MESSAGE
from the experience of a speech therapist
Nadymova Ludmila Ivanovna
on the topic "The development of articulatory motor skills in children with speech impairment as effective remedy correction of sound pronunciation"
With. Menshchikovo, 2015
TOPIC: The development of articulatory motor skills in children with speech disorders as an effective means of correcting sound pronunciation
Any of us came into the world on this
Do good, hope, love,
Laugh, cry, but with all this
We must learn to SPEAK.
E. Akhaltseva
Sound pronunciation disorders in children is a fairly well-studied section in speech therapy, and the methodology for overcoming them is basically developed. But, despite this, there is reason to raise the question of the need for further research on techniques and methods that activate the mental and practical activities of children, contributing to an increase in the efficiency of overcoming sound pronunciation disorders.
Working with children at the preschool speech center with a variety of speech deviations (ONR, FFNR, FNR), I encountered a problem that is very often observed in speech pathologists. This problem lies in the long period of automation and differentiation of the delivered sounds.
This problem occurs for various reasons, one of the reasons is the insufficient development of articulatory motor skills.
Relevance chosen topic is that overcoming speech disorders in preschool age is of great importance in the subsequent life of the child. Deficiencies in sound pronunciation can cause deviations in the development of such mental processes as memory, thinking, imagination, as well as form an inferiority complex, expressed in communication difficulties.
Target: development of articulatory motor skills of preschoolers, contributing to the elimination of pronunciation deficiencies.
Tasks:
Improving the development of articulatory motor skills through articulation exercises.
To choose effective methods for the formation of pronunciation abilities of preschoolers.
To increase the competence of parents in the importance of articulation exercises.
Speech is not an innate ability, it is formed gradually and its development depends on many factors. One of the conditions for the normal formation of sound pronunciation is the full-fledged work of the articulatory apparatus. Disorder of the mobility of the articulatory organs is one of the key problems in the occurrence of disorders in the pronunciation of sounds. Without the restoration of impaired functions, we cannot hope to correct the speech defect. Therefore, specialists pay a lot of time and attention to articulatory motor skills.
Theorists and practitioners specializing in speech disorders (M.E. Khvattsev, O.V. Pravdina, M.F. Fomicheva, L.S. Volkova, T.B. Filicheva, etc.) dealt with the development of articulatory motor skills. In the special speech therapy literature, the significance of the work on the development of the motor skills of the articulatory organs for the formation of the correct sound pronunciation is quite fully disclosed, descriptions and guidelines for the implementation of complexes special exercises.
Work on the development of the main movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is carried out in the form articulatory gymnastics.
The purpose of articulation gymnastics - development of full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus necessary for correct pronunciation sounds.
Articulatory gymnastics includes exercises for training mobility and switching organs, working out certain positions of the lips, tongue, necessary for the correct pronunciation of all sounds.
The whole system of articulation gymnastics is divided into two types of exercises:
Static, aimed at maintaining a certain articulatory posture;
Dynamic, requiring repeated repetition of the same type of movement.
When performing the exercise, children gradually develop the patterns necessary to consolidate certain groups of sounds (whistling, hissing, sonorous).
One of the most important recommendations for articulation gymnastics is the daily repetition of articulation exercises. But fatigue, instability and short duration of attention, lack of interest in organized activities, low motivation, reduce children's interest in daily activities, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of articulation exercises. Therefore, it is extremely important to create conditions for the organization of dynamic, emotional, pleasant, tireless and varied activities that contribute to the development of game motivation, children's interest in work, which is especially important within the framework of federal state educational standards. The development and implementation of variable models and forms of speech therapy help ensure its availability and high quality for kids.
The use of gaming methods and techniques allows children to form a steady interest in performing articulation gymnastics exercises and significantly improves the result. corrective work on the formation of correct sound pronunciation in children. M.F. Fomicheva in the book “Educating Children to Correct Pronunciation” noted that it is best to carry out articulation gymnastics in a playful way, because this is the main activity of children preschool age. She offered to accompany each exercise with a subject or plot picture. This allows the child to master articulation gymnastics faster and more successfully. And this means that the process of development of articulatory motor skills is more active, overcoming difficulties is easier.
In order to inform parents about the forms and methods of preparing children’s articulation organs for correct pronunciation, a seminar was organized for parents: “Articulation gymnastics at home”, open classes with preschoolers, conversations (individual, subgroup), consultations “Fitness for the tongue”, “How to do articulation gymnastics”, “What articulation gymnastics is for”, photo presentations, memos and booklets with exercises were made.
It is quite obvious that it is possible to realize the set tasks only by clearly coordinating the work of a speech therapist and teachers.
Correction of the sound-producing side of speech is a long process; and to make it interesting, consultations were held for teachers: “Exercising with a tongue: exercises for children of preparatory age”, “Tongue traveler”, “Articulation gymnastics for kids”, a workshop “Articulation gymnastics is an effective means of correcting sound pronunciation in children with speech disorders”, memos and booklets with exercises were made.
At present, there are various complexes of articulatory gymnastics. "Articulation gymnastics for girls" and "Articulation gymnastics for boys" N.V. Nishcheva, O.A. Novikovskaya "Merry exercises for the tongue" and many others. The authors of these manuals propose to optimize speech therapy work on the formation of the correct sound pronunciation. Interesting stories, fairy tales and playing them with the help of articulation gymnastics are perceived by children with great interest.
Taking into account the leading activity of preschool children and in order to increase interest in performing articulation exercises, I have produced and tested the game manual "Articulation gymnastics with a Cheerful Tongue". The manual was made on the basis of the content of the book "Lessons of a speech therapist" by E.M. Kosinova,it consists of a stand and symbol pictures for all articulatory controls. There is a card file with a description of all the exercises and guidelines for their implementation.
The stand depicts a forest path along which the Tongue "travels". Pictures are made of magnetic vinyl. The stand and pictures are laminated, which allows for sanitization of the manual. The manual made in this way looks bright and aesthetically pleasing, practical in work, resistant to wear and damage. The possibility of manipulating picture-symbols arouses in children a lively, unquenchable interest in articulation exercises.
The magnetic method of fastening is very interesting for children, they are happy to attach and remove pictures from the stand. This activity contributes to the development fine motor skills hands
With the help of this manual, you can beat the complex of articulatory gymnastics for any group of sounds, subordinating it to a fairy-tale or game plot. Children gladly come to the aid of Tongue and help him complete some task, go for a walk with him, save him from trouble.
Work with the manual begins with the very first lessons of the preparatory stage of work to correct incorrect pronunciation. With the help of the protagonist of the Tongue, children get acquainted with the structure of the articulatory apparatus, learn about the benefits of exercises for the tongue and other organs of articulation, and learn to perform these exercises.
Since the exercises should be performed in front of a mirror, I consider it appropriate to place the manual near the mirror in the zone individual work. The manual fit very organically into the interior of the speech therapy room and became a functional element of the subject-developing environment.
Classes in articulatory gymnastics are held according to a certain pattern. On the table in front of the child are pictures - symbols. Following the plot of the fairy tale, the necessary pictures are selected, the exercise is performed and the picture is attached to the stand-path. After performing articulatory gymnastics, a conversation is held according to a fairy tale - we remember where the Tongue went, what he did, whom he met, etc. In the first lessons, the exercises are performed in the sequence proposed by the speech therapist. In subsequent lessons, children independently choose the sequence of exercises, independently come up with a plot. It promotes the development of children's imagination and fantasy.
Also, with the help of this manual, you can work on the development of the lexical and grammatical side of speech - learn to use spatial prepositions in speech (for, on, in, under, over, from under, etc.). Children really like to play with pictures, and after the end of the lesson they play for a few more minutes, voicing all their actions, which contributes to the development of coherent speech.
The use of a game aid allows you to make classes interactive, interesting, exciting, emotionally comfortable. The child does not notice that he is being taught. And this means that the process of development of articulatory motor skills proceeds more actively, faster.
Having completed the exercises of articulation gymnastics in class, the child, returning to the group, tells a new fairy tale to his friends, and at home to his parents. This contributes to the repeated unobtrusive repetition of a set of articulation exercises.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ongoing work on the development of articulatory motor skills is carried out on the basis of diagnostics carried out at the beginning and at the end school year. Examination of articulatory motility is carried out in the form of diagnostic tests using verbal instructions, a sample, a display. By the end of the school year, children with speech disorders significantly improve mobility, endurance, and accuracy of movements of the active muscles of the articulatory apparatus.
The successful use of the game aid when performing articulation gymnastics allows achieving high results in the development of children's speech.
I hope that the presented manual will arouse the interest of speech therapists, and most importantly, will be useful in their work aimed at the prevention and correction of sound pronunciation defects in children.
Literature
1. Kosinova E.M. "Lessons of a speech therapist": games for the development of speech. – M.: Eksmo: OLISS, 2011.
2. Zhuravleva A.E. "Home speech therapy". – M.: Eksmo, 2012.
3. Tkachenko T.A. " Speech therapy exercises". – M.: Eksmo, 2013.
4. Krupenchuk O.I. Vorobieva T.A. "Correct pronunciation": A comprehensive method for correcting articulation disorders. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Litera", 2013.
5. GEF DO (Federal State educational standard preschool education), approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation(Ministry of Education and Science of Russia) dated October 17, 2013 No. 1155.
6. Internet resources.
7. Speech therapy: Textbook for students defectol. fak. ped. universities / Ed. L.S. Volkova, S.N. Shakhovskoy - M .: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 1998.
8. Fomicheva M.F. Education in children of the correct sound pronunciation: Workshop on speech therapy: Proc. allowance for students ped. uch-sch on special. No. 03.08 “Doshk. education "- M .: Education, 1989.
Purpose of the event:
To increase the effectiveness of correctional work by actively involving parents in the process of overcoming speech disorders in children.
Tasks:
- to increase the level of pedagogical competence of parents in matters of
speech development children;
- introduce the concept of articulatory motor skills, gymnastics;
- inform parents that the production of sounds in children during
largely depends on the correct implementation of certain complexes
articulatory gymnastics;
- teach to perform special exercises for articulation
apparatus necessary for the pronunciation of hissing sounds;
- to teach playing techniques for performing articulatory gymnastics.
Equipment:
computer, projector, multimedia presentations PowerPoint: "The formation of articulatory motor skills on speech therapy classes"," Walk for the tongue "; badges for parents, individual mirrors, cotton wool, discs with articulation tales.
logo training program.
Teacher speech therapist: Good evening dear parents!
Today we will talk about the importance of articulatory gymnastics in correcting sound pronunciation. Let's learn some special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, developing strength, mobility and differentiation of the movements of the organs involved in the speech process. In addition, I will demonstrate to you some of the techniques for the formation of articulatory motor skills in speech therapy classes.
The message is accompanied by a demonstration of the presentation "Formation of articulatory motility in speech therapy classes."
Teacher speech therapist: Pronunciation of speech sounds is a complex motor skill that needs to be purposefully taught to children.
Correction of sound pronunciation is carried out according to the following scheme:
- Preparatory stage, aimed at the formation of the correct articulation mode in the process of performing articulation exercises; stage of sound production; stage of sound automation in various phonetic conditions of pronunciation and differentiation of sounds similar in acoustic and articulatory properties.
- Accuracy, strength and differentiation of fine articulatory movements develop gradually in a child. For clear articulation, strong, elastic and mobile speech organs are needed - tongue, lips, soft palate. Articulation is associated with the work of numerous muscles, including chewing, swallowing, mimic. The process of voice formation occurs with the participation of the respiratory organs (larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles). Thus, speaking of special speech therapy gymnastics, one should keep in mind the exercises of numerous organs and muscles of the face, mouth, neck, shoulder girdle, and chest. The method of educating sound pronunciation through specific gymnastics is recognized by a number of well-known theorists and practitioners specializing in speech disorders (M.E. Khvattsev, O.V. Pravdina, M.V. Fomicheva, etc.).
- Articulatory motor skills, gymnastics - this is a set of special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, developing strength, mobility and differentiation of the movements of the organs involved in the speech process.
- The purpose of articulation gymnastics development of full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, the ability to combine simple movements into complex ones.
The principle of selection of articulation exercises is the nature of the pronunciation defect. For each child, I compose a set of exercises individually, based on the task, to achieve the correct articulation of sound, taking into account its specific violation in the child. It is not enough just to select the movements that need correction, it is important to teach each child to correctly apply the appropriate movements. That is, to develop accuracy, purity, smoothness, strength, pace, stability of the transition from one movement to another. Let's expand on these concepts.
- The accuracy of the movement of the speech organ determined by the correctness of the final result, which can be assessed by the final location and shape of this organ.
- Smoothness and ease of movement involve movements without jerks, twitches, tremors of the organ (muscle tension always disrupts the smoothness and softness of movement); the movement must be made without auxiliary or accompanying movements in other organs.
- Pace is the speed of movement. At first, the movement is made somewhat slowly, the speech therapist adjusts the pace by tapping with his hand or counting out loud, gradually speeding it up. Then the pace of movement should become arbitrary - fast or slow.
- Sustainability of the end result means that the resulting position of the organ is held unchanged for an arbitrarily long time.
Transition (switching) to another movement and position should be done smoothly and quickly enough.
First, the exercises are performed at a slow pace in front of a mirror, i.e. to achieve the final result, visual self-control is used.
After the children learned to perform movements, the mirror was removed, the control functions were taken over by the child's own kinesthetic sensations (sensations of movement and position of the organs of the articulatory apparatus).
Any exercise should not bring the body to overwork.
Performing articulatory gymnastics exercises requires a child to spend a lot of energy, a certain amount of effort and patience. So that the child does not lose interest in the work performed, articulatory gymnastics should not be carried out according to a template, boring.
A prerequisite for success is the creation of favorable conditions. I try to involve children in an active process, create an appropriate emotional mood, arouse keen interest, a positive attitude towards classes, and the desire to do the exercises correctly.
For this, in addition to the game, as the main activity of children, and classes, I use computer technology 2 times a week. The electronic manual helps to significantly increase interest in the correctional process.
Thus, in the formation of correct articulatory structures in children, new stable pronunciation conditionally associative connections are activated, which contribute to the development of reverse afferentation and the motor link of the speech system as a whole.
In addition, for the formation of articulatory motor skills, I use sets of exercises that help prepare the organs of articulation for sound production.
For example, I will give a set of exercises for hissing sounds.
For each exercise, a picture-image was selected. The picture serves as a model for the child to imitate any object or its movements when performing articulatory gymnastics exercises. (Exercises: pancake, knead dough, cup, delicious jam, parachute, horse, house painter)
Another interesting presentation of articulation gymnastics is a fairy tale.
So, I suggest you visit the fairy tale with your children.
Viewing a computer presentation "Tongue Walk" and performing appropriate exercises in front of individual mirrors with the children.
Parents sit at tables on which are mirrors, aids for breathing exercises. Speech therapist showing copyright through a projectorfairy tale - the presentation "Walk for the tongue" demonstrates the correct implementation of articulation exercises. Parents together with their children, taking mirrors in their hands, follow all the instructions of the speech therapist, ask questions if something is not clear. 
At the end of the logo training, parents share their impressions.
Teacher speech therapist: Dear parents! Thank you for your cooperation. As a memento of our meeting, we are handing you a disk with articulation tales, for classes with children at home. On this positive note, our logo training ends. I wish you success and joy in communicating with your children.
MBDOU Center for Child Development - kindergarten"Spring"
Tommot, Aldan district, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
The development of articulatory motor skills in preschool childrenSpeech sounds are formed as a result of a complex set of movements of the articulatory organs. Articulation is associated with the work of numerous muscles, including: chewing, swallowing, mimic. The process of voice formation occurs with the participation of the respiratory organs (larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles). For clear articulation, strong, elastic and mobile organs of speech are needed - tongue, lips, palate. It is possible to achieve a clear pronunciation of sounds, words, phrases only if the organs of the articulatory apparatus are sufficiently mobile, their ability to rebuild and work in a coordinated manner.
Work on the development of the main movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is carried out in the form articulatory gymnastics.
Articulation gymnastics - this is a set of special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, developing strength, mobility and differentiation of the movements of the organs involved in the speech process.
The purpose of articulation gymnastics - development of full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulation apparatus, necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.
Articulation gymnastics is the basis for the formation speech sounds- phonemes - and correction of violations of sound pronunciation of any etiology and pathogenesis. It includes exercises for training the mobility of the organs of the articulation apparatus, working out certain positions of the lips, tongue, soft palate, necessary for the correct pronunciation of both all sounds and each sound of a particular group.
In order to choose the right exercises for articulatory gymnastics, you need to know what movements are characteristic of various organs of the articulatory apparatus.
The most mobile speech organ is language . It consists of:
tongue root- the base by which the tongue is attached to the hyoid bone;
back of the tongue, which distinguishes back, middle and front. Of particular note Tip of the tongue, which ends the front of the tongue, and side edges front and middle parts of the tongue, because the quality of pronunciation of sounds depends on their work.
Tip of the tongue maybe:
drop behind the lower teeth (as in the pronunciation of whistling sounds)
rise by the upper teeth (as when pronouncing sounds [t], [d], [n])
cling to the alveoli (as with the sound [l])
vibrate under the pressure of the exhaled jet (at the sound [R])
rise up without the participation of the tip of the tongue to the alveoli and form a gap with them (as with sounds [s], [s], [c]);
rise to the sky with the tip of the tongue and form a gap with the hard palate (when pronouncing hissing sounds).
Back of the tongue maybe
rise and close with the palate (as with sounds [k], [g]);
form a gap with the palate (as with sounds [X]).
to press against the inner surface of the molars and not let the outgoing air flow into the side (as with sounds [s], [s], [c], [w], [g], [h], [u], [p])
descend and pass a stream of air sideways (as with the sound [l]).
Mobility lips also plays a role in the formation of sounds. Lips can:
stretch out into a tube (as with the sound [y])
round off (as in the sound [about])
expose the front upper and lower incisors (as with sounds [s], [s], [c], [l], etc.)
move slightly forward (as in the sound [w], [w])
to merge with the upper lip (as with sounds [p], [b], [m]);
form a gap, approaching the upper teeth (as with sounds [v], [f]).
Soft sky can go up and down. When the soft palate is lowered, the exhaled stream of air passes through the nose (this is how nasal sounds are formed [m], [m], [n], [n]). If the soft palate is raised. Then it is pressed against the back wall of the pharynx and closes the passage to the nose; the exhaled stream of air goes only through the mouth, and oral sounds are formed (all but [m], [m], [n], [n]).
Thus, when pronouncing various sounds each organ involved in the speech process occupies a certain position
It is necessary to carry out articulation gymnastics daily so that the skills developed in children are consolidated and become stronger. It is better to do the exercises 3-4 times a day for 3-5 minutes. Do not offer children more than 2-3 exercises at a time. Each exercise is performed 5-7 times.
It is better to carry out articulatory gymnastics before general morning exercises or before breakfast (lunch). After eating, speech exercises can cause a gag reflex. Articulation exercises can be included in the sound culture speech. At home, exercises can be done before bed in the evening.
Exercise should not bring the organs of articulation to overwork. The first sign of fatigue is a decrease in the quality of movement, which is an indication for a temporary cessation of this exercise.
When selecting exercises for articulation gymnastics, you must follow a certain sequence, go from simple exercises to more complex ones. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way.
Of the two or three exercises performed, only one can be new, the second and third are given for repetition and consolidation. If the child performs some exercise not well enough, new exercises should not be introduced, it is better to work out the old material. To consolidate it, you can come up with new game techniques.
Articulatory gymnastics is performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position. Children can sit at tables or in a semicircle in front of the teacher.
The child must see the adult's face well, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, a child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulation gymnastics. Also, the child can use a small hand mirror (approximately 9x12 cm), but then the adult should be opposite the child facing him. The teacher performs the exercise in front of the mirror together with the child, so an adult must be able to show the correct articulation and feel the positions and movements of the organs of his articulation apparatus without visual control, which requires a certain skill and is achieved through training.
Articulation gymnastics should always begin with practicing the basic movements and positions of the lips, tongue, necessary for a clear, correct pronunciation of all sounds.
In any exercise, all movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus are carried out sequentially, with pauses before each new movement, so that the adult can control the quality of the performance, and the child can feel, realize, control and remember his actions.
At first, the exercises are performed at a slow pace. The teacher can adjust the pace by tapping with his hand or counting out loud, gradually speeding it up. Then the pace of movements should become arbitrary - fast or slow.
An adult conducting articulatory gymnastics should monitor the quality of the movements performed by the child: accuracy of movement, smoothness, pace of execution, stability, transition from one movement to another. It is also important to ensure that the movements of each organ of articulation are performed symmetrically in relation to the right and left sides of the face. Otherwise, articulatory gymnastics does not achieve its goal.
If the child does not get some kind of movement, help him (with a spatula, a teaspoon handle or just a clean finger).
In order for the child to find the correct position of the tongue, for example, lick the upper lip, spread it with jam, chocolate, or something else that your child loves. Get creative with the exercises.
There are two types of articulation exercises:
static exercises - are aimed at ensuring that the child learns to hold the articulatory position for 6-10 seconds.
dynamic exercises - represent a rhythmic repetition of movements 6-8 times and contribute to the development of the mobility of the tongue and lips, their coordination and switchability.
Work on each exercise goes in a certain sequence:
a story about the upcoming exercise using game techniques:
exercise demonstration;
exercise by children in front of a mirror;
checking the correctness of execution, indicating errors;
performing the exercise without a mirror (based on your own kinesthetic sensations).
Regular performance of articulatory gymnastics will help:
improve the blood supply to the articulatory organs and their innervation (nerve conduction);
improve the mobility of articulatory organs;
strengthen the muscular system of the tongue, lips, cheeks;
teach the child to hold a certain articulatory posture;
increase the range of motion;
reduce spasticity (tension) of the articulatory organs;
prepare speech apparatus child to the correct pronunciation of sounds.
All exercises of articulation gymnastics are combined into complexes to develop certain groups of sounds or to work out the basic movements and positions necessary for a clear, correct pronunciation of all sounds.
Lip exercises
Smile- keeping the lips in a smile, the teeth are not visible.
Proboscis (Tube)- stretching the lips forward with a long tube.
small fence- lips in a smile, teeth are closed in a natural bite and are visible.
Bagel (Speaker, Beak)- the teeth are closed, the lips are rounded and slightly extended forward, the upper and lower incisors are visible.
Fence - Bagel. Smile - Proboscis. - alternating positions of the lips.
Rabbit. - the teeth are closed. The upper lip is raised and exposes the upper incisors.
Exercises to develop lip mobility
Biting and scratching first the upper and then the lower lip with the teeth.
Smile - Tube- stretch your lips forward with a tube, then stretch your lips into a smile.
Piglet- move the lips elongated with a tube to the right and left, rotate in a circle.
The fish are talking- clap your lips against each other (a dull sound is pronounced).
Squeeze the upper lip behind the nasolabial fold with the thumb and forefingers of one hand and the lower lip with two fingers of the other hand and stretch them up and down.
Pull your cheeks inward strongly, and then sharply open your mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, the characteristic sound of a "kiss" is heard.
duck- stretch the lips, squeeze them so that the thumbs are under the lower lip, and all the rest on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to portray the beak of a duck.
Disgruntled horse- the flow of exhaled air is easily and actively sent to the lips until they begin to vibrate. It makes a sound similar to the snorting of a horse.
The mouth is wide open, the lips are retracted into the mouth, tightly pressed against the teeth.
inflate your cheeks strongly, holding the air in your mouth with all your might,
holding a pencil (plastic tube) with your lips, draw a circle (square),
hold a gauze napkin with your lips - an adult tries to pull it out.
Exercises for lips and cheeks
Biting, patting and rubbing the cheeks.
Well-fed hamster- inflate both cheeks, then inflate the cheeks alternately.
Hungry hamster- draw in the cheeks.
The mouth is closed. To beat with a fist on inflated cheeks, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.
Static exercises for the tongue
Chicks- the mouth is wide open, the tongue lies quietly in the oral cavity.
Spatula- the mouth is open, a wide relaxed tongue lies on the lower lip.
Cup- the mouth is wide open, the anterior and lateral edges of the wide tongue are raised, but do not touch the teeth.
Needle(Arrow. Sting) - the mouth is open, the narrow tense tongue is pushed forward.
Gorka (Pussy is angry)- the mouth is open, the tip of the tongue rests on the lower incisors, the back of the tongue is raised up.
tubule- the mouth is open, the lateral edges of the tongue are bent up.
Fungus- the mouth is open, the tongue is sucked to the palate.
Dynamic tongue exercises .
Clock (Pendulum)- the mouth is slightly open, the lips are stretched into a smile, with the tip of a narrow tongue, alternately stretch under the teacher's account to the corners of the mouth.
snake- the mouth is wide open, the narrow tongue is strongly pushed forward and removed deep into the mouth.
Swing- the mouth is open, with a tense tongue reach for the nose and chin, or for the upper and lower incisors.
Football (Hide the candy)- the mouth is closed, with a tense tongue rest against one or the other cheek.
Teeth cleaning- the mouth is closed, circle the tongue between the lips and teeth in a circular motion.
Coil- the mouth is open, the tip of the tongue rests against the lower incisors, the lateral edges are pressed against the upper molars, the wide tongue rolls forward and retracts deep into the mouth.
horse- stick the tongue to the palate, click the tongue, click slowly and strongly, pull the hyoid ligament.
Harmonic- the mouth is open, stick the tongue to the palate, without lifting the tongue from the palate, strongly pull the lower jaw down.
Painter- the mouth is open, with a wide tip of the tongue, like a brush, we lead from the upper incisors to the soft palate.
delicious jam- mouth open, lick the upper lip with a wide tongue and remove the tongue deep into the mouth.
Lick your lips- mouth ajar, lick first the upper, then the lower lip in a circle.
Exercises for the development of mobility of the lower jaw
cowardly chick- open and close your mouth wide so that the corners of your lips stretch. The jaw drops to about two finger widths. The tongue - "chick" sits in the nest and does not protrude. The exercise is performed rhythmically.
sharks- on the count of "one" the jaw drops, on "two" - the jaw moves to the right (mouth is open), on the count of "three" - the jaw is lowered into place, on "four" - the jaw moves to the left, on "five" - the jaw is lowered, on "six" - the jaw moves forward, on "seven" - the chin is in the usual comfortable position, the lips are closed. You need to do the exercise slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.
Imitation of chewing with closed and open mouth.
A monkey- the jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin.
angry lion- the jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin and the mental pronunciation of the sounds a or e on a solid attack, more difficult - with a whisper of pronouncing these sounds.
Strongman- the mouth is open; imagine that a load is hung on the chin, which must be lifted up, while raising the chin and tensing the muscles under it. Gradually close your mouth; to relax.
Put your hands on the table, put your palms on top of each other, rest your chin on your palms. Opening your mouth, press your chin on the resisting palms. To relax.
Lower the jaw down overcoming resistance (an adult holds a hand under the child's jaw).
Open the mouth with the head tilted back overcoming the resistance of the adult's hand lying on the back of the child's head.
teasers- widely, often open your mouth and say: pa-pa-pa.
Silently, lingering (on one exhale), pronounce the vowel sounds:
i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i(the distance between the teeth in two fingers);
oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh
yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo(distance between teeth in one finger);
and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and(mouth slightly open).
Pronounce vowel sounds with your voice:
i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i
oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh
yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo-yo
and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-and
Pronounce several vowel sounds in one exhalation together and drawlingly:
a-a-a-a-a-e-e-e-e-e
a-a-a-a-a-i-i-i-i-i
i-i-i-i-i-a-a-a-a-a
oh-oh-oh-oh-i-i-i-i-i
a-a-a-a-a-i-i-i-i-i-i-o-o-o-o-o
i-i-i-i-i-e-e-e-e-e-e-a-a-a-a-a
a-a-a-a-a-i-i-i-i-i-e-e-e-e-e-o-o-o-o-o-o etc.
Make sure that when pronouncing sounds, the opening of the mouth is sufficiently full.
Say proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters that are saturated with vowel sounds that require a wide opening of the mouth.
Two of a Kind.
Found a scythe on a stone.
Know the edge, don't fall.
What is the fisherman, such is the fish.
Under the lying stone the water is not flowing.
The snake is stingy, the hedgehog has a hedgehog.
In the process of doing the exercises, make sure that the lower jaw falls freely down, first pronounce vowel sounds a little underlined.
Training the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate
Yawn with open and closed mouth.
Cough voluntarily.
Cough with tongue hanging out.
Simulate gargling with head thrown back.
Swallow water in small portions (20 - 30 sips).
Inflate cheeks with pinched nose.
Slowly pronounce the sounds k, g, t, d.
Imitate:
moan
lowing,
whistling.
Tilt your head back to overcome resistance. The adult holds his hand on the back of the child's head.
Throw back and lower the head with a strong pressure on the fists of both hands with the chin.
Push the tongue to the chin, pull it into the mouth with overcoming resistance. The adult tries to keep the child's tongue out of the mouth.
pronounce vowel sounds a, uh, and, oh, u on a hard attack.
Pronounce while holding the tip of the protruding tongue with your fingers, and-a. Sound [and] separated from the sound [a] pause.
Inflate rubber toys, blow bubbles.
[R]
Whose teeth are cleaner?
Description: Open your mouth wide and use the tip of your tongue to “clean” your upper teeth from the inside, moving your tongue from side to side.
Attention!
lips in a smile, upper and lower teeth are visible.
make sure that the tip of the tongue does not protrude, does not bend inward, but is located at the roots of the upper teeth.
the lower jaw is motionless; only the language works.
Painter
Description: smile, open your mouth and "stroke" the palate with the tip of your tongue, making back and forth movements with your tongue.
Attention!
lips and lower jaw must be motionless.
make sure that the tip of the tongue reaches the inner surface of the upper teeth as it moves forward and does not protrude from the mouth.
Who will hit the ball next?
Description: smile, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if pronouncing a long sound [f], blow off the cotton wool on the opposite edge of the table.
Attention!
cheeks cannot be puffed out.
make sure the child makes the sound [f] and not the sound [x], i.e. so that the air stream is narrow, not scattered.
delicious jam
Description:
Attention!
Turkey
Description: bl-bl(like a turkey chattering).
Attention!
make sure that the movements of the tongue are back and forth, and not from side to side.
Drummers
Description: smile, open your mouth and tap the upper alveoli with the tip of your tongue, repeatedly and distinctly pronouncing a sound reminiscent of English sound [e]. Sound first [ d] pronounce slowly, gradually increase the tempo.
Attention!
the mouth should be open all the time, lips in a smile, the lower jaw is motionless; only the language works.
make sure the sound [e] had the character of a clear blow, was not squelching.
the tip of the tongue should not tuck.
sound [e] it is necessary to pronounce so that the exhaled air stream is felt; To do this, you need to bring a piece of cotton wool to your mouth. when performed correctly, the exercise will deviate.
A set of exercises to develop the correct pronunciation of sound [l]
Punish the naughty tongue
Description: pya-pya-pya.... Keep a wide tongue in a calm position, with your mouth open, counting from one to five to ten.
Attention!
delicious jam
Description: slightly open your mouth and lick the upper lip with the wide front edge of the tongue, moving the tongue from top to bottom, but not from side to side.
Attention!
make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw does not help, does not "plant" the tongue up - it must be motionless (you can hold it with your finger).
the tongue should be wide, its lateral edges touching the corners of the mouth.
The steamer is humming
Description: open your mouth and pronounce a sound for a long time [s](as the ship hums).
Attention!
make sure that the tip of the tongue is lowered and is in the depths of the mouth, and the back is raised to the sky.
Turkey
Description: open your mouth, put your tongue on your upper lip and make movements with the wide front edge of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, trying not to tear your tongue from your lip - as if stroking it. First, make slow movements, then speed up the pace and add voice until you hear bl-bl(like a turkey bolobochet).
Attention!
make sure that the tongue is wide and not narrowed.
so that the movements of the tongue are back and forth, and not from side to side.
the tongue should "lick" the upper lip, and not be thrown forward.
Swing
Description: smile, show teeth, open your mouth, put a wide tongue behind the lower teeth (on the inside) and hold in this position for a count of one to five. So alternately change the position of the tongue 4-6 times.
Attention!
make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw and lips remain motionless.
horse
Description: smile, show teeth, open your mouth and click the tip of your tongue (like a horse clattering its hooves).
Attention!
the exercise is first performed at a slow pace, then faster.
the lower jaw should not move; only the language works.
make sure that the tip of the tongue does not turn inward, i.e. so that the child clicks his tongue, not smack.
The horse rides quietly
Description: the child should make the same movements with the tongue as in the previous exercise, only silently.
Attention!
make sure that the lower jaw and lips are motionless: only the tongue performs the exercise.
the tip of the tongue should not curl inward.
the tip of the tongue rests on the palate behind the upper teeth, and does not protrude from the mouth.
The breeze is blowing
Description: smile, open your mouth, bite the tip of your tongue with your front teeth and blow. Check the presence and direction of the air jet with a cotton swab.
Attention!
make sure that the air does not come out in the middle, but from the corners of the mouth.
A set of exercises to develop the correct pronunciation
hissing sounds ([w], [g], [u], [h])
Punish the naughty tongue
Description: slightly open your mouth, calmly put your tongue on your lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, make sounds pya-pya-pya... Keep a wide tongue in a calm position, with your mouth open, counting from one to five to ten.
Attention!
the lower lip should not be tucked up and pulled over the lower teeth.
the tongue should be wide, its edges touching the corners of the mouth.
you need to pat your tongue with your lips several times on one exhale; make sure that the child does not retain the exhaled air.
Make the language wide
Description: smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip. Hold it in this position for a count of one to five to ten.
Attention!
do not stretch your lips into a strong smile so that there is no tension.
make sure that the lower lip does not tuck.
do not stick out the tongue far, it should only cover the lower lip.
the lateral edges of the tongue should touch the corners of the mouth.
Glue the candy
Description: put the wide tip of the tongue on the lower lip. Put a thin piece of toffee on the very edge of the tongue, glue a piece of candy to the palate behind the upper teeth.
Attention!
make sure that only the tongue works, the lower jaw must be motionless.
open the mouth no wider than 1.5-2 cm.
if the lower jaw is involved in the movement, you can put the child’s clean index finger on the side between the molars (then he will not close his mouth).
The exercise must be done at a slow pace.
Fungus
Description: smile, show teeth, open your mouth slightly and, pressing your wide tongue with the whole plane against the palate, open your mouth wide. (The tongue will resemble a thin mushroom cap, and the stretched hyoid ligament will resemble its stem.)
Attention!
make sure that the lips are in the position of a smile.
the lateral edges of the tongue should be pressed equally tightly - not a single half should fall.
when repeating the exercise, you need to open your mouth wider.
Who will hit the ball further?
Description: smile, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if pronouncing the sound [f] for a long time, blow off the cotton wool to the opposite edge of the table.
Attention!
the lower lip should not stretch over the lower teeth.
cheeks cannot be puffed out.
make sure that the child pronounces the sound [f] and not the sound [x], i.e. so that the air stream is narrow, not scattered.
delicious jam
Description: slightly open your mouth and lick the upper lip with the wide front edge of the tongue, moving the tongue from top to bottom, but not from side to side.
Attention!
make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw does not help, does not "plant" the tongue up - it must be motionless (you can hold it with your finger).
the tongue should be wide, its lateral edges touching the corners of the mouth.
if the exercise fails, you need to return to the exercise "punish the naughty tongue"; as soon as the tongue becomes flattened, you need to lift it up and wrap it on the upper lip.
Harmonic
Description: smile, open your mouth, stick your tongue to the sky and, without lowering your tongue, close and open your mouth (as the accordion furs stretch, so the hyoid frenulum stretches). The lips are in a smile position. When repeating the exercise, you should try to open your mouth wider and longer and keep your tongue in the upper position.
Attention!
make sure that when opening the mouth, the lips are motionless.
open and close the mouth, holding it in each position for a count of three to ten.
make sure that when opening the mouth, one of the sides of the tongue does not sag.
Focus
Description: smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the upper lip so that its lateral edges are pressed, and there is a groove in the middle of the tongue, and blow off the cotton wool placed on the tip of the nose. At the same time, the air should go in the middle of the tongue, then the fleece will fly up.
Attention!
make sure that the lower jaw is motionless.
the lateral edges of the tongue should be pressed against the upper lip; a gap is formed in the middle into which the air stream goes; if this does not work, you can slightly hold your tongue.
The lower lip should not tuck in and pull over the lower teeth.
1. Open your mouth wide and hold it open for 10-15 seconds.
2. Chewing movements at a slow pace with closed lips.
3. The same at a fast pace.
4. Light tapping with teeth - lips are open.
5. The first exercise is repeated.
II. Lip exercises
6. "Smile"- stretching of the open lips, while the teeth are closed, both the upper and lower incisors are clearly visible.
7. The same with closed lips and teeth.
8. "Tubule" ("Proboscis")- pulling the lips forward (teeth closed).
9. Alternate execution "Smiles" and "Tubules".
10. Rotational movements of the lips.
11. Retraction of the lower lip from the teeth and gums.
12. Retraction of the lower lip into the mouth.
III. Language exercises
(performed with a wide open mouth and with a fixed lower jaw):
13. "Chatterbox"- moving the tongue back and forth.
14. "Watch"- moving the tongue left and right.
15. "Swing"- moving the tongue up and down.
a) to the upper - lower lip;
b) to the upper - lower teeth;
c) to the upper - lower alveoli.
16. Circular movements of the tongue:
a) on the lips
b) on the teeth in the vestibule of the mouth;
c) behind the teeth.
17. "Horses"- clicking the tongue.
18. "Shovel"- stick out a wide, relaxed tongue, put it on the lower lip, hold for 10-15 seconds. (with tension, pat on the tongue with a spatula or slap your lips).
19. "Needle"- stick out a narrow tense tongue far forward and hold for 10-15 seconds. (to reduce the tongue, touch the tip with a spatula).
20. Alternate execution "Shoulder blades" and "Needle".
21. "Groove" ("Tube")- stick out a wide tongue, bend the side edges of the tongue up.
22. "Cup" ("Ladle")- wide tongue raised up:
a) to the upper lip;
b) to the upper teeth;
c) to the upper alveoli.
23. "Fungus"- the tongue is wide, flat, sticks to the hard palate, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars, the tip of the tongue is against the upper alveoli.
"Smile" "Tube"
"Shovel" "Needle"
"Groove" "Cup"
Rice. 1. Samples of articulation exercises
The development of fine motor skills of the fingers
Research by the Institute of Physiology of Children and Adolescents of the APN found that the level of development of children's speech is directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine movements of the fingers. As a rule, if the movements of the fingers are developed in accordance with age, then the speech development of the child is within the age norm.
Therefore, training the movements of the fingers is the most important factor stimulating the speech development of the child, contributing to the improvement of articulatory motility, preparing the hand for writing, and, no less important, a powerful tool that increases the efficiency of the cerebral cortex.
We use the following types of work that contribute to the development of small muscles of the fingers and hands:
finger games, accompanied by rhymes and nursery rhymes;
special exercises without speech accompaniment, combined into a gymnastics complex for the development of fine motor skills of the hands, the so-called finger gymnastics;
games and activities with toys and objects: (laying out buttons, sticks, grains, acorns, etc., stringing beads, rings, buttons on a thread, sewing on, fastening and unbuttoning buttons, playing with mosaics, building materials, etc. );
visual activity: (plasticine and clay modeling, coloring pictures, contouring, hatching, drawing with pencils and paints in various ways (brush, swab, finger, candle, etc.), various work with scissors, crafts made from natural material, etc. .d.).
Work on the development of the hands is carried out systematically for 3-5 minutes daily in kindergarten and at home:
a) exercises for the development of fine motor skills are included in the classes of a speech therapist and educators;
b) playing with fingers - during regime moments and walks;
c) finger gymnastics is carried out in conjunction with articulatory educators at a time specially allotted in the daily routine, as well as at home with parents.
At the beginning of the school year, children often have difficulty doing many of the hand exercises. These exercises are worked out gradually, at first they are performed passively, with the help of a speech therapist (individually), and as they learn, the children move on to independent performance.
Natalya Podstavkina
Formation of articulatory motor skills
From work experience. Topic: « Formation of articulatory motor skills» .
Speech therapist Podstavkina N. N. GBDOU d.s. No. 12 p. White clay.
The pronunciation of speech sounds is a complex motor skill, consisting of a complex set of movements, while articulation, voice and breathing must be coordinated in work. When pronouncing various sounds, the child needs to reproduce articulatory structure, consisting of a complex set of movements, while each organ participating in the speech process occupies a certain position. In speech, sounds are not pronounced in isolation, but smoothly one after another, and organs articulatory apparatus must quickly change its position. It is possible to achieve a clear pronunciation of sounds, words, phrases only if the organs are sufficiently mobile articulation apparatus, their ability to rebuild and work in a coordinated manner. Lack of facial and articulatory motility manifests itself in poverty, inexpressiveness of facial movements, in a fuzzy or incorrect sound pronunciation, in general blurring, indistinctness of speech.
With insufficient mobility articulatory muscles disturbed sound pronunciation
Target articulatory gymnastics - the development of full-fledged movements and certain positions of organs articulation apparatus necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.
Articulatory gymnastics is a set of special exercises aimed at strengthening muscles articulation apparatus, the development of strength, mobility and differentiation of the movements of the organs involved in the speech process. An important role in formation sound pronunciation plays a clear, precise, coordinated work articulatory organs, their ability to quickly and smoothly switch from one movement to another, as well as to maintain a given articulatory posture, wherein articulation, voice and breathing must be coordinated in work.
The means are: motor exercises aimed at normalizing muscle tone
1. Gymnastics chewing articulatory muscles
3. Gymnastics of lips and cheeks
4. Gymnastics of the tongue
5. Mimic gymnastics of the oral region
6. Gymnastics for chewing muscles
7. Logomassage
Exercises are selected in accordance with the defect of speech, and each sound of a particular group. One of the indicators of the successful speech development of a child is formed correct pronunciation skills. To do this, the child must learn to control the organs articulation apparatus be able to listen to yourself and others.
Organ training articulation, especially with young children, is carried out in the play form. A certain sequence is observed from simple to more complex. has a positive effect on formation and further development articulatory motility. Promotes the development of the psychological base of speech and all aspects of the speech system.
In any exercise, all movements of the organs articulatory apparatus are carried out sequentially, with pauses before each new movement, so that it is possible to control the child's performance of the movement, and the child can feel, realize, control and remember his actions. At first, the exercises are performed at a slow pace in front of a mirror. In the first lessons, you can limit yourself to doing the exercise twice, the main thing is that it be done with high quality. After the child learns to perform the movements, the mirror is removed, and the child's own kinesthetic sensations take over the control functions.
Skillful combination of methods and techniques, diversity forms of work, systematic, consistent focus and effectiveness of corrective and speech therapy impact provide a favorable development articulatory motility, which serves as the basis for the further full development of speech.
The main condition for the effectiveness of this work is a positive emotional background of classes, the intrigue of the game. The child, being carried away by the game, does not notice that he is being taught. This means that the process of development articulatory motility will proceed more actively, faster.
Pantomime exercises find the greatest response in young children ( "Show how frogs smile", exercises in combination with movements ( "Phonetic Rhythm", exercises based on picture material.
An exercise "Puppy"
smiling puppy,
Show teeth.
I would do exactly the same.
Here look. Now
Related publications:
The formation of fine motor skills as the main stage in the development of a preschool child Fine motor skills and its importance in human life: Fine motor skills are a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems.
B] Speech is a means of influencing consciousness, developing a worldview, norms of behavior, shaping tastes, satisfying needs.
Formation of fine motor skills I will start my story from afar. When born, by seven months the brain doubles in size. And by the age of three it reaches the brain of an adult.
Complex of articulatory gymnastics Perform exercises while sitting in front of a mirror. Class time 5-7 minutes The main complex of articulation gymnastics No. 11. "Frog". Smile,.
Passport of the project "Development of speech of children of primary preschool age through the formation of fine motor skills of the hands." Project author: higher education teacher.
Dear colleagues! I would like to bring to your attention an easy-to-make, but quite effective manual "Manual Tongue".
