Early morning in one of the dacha villages near Moscow. The sun is still timidly trying to announce the beginning of the day. There is not a soul on the street. Silence and peace. Suddenly, from behind the forest, cutting the morning air with a silver propeller, it appears with the speed of a hawk and a helicopter with the inscription "Police" on board hovering over one of the houses. There are snipers on the landing platforms - they keep the entire yard and the surrounding territory at gunpoint. The building is instantly surrounded by a group of special forces. From the loudspeakers of the rotorcraft sounds a formidable “Attention! The police are on the job!"
Later, during interrogation, the detainees confess that they were stunned by the sudden appearance of a police helicopter and it did not even occur to them to resist. The rotorcraft produced a powerful psychological effect on them! The unit that ensured the successful outcome of that operation is called the "Hawk", and its full name is the Aviation Detachment special purpose Center for Special Purposes of Rapid Response Forces and Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (AOSN "Yastreb" TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia). This is just one of many successful operations in which the aviators of the Ministry of Internal Affairs took part. The detachment in its current form has existed for a little over a year, and the proper name appeared just six months ago. However, despite this, the aviation special forces have a rich one, which began more than 10 years ago.
The first aviation units of the then militia appeared in Russia at the end of the last century. At that time, these were separate units, each of which was subordinate to the territorial internal affairs bodies. These divisions had no common regulatory framework, no centralized management, and, most importantly, no common control over flight safety. Meanwhile, aviation in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was needed, even necessary. In this regard, in 2002, it was decided to create in the structure of the Logistics Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia a department for organizing the activities of aviation of the internal affairs bodies (OODA ATS). The new division was headed by Sergei Yurievich Yezhov. The tasks of this department were to create a regulatory framework that would allow the operation of aircraft in the interests of law enforcement agencies, as well as new units in those regions where this was necessary. However, the functions of the OODA were not limited to rule-making activities. Some time after the appearance, the detachment received its first Mi-8 helicopter, and from that time the operation of aircraft by the detachment began in the interests of law enforcement agencies. The current deputy commander of the detachment for flight work, and then still an employee of the OODA OVD, Oleg Alekseevich Bobrov, remembers that moment very well and considers it significant for the detachment.
Deputy commander of the AOSN "Yastreb" for flight work of the TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, police colonel Oleg Bobrov:
“With the receipt of the Mi-8 helicopter, we began to carry out flights in the interests of law enforcement agencies, and, I must say, this helped us a lot. Faced with problems in practice, we understood in which direction we need to move in order to create new documents or make changes to existing ones that regulate the activities of our aviation. We needed to think through all the features of police work so that we could use aviation as efficiently as possible in the interests of law enforcement agencies, while not going beyond national norms.”
In 2003, in connection with the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as the fact that the department was already performing operational and service tasks using aviation, it was decided to reorganize it into the Aviation Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Under the leadership of a new management structure by that time in various subjects Russian Federation About 10 detachments of police aviation were united. The Center provided comprehensive methodological, organizational and practical assistance to all these subdivisions. In 2011, the Aviation Center was again reorganized. Some of the employees were transferred to a new department created in the structure of the Directorate for Supporting the Activities of Special Purpose and Aviation Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (UPSNiA). The rest formed the backbone of the special-purpose aviation detachment in the structure of the newly created Special Forces Center for Rapid Response Forces and Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Together with the aviation detachment, SOBR "Lynx" and OMON "Zubr" also entered the CSN. 2012 - another important milestone in the history of the detachment - the assignment own name"Hawk". Thanks to the wealth of experience, the unit today remains a kind of "big brother" for the rest of the police squadrons. Its employees provide methodological assistance to colleagues, help form the regulatory framework and exercise control over flight safety.
home impact force AOSN "Hawk" - light multifunctional helicopters AS-355 Ecureuil (translated from French - squirrel) manufactured by the French aircraft manufacturing concern Eurocopter. Maximum flight altitude - 6 km, speed - 250 km / h. The most important requirement for a police helicopter is maneuverability. Despite the fact that a helicopter does not have to fly often in urban areas, and its main field of activity is large open spaces, albeit within the city, but still, a helicopter-winged police officer must be prepared for the fact that he will have to maneuver with small turning angles and sharply soar into the sky or descend if necessary. AS-355 is ideal for such maneuvers. Another indisputable advantage of this machine is its weight and dimensions. Due to its modest size, the helicopter, if necessary, can land on a patch with a diameter of no more than 30 meters and at the same time land on almost any site, including on the roofs of high-rise buildings. At the same time, the machine is able to work not only in flat conditions, but also in the mountains, and this environment, as you know, is considered one of the most difficult to fly.
One of the most important and responsible areas in the work of the AOSN today is work with special forces units. First of all, with those who are part of the TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia - SOBR "Lynx" and OMON "Zubr". However, if necessary, aviators can cooperate with other units. The main task of police aviation when working with special forces is to transport the combat group to the place of the special operation. The helicopter can take on board up to 4 employees with and in full gear. Moreover, special forces can be located not only inside the helicopter, but also outside. Landing can also be done by any of the existing methods. Employees can dismount from the landing platforms after landing the vehicle or from the mode of hovering above the ground, or they can go down the halyard or using climbing equipment - the helicopter can be equipped with everything necessary for this. In addition to landing functions, the helicopter can also cover the actions of groups from the air - employees armed with any type of small arms up to a light machine gun can be placed on the landing platform. By the way, not only suppressive fire can be fired from a helicopter, but also high-precision shooting - during the exercises, together with the Lynx SOBR, a unit sniper successfully hit a target with a sniper rifle from a helicopter that was in the air at that moment. In addition to transport and combat functions, the helicopter can also perform reconnaissance missions using special equipment.
This is exactly how the AOSN employees worked when they were monitoring false riot police who carried out robbery attacks on entertainment establishments. With the help of night vision devices, the pilots monitored the criminals from a considerable distance. At the moment when the raiders were heading towards the object, the helicopter pilot transmitted information to the ground capture team, which was in ambush - the special forces carried out a lightning capture, detaining the bandits at the crime scene.
In addition to helicopters, smaller vehicles that are in service with the Hawk can be used in combat operations - unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The possibilities of this class of aircraft are almost limitless - a drone can monitor an area of several square kilometers and at the same time it will be almost impossible to see it from the ground, because even the largest police UAV does not exceed 3 meters in length, reaching a height of 2-3 meters in flight. thousands of meters, at which it turns into an indistinguishable point!
AOSN is armed with drones of both helicopter and aircraft type. Each has its own advantages and is used to perform certain tasks. Aircraft-type UAVs develop high speed and can fly at a distance of up to 50 kilometers, while from a distance of up to 25 kilometers an unmanned “baby” can broadcast a video image to the base, and it can conduct autonomous shooting, being at a distance of up to 50 kilometers from the operator. If the signal is lost, the drone returns to the base on its own. Helicopter-type UAVs have more modest characteristics of speed and flight range, but they can hover in the air, continuously monitoring a certain area of area or an object of interest to law enforcement agencies. At the moment, police UAVs are actively used for reconnaissance, the results of which are used in planning special operations.
Head of the UAV department of the JSC “Yastreb” of the TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Police Major Alexei Vorobyov:
"Special Forces, which was given our unmanned aircraft, pursued a group of militants. It happened at night, and visibility was severely limited. Trying to get away from the chase, the militants took refuge in a huge field sown with corn. The plants were already taller than human height, and it was dangerous to move across the field after the criminals, since the employees could not see anything in front of them and could run into point-blank shots. Then a drone was launched over the field, which, using a thermal imaging camera, determined the location of the bandits. The information was broadcast in real time to the monitor behind which our operator was. He pointed out to the commandos the whereabouts of the militants, and our officers fired at the bandits hiding in corn from grenade launchers and threw grenades at them. As a result, the entire group of militants was then destroyed.”
By the way, in addition to the rotary-winged "Ecurels" and baby drones, the AOSN is armed with larger vehicles - for example, the Yak-40 transport and cargo aircraft, which is used mainly as a flying operational headquarters. Often the aircraft is used to evacuate wounded employees from hot spots.
The range of tasks performed by the detachment today is not limited to working only with special forces. Despite the fact that the AOSN is part of the structure of the TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the unit can be involved in solving tasks performed not only by employees of the Center, but also by any unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that needs the help of special aviation, whether it be PPS, traffic police or criminal investigation. The main array of aviators' work is reconnaissance, reconnaissance, patrolling, search activities, surveillance, and pursuit. The advantage of a helicopter is the high altitudes at which it operates. It is this feature that makes police aviation an indispensable tool for surveillance and reconnaissance. And thanks to the powerful optics installed on the helicopter, its pilot becomes truly all-seeing. Complex equipment is placed in a separate hinged unit. In aviation slang, this device is called a "head". Powerful optics and cameras of all types are placed inside such a “head”: day, night, thermal imaging. With the help of such equipment from heaven, you can see anything. From a height of 150-200 meters, the operator can see the car number. You can accurately determine the make and model of the vehicle from a height of 1000 meters. At night, with the help of a thermal imager, it is possible to detect a person from a distance of 4–5 kilometers, a car can be “examined” from 6–8 kilometers at all. The detachment works very fruitfully in the interests of the traffic police.
“We have repeatedly carried out preventive flights on especially dangerous sections of federal highways, which resulted in a significant reduction in the number of violations of the rules traffic. Conducted search activities that allowed to return to the rightful owners more than a dozen stolen Vehicle. I must say that the video data from our aircraft, provided online, helped the leaders to quickly make competent decisions on the organization of traffic in the conditions of congestion of vehicles during various public events. And it is very pleasant that the leadership of the traffic police understands the effectiveness and prospects of using aviation to solve their problems and interacts with us with pleasure.”
Often AOSN "Yastreb" is involved in various public events. At the same time, in such operations, in addition to making video and photo recordings and transmitting to the ground, the helicopter pilot can act as a coordinator of the actions of ground units.
Commander of the AOSN "Yastreb" of the TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, police colonel Igor Konshin:
“When monitoring mass events, our main task is to control the situation on the ground. The sooner we detect manifestations of provocations, aggression, skirmishes and transfer this information to the operational headquarters responsible for organizing public security, the more chances there are to localize the conflict, preventing it from growing and turning into riots.”
And at one of the football matches, the air special forces helped to track down the villains who, hiding on the roof of one of the buildings, threw stones at ground police units. From the ground, the police could not accurately determine the location of the hooligans, but from a helicopter they were visible at a glance.
The detachment, if necessary, can organize a full-fledged broadcast of the picture from helicopter equipment in the mode live broadcast to a transmitter on the ground, if necessary. Such opportunities, by the way, were very useful during the thousands of rallies that took place in Moscow in 2012. It was thanks to the aviators that it was possible to establish the true number of participants in the rally and dispel the political "myths" of various figures.
The boundaries of responsibility of the "Hawk" are not limited to the capital region. Today, AOSN employees can work in the Moscow region, and in a couple of days they will be performing tasks in the sky over Siberia or the Kuban. Moreover, the detachment is constantly in readiness number 2 - this means that when an order is received, the helicopter should be in the sky in 20 minutes. AOSN is constantly called upon to work in the security of large government and international events. For example, the detachment worked during the G8 summit in St. Petersburg. By the way, it was the pilots of the "Hawk" who were entrusted with providing aerial photography of events related to the elections and inauguration of the President of the Russian Federation.
Only the best of the best have always served in aviation. There was the most severe selection, both in terms of physical and moral-volitional qualities. Special Forces Aviation quite rightly imposes increased requirements on candidates who must have a higher technical education, perfect health and many hours of flight time on cars of various classes. Employees with the richest work experience come to the detachment. All pilots have served either in the aviation of the Ministry of Defense or the internal troops. A prerequisite is a flight class not lower than the second and experience in flying over Moscow and the Moscow region in urban areas. The age of a candidate for a flight position should not exceed 45 years. The age limit until which an employee can serve as a pilot is determined purely on an individual basis.
The commander of the aviation unit Igor Konshin is a pilot with a wealth of experience. He came to the group from air force, from childhood admired the work of special forces and, despite a high leadership position, still continues to pilot helicopters, working at the forefront of the fight against crime. He loves his work and says that he does it with pleasure. And just like any pilot, he cannot imagine his life without the sky. To match the commander and the rest of the pilots of the "Hawk" - all experienced aces, many were awarded high state awards. Aviation traditions and heroes who died in the line of duty are sacredly honored in the detachment.
Commander of the AOSN "Yastreb" of the TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, police colonel Igor Konshin:
“We have three aircraft named after the dead pilots. These are Mi-8 in memory of Alexander Nepokrytykh (currently in the Novosibirsk detachment), R-44 in memory of Ilya Garanin (flies in the sky of Baikonur) and AS-355 in memory of Alexander Kalabushkin (in our detachment).
Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is still a relatively young structure, however, the AOSN "Yastreb" of the TsSN SR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has already managed to write many glorious lines into it. Today, as always, aviation special forces are ready to perform any task at any time.
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The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is a special military formation whose troops are designed to ensure the internal security of the entire state, public security, protection of freedoms and rights of man and citizen from unlawful encroachments.
Today, the aviation of the law enforcement forces is regiments and squadrons that are engaged in the transportation of personnel, weapons, special and military equipment, and other materiel. Ensure the mobility of the actions of the internal affairs bodies and troops in the performance of their assigned tasks to ensure the regime of emergency situations and situations, combat organized crime and under other circumstances.
History of formation
On March 3, 1978, the Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the CPSU issued a resolution on strengthening the protection of facilities in the Far Eastern and Trans-Baikal railways. From this resolution it appeared that in the territories of the eastern part of the country they began to form new parts of the internal troops. The first separate aviation squadron of explosives was formed in the city of Khabarovsk.
Nowadays
At the moment, the leadership of aviation is entrusted to the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for Aviation, Lieutenant General A.I. Afinogentov.
AT Kaluga region The 70th Separate Special Purpose Aviation Regiment of the Interior Ministry of the Russian Federation is located at the Ermolino airfield. Colonel I.A. was appointed commander there. Ivanovich. Interestingly, the Il-76MD, one of the aircraft of the regiment, was named after the first chief of aviation of the VV V.M. Ponomarev.
The Day of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (VV Day) is a professional holiday of the military personnel of the Internal Troops, which is celebrated annually on March 27 in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 394 dated March 19, 1996. Traditionally, the Day of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is celebrated by all employees and workers of the internal troops. In fact, this holiday is a tribute to all those who preserve the integrity of the country and the constitutional order, maintain public order, protect the peace of citizens and peaceful life, and reliably ensure the protection of especially important transport hubs and state facilities. We congratulate all employees of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the holiday and thank you for your service. For those who wish to buy a gift for this holiday, we recommend visiting the Internal Troops page in our military store.
The history of the emergence of internal troops
The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are part of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and are designed to ensure the security of the state, society and the individual, to protect the freedoms and rights of a citizen and a person from any illegal encroachments. The Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are the successor of special units that maintained state order back in the 16th century. In the XVI-XVII centuries, some of these functions were performed by units of the archery army.
Ivan the Terrible, in order to “preserve calm and silence in Moscow”, created the institution of “residents” - an army that consisted of serving nobles, later this army began to be considered the prototype of the internal troops.
Peter I instructed, in order to ensure internal security in the state, to form garrison, that is, internal battalions created from soldiers incapable of field service, these battalions were a reserve of field troops.
In Russia, until the 19th century, the functions of internal troops, together with the police, were performed by provincial teams and Cossack regiments. These were the first units of the internal troops. In January 1811, local data military commands, which were subordinate to the civil authorities, were transferred to the military department.
March 27, 1811 became the generally recognized date for the creation of internal troops, it was on this day that Emperor Alexander I issued a decree according to which regular provincial teams and companies were deployed to provincial capitals and military battalions of the Armed Forces were organized - the internal guard, which became one of the main parts of the state security system .
The Internal Guard is a branch of the armed forces for escort and guard duty that existed in Russia from 1811 to 1864. In addition to general military duties, the Internal Guard was also assigned special duties assigned by the provincial authorities. She could participate in the capture of fugitive criminals, the execution of court sentences, the suppression of disobedience, persecution, the confiscation of unauthorized goods, the collection of taxes, the maintenance of order during natural disasters and other operations. Consequently, the Internal Guard was a police body, but possessed military organization.
In 1816, the Internal Guard was given a different name - the Separate Corps of the Armed Forces. In 1817, gendarmerie divisions (in Moscow and St. Petersburg) and teams organized from police dragoon units were founded with this corps. By 1825 almost all Russian cities were parts of the sun. In 1853, the Inner Guard included two semi-battalions, 523 garrison battalions, 296 stage, 564 disabled and five salt teams, which totaled 145 thousand people.
Soldiers of the Inner Guard took part in the battles in the Patriotic War of 1812, in Crimean War 1854-1855. In 1864, the Separate Corps of the Armed Forces was abolished, and its duties were entrusted to the newly formed local troops. Later, in 1886, an escort guard was formed, which accompanied the arrested of all categories to judicial and administrative institutions, to forced labor and to places of detention.
Internal Troops of the USSR after the revolution of 1917
In 1918, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs ordered the reorganization of the escort guards according to new principles, and a year later, the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense decided to unite all service troops and organize the Republic's internal security troops. In the future, the troops of the VOHR-VNUS-VChK-OGPU-NKVD were repeatedly transformed, but their tasks were the same - to protect citizens from any threat. They participated in the civil and in the Soviet-Finnish war. In the dramatic years of the 1930s, many of the best commanding cadres became victims of trumped-up cases and were repressed.
In the Great Patriotic war units and formations of the NKVD troops defended Leningrad and Moscow, Kyiv, the Brest Fortress, Voronezh, Odessa, Stalingrad, fought in the border areas, fought fierce battles on the Kursk Bulge, and defended the North Caucasus. A total of 20 brigades and 53 divisions of the NKVD troops participated in the battles during the war years. 18 military units were awarded honorary titles or orders. 97,700 servicemen of these troops were killed in the war. For heroism and courage shown in the battles for the Fatherland, more than 100 thousand soldiers and commanders were awarded state awards, 295 servicemen of the internal troops became Heroes Soviet Union.
The combat traditions of the internal troops were inherited by new generations of military personnel. The internal troops were additionally entrusted with the protection of scientific research institutions, rocket manufacturing and nuclear industry enterprises. Carrying out assigned tasks, personnel military units and units of internal troops showed vigilance, military skill and courage. For courage and dedication, 48 sergeants, soldiers, officers and ensigns are permanently enrolled in the lists of units.
In peacetime, the internal troops of the USSR protected the population from man-made and natural disasters. So, the fighters of the explosives in 1986 took part in the elimination of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Among the first they were in Spitak, destroyed by an earthquake. In Fergana, Nagorno-Karabakh, Ingushetia and North Ossetia, as well as in other hot spots, the internal troops stopped the battles of the warring parties, guarded the refugees, and disarmed the bandits. Since 1988, the Internal Troops have been involved in the elimination of various conflicts in the territory of the former Soviet Union. Since 1999, the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs have participated in counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus region, more than 11 thousand servicemen of the internal troops have been awarded state awards.
In the mid-1990s, the internal troops were reformed: the task of convoying and guarding convicts was removed, and the rights to protect public order were expanded. Taking into account the growing threats of technogenic terrorism and sabotage, enhanced measures were taken to protect the facilities of the nuclear energy complex. The organizational and staffing structure also changed, a gradual transition was made to the recruitment of military units by military personnel under the contract. The divisional-regimental structure was transformed into a brigade-battalion structure. The material support of the explosive units was also improved. Operational formations gained the ability to advance to certain areas in the shortest possible time and function independently.
Significant changes have taken place in the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia since 2008. The administrations of the districts were reorganized into seven regional commands of the explosives (Central, Northwestern, North Caucasian, Urals, Volga regional commands, Eastern, Siberian). Flags of all regional commands are presented in our military store, so as a gift for the Day of Internal Troops, you can buy a flag of the North Caucasus Regional Command or another district.
In order to strengthen the law enforcement orientation, the internal troops are being actively rearmed, heavy weapons were withdrawn from their composition and transferred to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure. Priority was given to special weapons and special armored wheeled vehicles. The latest digital communication methods are being actively introduced into the command and control system, and an information telecommunications center has been formed.
The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia today are one of the core power structures of the Russian Federation, which is designed to solve the complex various tasks, and in peacetime, and in war time. Today, internal troops are being formed along the path of optimizing the number and composition, improving combat use, developing and introducing new curricula training of military personnel of internal troops. Further formation internal troops should increase their importance in law enforcement and the fight against crime. And in the assortment of our military trade, you can choose as a gift for the Day of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and buy T-shirts of the Internal Troops "defeat yourself - you will be invincible."
Foreign analogues of internal troops
Paramilitaries with an internal focus in modern world exist in almost every country. They report not to the Minister of the Interior, but to the President or the Minister of Defense, or several departments.
For example, in France, the analogue of the internal troops is the National Gendarmerie. The gendarmerie is called not only the military formations of the internal security of France, but also the internal troops of its former colonies, and countries where state building was carried out based on French experience. Today, this type of police stands out for its versatility, as well as its readiness to always help those in trouble. These formations differ from ordinary police structures in that they are subordinate to two departments (internal affairs and defense). They, like the domestic internal troops, are used for military-type operations to maintain order.
In Russia, since tsarist times, the word "gendarmes" has a negative connotation. Although translated from French it's just "armed people". On February 16, 1791, the French Parliament passed a law on the creation of a national gendarmerie, trying to restore order in a state where revolutionary uprisings were rampant. The gendarmerie was completely transformed in 1798: it turned into an elite military unit, in which people were recruited based on combat experience, age and literacy. Today, the French national gendarmerie is entrusted with many tasks - from the fight against criminality and terrorism, to the regulation of traffic on roads outside the cities. Its representatives often take part in providing significant international missions.
In Italy, as in its consulates and embassies around the world, guests are politely greeted by stately carabinieri dressed in elegant black uniforms. This type police appeared in 1814 in the Kingdom of Sardinia, at that time only the most daring politicians dreamed of the unification of Italy. The corps of the royal carabinieri, created as one of the divisions of the army, soon participated in the war for sovereignty. After the proclamation of the kingdom, in 1861, the Carabinieri took up police activities. The Carabinieri had to fight hard and seriously against banditry, and then with the mafia and all its varieties, which challenged the central and local authorities.
In 1965, the Royal Carabinieri unit was named "Office of the Carabinieri Guard of the President of the Republic". The old but not forgotten name becomes official On December 24, 1992, the name "Cuirassier Regiment" was returned to the majestic defenders of the Head of State.
The Civil Guard of Spain arose under Queen Isabella II, and was the first state body to ensure public order and security. The creation of the Civil Guard of the then authorities was prompted by rampant banditry. By special decrees in 1844, this paramilitary corps was officially established, designed to restore public order and fight robbers, but independent of the Ministry of Defense. The French gendarmerie and the special squadron that was then operating on the territory of Catalonia became a model. The Duke de Aumada is considered the "father" of the Civil Guard, he developed the structure of this organization, defined its core tasks and main principles of activity. Today, the number of employees in the Civil Guard has been significantly preserved, among the employees there are more and more women who are respected by the Spanish population.
Almost 150 years before the formation of the first American states, armed groups already existed militia. Consequently, the National Guard is not only the oldest military organization in the country, but also the oldest structure in American history. After gaining independence, the creators of the United States of America faced a dilemma - to subordinate these armed groups to the federal government, or to leave control over them to individual states. As a result of the compromise, the US constitution gave the president the right to call in the National Guard at any time to protect the state, however, the main control over the formations remained with the states.
Today, the National Guard has more than 450 thousand people, the troops are subordinate to the governors of the states. They are used to maintain public order, to restore life after catastrophes, natural disasters, etc. The National Guard belongs to the combat power of the United States and the United States resorts to this reserve function of the National Guard much more often, since in fact only the regular army is not able to ensure the combat capability of the country.
The functions that the internal troops perform can conditionally be divided into three groups: police (assistance to border guards and the police, protection of objects and cargo, etc.), military (combating terrorism, territorial defense, etc.) and political (pacification of civil unrest, etc.). ). For obvious reasons, the last group of functions in federal law not directly spelled out, but it is no less significant, and in relation to the internal troops is an institution-forming one.
The internal troops, together with the army, quite often participate in various operations, so they were unofficially called "warring troops". In the pre-reform Russian army there were 1 million 120 thousand people, and in the internal troops - 170 thousand people, which means that the ratio of internal and external use of military formations in Russia is 0.15. And a similar calculation of the ratios (BB / BC) in other countries, according to official information for 2006, provided the following values: Morocco - 0.1, Iran - 0.1, Poland - 0.05, Republic of the Congo - 0.2, Mongolia - 0.14, Pakistan - 0.3, Portugal - 0.58, Peru - 0.96, USA - 0.31, Romania - 0.59, Turkey - 0.29, Italy - 0.58, France - 0 .41, Yemen - 0.71. The political meaning of the provided coefficient is clear: the higher the indicator, the higher the comparative level of paramilitary formations in a particular country, capable of solving domestic political problems, including the fight against civil unrest. According to these indicators, Russia is not a leader in the formation of internal security forces. France and Italy have the best indicators and at the same time they are considered standards of democracy in the modern world.
ODON
ODON is a combat formation of the Russian Internal Troops, which ensures public order in Moscow and the Moscow Region, participates in the fight against terrorist and extremist organizations, and in wartime protects especially important state institutions.
The main forces of the ODON VV RF are located in the Moscow region, Balashikha-15,. The number of military personnel technical support and the level of combat training, makes it possible for the division to independently perform not only narrowly specific, but also combined-arms tasks. The high combat readiness of this formation is evidenced by the experience of personnel in participating in the elimination of mass riots, counter-terrorist operations. The division is wholly and completely motorized, maneuverable, within 2 hours, by air, its units can be transferred to a designated place to carry out assigned tasks. In total, ODON has hundreds of armored vehicles, artillery and helicopters.
Parts of the ODON explosives participated in operations in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Central Asia, Nagorno-Karabakh, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Chechnya. Today, the division's fighters take part in counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation. Officers and soldiers of the internal troops are always where stamina, courage, and high combat skills are needed.
20 ODON servicemen are forever enlisted in the lists of units of the division. For heroism and courage, 18 ODON servicemen were awarded the title of Hero of Russia, more than 5 thousand people received state awards of the Russian Federation. In gratitude for the heroism and courage of the fighters of the ODON Ministry of Internal Affairs, we offer to present them with high-quality products from the catalog of our military department as a gift on the day of explosives. You can buy a ODON Internal Troops T-shirt for your acquaintance or friend, with the symbols of a separate operational division, thereby expressing your respect for the difficult service of the ODON fighters.
Special Forces of the Internal Troops
The special forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which was created to ensure the security of the 1980 Olympics, were greatly reformed in the 2000s: the staff of special forces increased, the system of education and training changed, and its own TsSN was formed. In addition to the Vityaz Detachment, in the early 90s, the staff of the ON VV also included special forces companies of explosives, which consisted of 3 platoons: the 1st and 2nd platoons of the special forces of the explosives were intended for assault operations, and the 3rd - for reconnaissance. On the basis of the data of platoons, reconnaissance companies were formed in 1993, and special forces groups of explosives remained in the brigades and regiments of the ON. In 1994, other special forces of the explosives appeared: "Rus" and "Rosich". In these detachments, the level of combat training, in comparison with other parts of the explosives, was very high. In 1995, OSN "Rus" participated in the release of hostages in Budyonnovsk. Detachments "Rus", "Vityaz" and the GOS of the 1st PON in January 1996 participated in the assault on the village of Pervomayskoye.
The special forces of the RF VV, despite the fact that they had little experience in combat operations, turned out to be the most prepared units of the Internal Troops for combat missions. After the First Chechen war new detachments of special forces explosives began to be created. By 2000, there were 9 special forces in the internal troops.
Today, in the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, combat missions are performed by 16 detachments of special forces of the explosives, and almost everyone has their own name. The number of units of the special forces of the explosives, after the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, is not a constant indicator. Internal troops are distinguished by the fact that special units are created for specific tasks and therefore, to a large extent, they differ from each other. For example, the North-Eastern division of the special forces of the explosives consists of 10 people as part of the commandant's office in Chukotka. The unit is controlled by the regional command of the explosives. The Eastern Regional Command of the Internal Troops includes the 21st special forces detachment of the Typhoon explosives, the 23rd special forces detachment of the Mechel explosives and the 12th detachment of the special forces of the Urals explosives are subordinate to the Urals Regional Command, the Volga Regional Command includes 26 OSN, 29 OSN. At the moment, there are four OSNs in Chechnya, after a certain time, the forces of the special forces of the explosives are rotated, and the other four detachments of the special forces of the Russian military forces are on duty.
The tasks of the special forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are very different, these are intelligence, and anti-terror, and anti-sabotage operations, etc. All units of the special forces of the explosives are highly mobile and are 100 percent equipped with the most modern equipment and weapons. In the near future, all special forces units of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will receive CornerShot devices, which are designed to fire from behind a corner.
The internal troops have 13 air regiments and separate squadrons. In total, there are more than 10 thousand soldiers and commanders in these elite units. And as they said on the holiday on the occasion of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Vityaz detachment, the special forces will not have peace as long as at least one terrorist remains alive. For special forces soldiers of the Internal Troops in our military store you can buy a sweatshirt Internal Troops black or gray, this original gift for the day of special forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will be the most pleasant and unforgettable.
History of maroon berets
In the Internal Troops of the Russian Federation, he takes a maroon color, this is not just an attribute of the uniform of the special forces of the explosives, it is a sign the highest qualification soldier of the special forces unit. Servicemen of the internal troops are honored to wear a maroon beret only for serious merits. The history of the appearance of the maroon beret is associated with the creation in 1978, on the eve of the Moscow Olympics, of the 9th URSN of the 3rd battalion of the 2nd regiment of OMSDON. Lieutenant General Sidorov Alexander Grigoryevich at that time was the head of combat training, it was he who suggested that the newly minted commandos of the BB pick up a symbol that would distinguish them from the military personnel of other units.
So the maroon beret was chosen as a symbol, its color corresponded to the color of the shoulder straps of the internal troops, and the color of the blood of the fighters that was shed during the hostilities. The founders of the new tradition were Sergei Ivanovich Lysyuk, Hero of Russia, commander of the Vityaz company, and Viktor Putilov. At first, qualification tests were carried out illegally, that is, in the form of complex control classes. The high command did not understand why only the elite should wear a maroon beret, in their opinion, such a distinction belongs to all military personnel, regardless of their level of training. In 1993, the situation changed when Anatoly Sergeevich Kulikov, then commander of the VV, approved a special regulation "On qualification tests for the right to wear the Maroon beret." The surrender process was streamlined and all speculation surrounding the special forces symbol was eliminated.
The maroon beret can be worn by military personnel who have proven this right by their professional, moral and physical qualities. The right to wear a maroon beret is automatically awarded only to special forces soldiers who took part in hostilities and were wounded or maimed, and do not have the opportunity to pass tests for the right to wear a maroon beret.
There are two main objectives of these tests. Firstly, to determine which servicemen of the internal troops have the highest training for actions to free hostages, neutralize armed offenders, and perform other tasks that arise in emergencies and critical situations. The second goal is to create an incentive among special forces servicemen to develop high-willed and moral qualities. Military personnel who serve under a contract or conscription, but not less than six months, in a special forces unit are allowed to pass the tests. At the same time, a serviceman must have excellent knowledge and skills in all subjects of combat training, as well as a positive reference. When passing the exam for the right to wear a maroon beret, the applicant must pass the special physical, tactical and fire training of internal troops.
After successfully passing the test, the fighter is awarded a maroon beret in a solemn atmosphere with general construction parts. A serviceman who has proven the right to wear a maroon beret, before the formation, drops to his right knee, kisses the maroon beret and puts it on his head. Then he puts his hand to the headdress, saying “I serve the Fatherland! And SWAT!
The maroon beret exam is a good tradition that will exist among the troops for many, many years to come. The maroon beret is a symbol of the special forces of the explosives. Of course, every fighter strives to receive the symbol of the special forces of the BB. However, the qualification exam is the last stage, and before that, the applicant soldier is strictly selected by the council of "maroon berets" that exists in each special forces detachment of the VV. The council includes experienced, distinguished military personnel with rich combat experience. It is they who evaluate the intellect of the applicant, his psychological qualities, without missing a single detail. Therefore, to obtain a maroon beret, not only physical qualities are important, the applicant must be an equally trained soldier.
The difficult service of the courageous servicemen of the internal troops continues. Internal troops are warring troops. There are no pauses or breaks in this war, only a tense struggle to ensure public safety. We congratulate all servicemen of the internal troops on the holiday and wish them, as well as their families, well-being and health, and a peaceful life, well, at least to a certain extent. For those who have friends or relatives who serve in the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, we offer you to choose an original gift in the Internal Troops section, pick up food, and in addition buy a fridge magnet or buy a mug Internal Troops and celebrate March 27 the Day of Internal Troops together Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The aviation of the law enforcement forces today is aviation regiments and separate squadrons that transport personnel, weapons, military and special equipment, and other materiel, ensure the actions of the internal troops and internal affairs bodies in the performance of tasks to ensure the state of emergency, the fight against organized crime in situations of armed conflict, emergencies and other emergency situations.
The Day of Aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is celebrated on March 3. It was on this day in 1978 that the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On strengthening the protection of artificial structures on the Trans-Baikal and Far Eastern Railways” was issued, in accordance with which the formation of new military units of internal troops began in the eastern part of the country. The 1st separate aviation squadron of internal troops was formed in Khabarovsk.
The aviation of the internal troops is in charge of the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for Aviation - Head of the Aviation Directorate of the High Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Afinogentov.
The 70th separate mixed special-purpose aviation regiment of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is deployed at the Yermolino airfield in the Kaluga region. The regiment is commanded by Colonel Ivanov Alexander Ivanovich.
One of the Il-76MD aircraft of the regiment bears the name of Vladimir Mikhailovich Ponomarev, the first chief of aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Vladimir Mikhailovich Ponomarev was born in 1935. He graduated from the Balashov Military Aviation School for Pilots. From 1957 to 1978, he served in various military positions as senior flight personnel in the Border Troops, personally mastered the Li-2, Il-14, An-26, Il-76 aircraft, and the Mi-8 helicopter.
Participated in combat operations in Afghanistan. For courage and courage in the performance of combat and special missions awarded with orders Red Star, "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" III degree, medals, he was awarded the honorary title "Honored Military Pilot of the USSR."
Vladimir Mikhailovich Ponomarev regularly performed responsible tasks for the transportation of members of the government of the USSR, the Russian Federation, and heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Having retired from the Internal Troops upon reaching the age limit for staying on military service, Vladimir Mikhailovich remained an active pilot, continuing to train future pilots in the ROSTO organization.
Major General Ponomarev passed away in 2007, but the Vladimir Ponomarev Il-76MD aircraft named after him immortalized the memory of a professional aviator who devoted 42 years of service to the sky of the Motherland.
For reference
The Ermolino airfield was built in 1938 and was originally used as a military unpaved airfield. In 1954, it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of Radio Industry, and in 1965 the construction of concrete parking lots, taxiways and a runway (3000x60 meters) began, which was put into operation in 1973. Aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has been based at the Ermolino airfield since 1992.
Brief information and photographs on 27 aircraft of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia from Chkalovsky and Ermolino.
Chkalovsky airfield
An-72 ( RF-72922 , former numbers: RA-72922, USSR-72922) , s/n 36572040560 . (72922 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- did not pass. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RF-72923 , former numbers: RA-72923, USSR-72923) , s/n 36572060590 .
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR - 2002 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RF-72924 , former numbers: RA-72924, USSR-72924) , s/n 36572060600 . (72924 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- did not pass. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RA-72976 , former numbers: USSR-72976, 976 black) , s/n 36572094884 .
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage. Extreme CWR- did not pass. Based in Chkalovsky.
An-72 ( RF-72979 , former number: RA-72979) , s/n 36572095908 . (72979 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR - 2005 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-134A-3 ( RF-65912 , former numbers: RA-65912, USSR-65912) , s/n 63985 . (65912 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the ARZ-407 In Minsk - 2012 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-134A-3 ( RF-65990, former numbers: RA-65990, USSR-65990), s/n 63690 . (65990 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2015 of the year - in storage (repair in Rostov-on-Don). Extreme CWR on the ARZ-412 in Rostov-on-Don - 2012 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-134UB-L ( RF-66049 , former numbers: RA-64615, 37 red ) , s/n 64615 . (66049 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-154b-2 ( RA-85565 , former numbers: ER-85565, USSR-85565 ) , s/n 82A565. (85565 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-154M ( RA-85735 , former number: B-2627) , s/n 92A917. (85735 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Chkalovsky.
Tu-154M ( RF-85135 , former numbers: RA-85135, B-2628) , s/n 92A922. (85135 )
A photo - January 3, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the Aviacore in Samara - 2011 year. Based in Chkalovsky.
Ermolino airfield
An-26 ( RF-56300 , former number: 11 yellow ) , s/n 1004 .
A photo - August 17, 2013. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56301 / 14 yellow ) , s/n 3207 .
A photo - January 5, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage(in Ermolino). Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Novosibirsk.
An-26 ( RF-56302 , former numbers: 06 yellow , CCCP-48980) , s/n 4701 . (56302 )
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino, formerly in Rostov-on-Don.
An-26 personalized "Nikolai Garidov" ( RF-56303 , former number: 10 yellow ) , s/n 7601 . (56303 )
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56304 , former numbers: 15 yellow , 25 red ) , s/n 8307 . (56304 )
A photo - July 9, 2016. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2000 year. Based in Rostov-on-Don.
An-26 ( RF-56305 , former number: 55 yellow ) , s/n 8705 . (56305 )
A photo - July 9, 2016. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR- no data. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56306 ) , s/n 0403 . (56306 )
A photo - January 5, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2011 year. Based in Ermolino.
An-26 ( RF-56309 , former numbers: 04 yellow, CCCP-46822 ) , s/n 0605 .
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2011 year. Based in Novosibirsk.
An-26 ( RF-36174 , former number: CCCP-26643 ) , s/n 6601 .
A photo - August 17, 2013. On the July 2016 of the year - in storage. Extreme CWR on the 308 ARZ in Ivanovo - 2010 year. Based in Ermolino.
An-12BK ( RF-12042 , former number: 07 yellow ) , s/n 8345707 . (12042 )
A photo - August 15, 2015. On the July 2016 of the year - flies. Extreme CWR on the 325 ARZ in Taganrog - 2009 year. Based in Ermolino.
An-12BK ( RF-12043 , former number: 08 yellow ) , s/n 9346610 .
