You already know that union- this is service unit speech, with the help of which they form a connection between parts of sentences, separate sentences in a text or between words in a simple sentence.

Union"HOW" very often requires the separation of different syntactic constructions.

To understand when to put a comma before the union " HOW", and when not, see the following examples.

Comma before conjunction "HOW" is put

1. Commas stand out or separate turns that begin with a union"HOW"

1) if they denote assimilation , without other shades of meaning (" HOW" has the meaning " like»).

For example: Below him is the Caucasus , like the edge of a diamond, shone with eternal snows. Her voice rang , like a bell. Her eyes shone, green , like a gooseberry. And he saw himself rich , like in a dream. (Krylov) His hands were shaking , like mercury. (Gogol) The air is clean and fresh , like kissing a baby...(Lermontov) Like a seagull , the sail there is white in height.

Comparative phrases in our language not only convey similarities or differences, but also give beauty and expressiveness to the language.

The punctuation rule about comparative turnover is not so difficult: it is always separated by commas on both sides.

For example: At the bottom , like a mirror , glittering water. Around the high brow , like clouds , curls turn black. (Pushkin) Downstairs , like a steel mirror, jet lakes turn blue. (Tyutchev) Flashed brightly in the sky , like a living eye , first star. (Goncharov) Anchar , like a formidable sentinel, stands alone in the whole universe (A. S. Pushkin).

What are the difficulties and where do the mistakes come from?

First difficulty- insufficiently thoughtful attitude to the text. If you do not understand that something is compared with something in a sentence, you will not notice comparative turnover. Hence the simple conclusion: always try to understand the text you write.

Second difficulty consists in the fact that among comparisons there are syntactic "dwarfs" and syntactic "giants". Here's what comparisons can look like - "dwarfs", they can be accidentally overlooked.

For example: I myself , like a beast , was a stranger to people and crawled and hid , like a kite(M. Yu. Lermontov).

And here is what comparisons - “giants" might look like: In front of them , like ocean waves petrified during a storm, mountain ranges spread out.

What trouble can be done with such a proposal?

First, just forget to close the turnover with a comma. This misfortune happens with all common turnovers: having "caught" its beginning, many do not keep it in memory until the end - and then goodbye, second comma!

Secondly, without thinking about the meaning of the turnover, cut the "giant", hastening to put a comma ahead of time, for example, after the word petrified, and thereby turn the sentence into complete nonsense.

2) if in the main part of the sentence there is a demonstrative word so, such, that, so.

For example: Lyceum gave Russia such people , like Pushkin, Pushchin, Delvig. The coachman was in the same amazement at his generosity , like the Frenchman himself from Dubrovsky's proposal. (Pushkin) Nowhere at a mutual meeting do they bow so nobly and naturally , like on Nevsky Prospekt. (Gogol) His facial features were the same , like her sister. (L. Tolstoy) Laevsky is certainly harmful and just as dangerous to society , like a cholera microbe... (Chekhov) Everything around is somehow ecclesiastical, and the oil smells as strong as in the church. (Bitter)

3) if turnover begins with a combination like.

For example: Trees , like people , have their own destiny. To Moscow , like the whole country, I feel my sonship , like an old nanny(Paustovsky). In her eyes , as in the whole face, there was something unusual. Just like last year's competition, athletes of the Russian Federation were ahead;

4) if union "HOW" included in the introductory sentence . The following expressions are most often used as introductory sentences:

As I remember now, how they said, how we learned, how some people think, as well as combinations as now, as one, as a rule, as an exception, as usual, as always, as before, as now, as now, as on purpose etc.

For example: It was , as you can guess, our heroine. All residents of the house , as one , spilled out into the yard. I see , as it is now , the owner himself ... (Pushkin) Classes have begun , as usual , at nine o'clock in the morning. remember , like now , his first teacher at school. as if on purpose , I didn't have a penny in my pocket. commas , usually , adverbial phrases are distinguished. Spartakiad , as usual , takes place in the summer.

But! These combinations are not separated by commas if they are part of the predicate or are closely related to it in meaning.

For example: Classes start as usual. Snowfalls occur in December as a rule (=usually). Yesterday went as usual.(i.e., as usual);

5) in revolutions none other than and none other than; like and just like.

For example: Rhine Falls in front nothing else , how low water ledge (Zhukovsky). But before her was none other , how traveling Aigle, a famous collector of legends, fairy tales, legends. This was none other , how Rylov.

2. If application with union"HOW"has a causal value, it is separated by commas.

For example: Like a true French, in Trike's pocket he brought a couplet to Tatyana (A. S. Pushkin). Why did he bring a verse to Tatyana? - like a true Frenchman.

If the application has no additional values, it is separated by a comma.

For example: Such a tool , like a screwdriver , always useful in business. Neither question can be asked here.

3. In a complex sentence when attaching a subordinate clause:"HOW"acts as subordinating union and binds subordinate clause with main.

For example: He sees , like a field father cleans up. Love jumped out in front of us , how it pops out of the ground killer, and hit us both at once. I looked for a long time , how the candle burns.

(Reminder: how to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex one? You can ask a question in a complex sentence from one part of the sentence to another. Using the example above: " I looked for a long time- for what? - how the candle burns". AT compound sentences parts are equal).

Comma before union"HOW" not put

1. Turnovers with a union"HOW"not separated by commas

1) if the meaning of the circumstance of the mode of action comes to the fore in the turnover (to the question how?); usually such turns can be replaced by the instrumental case of a noun or an adverb.

For example: Buckshot rained down like hail.(Lermontov) (Compare: hailed .) Like smoke dissipated dreams. (Lermontov) Like a demon insidious and evil(Lermontov) (Compare: demonically insidious.)

The ring burns like heat.(Nekrasov) In anger, he roared like thunder, flashed like steel. The horse flies like a blizzard, like a blizzard in a hurry. Like lightning in the sky they blazed, like a fiery rain fell from the sky.

2) if the main meaning of turnover is equalization or identification.

For example: …You loved me as property, as a source of joy, worries and sorrows ...(Lermontov) (Compare: ... loved me, considering me his property.) …He[Judas] gave his stone as the only what could he give(Saltykov-Shchedrin);

3) if union "HOW"means "as" or turnover with the union "HOW" (Appendix) characterizes an object from any one side.

For example: Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere as a groom. (Pushkin) I speak as a writer. (Gorky) My ignorance of the language and silence was interpreted as diplomatic silence. (Mayakovsky) We know India as a country ancient culture . The public appreciated the early Chekhov like a subtle humorist. We know Lermontov better as a poet and prose writer and less as a playwright. I will keep this letter as a keepsake. Yuri Gagarin went down in history as the world's first astronaut. The question of ecology rises as the main question of today.

4) if turnover forms the nominal part of the compound predicate or in meaning is closely related to the predicate (usually in these cases the predicate does not have a complete meaning without a comparative turnover).

For example: Some are like emerald, others are like coral. (Krylov) She herself walked like a wild. (Goncharov) Like a child, I became a soul. (Turgenev) Her father and mother are like strangers. (Dobrolyubov) I looked like. (Arseniev)

She behaves like a hostess.(If we take the predicate " holding on» no turnover « like a hostess", then it turns out" she's holding on”, and you might think that she is holding on to something.)

Compare also: feel like one's in one's own element, behave like a deranged person, take it as a hint, take it as praise, perceive it as a danger, look at it like a child, greet it like a friend, appreciate it as an achievement, regard it as an exception, take it for granted, present it as a fact, qualify as a violation of the law, mark as a great success, interest as a novelty, put forward as a project, justify as a theory, accept as inevitable, develop as a tradition, state as a proposal, interpret as unwillingness to participate, define as a case of a separate application, characterize as a type, stand out as a talent, formalize as an official document, be used as a phraseological phrase, sound like a call, enter as component, figure as a representative, feel like a foreign body, exist as an independent organization, emerge as something unexpected, develop as a progressive idea, complete as an urgent task etc.;

5) if comparative turnover is preceded by negation not or words completely, completely, almost, like, exactly, exactly, directly, simply etc.

For example: I brought up in myself this feeling of a holiday not as a rest and simply a means for further struggle, but as a desired goal, the completion of the highest creativity of life. (Prishvin) It was almost as bright as day. Children sometimes talk just like adults. The girl's hair curls exactly like her mother's. The newspaper did not come out as usual. He just like a child.

6) if turnover has the character of a stable combination .

We have come to the most interesting case - to phraseological turns. Our speech is permeated with phraseological units. These are stable phrases, colored with irony, cunning, cunning.

For example: the fifth leg is needed like a dog, it will help like a dead poultice.

Phraseologisms bring into our speech not only figurativeness, but also mischief, a smile. And what is very important - they do not require a comma before the union " HOW"!

For example: Everywhere he felt at home. Brother and sister look like two drops of water. At the lion like a mountain lifted off my shoulders.(Krylov) Yes, tell the doctor to bandage his wound and take care of him like the apple of an eye. (Pushkin) The young spouses were happy, and their lives flowed like butter. (Chekhov)

There are no strict grammatical rules that help distinguish phraseologism from the usual comparative turnover. You just need to be able to "recognize at a meeting" as many phraseological units as possible.

Among the stable phrases that are not separated by commas, there are also "dwarfs": works like an ox(or like a horse), tired or as hungry as a dog, as stupid as a cork, as white as a harrier, as mad, as crazed, as if rooted to the spot etc. No comma before " HOW"in combinations no like no and right here. Not distinguished by commas and the phrase of impressive size as if nothing had happened.

Compare also: white as a harrier, white as a sheet, white as snow, pale as death, glistens like a mirror, sickness vanished like a hand, afraid like fire, wanders like a restless man, rushed like a madman, mumbles like a sexton, ran in like a madman, spins like a squirrel in a wheel , squeals like a piglet, I see it like in the daytime, everything is like a selection, jumped up like a stung, looked like a wolf, stupid like a cork, naked like a falcon, hungry like a wolf, as far as the sky from the earth, trembling as if in a fever, trembling like an aspen leaf, everything is like water off a goose, waiting like manna from heaven, fell asleep like a dead man, healthy as an ox, knows like the back of his hand, walks beside him like a sewn one, rolled around like cheese in butter, sways like a drunk, swayed like a jelly, red like cancer, strong like an oak, screams like a catechumen, flies like an arrow, hit like a goat, bald as a knee, pours like a bucket, waves his arms like a windmill, rushes about like mad, wet like a mouse, gloomy like a cloud, people like a herring in a barrel, not to be seen like his own ears, dumb as a grave, worn like a stray, needed like air, stopped as if rooted to the spot, remained like a stranded cancer, sharp as a razor, different as heaven from earth, turned pale as a sheet, repeated as if in delirium, you will go like a pretty one, remember your name, hit like a butt on the head, they look like two drops of water, went to the bottom like a stone, devoted like a dog, stuck like bath leaf, to fall like through the ground, disappeared as if sunk into the water, just like a knife through the heart, burned like fire, dispersed like smoke, grow like mushrooms after the rain, fell like snow on the head, fresh as blood with milk, fresh as a cucumber, sat as if on pins and needles, sit as if on coals, sit as if chained, listened as if spellbound, looked as if spellbound, slept like a log, slender as a cypress, hard as a stone, dark as at night, skinny as a skeleton, cowardly as a hare, died like a hero, fell stubborn like a ram, stubborn like a donkey, tired like a dog, lashing like a bucket, walking as if lowered into the water, cold as ice, black as hell, feel at home, staggered like a drunk, walked like an execution etc.

2. In addition, the word "HOW" may be part compound union like... so... or because, as well as turnover since, since, as, as little as possible or more. In such cases, a comma is placed either before " HOW", or before the whole complex union.

For example: He has excellent grades in both Russian and math. This topic is touched upon both in poetry and in prose. Fairy tales are loved by both children and adults. Avoid empty speeches, as their outcome is repentance.

He finished the story while they got to the place. Larisa worked at a hairdresser's while Ivan was graduating from college.

Since the eternal judge
He gave me the omniscience of the prophet,
I read in the eyes of people
Pages of malice and vice.
(M. Yu. Lermontov)

3. In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses after coordinating conjunctions.

For example: It's nice to listen in a warm room to how angry the wind is and how the taiga groans.

4. Union"HOW" can be present in a sentence without attaching any semantic-syntactic block, but only as a means of expressiveness of speech.

For example: We have done our best; I tried to stay with my friends as long as possible; The weight of the luggage seemed to have decreased; I was just about to go to the skating rink etc.

You often read news on the Internet and large serious materials from reputable, respected publications and catch yourself thinking: who is the author of these illiterate lines, where did they study, who taught them to use written Russian so clumsily. In addition to errors in which, unfortunately, even philologists make mistakes, many flaws in the field of syntax and punctuation began to occur in the texts of unfortunate journalists.

Simply put, the question of where to put a comma, whether it is needed here or not, and if it is needed, then why, causes great difficulties for most writers. One gets the impression that they did not study this section of the Russian language either at school or at the university, and they put punctuation marks where there is a pause in the language - that’s where they strive to “stick” their “hook”. But the language is not so simple - it has its own rules. "MIR 24" decided to recall some features of the punctuation of the Russian language.

Punctuation is understood as a system of punctuation marks in the written language, the rules for their setting in writing, as well as a section of grammar that studies these rules. Punctuation makes the syntactic and intonational structure of speech clear, highlighting individual sentences and members of sentences. This greatly facilitates the oral reproduction of the written.

(along with colon and dash) is the most complex sign punctuation. In order to understand whether a comma is placed in this particular sentence, you need to remember a few simple rules. In writing, this sign is used to isolate and isolate participial and participle phrases, definitions, isolations, appeals, interjections, interjections, clarifications and, of course, introductory words.

Also, a comma is used to separate between direct and indirect speech, between parts of a complex, complex and compound sentence, homogeneous members of a sentence.

This punctuation mark is placed either singly or in pairs. Single commas serve to divide the whole sentence into parts, separate these parts, marking their boundaries. For example, in a complex sentence it is necessary to separate two simple parts, and in a simple one - homogeneous members sentences that are used in the enumeration. Paired commas highlight independent part sentences, marking the borders on both sides. On both sides, participial and adverbial phrases, introductory words, and appeals in the middle of a sentence are most often distinguished. To understand where commas are placed, remember a few rules.

The main thing is the meaning

The most important thing is to understand the meaning of the sentence to understand the meaning of the sentence. One of the functions of punctuation marks is to convey the correct semantics. If a comma is placed in the wrong place, the meaning is instantly distorted and a comic effect appears. For example: “Yesterday I was entertaining my sister who was sick of playing the guitar.”

To isolate an independent part of a sentence, it is necessary to read the sentence without this part. If the meaning of the sentence is clear, then the removed part is independent. Commas, as a rule, always stand out adverbial phrases, introductory sentences and words. For example: “The other day it became known that my friend, returning from vacation, forgot her phone in the train car.” If removed from this proposal participial turnover, then its meaning is almost unchanged: “The other day it became known that my friend forgot her phone in the train car.”

However, there are cases when the participle adjoins the predicate and in its meaning becomes similar to the adverb. In such cases, single participles are not distinguished by commas. “What, sir, are you crying? Live laughing ”(A.S. Griboyedov). If the gerund participle is removed from this sentence, it will become incomprehensible.

Insidious treatment

The appeal is always separated by commas in sentences. If it is in the middle or at the end of a sentence, it is not very easy to determine it. For example: Tell me boy, is it far to the city? You are wrong, wife, when you say that Lionel Messi is not a football genius. Well, didn’t you pay attention, sister, that the clock hanging on the wall stopped.

Let's compare

In almost all cases, a comma is placed when it comes to comparative revolutions. It is easy to find in a sentence, mainly due to conjunctions as if, exactly, as, as if, as, rather than than, etc. However, there are exceptions. Comparative turns are not distinguished if they are phraseological units. For example: He seemed to have sunk into the ground. Rain cats and dogs and so on.

Between homogeneous members

A comma is placed between homogeneous members, but not always. A comma is required for conjunctions such as but, yes, but, but, nevertheless. Also, a comma is needed between homogeneous members that are connected by repeating unions (and ... and, or ... or, not that ... not that, either ... or). No need to put a comma between homogeneous members that are connected by single unions yes, and, either, or. In addition, repeating unions in front of homogeneous members of the sentence will help determine where commas are placed.

Difficulties occur when homogeneous and non-homogeneous definitions come across. A comma is necessary between homogeneous definitions. For example: interesting, engaging book. For heterogeneous definitions, a comma is not needed: interesting philosophical novel. The word “interesting” expresses an impression in this phrase, and “philosophical” means that the novel belongs to a particular genre.

Borders of simple sentences

In complex sentences before coordinating conjunctions a comma is placed. These are alliances like and, yes, or, either, yes and. The main thing here is to correctly determine where one simple sentence ends and another begins. To do this, you need to find in each of them grammatical basis(subject and predicate) or divide difficult sentence within the meaning of.

Defined word in participial turnover

A comma is placed in sentences with participial turnover, but also not always. The main thing here is to remember that participles are isolated only if they are after the word being defined. The defined word is the one from which the question is asked to participle turnover. For example: The bus at the bus stop broke down. If this does not happen, the comma is not needed: The bus at the bus stop has broken down.

A comma is always placed before opposing conjunctions - but, yes, ah.

Oh those interjections

Comma statements require affirmative, interrogative, negative words, as well as interjections. A comma is always placed after an interjection: « Grammatically correct speech, alas, is a rarity these days.". But from here, not everything is so simple. Interjection must be distinguished from such particles as ooh, ah, well– they are used for amplification, as well as particles about used in handling. “What are you like!”, "O cover thy pale feet!" (V. Bryusov).

Here, of course, everything is very schematic and brief - Russian punctuation is much more complex and richer. But even these tips, I hope, will help to write correctly and put commas where they are justified by the rules, and not use them where they are not needed. I wish you success in mastering the “great and mighty” and I remind you:

How to pronounce, speak and write correctly - the New Season program will test and teach knowledge on the air of the MIR TV channel from September 3. The program will be aired on button 18 on Sundays at 7:20.

Every week, viewers will be able to learn all the new and Interesting Facts about the "great and mighty". The broadcast will continue to be charismatic Sergei Fedorov, who promises to fill the transfer not only with intelligence, but also with sparkling humor.

Ivan Rakovich

One of the punctuation marks is a comma, which is placed in many cases, but all this should be done according to the rules of Russian spelling. However, there are controversial cases in which, it would seem, a comma is asked for in the text, but in fact it turns out that it is not needed.

Using commas in Russian spelling, the following parts of speech are distinguished:

Participles that have explanatory words next to them and stand after a definite noun, except for those closely adjacent to the verb. An example is the following sentence - "Several nearby mountain peaks, covered with caps of snow, sparkled in the rays of the setting sun."

A comma also necessarily separates the homogeneous members of the sentence, which can be connected using the following pair unions:

1) both - and;

2) not so much - how much;

3) not so much as;

4) as much as;

5) as much as;

6) not only - but also;

7) if not - then;

8) at least - but;

9) although - a.

In all these cases, the comma is simply necessary as a separating punctuation mark, otherwise the semantic load of the sentence itself will be very noticeably distorted.

The same applies to many pronouns, many of which require commas in the sentence. Consider one of the most common pronouns "who", in which cases a comma can and should be placed before it.

The pronoun "who", devoid of its own lexical meaning and semantic load, most often used as a substitute for a noun or adjective. However, it is also possible to substitute a pronoun for an adverb.

Consider the rules for using a comma before the pronoun "who" on the example of a specific sentence - "Many of those who visited this museum remembered the exposition with admiration for a long time." As we can see, the comma in this case will simply be a necessary punctuation mark, because in this context of the sentence it separates two pronouns, and the sentence itself takes on a specific meaning.

And here is an example of another sentence - "On Sunday, my friends and I went to the river and took with us a fishing rod, an inflatable ring for swimming, and a mask and fins for scuba diving." In this example, we can see that only enumerated phrases and parts of a sentence are highlighted with a comma, but there is no comma between the words "with me" and "who".

Therefore, one must always proceed from the context of the sentence, and take into account the rule that a comma is placed between two pronouns in the following cases:

1) Those who.

2) Those who.

3) The one who.

4) Those who.

5) To the one who.

6) About those who.

7) Everyone who.

8) Anyone who.

And in some other cases, a comma is still placed before the pronoun "who".

Thus, having become familiar with the rules of Russian spelling and having studied them properly, a person has the opportunity to competently express his thoughts in writing. But the image of a person is made up of many components and the smallest details, and spelling literacy plays an important role in this. It is difficult to imagine a modern successful businessman who writes with errors - it will look simply ridiculous and ridiculous.

A literate person can be seen immediately, and from the first words it is noticeable what he is like. That is why in many companies, in the process of employment, the job seeker is given a standard questionnaire to fill out - and in this case, your level of literacy and education is also checked, you can be sure of that!

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Dealing with commas before the union "as"

Advice for those who want to learn how to put commas only where necessary

NEED A COMMA 1. I plowed like a galley slave.

it famous saying Vladimir Putin illustrates the rule very well: a comma is placed if the sentence contains a circumstance expressed by a comparative turnover that begins with a union how.

Note: Do not forget that if the sentence continues, then after the comparative turnover, you must also put a comma.

COMMA NEED NOT 1. They act like owners here.

This phrase can often be heard in relation to visitors. A comma is not needed here, because the turnover is part of the predicate: a sentence without such a turnover does not make sense. Similar example: "She carries herself like a mistress."

COMMA NEED 2. - Okay, let's say you don't remember how you got on the plane. But how did you get out of there, you should have remembered?!
“I-remember d-should…but I don’t r-remember…”

This fragment from The Irony of Fate illustrates another rule: a comma is needed if the union connects parts of a complex sentence.

COMMA NEED NOT 2. Everything will be like clockwork: at first, singing every evening, then the pipes will freeze in the toilets, then the boiler in the steam heating will burst, and so on ...

This quote is from the movie dog's heart” illustrates the following rule: the comma is not put if the turnover with how is part of a phraseological unit, that is, a stable expression.

Other examples: sitting on pins and needles, pouring like a bucket.

COMMA NEED 3. You're right, as always, you old monkey. !

Mowgli's saying from The Jungle Book helps us remember that turnover as always separated by commas. Turnovers are also separated usually, to as an exception, as a consequence, as always, as now, as on purpose, as for example, as now.

COMMA NEED NOT 3.Lake like a mirror, snow like a blanket, arms like wings .

These small sentences the comma is not put, because the union is between the subject and the predicate, and it could be replaced by a dash: hands are wings.

COMMA NEED 4. As a doctor, it is my duty to warn you of the danger .

A comma is placed if the turnover has a tinge of causal meaning (I declare because I am a doctor).

Truth, there are more complex cases: for example, the famous quote from the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin": "Lensky was accepted everywhere how groom". Two interpretations are possible here: accepted by the groom and accepted because he was the groom.
Pushkin does not have a comma.

COMMA NEED NOT 4. We don't have everything how in people.

This sacramental the phrase that each of us says almost every day illustrates the following rule: a comma is not put if the turnover with the union how preceded by a negative particle not, as well as the words quite, absolutely, almost, almost, exactly, exactly, simply.

Remember Chekhov: "Your brooch looks like a bee."

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Extra signs punctuation is as much a mistake as missing ones. Commas are the most insidious of them, because subconsciously it seems that the more of them, the better. The American writer Timothy Dexter also knew about this, who in 1802 wrote a novel without punctuation marks, where he offered to arrange them for readers as they wish.

We are in website collected words that are tempting to highlight with commas, because they are very similar to introductory constructions. But commas are not allowed for these words. Well, maybe just one. Let's figure it out to remember once and for all.

1. Allegedly

This supposedly introductory word is actually not. If this is a particle that means doubt, then it is never separated by commas on both sides. If "allegedly" acts as a union, then it is separated by a comma from the other part of the sentence. For example: “I often dreamed that it was already summer.”

2. In extreme, as well as any, our, your, their case

Even in the most extreme case, a comma is not useful. These adverbial expressions are never introductory, and a comma is not needed after them in the sentence either.

3. Just in case

If you want to put a comma just in case, then you do not need to do this. This is an adverbial expression, and usually it is so closely related to other members of the sentence that it does not require commas.

4. Especially

This word is a little special, because a comma can appear next to it, but only when we want to highlight the entire phrase in which we explain or clarify something. For example: "My relatives have always considered me talented, especially my grandmother, who sincerely believes that I will be a great singer." Separately, "especially" is never separated by commas.

5. Hardly

You are unlikely to forget this insidious particle when you understand 2 rules - it is always written separately and never separated by commas, no matter where it is in the sentence.

6. Of course

Be sure to remember this word, as it is very similar to ordinary introductory words that can be removed from a sentence without losing its meaning. But it is never separated by commas and can be said to be an exception.

7. Meanwhile

Meanwhile, this phrase should not be confused with another very similar and introductory: "by the way." “Meanwhile” is most often a circumstance of time, that is, it answers the question “when?” or "how long?". This means that its loss in the sentence will be noticeable - unlike introductory words. The phrase can also be a union, then a comma should be placed only before it.

For example: "Help could arrive only from the other side of the island, meanwhile, the narrow path was not visible from here, which means that people are not visible either."

8. Once

Once a comma can be incorrectly put by a literate person. This is another word to which you can ask the question “when?”, which means that it carries a semantic load in the sentence and will not be highlighted with commas.

9. That is