Incorrect pronunciation of the sounds “l” and “r” hurts the ears of both adults and children. timely logopedic correction- correction of pronunciation in a light playful way, until the child's self-esteem has decreased due to the ridicule of children. Setting the sound “l” is easy and fast, provided that the problem is identified in a timely manner and parents understand how important the correct articulation of the sound “l” is both for the formation of speech and for the confidence of the baby.

Variants of incorrect sound pronunciation

There are several versions of how the letter “l” is distorted when speaking:

• instead of the consonant letter “l”, a vowel is pronounced: “yozhka” - “spoon”, “ypsha” - “noodles”;
• replace "l" with "uva": "hoteuva" - "wanted", "euva" - "ate";
• change to "r": "rapsha" - "noodles", "rumble" - "elbow";
• instead of “l” on a quick exhalation with puffing out of the cheeks, “f” is heard, with an exit through the nose - “n”.

The child does not pronounce this sound for various reasons. And by the manner of pronunciation, one can understand what is the reason why it is difficult for him to say “l”, he cannot pronounce the letter.

Causes of impaired pronunciation of the sound l

There are several reasons when the pronunciation of “l” is not formed or is violated:

• the baby has not yet learned to speak this sound and he simply skips it: for example, “rain” instead of “rain”. At the age of 4-5 years, children are already mastering it, and by the age of 6, the child is no longer just talking, but can already differentiate a hard sound from a soft one;
• interdental pronunciation is characterized by incorrect setting of the tongue, although acoustically it turns out distinctly;
• bilabial pronunciation: the tongue lies on the "bottom", which is typical for the sound of English language. This happens when a child has to communicate in a family in several languages;
• movable lower lip and relaxed tongue - it turns out "v" instead of "l": "development" - "fork";

In these cases, articulation disorders are explained by an incorrect pronunciation algorithm, namely, the position of the tongue is not formed. There are also violations when differentiation is impaired due to improper breathing, the wrong position of the tip of the tongue, its middle:

• the formation of sound occurs due to the lips, not the tongue;
• the tip of the tongue goes down instead of resting on the incisors;
• the middle of the tongue is raised, and the tip of the tongue is lowered, but vice versa.

The described violations are due to the peculiarities of the articulatory apparatus. In these cases, automating the correct sound l will take just a couple of sessions with a speech therapist. You can also quickly deal with this at home. If, however, the production of sounds occurs when associated with organic, functional disorders of the central nervous system, a phased systemic production and automation of sound l is necessary.

Sound setting l

Before starting classes, the child needs to be explained in detail and shown how to pronounce the sound correctly. At the same time, a speech therapist or a parent must show the child how the articulation apparatus should work correctly, and visual materials can also be used.

Articulation of sound l

Correct articulation of the sound l: a sharp tongue is raised behind the upper teeth, rests against the alvioli (tubercles in the sky located behind the upper teeth). The shape of the tongue at the same time resembles a saddle, the air comes out along the edges of the tongue.

Articulatory gymnastics for sound l

There are several ways of staging the sound l, among which the first place is taken for the formation of the sound l. The child will like it due to the fun played articular exercises:

• blow soap bubbles, blow on candles, boats on the water;
• “boat”: a relaxed wide tongue should be placed on the lower lip and try to roll the boat out of it without lifting it;
• "Snake": stretch your lips, as if in a smile, and stretch a sharp, hard tongue forward;
• “the longest tongue”: stick it out as far as possible and try to get either the chin, or the tip of the nose, or the cheeks;
• “horse”: open your mouth, touch with your tongue between the upper incisors and tap them there so that you get the clatter of horse hooves;
• "turkey": open your mouth, relax your lips and stroke your upper lip with your tongue, moving your tongue from top to bottom, saying "bl".

There are many videos on how to do these exercises to prepare for the sound L. Classes for preschoolers are held in a relaxed atmosphere 1-2 times a day.

Sound Automation L

Before you start teaching your child to pronounce the letter L, it is necessary to warm up with articulatory gymnastics. This will prepare the speech apparatus for work, tones the tongue, lips and cheeks. In fact, gymnastics is speech therapy exercises for setting isolated sound.

We offer a summary of classes on automating the sound L in syllables, sentences, which will help mothers organize this process at home. Also, riddles about the letter L are stimulated to isolated pronunciation of sound, since the answer is L itself. Once the child has learned to pronounce L in isolation, proceed to automating the sound L in direct syllables.

If the child does not yet read independently, first say it yourself, and then offer the child:

And after mastering, in reverse syllables:

The next stage is the automation of L in words. You must follow this sequence:

• sound at the end of the word: floor, hall, corner, channel, hit, pinched;

• sound in the middle of a word: wolf, sense, sorry, jackdaw, violet, volcano, hairpin, mower;

• the sound is paired with consonants: flag, club, flame, block, flag, globe, planet, notepad;

• in one word there are 2 sounds: swam, weeded, climbed, broke, swallowed, cried, threshed, bell.

To put the sound in words, phrases, you must first master solid pronunciation, because when softened, it is harder to pronounce the sound.

After mastering L in words, master the sound in phrases and sentences:

ripe strawberries, tin soldier, broken saw;

conjugate sentences by speaking first the phrases in the first person, then in the plural and in the third person: “I broke (a) a bicycle - We broke a bicycle - She broke a bicycle.”

Then we read, we learn verses for the letter L. In special poems, sound is found in almost every word.

When reading, repeating rhymes, you should pronounce the words measuredly, slowly, so that the child pronounces the sound clearly. It is necessary to speed up speech in tongue twisters and riddles. For example, "Here's a funny bun rolled like a ball." Or “Polkan pushed the stick with his paw.”

Pronunciation Games

game form speech therapy classes allows you to arouse interest in the baby, get carried away with the process. Here are examples of games to reinforce the pronunciation of L:

• "Paths": a large letter L is written on a piece of paper and wavy paths from it to objects that begin with this sound. The child needs to put his finger on the letter and lead from it along the line, pronouncing the sound all the time, and at the end name the object.

• "Koloboks": it is necessary to make a fox figurine and 10 koloboks, as well as pictures with words containing the letter L in different parts of the word. If the kid correctly names the word from the picture and clearly pronounces the sound L, then the gingerbread man runs away from the fox, if not, she eats it.

• "Object pictures": prepare pictures with words with l and invite the baby to name the image, and then find the necessary item. For example: show a chair, show an apple.

The structure of an individual speech therapy lesson

A methodically competent sequence and duration of each of the exercises is the key to quickly mastering the sound L. An important condition is that the child does not get tired. To do this, adhere to the following time frames:

1. Gymnastics for the articulatory apparatus - no more than 7 minutes.
2. Sound production and automation - 10-15 minutes. Of these, the first 5 minutes repeat the material of past classes, and the rest of the time is devoted to new syllables, words, sentences.
3. Phonemic work on consolidation - 10 minutes.

With kids 4-5 years old, you need to do up to 20 minutes daily. With older children - half an hour.

The time frame should not be rigid, because on some days the baby may tire more quickly, and on others he wants to exercise longer. If your child is struggling to maintain attention, suggest doing the exercises in parallel with other activities. For example, a special coloring book with the letter L, in which the baby will paint over it and repeat the syllable after the mother.

Preschool age is the period of the most active development of the child. Significant physiological changes occur in his body, the development of thought processes, the psyche, the emotional-volitional sphere and the personality as a whole is underway.

Studies have shown that all mental processes in a child develop with the direct participation of speech. And, obviously, the violation of this human function leads to difficulties in the harmonious development of the baby. In order to help the child to master speech in a timely manner, parents should know the patterns speech development preschool child.

Age deviations of speech development

Normally, by the age of three, the baby should master almost all the sounds of the language, with the exception of hissing (Sh, Shch, Ch, Zh) and the sound P, Pb. This age is characterized by an increase in speech activity, children begin to use speech in order to learn new facts for themselves. In another way, this is the age of "why".

Here are some common mistakes kids make this stage speech development:

• replacing the sound R with L, L (hand - hatch),
• replacement of hissing Sh, Shch, Ch, Zh with soft X, Zb (scarf - syarf),
• replacing L with sounds L, Y (bow - hatch, lamp - yampa).

A five-year-old kid should already correctly pronounce all the sounds of speech and use not only simple, but also complex sentences to express his thoughts.

If a child pronounces sounds incorrectly for a long time, then his motor articulation skills are fixed, and the perception of speech sounds is distorted. The kid pronounces the sound incorrectly, but he does not understand it. If the child is not helped in time, then he will have a persistent speech defect, which will be much more difficult to overcome.

Formation of the correct pronunciation of sounds in a child

Often, if the child does not have chronic diseases, pathologies of organ development speech apparatus(tongue, soft and hard palate, lips), disturbances in work nervous system, adults at home can help the baby master this or that sound. In this case, you only need to know the procedure required to produce the missing or distorted sound.

• Firstly, the main thing that parents should start with is strengthening articulatory motor skills. This is achieved through various exercises, of which the literature provides many.
• Secondly, this is the staging or refinement of the sound itself. Each sound has its own method.
• The next step will be to fix the sound first in syllables, then in words.
• After the child successfully pronounces the sound in words, he is offered tasks for differentiating (distinguishing) oppositional sounds (Zh-Sh, Ch-Sch, Z-S, T-D, etc.).
• Next comes the stage of memorizing nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, riddles, poems with a set sound.
• And finally, we fix the sound in speech: storytelling, storytelling.

How to teach a child to pronounce a solid sound "L" at home

In this article we want to dwell in more detail on the setting solid sound"L".

Most often, when pronouncing the sound “L”, the following shortcomings occur: the sound is completely absent, replaced by others - L, V, U, I. (shop - “lyavka”, “yavka”). Due to the fact that pronunciation given sound requires the upper position of the tongue, you need to find out if the child can lift it up.

In order for the tongue to clearly hold the desired position, we offer the following exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the tongue:

1. "Sting" - show a narrow tongue
2. “Sting” - “Shovel” - show either a narrow or a wide tongue.
3. "Swing" - the tongue touches alternately the lower, then the upper lip.
4. "Pendulum" - the end of the tongue turns into the corners of the lips.
5. “We will punish the naughty tongue” - stick out your tongue, pat your lips on it (five-five-five) so that it becomes wide.
6. “The tongue is sleeping” - slightly bite the end of the protruding tongue, opening and closing the mouth, lips and tongue are relaxed and motionless.

After you notice that the child can easily cope with the proposed exercises, you can proceed directly to the production of the sound “L”.

The first way to call L: the flattened tongue lies motionless between the teeth (“The tongue is sleeping”), the mother offers to sing AAA and, without interruption, bite the tip of the tongue, continuing to sing the same sound, - it turned out ALL. I would like to warn that it is not necessary at this stage to ask the child what kind of sound he got. This can be done only after repeated repetition of the exercise, when he succeeds.

Second setting method: sing YYYY, while biting a wide tongue. The child is shown this exercise silently so that the sound L is not audible, otherwise he will pronounce it with the usual distortion.

The sound obtained with these techniques is first fixed in closed syllables (AL, IL, OL, UL); further - between vowels (ALA, ILA, ULO ...), then in open syllables(LA-LA, LO-LO, LU-LU, LA-LU, LO-LU, etc.).

• where the sound L is at the end of the word: rear, donkey, chair, kalach, glass, etc.
• where the sound L is at the beginning of the word: skis, bast, boat, puddle, horse, etc.
• where the sound L is in the middle of a word: fang, class, glory, eyes, flea, etc.

Then you begin to memorize simple poems, nursery rhymes, riddles with your child, in which the sound L is often found. This will automate the resulting sound and introduce it into speech.

Examples:

On the surface of the window glass

heavy glass drop.

A drop fell on a blue flower

and opened one petal.

Run away, run away

milk escaped.

I had a hard time catching it

Being a hostess is not easy!

Everything is white, white, white.

There has been a lot of snow.

Here are the fun days!

Everyone on skis and skates!

If you are not confident in your abilities or are afraid to harm the baby in some way, then there is always a way to contact specialized centers, of which there are now a large number. Having attended several speech therapy classes and having mastered the skill of pronouncing a “difficult” sound, your child will be able to continue working on developing speech with his parents.

We offer the child to do the exercises shown in the following video of speech therapist Natalia Gorina.

How to prevent speech impediments

Parents should remember that their behavior can also affect the development of the baby's speech. How should parents behave if they want their child's speech to form without unnecessary difficulties?

• First of all, you need to talk to the baby slowly, calmly. This is due to the fact that due to insufficiently developed auditory perception, the child will not have time to hear and recognize the speech of an adult.
• It is necessary to tell the child how to correctly pronounce the word that he finds it difficult to say. Usually kids are happy to repeat after adults. Just do not forget that excessive demands can offend the child, and he can completely withdraw.
• It is not advisable to overload the child with early learning of letters and reading, especially if this is done without his desire, since the expected result may be the opposite.
• It is a mistake to force a young child to recite poetry in front of guests. This is a big stress for the baby, whose speech has not yet been fully formed. Subsequently, such adult mistakes can lead to stuttering.
• With the late development of speech, you should not panic, you just need to pay more attention to speech games with the child in order to replenish his passive vocabulary.
• In addition, the prevention of deficiencies in speech development is facilitated by the normal functioning of other speech organs (auditory, voice, respiratory apparatus, vision, smell, touch), the coordinated work of which contributes to the formation of correct speech.

Remember, the work of developing speech does not end quickly. This is a long process. It is necessary to constantly expand the vocabulary of the baby, read books to him, compose stories from pictures, from the impressions that he had. In every possible way encourage the child to communicate, gently and unobtrusively correct his mistakes, while giving him a sample of correct speech.

We bring to your attention the following video, in which you can consider in detail the production of the sound "L" at home.

The production of the soft sound "L" is discussed in the next video.

One of the common pronunciation disorders in young children is the incorrect pronunciation of the consonant "L". Sometimes "L" is completely absent in the child's speech or is replaced by incorrect options. For example, the letter "Y" in the words "yug", "yisa" instead of "meadow" and "fox". How to contribute to the correct setting of the consonant sound "L" in young children, what exercises should be done?

staging correct pronunciation the sound “L” will not take much time, it is enough to devote 15–20 minutes a day to exercises aimed at correcting and automating the pronunciation of this consonant.

We perform speech therapy exercises

The complex of speech therapy exercises necessary for the correct formulation of any sound that causes problems in pronunciation (including "L") includes several types of classes:

• Articulation gymnastics;
• Tasks for the development of speech breathing;
• Exercises to automate the pronunciation of sounds.

It is desirable that any home lesson contained elements of the listed types of occupations. In doing so, it must be borne in mind that total duration such an activity for a child of 3–4 years old should not be more than 15–20 minutes.

For children aged 5-6 years, the total duration of the lesson can be 20-25 minutes. In this case, it is desirable to alternate speech therapy exercises with tasks for the development of speech.

Exercises to establish the correct pronunciation of "L"

Articulation gymnastics, including the following exercises.

"Steamboat"

Purpose of the exercise: work out the position of the tongue, which is necessary for the correct setting of the sound "L".

Performance: The child slightly opens his mouth in a smile, sticks out his tongue, clamps it with his teeth and sings “Y-y-y-y-s”, imitating the whistle of a steamer.

Attention: If during this exercise (when “Y-s-s-s-s” is sung) an adult hears a soft “L ’”, then you should ask the child to stick out the tongue as far as possible, while clamping the teeth not on the tip, but on the middle part of the tongue.

"Turkey"

How does a turkey talk? "Bl-bl-bl", gurgles and "buzzes". Have your child try to imitate a turkey "talk" using the following exercise:

Step 1. Having slightly opened his mouth, the child puts the tongue on the upper lip, while the tip of the tongue should slightly bend upwards, as if flowing around the lip.

Step 2 Practice, make a few movements with the tip of the tongue on the upper lip up and down.

Step 3 Connect the buzz on the exhale, at the same time increasing the speed of movements until you get “bl-bl-bl”.

This exercise will be very useful for the correct setting of the sound “L”, as it perfectly develops the mobility of the tip of the tongue and works out the correct degree of its rise.

"How does the horse ride?"

This exercise has two parts. In the first part, the clatter skill is practiced, which helps to strengthen the muscles of the tongue well and develop the ability to lift the tongue up. The second part helps the child determine the position of the tongue in the mouth when he says "L".

Step 1. The child smiles, opening his mouth and showing his teeth. Then he clicks his tongue several times, resting against the palate. (We imitate the clatter of a horse).

Important: During this exercise, the lower jaw should not be mobile, only the tongue should move.

Step 2 Explain to the baby that horses can ride quietly, and repeat the tongue movements from the previous exercise, silently, without connecting your voice.

Important: Make sure that the tip of the tongue rests against the upper palate during execution, and does not protrude beyond the mouth.

"Breeze"

Purpose of the exercise: learn to exhale air in such a way that it leaves the mouth along the edges of the tongue, and not along its central part.

Performance: the child opens his mouth and bites the tip of his tongue with his teeth. Then he needs to exhale, imitating the breath of the breeze. If it is not clear whether the child is doing this exercise correctly, put a piece of cotton in his mouth while he is blowing. This will help determine the direction of the air stream.

Possible distortions in the pronunciation of the sound "L" in children

There are two most common mispronunciations of "L" in young children. This is interdental and nasal pronunciation.

In the case of interdental pronunciation "L", the tip of the tongue extends beyond the upper incisors and is located almost between the teeth. It turns out a transitional option, something in between "L" and "B". To correct this problem, a standard set of exercises is needed to produce the consonant sound "L".

In the case of nasal pronunciation, the difference is more obvious. The speech apparatus works as follows: the tongue touches the soft palate with its back, and should touch the upper incisors with its tip. The passage of the air stream through the organs of the speech apparatus in this case is also different: it passes (partially or completely) through the nasal passage, making the resulting sound look like a combination of "n" and "g". The sentence "the pussy lived happily" will sound to the child in this case as "the pussy of spring ging."

In order to successfully solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out exercises that will help adjust the direction of the air jet and.

Consolidation (automation) of the correct pronunciation of the sound "L"

Exercises aimed at training the correct automatic pronunciation of the sound “L” must be done after articulation exercises for 15–20 minutes.

We practice the pronunciation of "L" in syllables:

Lu-ly-la-lo, la-lo-lu-ly, ly-lo-lu-la;

Ol-al-al-yal, yol-ol-il-yel, yal-yul-ol-yel.

We compose speech therapy snakes using children's loto cards:

We train the pronunciation of words, following the speech therapy snake. Sample options for cards/words:

lily of the valley, swallow, pin, rock, noodles, school, ash, tent, diver, bathrobe, salad, lamp, kalach elk, boat, forehead, crowbar, soap.

You can use not only nouns, but also other parts of speech: verbs, adjectives:

He sang, washed, rumbled, blew, yawned, put on his shoes, arched, pinched, winnowed, sowed, stood, sat, hung, offended, saw, hated.

Hungry, cold, bold, ripe, cute, whole, dull, scarlet, white, lethargic, small, evil.

Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the consonant "L" in difficult cases: when there are two letters "l" in one word and when the letter "l" is next to other sounds.

Two letters "L" in one word:

barked, sent, chatted, swam, swallowed, broke, served, received, imposed, burst, kissed, flew.

The confluence of "L" and another consonant sound:

Gratitude, eyes, burned, Klava, cereals, sweet, jinx, shred, globe, chores, merit, lumps, fangs.

We learn poems and tongue twisters:

Oh, on the river, on the Volzhanka

The nightingale floats on a stick

Sat on a thin board

He started a ringing song.

Invite the child to analyze the fable and explain what really cannot be. Learn the fable together by pronouncing the "L" correctly.

Petya is small, he took the mint and crushed it

I saw my mother, did not order mint mint.

Repeat the tongue twister together, articulating clearly in words containing "L". Ask the child to explain what mint is. Add elements of lessons on the development of speech: let him reason about why it should not be crushed.

Sets with speech therapy exercises: cards, books, games, lotto, teaching aids for parents

1. Set for playing self-study at home "Speech therapist's suitcase" Setting the sound "L", "R". For children from 4-7 years old.
   The set includes: bright workbooks with tasks and exercises (recognition alphabet, texts, words, professions); developing domino "Funny animals"; developing lotto “Learning the sounds [P], [P ’]”; developing lotto "Learning the sounds [L], [L ']". Bright, high-quality publication, with positive feedback from parents and speech therapists. You can separately purchase only the developing loto "Learn the sounds of L".
2. Set of 500 cards + guidelines, - is designed to consolidate and automate the skills of "pure" sound pronunciation, and to develop phonemic hearing. Designed for educators, but can also be used by parents to home schooling. The cards are two-sided (picture + spelling of the word with sound emphasis), the words for each sound are chosen in such a way that allows you to quickly and efficiently enter the set sounds into speech.
3. Another wonderful set from "Clever Girl" - "We speak from the cradle". It will teach a child not only to correctly pronounce sounds in words, but also develop speech and intelligence in general. Suitable for children at the earliest age from 0-3 years old. Designed for a course of classes for 53 weeks. The kit is very extensive in materials, it includes: methodological support"Development of speech activity"; class diaries; leaflet books \ talkers \ repeaters; chatter cards \ copycats; soft toy Wolf. Kits from "Umnitsa" always have positive feedback from parents, it is interesting, easy and effective to study them.

Pronunciation of "L" and the age of the child

Some parents are in a hurry, trying to get the correct pronunciation of "L" in a child who has only recently begun to speak. According to speech therapy standards, the pronunciation of “L” and “R” is the most difficult for young children, therefore, the final setting of the sound “L” is considered to be the consolidation of its clear pronunciation at the age of 5-6 years.

Lecturer, child development center specialist
Druzhinina Elena

Lesson on differentiating the sound "L", speech therapist exercises:

- the sound of late ontogenesis. Its appearance in the norm is possible by 6-6.5 years.

But according to our observations, the timely appearance of the sound L is significantly delayed, and is not always fully formed without special help.

Violation of the sound L are diverse:

• Like the complete absence of the sound "L",
• So is its distortion (interdental, nasal, bilabial) - lambdacism,
• There are also replacements of the sound L with other sounds - R "cancer" - "lacquer", L (soft) "lacquer" - "lacquer", B "boat" - "vodka" such replacements characterize the violation paralambdacism.

The main causes of sound impairment L are called:

• short hyoid ligament;
• weakness of the muscles of the tongue;
• violation of phonemic perception of sound in the flow of speech.

Sound staging technique L

In the method of setting the sound L, it is necessary to adhere to the following scheme of work:

The speech therapist is explained characteristic features of the articulation of sound L, and visually reinforce:

“When we correctly say the sound L: the tip of the tongue rises to the upper front teeth, presses against the front teeth, pushes the teeth, the lips smile and all the teeth are visible.”

We fix it in the “Strongman” exercise: we raise the tip of the tongue to the upper teeth, rest against the upper teeth and push with force with the sound [L-L-L].

We fix in the exercise “The sound L travels along the paths”: the speech therapist writes 3 letters L and paths from them.

With the child, we come up with where the sound L will come for each track. The child puts his finger on the track, and the tongue in place of the correct articulation of the sound L. We give instructions: “How much the finger runs along the track, so much we sing“ L-L-L ”.

We paste 3 pictures with the sound L into the child’s notebook:

Note: if the sound is given easily, the child immediately took the correct position (this is typical for dyslalia), then you can automate in direct syllables and words right away.

la al ala
lo ol olo
lu ul ulu
ly yl yl

We explain, first the mouth opens wide to "A", then the tip of the tongue rises behind the upper teeth:

al - al - al

We explain, first we open our mouth to “O”, then the tip of the tongue rises behind the upper teeth:

We explain, first we stretch our lips into a tube on “U”, then the tip of the tongue rises behind the upper teeth:

We explain, first we stretch the lips to “Y”, then the tip of the tongue rises behind the upper teeth:

Ball, shaft, gave, sting, hall, small, became, slept, fell, tired, glass, knocked, dug, wrote, pencil case, collapse, station, metal, ox, goal, stake, floor, table, injection, cover, goldfinch, football, rumble, blew, chair, aul, yawned, pulled, fell asleep, whispered, shook, pinched, whined. Was, howled, washed, forgot, howled, crumpled, took off, took, soldered, calmed, stood, drove, withered, took, changed, understood, raised, led, walked, ate, chalk, sang, sat down, dressed, knew how, buzzed, hung, managed, wanted, sat, hissed, rustled, whistled, beat, sweet, Nile, watered, Mikhail, scored, drove, mowed, bought, wore, taught, planted, visited, dragged, etc.

Note: at least 80 words that are practiced in class and recorded for repetition at home. Parents are shown that at the end of each word the child raises the tip of the tongue by the upper teeth.

Automation stage L in words with a reverse syllable in the middle of a word:

Jackdaw, stick, rolling pin, violet, hill, loaf loudly, put on shoes, stretched, washed, etc.

The next stage of automation- phrases in which there are words with the sound "L" at the end of words:

museum hall
Rope knot
Wash the floor
Worth donkey
Jackdaw bird
New shelf
Red squirrel, etc.

Requirements for phrases: the sound L is found only in one word, it is only in the reverse syllable, the word order does not matter.

When the material with phrases in the reverse syllable is learned, the next step is to automation direct syllable with the sound "L":

la la la
Lo-lo-lo
Lou-lu-lu
Ly-ly-ly

And also according to the syllable table in a certain sequence:

La al ala
Lo ol olo
Lou ul ulu
Ly yly yly

Words with an L sound at the beginning of a word:

Paw, llama, laz, shovel, varnish, swallow, lily of the valley, forehead, crowbar, elk, boat, elbow, horse, etc.

The effectiveness of sound automation L directly depends not only on the quality of the chosen words, but also on the amount of base material. We recommend using at least 80 words for each automated group.

Words in intervocalic position:

Yula, ash, led, deeds, lived, saw, fist, kalach, salad, etc.

We repeat the same, quantitatively observing the norms.

Automation in words with consonant clusters:

cla clo clo cla
pla plo pl pla
ashes
walked walked walked walked
stock
slope
clew
alloy
lay
cheat

Automation in phrases(40-45 phrases):

horse forehead
Pilot in a boat
Laura's curls
Slice in a spoon
agile boatman

Automation in offers: 20-25 sentences.

Mila washed the floors for a long time.
saddle put on the horse
The chair fell.

Automation in rhymes, proverbs and sayings(at least 10-15 for repetition and memorization):

Pavel is small - he fell off the bench.
There is only one full moon in the sky.
Danila is afraid of soap.
Where there are many words, there is little deed.
Who is not stupid, he is stingy with words.

Automation in poems(3-4 for memorization and pronunciation):

Everything is white, white, white
There has been a lot of snow.
Here are the fun days
All on skis and skates.

Automation in short stories and fairy tales(3-4 works):

For example:

"The Lion and the Mouse" L. Tolstoy
"The Fox and the Goat" fairy tale
"Bone" L. Tolstoy

Automation as work is considered completed, and we recommend that parents correct the child in words with the received sound in everyday speech from 3-6 months, as this is the period in which the sound “takes root” completely. And also learn rhymes, chimes.

On average, the course of sound correction with an uncomplicated diagnosis is 5 lessons, in complicated cases 10-12 lessons - 30 minutes each.

Little tricks:

• If the child has “v” instead of “l” at the “syllable-word” stage, sometimes the first phrases are to grab the lower lip with a sterile gauze napkin and pronounce all the material, focusing on raising the tip of the tongue by the upper teeth. Fingers pulling the lower lip down. Thus, “breaking” the “labial” reflex, replacing it with the upper rise of the tongue. The child quickly switches and gets used to it.
• If the child has little motivation to raise the tip of the tongue by the upper teeth: we put the child on the couch, grab both the upper and lower lip with a gauze napkin - “bare the teeth”, repeat with the child speech material, follow the clear rise of the tip of the tongue over the upper teeth.
• If "L" is always soft:

A) We ask the child to repeat the speech material with a strongly protruding tongue, the teeth are in contact almost with the back of the tongue. At the same time, phonemic work is underway. Further, the tip of the tongue gradually winds up behind the upper teeth.

B) The second way: bite the sharp tip of the tongue to the sound "L" in the automated material.

Approximate structure of a speech therapy lesson:

1. Articulation gymnastics - 5-7 minutes.
2. Staged staging and automated work - 15 minutes from the lesson. At the automation stage, it includes 5 minutes of repeating tasks from the last lesson, 10 minutes of new material.
3. Phonemic work - 10 minutes.

When learning language skills, children often distort words. They experience difficulties in the pronunciation of individual sounds. The notorious “rrrr” is known to many, but what if the child changes the letter “l”? The defect is easy to fix. Parents should show the child to a speech therapist - the specialist will establish the cause of the defect and determine the methodology of classes that will help eliminate it.

If there are speech disorders, it is better to show the child to a specialist if possible: he will determine the degree of deviation and help the family cope with it

What causes a defect?

Most of the sounds are perfectly mastered by a child by 4-4.5 years. If you notice that your baby is having difficulty pronouncing a few letters or a single “l” sound, look for reasons. One of the factors may be a speech defect in an adult who is constantly in contact with the baby. The child imitates the speech of mom or dad. Problems in pronunciation have also been observed in children growing up in bilingual families. It is difficult for a child to learn two languages ​​at once, he gets confused, replaces the sounds of one language with the sounds of another. Among the physiological reasons, we note the following:

• violations that have arisen during the development of speech hearing (the child hears sounds incorrectly);
• pathology of the auditory apparatus and speech breathing;
• changes in the structure of the articular apparatus (in the case of the sound “l”, this may be a shortened frenulum).

All anatomical changes are determined by a specialist. Self-diagnosis often leads to incorrect treatment and aggravation of the defect.

If a child has a shortened frenulum, do not worry. For a long time, the defect was corrected with an incision, and today a new technique has been developed in which the frenulum is stretched to the required size with the help of special exercises.

Variants of pronunciation of the distorted sound "l"

Trying to pronounce "l", the child can replace it with other sounds. There is no definite dependence on the cause that caused the defect - the baby speaks in a way that is easier for him. The sound might be:

• the child skips the letter "l" (shovel - opata);
• replaces "l" with "y" (horse - walk);
• pronounces the sound “y” instead of the sound “l” (milk - moyoko, spoon - yoshka);
• speaks a hard "l" well and replaces a soft letter with another.

Correct articulation

To fix something, you need to know how it looks right. It's the same with the sounds we make. It is unlikely that you will be able to pronounce the letter "p" without connecting your lips. In order to get the sound "l", you need:

• rest the tip of the tongue against the base of the upper teeth or into the gap formed between the upper and lower teeth;
• pronouncing the letter, strongly release the air along the sides of the tongue;
• the edges of the tongue should not touch the upper and lower teeth located on the sides of the jaw.

If the speech therapist did not find in your baby serious problems with an articulatory apparatus, the correct pronunciation of "l" can be easily put at home. A few lessons with the baby are enough to teach him how to reproduce sound well. Several special exercises will make your task easier and give pleasure to the child. They will improve the mobility of the muscles of the larynx, tongue and lips.

In order for the child to understand where he makes a mistake, it is necessary to put him in front of a mirror and work out the correct setting of the tongue and lips.

Learning to pronounce the sound "l"

Classes at home are comfortable for both the child and the parents. Specialists have developed various exercises that you can do with your baby, turning them into a fun game. Children love to make faces, but our exercises are also beneficial. Through a fun and exciting action, we teach the baby, we give the opportunity to train his tongue for the correct pronunciation of "l". List of exercises:

1. Smile . Ask the baby to smile widely without parting his lips. Let him hold a smile for 8-10 seconds. Repeat the exercise 7-8 times a day.
2. Breeze. Open your mouth a little, stick the tip of your tongue between your lips, and “bite” it slightly, squeezing your lips. Leaving the tongue in this position, it is necessary to blow strongly for three minutes.
3. clatter. The kid should click like a horse, changing the intensity of the sound. Ask the child not to move the lower jaw, only the tongue and upper jaw click. The first part of the exercise is done with acceleration, in the second part the clatter should be quiet, as if the horse is sneaking.
4. Delicious jam. Invite the child to lick his lips with his tongue as if he had eaten something very tasty. Movements should be wide, circular.
5. Long tongue . Favorite exercise for kids. Children stick out their tongue to its full length and try to get it to the nose or chin.
6. tubule. Ask your child to roll their tongue several times a day.
7. Long "s". The tip of the tongue is retracted deep into the mouth, the back of the tongue rises to the sky, the child pulls the sound "s". The exercise is difficult, but it improves the flexibility of the tongue.
8. Breath. Accompany the lessons with the improvement of breathing skills. Let the baby blow bubbles more often, encourage his desire to sing. In summer, the baby can blow off ripe dandelions.
9. Fine motor skills. Exercises on fine motor skills contribute to the stimulation of nerve endings. Sculpting, drawing, cutting and gluing applications have a positive effect on the development of speech skills and enhance intellectual development little person.

It will also be useful to pronounce tongue twisters and combinations of letters in which “l” is adjacent to different vowels.

How to conduct classes correctly?

Before you begin, remember that before you Small child. The best way to teach him something is a game. Speech therapy exercises, carried out under pressure, quickly bother the kids, so you can not force the child to repeat them for a long time. Start with 1-2 times a day for 3-4 repetitions. Use own example. Sit with the baby near the mirror so that he can see how he is doing. Children love to imitate the actions of adults, use their interest for educational purposes. Accompany praise for each success of the crumbs, explain to him what you are learning and why.

In what situations do you need the help of a speech therapist?

Despite the ease of adjusting the sound, it may turn out that practicing at home will not lead to success. The reasons may be different:

• Russian is not your native language for your family, and its adult members speak with an accent;
• one of the adults already has speech defects and it is difficult for him to conduct classes;
• long classes could not help the baby learn to pronounce the letter "l".

In such situations, you need to contact a specialist. A speech therapist will help you adjust the exercises, suggest other ways to correct them.

You will need considerable patience and the ability to lure a child. The slightest progress should be noticed and marked with praise. If something doesn’t work out for the baby, do not scold him, so as not to discourage the desire to learn.

Difficulties in pronouncing the letter "r" become a frequent problem (for more details, see the article:). We recommend that you refer to one of our materials that tells how to deal with this problem. The principle is almost the same: it is necessary to stimulate children so that they speak words with this sound more often. Learn the articulation when pronouncing "r", show it to your baby. Use in the classroom pictures of animals with a “r” in their name, learn poetry and tongue twisters with it.

Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal and Reproductive Psychology and the Volgograd State Medical University specializing in clinical psychology