-read and educated person. As I said before, he was a wonderful conversationalist, shining with his tenacious and sharp mind, which completely subjugated those around him. But sometimes... what he "said" didn't sound like anything normal or understandable. Where was his rare mind at such moments?
“Have mercy, Your Holiness, you are talking to me now!” Why pretend?! What "lord" are we talking about here? And to what "lord" would you like to join the souls of these unfortunate "sinners"? And in general, can you tell me which Lord you yourself believe? If, of course, you believe at all ...
Contrary to my expectation, he did not explode in anger... He just smiled and said in a teacher's tone:
“You see, Isidora, a person does not need God to believe in something,” seeing my dumbfounded face, Caraffa laughed merrily. – Isn't it funny to hear this from me, Isidora?.. But the truth is, it is true, although I understand that from the lips of the Pope it must sound more than strange. But I repeat, man truly does not need God... He needs another person for this. Take even Christ... He was simply very gifted, but still a MAN! And he only had enough to walk on the water, revive the half-dead, show a few more of the same “tricks”, well, and for us it’s correct to declare that he is the son of God (and therefore almost God), and everything went exactly as it has always been - the crowd, after his death, happily rushed after their redeemer ... not even fully understanding what he really redeemed for them ...
Radomir (Jesus Christ), who could walk on water...
As I told you earlier, people must be able to direct and manage them correctly, Isidora. Only then is it possible to fully control them.
– But you will never be able to control entire nations! .. For this, armies are needed, Holiness! And even assuming that you would somehow subjugate these peoples, I am sure that again there would be brave people who would lead the rest to win their freedom.
“You are absolutely right, Madonna,” Caraffa nodded. - Peoples do not submit voluntarily - they must be subordinated! But I'm not a warrior, and I don't like to fight. This creates great and unnecessary inconvenience... Therefore, in order to subdue peacefully, I use a very simple and reliable method - I destroy their past... For without a past, a person is vulnerable... He loses his ancestral roots if he does not have a past. And just then, confused and unprotected, he becomes a “clean canvas” on which I can write any story! .. And believe me, dear Isidora, people only rejoice at this ... because, I repeat, they cannot live without a past (even if they don't want to admit it to themselves). And when there is none, they accept anything, just not to “hang” in the unknown, which is much more terrible for them than any other, fictional “story”.
– And do you really think that no one sees what is really happening?.. After all, there are so many smart, gifted people on Earth! I exclaimed indignantly.
- Why don't they see it? The chosen ones see it, and even try to show it to others. But we “clean them up” from time to time... And everything falls into place again.
– Just as you once “cleaned up” the family of Christ and Magdalene? Or today – the gifted ones?.. What is this “god” to whom you pray, Your Holiness? What kind of monster needs all these sacrifices?!
– If we are speaking frankly, I do not pray to the gods, Isidora... I live by REASON. Well, God is needed only by the helpless and poor in spirit. For those who are used to asking for help... for benefits... and for everything in the world! Just don't fight on your own!.. These are little people, Isidora! And they deserve to be managed! And the rest is a matter of time. That is why I am asking you to help me live until the day when I gain full power in this insignificant world!.. Then you will see that I was not joking, and that the Earth will completely obey me! I will make my empire out of it... Oh, I only need time!.. And you will give it to me, Isidora. You just don't know about it yet.
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