Summer. Automobile. Technical inventions New time. Cars "Panard-Levassor". Madonna Conestabile. Pleasure paddle steamer on the Neva. Rafael Santi. Founders of photography. Leonardo da Vinci. Meeting of Europe and America. Continent. Columbus Christopher. Christopher Columbus. Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich. World expedition. Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan Fernan. Model of the first Russian steam locomotive.
"Japan 17-18 century" - Political system. Peasant performances. Tea ceremony. Unifiers of Japan. social hierarchy. Architecture. Clothing. The feudal structure of the shogunate. Culture of Japan in the Tokugawa era. Painting. Japan in the 17th-18th centuries Attempts to stabilize the crisis situation. social structure. The political crisis of the Tokugawa regime.
"Europe in the 15th century" - In this picture we see a representative of the upper class. On the streets of small European cities. Spanish blades and daggers. A typical representative of the bourgeoisie: dressed modestly, without frills, but in good clothes. Fashion of the new time. There is manure everywhere on the streets. Slop poured directly onto the roadway. Beef, veal, wild meat, poultry. It became fashionable to smoke tobacco - there was a fashion for snuffboxes and smoking pipes.
"Europe in the 15th-17th centuries" - Men's fashion of the 15th-16th centuries. "Breakfast" by Diego Velazquez. Numerous European cities. House of a wealthy citizen. name Big City Europe. Travel plan. representative of the bourgeoisie. In the palaces of the nobility. Most of all, the vagaries of fashion affected the costume. European at home. Women's fashion of the XV-XVI centuries. The appearance of a European city at the turn of the XV - XVII centuries. Balls. Learning tasks. In this picture we see representatives of the city.
"Early Modern" - Ottoman Sultan - the monarch of Turkey. On July 6, Parliament decided to recruit a 10,000-strong army. In the battle of 1389 in the Battle of Kosovo, the Turks captured Serbia. Suvorov, Saltykov, Rumyantsev. The main events of the revolution. Magellan. The fate of class-representative institutions under absolutism. wars of that time. Plan. Turkish threat in Europe. Royalists. Holy League against Turkey. Meaning of absolutism.
"The era of primitive accumulation of capital" - The reasons for the loss of Holland's leading position in the world. Sectoral structure of the Dutch economy. Background of the Great geographical discoveries and their consequences. Until the 17th century, cloth production played a leading role in the economy. Economic development Western European countries. Holland is the leading country of commercial capitalism. Methods for the implementation of the initial accumulation of capital. Chronology of the VGO. Consequences of VGO.
Philosophers of Modern Times Francis Bacon English philosopher, founder of empiricism of Modern times. Main works: "New Organon" and "New Atlantis". Philosopher's motto: "Knowledge is power."
The main ideas of F. Bacon Scientific knowledge can bring great benefits to mankind, significantly improving its life Science receives knowledge on the basis of experience and experiments Induction (generalization method from the particular to the general) - main way gaining new knowledge In addition to experience in science, reason is also important
Statue of Bacon in the Trinity College Chapel human features Idols of the cave - individual delusions based on personal preferences, feelings, ways of understanding the world. Idols of the market - the use of words that have an indefinite meaning. Science must think in strict terms Idols of the theater - blind faith in authorities and dogma
Rene Descartes French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and physiologist, founder of modern rationalism. Main works: "Discourses on Method" and "Principles of Philosophy". The most famous saying is: “I think, therefore I am.”
The main ideas of the philosophy of R. Descartes Philosophy is based on reason, thinking Cognition is carried out not by feelings, but by the mind Descartes' method is deduction, movement from the general to the particular Matter and consciousness are equal and interrelated principles Man is the only creature consisting of two principles - material and spiritual
Philosophers of the Enlightenment Portrait of Denis Diderot by Louis-Michel van Loo Denis Diderot () - French writer, philosopher-educator, playwright. Main work: "Encyclopedia, or Dictionary sciences, arts and crafts.
Voltaire (Francois - Marie Arouet) One of the greatest philosophers and enlighteners of the 18th century, poet, prose writer, satirist, publicist, human rights activist, founder of Voltairianism (free thinking). He wittily criticized religious prejudices from the standpoint of reason. He acted as an ardent supporter of freedom of speech and opinion.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau French philosopher, writer, composer. Supported the theory of the social contract, explaining the emergence of state power.
German classical philosophy (second half of the 18th - 19th centuries) Immanuel Kant The greatest German philosopher, the founder of German classical philosophy. Major works: Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason, Critique of Judgment.
Epistemology I. Kant For the first time he shifted the emphasis from the cognizable thing to the cognitive abilities of the person himself There are two worlds: the real world and the world of appearances (the world of phenomena) We cannot know the real world (the world of “things-in-themselves”) We only know the world of appearances We we can cognize only that which can be described with the help of categories. "Things-in-themselves" are unknowable
Ethics of I. Kant I. Kant formulated the highest moral law, based on duty, called the “categorical imperative” Act only according to the rule, following which you can wish it to become a universal law without internal contradiction Only those actions that correspond to the imperative are moral and worthy of a man
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel German classical philosopher. Main works: "Phenomenology of Spirit", "Science of Logic", "Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences".
The fundamental concept of Hegel's philosophy The absolute idea The concept of the absolute idea is similar to the concept of God The absolute idea does not have consciousness, personality, acquires them only through man The absolute idea creates nature from itself, and then humanity Through human activity, the idea cognizes itself
Basic ideas of Marxism economic system determines the way of life of a person and society In the history of society, socio-economic formations successively replace each other The change of formations is characterized by an intensification of the class struggle between the oppressed and the oppressing groups to each according to his needs"
new time
Slides: 33 Words: 1414 Sounds: 0 Effects: 57multimedia project of the lesson. Lesson on the topic: "New time: the meeting of Europe and America." Equipment. The project of the lesson is presented using Microsoft PowerPoint. Lesson Objectives: Develop cognitive activity, oral speech the ability to draw conclusions. Cultivate love and interest in the subject, history. Questions for the crossword Where did the knights live? Muslim prayer building? Metal letter in the first printing press. Building for prayers in Buddhism? Where could you warm up in the castle? A building for Christian prayers? What was the name of the warrior, chained in armor, in a helmet, with a sword and shield? Theme: New time: the meeting of Europe with America. - New time.ppt
Early Modern
Slides: 55 Words: 1812 Sounds: 0 Effects: 4State and power in the era of transition to an industrial civilization. Magellan. Plan. Monarchism and absolutism in Europe. In all countries in modern times, the monarchy was the form of government. Absolutism. Meaning of absolutism. Efficient control system. Parliament. Similarities and differences between absolute monarchies in Russia and Western Europe. The fate of class-representative institutions under absolutism. English bourgeois revolution. New classes of the population. The English Revolution of the 17th century. Opponents of the King - Puritans. Royalists. The main events of the revolution. On July 6, Parliament decided to recruit a 10,000-strong army. - Early Modern.ppsx
New time in Europe
Slides: 5 Words: 90 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Europe at the beginning of modern times. Story. Chronological framework new time. 1st point of view: the middle of the 17th century. - 1917 2nd point of view: the end of the 15th century. – 1918 New features in the economy. Great geographical discoveries. Task: complete the table based on §24. Consequences of VGO. Make a plan for answering the question: "Consequences of VGO." - New time in Europe.ppt
The era of modern times
Slides: 23 Words: 377 Sounds: 0 Effects: 4Meeting of Europe and America. Leonardo da Vinci. Rafael Santi. Madonna Conestabile. Columbus Christopher. Christopher Columbus. Caravels of Christopher Columbus. Magellan Fernan. Ferdinand Magellan. Round the world expedition. Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich. Continent. Antarctica. Summer. Technical inventions of the New Age. Pleasure paddle steamer on the Neva. Model of the first Russian steam locomotive. Locomotive "Jupiter". Founders of photography. Automobile. Cars "Panard-Levassor". - The era of the New Age.ppt
New time in history
Slides: 33 Words: 432 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0History of the New Age. Repetitive-generalizing lesson in the 7th grade. Politics. Religion. Culture. Draw. Who is the author of the religious doctrine called "salvation by faith"? What religious doctrine (Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy) does not recognize monasticism? Name the first European country where freedom of religion was achieved. Who, according to the terms of the Augsburg Religious Peace, determined in Germany which religion to profess? Whose words belong to whom: “I would rather have no subjects at all than have heretics as such”? Who owns the words: "Paris is worth a mass"? - New time in history.pps
From the Middle Ages to the New Age
Slides: 16 Words: 353 Sounds: 0 Effects: 7Story. Lesson topic: From the Middle Ages to the New Age. The concept of the New Age. The crisis of traditional society. features of the new society. Lesson plan: The period that we are to study is called the New Time. The previous period of history was called the Middle Ages. The concept of the New Age. Antiquity. Middle Ages. New time. The study of history from the standpoint of science began in the late 16th - early 17th centuries. Task: Remember what kind of economy dominates in the "traditional society" of the Middle Ages? What has changed in economic life? Natural farming Hand craft. - From the Middle Ages to the New Age.pptx
Europe in the 15th century
Slides: 20 Words: 830 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Everyday life. To consolidate students' knowledge about the main segments of the European population in the 15-16 centuries. New Material Plan. There is manure everywhere on the streets. Questions to consolidate previously studied material. What new classes appeared in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries? On the streets of small European cities. Numerous European cities differed little from the countryside. The streets were crooked and dirty. Pigs, sheep, chickens roamed freely on the streets. There was no sewerage in the cities. Slop poured directly onto the roadway. In the summer there was a terrible stench in the cities. In spring and autumn, carriages sank in the streets. - Europe in the 15th century.ppt
16th century in Europe
Slides: 15 Words: 401 Sounds: 0 Effects: 108Presentation for a report on history. RESULTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND AMERICA XV - XVIII centuries. Market Square Grote Markt City Hall 1561 - 1565. architect C. Floris. Raphael "School of Athens" fresco. Chambord Castle 1519 - 1559 Wing of the Louvre Palace. Part of a building built by Pierre Lescaut in the middle of the 16th century. Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence. Rebirth or renaissance. "Madonna of the Catholic Kings" F. Gallego. King of Spain Ferdinand and Isabella With children before the Virgin. Europeans in a new light. English army. Political changes. The French Revolution. Great geographical discoveries. - 16th century in Europe.ppt
Europe in the 15th-17th centuries
Slides: 23 Words: 894 Sounds: 0 Effects: 54The life of European society in the XV-XVII centuries. Travel plan. Learning tasks. The appearance of a European city. The appearance of a European city at the turn of the XV - XVII centuries. Numerous European cities. European at home. House of a wealthy citizen. In the palaces of the nobility. Commoners' meal. Royal feast. "Breakfast" by Diego Velazquez. The whims of fashion. Women's fashion of the XV-XVI centuries. In this picture we see representatives of the city. In these pictures we see a representative of the upper class. Men's fashion of the XV-XVI centuries. representative of the bourgeoisie. Balls. Most of all, the vagaries of fashion affected the costume. - Europe in the 15th-17th centuries.ppt
Society in modern times
Slides: 11 Words: 253 Sounds: 0 Effects: 14Society in modern times. Story. The structure of society. Bourgeoisie. Peasantry. Nobility. Wage-earners. Tramps. Entrepreneurs who had their business in trade, industry or banking. Aristocracy. New nobility (gentry) - nobles engaged in entrepreneurship. Work in pairs. 1st option: tell the definitions of the concepts: the bourgeoisie and the new nobility. 2nd option: tell the definitions of the concepts: farmers and laborers. 2. Group according to certain criteria. 3. Indicate which of the following strata of the population belonged to the bourgeoisie: Merchants Bankers Hired workers Owners of manufactories Laborers Farmers. - Society in Modern Times.ppt
The era of primitive accumulation of capital
Slides: 16 Words: 626 Sounds: 0 Effects: 118Economic development of Western European countries. Background of the Great geographical discoveries and their consequences. Economic reasons for the great geographical discoveries. Chronology of the VGO. Consequences of VGO. The essence of the primitive accumulation of capital. Methods for the implementation of the initial accumulation of capital. Sources of primitive accumulation of capital. economic consequences. Holland is the leading country of commercial capitalism. Sectoral structure of the Dutch economy. Reasons for the loss of Holland's leading position in the world. England is a classic country of primitive accumulation of capital. - The Age of Primitive Capital Accumulation.ppt
Japan 17th-18th century
Slides: 15 Words: 511 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Japan in the 17th-18th centuries Political system. social structure. Unifiers of Japan. social hierarchy. The feudal structure of the shogunate. The political crisis of the Tokugawa regime. Attempts to stabilize the crisis situation. Peasant performances. Culture of Japan in the Tokugawa era. Architecture. Tea ceremony. Painting. Clothing. -
"Measurement of time" - Student line. Calipers. Making a beaker. Explanatory note. Hourglass and water clock. Practical work. Measurement of space and time. Definition of a meter using a light wave. Measurement of large distances. Body of the report, number of dimensions. Measuring the diameter of a ball, coins.
"Standards of time" - ESTIMATES OF CLOCK COMPARISON ERRORS (BASE 10,000 km). The GI "returns" astronomical methods to precision time services. Radio telescope rt-16 (tna-16) okb mei. Comparison of hours in kalyazin and kashima. Troposphere. The main sources of synchronization errors for spaced clocks are considered. Reflector diameter - 16 m Secondary mirror - 1.0 m (Cassegrain system) Min.
"Clock" - And watchmakers came up with a clock with a fight. So it's time for me to have dinner. And people decided to use... THE FORCE OF GRAVATION of the Earth. Using a spring, they began to make small, pocket watches, similar to modern ones. So the hours passed one by one. Water clocks were popular in many countries. Returning to our 20th century, I remembered my fright because of the clock left at home.
"Sundial" - The rules of trigonometry served as the basis. Lived at the beginning of the 16th century. Münster was called "the father of gnomonics". It remains only to find the intersection of successive planes with the surface of the “dial” of the clock. Conical, spherical, cylindrical sundials were also built. You can use the sundial only during the day and in the presence of the sun.
"Time" - Megamir. The concept of "time" in its development. Length of the year. Noon. Second. Era. Macroworld. Pendulum clock. slowdown effect. Calendar. Time zones of Eurasia. Date line. Age of the Universe. Earth. Time. Starry day. Day. time counting system. Structural levels of matter organization.
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EARLY MODERN TIME: FROM TRADITIONAL SOCIETY TO INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY Lesson #1 D/C: Notebook entries; table "VGO"; messages
Lesson plan EARLY MODERN TIMES AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION. GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES. WEST AND EAST IN THE EARLY MODERN TIME. MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY.
EARLY MODERN TIME AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION Modern historical science recognizes the end of the 15th - the beginning of the 16th century as the boundary separating the Middle Ages from the New Age. It was these decades that marked the first successes of modernization. Modernization is understood as the processes of renewal of a traditional society, embarking on the path of movement towards a modern type of society and the improvement of the latter.
EARLY MODERN TIME AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION XVI-XVIII centuries. - earlier modern time Main processes: Great geographical discoveries. bourgeois revolutions. Industrial revolution. industrial society
EARLY MODERN TIMES AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION Francis Bacon, philosopher and statesman England, in early XVII in. He claimed that "the appearance and condition of the whole world" were changed by three discoveries unknown to the ancients: the invention of the compass, gunpowder and the printing press.
GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES Trade routes moved from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic (one of the reasons for the decline of Spain and Italy at the beginning of the 17th century). The European market was formed, the countries of Europe were now covered by strong economic and trade ties. The contours of the world market were outlined. Enrichment of social strata and individuals who received entrepreneurial profit from trade or production. "Price Revolution" (40s of the 16th century) Civilizational influence of Europe reverse side had a violation of the natural course historical development countries that became the object of European colonization
WEST AND EAST IN THE EARLY MODERN TIME “West” came to “East” in the 16th century. and, subordinating it to itself over the following centuries, could no longer exist without close ties with it. Constant interaction with the colonized periphery already by the 17th - 18th centuries. became a condition of economic well-being Western Europe. The influence of the modernizing West on the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America was contradictory. Introduction to technical, economic, political achievements led to a violation of the natural course of the historical development of countries that became the object of European colonization, drawn into the emerging world market.
Read an excerpt from the work of the historian L. S. Vasiliev: “Colonialism during the 16th - 18th centuries. did a lot to decisively break the traditional East. By invading Eastern markets, by imposing his own views and principles of social and ethical behavior, by imperiously dictating the law of profit, he achieved something. But in general, not much. Part of the eastern states almost tightly closed their borders from its predatory paws. Others were his victims. But they were by no means in a hurry to adapt to his standards, accept his requirements and change the usual norm. How does the historian assess the degree and consequences of European colonization in the 16th - 18th centuries?
MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: THE ECONOMY The 16th century was also the century of the first manufactories. Manufactory is an enterprise based on the division of labor and handicraft techniques. Centralized Dispersed Artisans worked in their workshops, cut off by the merchant-entrepreneur from the purchase of raw materials and the sale of products. Large enterprises in which the production process was carried out by workers who were in the same room.
MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: THE ECONOMY The purpose of production was to make a profit. It was no longer “blood-ennobling landownership” but “despicable money” (M. A. Barg) that was the object of desire, the true nerve of social activity.
MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: SOCIETY Society was going through dramatic, painful processes: Robbers from the main road felt themselves to be a completely at ease symptom of the transitional state of society. The reason for this was the complex economic processes that torn big number people away from habitual occupations and means of production.
MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: SOCIETY Hard times were experienced by the nobility. Its importance as a military class declined with the introduction of firearms, and the real value of fixed rents from land also declined under the price revolution. Part of the nobility saw a way out in agricultural entrepreneurship, participation in trading companies, and the introduction of short-term leases on their lands. This was the so-called new nobility.
MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: SOCIETY A special bourgeoisie of the 16th-17th centuries was taking shape. Its composition was motley and heterogeneous: merchants, successful guild masters, large merchants, bankers, representatives of the emerging state bureaucracy, industrial entrepreneurs. The incomes of these strata grew, they participated in domestic and overseas trade, took state taxes at the mercy of state taxes, and acquired public positions for money, which gave both prestige and profit.
MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: SOCIETY The fate of the peasantry was not easy. The increase in rents and the amount of state taxes placed a heavy burden on the peasant economy. The number of wage laborers also increased, and their social position was unenviable.
MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: SOCIETY The most important feature social processes that took place in the European society of the 16th century, it should be recognized that the social mobility (mobility) of the population is incomparable with the Middle Ages. social status individuals changed overnight: huge fortunes arose, aristocratic titles and titles became available.
MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY The 16th century is the initial phase of the transition to capitalism, which was established on the scale of Europe only by the 19th century. The word "capital", which appeared in the XII - XIII centuries, meant: "value", "stock of goods", "mass of money", "interest-bearing money". In the 17th century began to use the word "capitalist" - the owner of money capital.
MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY The concept of "capitalism" first entered science only in the second half of the 19th century. Some scientists see the main property of capitalism in the emergence of a market of goods, labor and capital free from restrictions. Others consider it a defining feature a high degree rationality, which is manifested both in the organization of production and in relation to work and allows you to subordinate economic life to standards that meet the requirements of efficiency and profitability. In domestic historiography, capitalism is often defined, based on the sociological concept of K. Marx, as a formation based on the private ownership of the bourgeois class on the means of production, the exploitation of wage workers deprived of the means of production and forced to sell their labor power. We also note that in modern science instead of the term "capitalism" the term "industrial society" is often used.
