The largest country in the world - Russia - has a powerful structured potential of the Armed Forces. Control over the fulfillment of the lawful duty of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the central bodies of military command, to which four territorial districts with all types and branches of the troops of the Russian Federation are subordinate.

The entire structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is subject to the Commander-in-Chief - the President of the Russian Federation. Having the right to impose martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation, he can also adopt new directives and laws. The fulfillment of these laws is a sacred duty for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

General Staff and Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

The command and control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is controlled by the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation rely on the General Staff as the main body of operational control of the entire structure as a whole.

After the reform of the RF Armed Forces in 2008, the work of the General Staff to ensure the country's security was divided into two areas:

Strategic use and construction of the RF Armed Forces;

Comprehensive planning of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation distributes responsibility between the existing units into two levels.

1. Responsibility for combat training lies with the main commands of the types of troops, formations and formations.
2. Responsibility for operational readiness lies with the formations, the General Staff and the joint strategic commands.

After the reform, the General Staff focused on fulfilling new responsibilities. As a result, it became the main governing body of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Distribution of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation into military districts

The distribution of the territory of the state into military districts is practiced not only in the Russian Federation, but also in many other countries. This was done in order to achieve the most prompt response of the Armed Forces to aggression or other illegal actions against the interests of the Russian Federation on its specific territory.

Thus, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were divided into four military districts.

1. Western VO (management from St. Petersburg).
2. Eastern Military District (management from Khabarovsk).
3. Southern VO (management from Rostov-on-Don).
4. Central VO (management from Yekaterinburg).

Each VO makes up the types of the Armed Forces, the types of troops of the Russian Federation.

Types and types of troops of the Russian Federation

The command and control of the Armed Forces is divided into three types and some types of troops of the Russian Federation. The types of troops are:

• ground troops;
• air Force;
• military navy RF.

Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Russian Navy

The Russian Navy conducts surveillance and control over the entire coastal territory of Russia. This type of RF Armed Forces has distributed all duties among four defensive fleets. These include fleets: Pacific, Baltic, Black Sea and Northern, as well as the Caspian flotilla.

The Caspian Flotilla alone includes:

Submarine and surface forces;

Coastal troops and naval aviation;

Service and support units;

Air Force

The Russian Air Force gives priority to the protection and security of the military and government controlled countries, strategic facilities of missile and nuclear forces, military groupings and especially important areas of the country.

As a result, the Air Force prevents air attacks and infiltration of enemy intelligence. Also, the Air Force significantly increases the mobility of the army. The tasks of the Air Force include conducting extensive reconnaissance and performing special tasks, as well as protecting the state from attack by military and nuclear fire.

Kind of sun

All branches of the Armed Forces, including the Russian branches of the armed forces - component Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, specially formed to conduct military operations in all elements (earth, air, water).

Three independent subdivisions are referred to the arms of the Armed Forces.

1. Rocket troops of strategic importance.
2. Airborne troops of the Russian Federation.
3. Space troops.

Strategic Rocket Forces

The Strategic Missile Forces is considered an independent arm of the Russian Federation. These troops were created to protect against a possible nuclear attack by the enemy, as well as to attack and completely destroy the military and economic potential of the enemy.

The Strategic Missile Forces consist of armies and missile divisions. Also under the control of the Strategic Missile Forces are military educational complexes, institutions, training grounds and enterprises.

The basis of the weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces are missile systems of both stationary and mobile types. The most active period and the highest combat readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces is combat duty.

Airborne Troops

The Airborne Forces belong to an independent branch of the military. They have mobile training of high value. Specifics of the Airborne Forces - active fighting from the air and conducting operations in its rear.

When it comes to tactically making important decisions or performing operational combat missions, the Airborne Forces have the authority to act independently. This applies to both major and local conflicts.

Although the Airborne Forces cannot be attributed to numerous ones, but 95% of this branch of the military consists of units of regular combat readiness.

The VDV includes:

• four divisions;
• 31 airborne brigade;
• Ryazan Institute of the Airborne Forces;
• service and support parts;
• 242 military training centers.

space troops

The space arms of the Armed Forces are a relatively new and independent arm of the armed forces. Designed by KV to prevent a missile attack on the territory of Russia and allied countries.

If enemy ballistic missiles attack the defended area, the HF immediately react and resist, providing security. HF also controls outer space. The task of the spacecraft is also the fulfillment of the Federal program of Russia for the study and development of near space.

The space arms of the Russian Federation include:

Testing center;

Parts of the troops of the missile attack warning system;

Parts of the space control troops;

Parts of the anti-missile defense forces of the Russian Federation;

Center for control and management of space facilities. Titov;

Russian government spaceports.

Other types of aircraft

The types of the Armed Forces and branches of the Russian Federation, which play an important role in protecting the state, include those that ensure the protection of the state territory in the sphere of the individual, society and the state. This type is the border troops of the FSB of the Russian Federation. Under the protection of the FSB fall the continental shelf of the Russian Federation, internal waters and territorial seas. Search and reconnaissance from the air is carried out by border aviation.

Aviation of the border troops:

• provides air mobility of troops;
• evacuation of the injured, wounded;
• delivery of military equipment.

Internal troops

No less important is the protection of the rights of citizens of the country, which is provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. These troops protect the interests of society, protect citizens, their rights and freedom. The Ministry of Internal Affairs provides security from crimes and illegal encroachments on the property and personality of citizens of the Russian Federation.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs include:

Compliance with the regime of martial law;

Neutralization of suspicious formations;

Prevention of conflicts dangerous for the state;

Protection of state objects of special importance;

Public order protection;

The personnel of the explosives gain experience in military service in formations and operational troops.

Civil Defense Troops

The Ministry of Emergency Situations belongs to the civil defense forces. Since, after the adoption of the Geneva Convention, it was decided that the troops of the Ministry of Emergency Situations do not participate in hostilities, during the war they regularly provide humanitarian assistance and protect the civilian population.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations is armed with rescue equipment. The type of activity of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is aimed at combating the consequences of fires, earthquakes and other disasters. In peacetime, the Ministry of Emergency Situations trains citizens to protect themselves. The responsibilities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations include the evacuation of the population in the event of a military conflict. Thus, we received an answer to the question of what types of troops help the population in an emergency.

In the political arena of any state, there is always that kind of internecine conflicts that are quite difficult to resolve by diplomatic means. Due to certain circumstances of external relations, most world countries prefer to maintain their own army, which, if necessary, can be used to defend and protect the state.

Military arsenal of the countries of the world

Now, in the struggle for primacy in the number and power of the armed forces, several states compete, including:

• China;
• Russia;
• Turkey;
• Japan.

The United States has achieved its leadership position due to the high development of the research and development industry, for the maintenance of which funds come from the federal budget. Unfortunately, the Russian Federation in terms of equipment military equipment significantly inferior to both the United States and China, but the main advantage in the Russian army is its many years of experience gained on the basis of the wars experienced in the previous century.

In the event of a military threat, Russia has the opportunity to deploy an army, the size of which is 2 times the size of the army trained by the United States. The size of the population plays a significant role in this balance of power, and our country is in an advantageous position in this aspect.

Despite the time-hardened and honed combat skills, Russian discipline is significantly inferior to the Japanese, which somewhat undermines its military world authority. But, nevertheless, our country is still among the strongest powers in terms of the army, it controls the largest number of nuclear weapons, and in this aspect it is the absolute leader.

Staff strength of the national army

As of 2018, the total composition of the Russian troops has more than a million soldiers, which puts the country in the third position in terms of costs in this field of activity. The ground forces are currently recognized as the most numerous - about 400 thousand people. Aviation and navy have approximately the same number of military personnel, 150,000 in each branch of service. This distribution is due to the fact that armies operating on land are capable of performing a much wider range of military tasks, they have the prerogative to act more quickly than units with a specific function.

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In comparison with other types of troops, they have certain advantages, for example, tank divisions are aimed at locations where there is a high probability of breaking through the defenses of a potential enemy, that is, their actions involve multi-stage preparation and include more opportunities and ways to achieve the goal. But at the same time, ground forces are not ubiquitous, there are territories in which they are practically useless.

At such locations, bombers and fighters come into play if the goal is to destroy enemy ammunition or equipment, which may be located in hard-to-reach places. The readiness of the navy to take advantageous positions on the water will make it possible to gain advantages over the enemy in order to carry out subsequent tasks. In recent years, the renewal of the air and naval forces in Russia has been going on constantly, the methods of conducting combat operations have been modernized, and their condition has been continuously monitored. As a result, the high professional competence of military personnel.

Space Forces, consisting of just over 120 thousand people, were created in the state of active military units in order to detect enemy missile installations. Their responsibilities include supplying information to the General Staff about the likelihood of missile attacks, recognizing a threat that can come from space by monitoring the behavior of space objects.

The smallest are the airborne troops, their total is 35 thousand soldiers. The military tasks of this unit are one-sided, so the percentage of the total number of Russian armies is minimal.

Reserve of mobilization troops of the Russian Federation

Along with the active army in Russia there is a potential and organized reserve. Assuming how many people can be called up for service in the event of martial law, the experts set the figure at 31 million. According to statistical indicators, in Russia 2018 shows a trend towards a decrease in this number by 4 times, and a further reduction in the potential reserve is expected.

Specialists reckon 20 thousand people to the organized structure. An elementary explanation for this is the lack of need for additional numbers of people, because in the near future a direct threat from other states is not expected.

Proposed changes in the Russian army

The military training of Russia in the future provides for a number of reforms. Compared to 2017 data, domestic army increased by 250,000 armed fighters, so there was a shortage of so-called "non-combat" military specialties, and in the future, the bias in subsequent recruitments will be made on them. An attempt was made to reduce the number of military personnel involved in some ranks. For example, it was planned to replace warrant officers with sergeants as an alternative, but this technique failed, since most of the sergeants did not enter into a long-term contract for further service.

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The size of the Russian army cannot but affect the composition of military equipment. This includes the creation of reliable and safe bases for the storage of ammunition, the optimization of military construction, it is planned to introduce new models of tanks, aircraft, and anti-aircraft guns. However, at present, in comparison with foreign analogues, the armament of the Russian army requires additional scientific and technical developments.

Page content

Tactical training. Topic 1.

1. Purpose, organization and structure of the Armed ForcesRussian Federation

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (AF of Russia)- the state military organization of the Russian Federation, designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation - Russia, for the armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of its territory, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with Russia's international treaties.
The Armed Forces of Russia were created by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on May 7, 1992. They form the basis of the defense of the state. In addition, the Border Troops of the Russian Federation, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Railway Troops Russian Federation, troops of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation, civil defense troops.
Along with external functions in peaceful and war time The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be called upon to maintain order in an emergency, to eliminate major accidents and catastrophes, and to solve certain national economic problems.
General leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is exercised by the Supreme Commander. According to the Constitution and the Law "On Defense" it is the President of Russia.
The direct leadership of the Russian Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defense through the Ministry of Defense. The main body of operational command and control of the troops and fleet of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the General Staff.
The Russian Armed Forces have a three-service structure in terms of their areas of application - land,

air, sea, which is more in line with today's requirements and allows you to increase the effectiveness of combat use.
The armed forces are structurally composed of three types:
- Ground troops;
- Air Force;
- Navy;
three separate branches of the military:
- Strategic Rocket Forces;
- Troops of the Aerospace Defense;
- Airborne troops;
as well as troops that are not included in the types of the Armed Forces: Logistics of the Armed Forces, organizations and military
ski parts of the construction and quartering of troops.

2. Purpose, organization and structure of the Ground Forces

The Ground Forces (SV) is one of the main types of the Armed Forces, which is assigned a decisive role in the final defeat of the enemy in the continental theater of operations (THA) and the capture of important land areas.
In terms of their combat capabilities, they are capable, in cooperation with other branches of the armed forces, of conducting an offensive in order to defeat the groupings of enemy troops and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to a great depth, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large air and sea assault forces, firmly hold the occupied territories, areas and frontiers.
The ground forces of Russia at all stages of the existence of our state played the most important, and often decisive role in achieving victory over the enemy, protecting national interests.

The history of the creation of the SV goes far into the depths of centuries. October 1, 1550 was a historical turning point in the construction and development of the regular Russian army. On this day, the Tsar of All Russia Ivan Vasilievich IV (Grozny) issued a Sentence (Decree) “On the deployment of a selected thousand service people in Moscow and the surrounding districts”, which, in fact, laid the foundations for the first permanent army, which had signs of a regular army. In accordance with the decree, archery regiments (“firearms infantry”) and a permanent guard service were created, and the “outfit” of artillery was singled out as an independent branch of the military. The archers were armed with improved artillery, mine-explosive weapons, and handguns. In addition, the system of recruitment and military service was streamlined in local army, organized centralized management of the army and its supply, established a permanent stay in the service in peacetime and wartime.

The ground forces are armed with tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), armored personnel carriers, artillery of various capacities and purposes, anti-tank missile systems, anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM), controls, automatic small arms.
With the outbreak of war, the main burden falls on the NE to repel enemy aggression with combat-ready groupings of troops in peacetime, to ensure the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and to conduct operations to defeat the aggressor in cooperation with other branches of the Russian Armed Forces.
SV include: motorized rifle, tank troops, rocket troops and artillery, air defense forces (Air Defense) and special forces, as well as military schools, military units and institutions.

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the army, which forms the basis of the SV, the core of their battle formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-2, BMP-3), armored personnel carriers (BTR-80, BTR-90), artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missiles complexes and installations, effective means of reconnaissance and control.

Motorized rifle troops are designed to conduct combat operations independently and jointly with other branches of the military and special troops. They are capable of operating under the conditions of using both conventional weapons and nuclear weapons (NW). Possessing powerful fire, high mobility, maneuverability and resistance to the impact of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), motorized rifle troops can break through prepared and hastily taken enemy defenses, develop an offensive at a high rate and to a great depth, destroy the enemy together with other branches of the military, consolidate and hold captured area. Motorized rifle formations and units have the ability to quickly make marches over long distances, conduct maneuverable combat operations at any time of the year and day, in any weather and on various terrain, independently force water barriers, capture important lines and objects, and also create a stable defense. They can be used as air and sea landings.
Together with the tank troops, they perform the following main tasks:
- on the defensive they hold the occupied areas, lines and positions, repel enemy attacks and defeat his advancing groupings;
- in an offensive (counter-offensive) they break through the enemy's defenses, destroy groupings of his troops, capture important areas, lines and objects, force water barriers, pursue the retreating enemy;
- conduct oncoming battles and battles, operate as part of naval and tactical airborne assault forces.
Subunits are organized organizationally in such a way as to ensure high mobility on the battlefield and rapid deployment into battle formation, ease of control, the ability to conduct a stubborn and prolonged battle in any situation, the ability to independently conduct combat operations and deliver a powerful fire strike from long and short ranges. To divisions motorized rifle troops includes squad, platoon, company and battalion.

Tank forces form the main striking force SV is a powerful means of armed struggle, designed to solve the most important tasks in various types of military operations, to conduct combat operations independently and in cooperation with other branches of the armed forces and special forces.

They are used mainly in the main directions for inflicting powerful and deep blows on the enemy. Possessing great firepower, reliable protection, high mobility and maneuverability, tank troops are able to make the most complete use of the results of nuclear and fire strikes and achieve the final goals of a battle and operation in a short time.

In the offensive, the tank troops resolutely attack the enemy, destroying his tanks, manpower, fire weapons and military equipment. They rapidly develop the offensive into the depth of defense, hold the captured lines and objects, repel counterattacks, force water barriers, pursue the retreating enemy, conduct reconnaissance, and also perform a number of other tasks.

In defense, tanks with well-aimed fire from a place and sudden counterattacks destroy advancing enemy tanks and infantry, and firmly hold their positions. Big firepower tanks, their maneuverability and ability to withstand missile, artillery and aviation strikes make it possible to create a stable and active defense.
For the convenience of conducting combat operations, tanks are reduced to platoons, companies and battalions. The primary unit is the tank.

Missile Forces and Artillery (RViA)- the main firepower and the most important operational means of the SV in solving combat missions to defeat enemy groupings. They are designed to inflict effective fire damage on the enemy.
In the course of hostilities, RV&A can perform a wide variety of fire missions: suppress or destroy enemy manpower, fire weapons, artillery, rocket launchers, tanks, self-propelled artillery mounts and other types of enemy military equipment; destroy various defensive structures; to forbid the enemy to maneuver, to conduct defensive work.
The primary firing units in the RV&A are a gun, a mortar, a rocket artillery combat vehicle, a launcher, capable of performing individual fire missions.

Air defense troops SV (air defense SV)- a branch of the SV troops, designed to cover troops and objects from the actions of enemy air attack weapons when combined arms formations and formations conduct operations (combat operations), regroup (march) and deploy on the spot. They are responsible for the following main tasks:
- carrying out combat duty for air defense;
- in conducting reconnaissance of an air enemy and alerting troops covered;
- destruction of enemy air attack means in flight;
- participation in the conduct of anti-missile defense in the theater of operations.
Organizationally, the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces consist of military command and control bodies, air defense command posts, anti-aircraft missile (rocket-artillery) and radio engineering formations, military units and subunits. They are capable of destroying enemy air attack weapons over the entire range of altitudes (extremely low - up to 200 m, low - from 200 to 1,000 m, medium - from 1,000 to 4,000 m, high - from 4,000 to 12,000 m and in the stratosphere - more than 12,000 m) and flight speeds.

Formations, military units and air defense units of the Ground Forces are equipped with anti-aircraft missile systems, anti-aircraft artillery, anti-aircraft gun-missile systems (systems) and man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) of various reach, channels and methods of missile guidance. Depending on the range of destruction of air targets, they are divided into short-range systems - up to 10 km, short-range - up to 30 km, medium-range - up to 100 km and long-range - more than 100 km.
Further development Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces is carried out by increasing the mobility, survivability, secrecy of work, the degree of automation, fire performance, expanding the parameters of the affected area, reducing the reaction time and weight and size characteristics of anti-aircraft missile (rocket and artillery) systems.

Intelligence units units are designed to provide commanders with data on the enemy, terrain and weather conditions, which is necessary for the preparation and successful conduct of combat, as well as for the destruction and disablement of important enemy targets.
The most important task of reconnaissance units in modern combat is the timely detection of enemy nuclear weapons, battle formations, troop concentration areas, command posts, artillery positions, air defense and anti-tank weapons.

Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense Troops (RCBZ) designed for chemical support of the aircraft. In modern combined-arms combat, they are entrusted with conducting radiation, chemical and non-specific bacteriological reconnaissance; decontamination, decontamination and disinfection of weapons, uniforms and other materiel and terrain; ensuring control over the contamination of personnel, weapons and equipment with radioactive and toxic substances, control over changes in the degree of contamination of the area, masking troops with smoke and aerosols, timely provision of units and subunits with protective equipment, as well as defeating the enemy with flamethrower weapons.

Engineering Troops designed to ensure combat operations of all types of aircraft and combat arms. Engineer troops must ensure high rates of attack, including the destruction of strong enemy strongholds covered by mine-explosive barriers (MBZ), create insurmountable defensive lines in a short time, and help protect people and equipment from all types of destruction.

Signal Corps- special troops designed to deploy a communications system and provide control of formations, formations and subunits of the Ground Forces in peacetime and wartime. They are also entrusted with the tasks of operating automation systems and means at control points.
Signal troops include nodal and linear formations and units, units and subunits technical support communications and automated systems
management, communications security services, courier and postal communications, etc.

Modern signal troops are equipped with mobile, high-reliability radio relay, tropospheric, space stations, high-frequency telephony equipment, voice-frequency telegraphy, television and photographic equipment, switching equipment and special equipment for classifying messages.

3. Purpose, organization and structure of the Air ForceArmed Forces of the Russian Federation

Air Force (Air Force)- the most mobile and maneuverable type of the RF Armed Forces, designed to ensure the security and protection of Russia's interests at the air borders of the country, strike at enemy air, land and sea groups, its administrative-political and military-economic centers. It is entrusted with the strategic task of state importance - reliable protection of administrative-political, military-industrial centers, communication centers, forces and means of the highest military and state administration, facilities of the Unified Energy System and other important elements of the national economic infrastructure of Russia from attacks by an aggressor from the aerospace space.

The role of the Air Force in providing national security countries in the military sphere is constantly increasing. Versatility, speed, range, high maneuverability are the distinguishing operational and strategic properties of the Air Force. They manifest themselves in the ability to conduct effective combat operations day and night, in simple and difficult weather conditions, in various physical spheres: on land, at sea and in aerospace; in readiness to strike with the use of high-precision weapons from short, medium and long ranges against various ground and sea surface objects (targets); use conventional and nuclear weapons; conduct aerial reconnaissance in the interests of all types of aircraft; carry out landing, transportation of troops and military equipment, solve a number of other tasks throughout the entire depth of the operational formation of enemy troops in the deep rear. No other type of aircraft has such operational properties.
In an ordinary large-scale war, the Air Force is capable of solving a complex of operational-strategic tasks. In particular, this may be the defeat of enemy aviation, anti-aircraft and nuclear missile groups; air support for ground forces; weakening the military-economic potential of the enemy; defeat of its operational and strategic reserves in the areas of their concentration and on the routes of advance.
Structurally, the Air Force consists of aviation, anti-aircraft missile troops (ZRV), radio engineering troops (RTV), special troops(units and subunits of electronic warfare (EW); RKhBZ; communications and radio technical support; topographic and geodetic; engineering and airfield; meteorological, etc.), military units and rear services, other military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations.

Air Force Aviation (Av VVS) according to its purpose and tasks to be solved, it is divided into long-range, military transport, operational-tactical and army aviation, which include bomber, assault, fighter, reconnaissance, transport and special aviation.
Organizationally, the AB Air Force consists of air bases that are part of the Air Force formations, as well as other units and organizations directly subordinate to the Air Force Commander-in-Chief.

Long Range Aviation (YES) is a means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is designed to solve strategic (operational-strategic) and operational tasks in the theater of operations (strategic directions).
The formations and units of the DA are armed with strategic and long-range bombers, tanker aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft. Operating mainly in strategic depth, DA formations and units perform the following main tasks: defeating air bases, airfields), ground-based missile systems, aircraft carriers and other surface ships, objects from enemy reserves, military-industrial facilities, administrative and political centers, energy facilities and hydraulic structures, naval bases and ports, command posts of formations of the armed forces and operational air defense control centers in the theater of operations, land communications facilities, landing units and convoys; mining from the air. Part of the DA forces may be involved in conducting aerial reconnaissance and performing special tasks. DA is a component of strategic nuclear forces.
The basis of the aircraft fleet is made up of Tu-160 and Tu-95MS strategic missile carriers, Tu-22M3 long-range missile carrier bombers, Il-78 tanker aircraft and Tu-22MR reconnaissance aircraft.
The main armament of the aircraft: long-range aviation cruise missiles and operational-tactical missiles in nuclear and conventional warheads, as well as aviation bombs of various purposes and calibers.
Air patrol flights are a practical demonstration of the spatial indicators of the combat capabilities of long-range aviation.
Tu-95MS and Tu-160 aircraft to the area of ​​Iceland Island and the Norwegian Sea; to the North Pole and to the area of ​​the Aleutian Islands; along the east coast of South America.
Analysis modern views to the purpose of the YES assigned to it
tasks, predicted conditions for their implementation show that at present and in the future, the DA continues to be the main strike force of the Air Force.

Military transport aviation (VTA) is a means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is designed to solve strategic (operational-strategic), operational and operational-tactical tasks in the theater of operations (strategic directions).
The military transport aircraft Il-76MD, An-26, An-22, An-124, An-12PP, transport helicopters Mi-8MTV are in service with the formations and units of the VTA. The main tasks of formations and units of the VTA are: landing of units (subunits) of the Airborne Troops from the composition of operational (operational-tactical) airborne assault forces; delivery of weapons, ammunition and materiel to troops operating behind enemy lines; ensuring the maneuver of aviation formations and units; transportation of troops, weapons, ammunition and materiel; evacuation of the wounded and sick, participation in peacekeeping operations. The BTA includes air bases, units and subunits of special forces.
The main directions for the development of the Military Transport Aviation: maintaining and building up the capabilities to ensure the deployment of aircraft in various theaters of operations, airborne landings, transportation of troops and materiel by air through the purchase of new Il-76MD-90A and An-70, Il-112V aircraft and the modernization of aircraft IL-76 MD and An-124.

Operational-tactical aviation designed to solve operational (operational-tactical) and tactical tasks in operations (combat actions) of groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of operations (strategic directions).

Army Aviation (AA) designed to solve operational-tactical and tactical tasks in the course of army operations (combat actions).

Bomber Aviation (BA) armed with strategic, long-range and operational-tactical bombers, is the main strike weapon of the Air Force and is designed to destroy groups of troops, aviation, naval forces the enemy, destroying his important military, military-industrial, energy facilities, communication centers, conducting aerial reconnaissance and mining from the air, mainly in the strategic and operational depths.

Assault Aviation (ShA), armed with attack aircraft, is a means of aviation support for troops (forces) and is designed to destroy troops, ground (sea) objects, as well as enemy aircraft (helicopters) at airfields (sites) based, conducting aerial reconnaissance and mining from the air mainly at the forefront, in tactical and operational-tactical depth.

Fighter Aviation (IA), armed with fighter planes, is designed to destroy enemy aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles in the air and ground (sea) targets of the enemy.

Reconnaissance aviation (RzA), armed with reconnaissance aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles, is designed to conduct aerial reconnaissance of objects, the enemy, terrain, weather, air and ground radiation and chemical conditions.

Transport aviation (TrA), being armed with transport aircraft, is intended for landing airborne assaults, transporting troops, weapons, military and special equipment and other materiel by air, ensuring maneuver and combat operations of troops (forces), and performing special tasks.
Formations, units, subunits of bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance and transport aviation can also be involved in other tasks.

Special Aviation (SpA), armed with aircraft and helicopters, it is designed to perform special tasks (Fig. 1.20). The units and subunits of the SpA are directly or operationally subordinate to the commander of the Air Force formation and are involved in the following tasks: conducting radar reconnaissance and guiding aviation to air and ground (sea) targets; setting of electronic interference and aerosol curtains; search and rescue of flight crews and passengers; refueling aircraft in the air; evacuation of the wounded and sick; providing management and communications; conducting aerial radiation, chemical, biological, engineering reconnaissance, etc.

Anti-aircraft missile troops are a branch of the Air Force; armed with air defense systems and anti-aircraft missile systems (AAMS), they constitute the main firepower in the air defense system (aerospace defense) and are designed to protect command posts (PU) of the highest levels of state and military administration, groupings of troops (forces), the most important industrial and economic centers and other facilities from attacks by enemy aerospace attack weapons (AAS) within the affected zones.
ZRV consist of anti-aircraft missile brigades (zrbr), which organizationally are part of the Air Force formation, the aerospace defense brigade, as well as units and organizations directly subordinate to the Air Force Commander-in-Chief (Air Force Command).
Modern Russian anti-aircraft missile systems S-300, S-400, anti-aircraft missile and gun system (ZRPK) "Pantsir-S1" are capable of destroying various air targets, including hitting ballistic missile warheads.
The main directions for the development of air defense missile systems of the Air Force: improving air defense groupings and building up their capabilities through the adoption of new medium-range and long-range air defense systems S-400, long-range S-500, short-range air defense missile systems "Pantsir-S (SM)" and modernization of existing air defense systems medium-range S-300PM to the level of S-300PM2.

Radio engineering troops are part of the Air Force. Armed with radio equipment and automation systems, they are designed to conduct radar reconnaissance of an air enemy and issue radar information about the air situation within the radar field to the air force and other types of control and
military branches of the Armed Forces, on launchers with combat means of aviation, anti-aircraft missiles and electronic warfare (EW) in solving peacetime and wartime tasks.
RTV consist of radio engineering brigades (rtbr), which are organizationally part of the Air Force association, the aerospace defense brigade, as well as other units and organizations directly subordinate to the Air Force Civil Code.
In peacetime, all deployed units and command posts
(KP) formations and units of the RTV are on alert, perform security tasks state border in the airspace.

Air Force Special Troops designed to support the combat activities of formations, formations and units. Organizationally, units and subunits of special forces are part of the formations, formations and units of the Air Force.
The special forces include: units and subunits of reconnaissance, communications, electronic support and automated control systems, electronic warfare, engineering, RKhBZ, topographic and geodetic, search and rescue, meteorological, aeronautical, moral, psychological, logistical and medical support, parts of security and protection military authorities.

4. Purpose, organization and structure of the NavyArmed Forces of the Russian Federation

Navy (Navy) - the main component and basis of the maritime potential Russian state. It is designed to maintain strategic stability, ensure Russia's national interests in the World Ocean and the country's reliable security in the maritime and ocean areas.

The list of tasks of the Navy is quite large. For example, its forces in peacetime solve such tasks as combat patrols and duty of strategic missile submarines; ensuring the reliability and safety of the functioning of the naval strategic nuclear forces (NSNF); combat service in operationally important areas of the seas and oceans; maintaining a favorable operational regime in adjacent and inland seas; protection of the state border in the underwater environment, assistance marine units border troops in solving the tasks assigned to them for the protection of the state border and maritime economic regions of the Russian Federation, etc.
The most important combat tasks of the Navy are: strategic nuclear deterrence (by creating a threat to destroy administrative, economic and military facilities on enemy territory); ensuring combat stability of strategic missile submarines (RPLSN); assistance to the troops of the fronts (armies) in the conduct of operations and combat operations in coastal areas; defeat of enemy ship groups; creating and maintaining a favorable operational regime, gaining and maintaining dominance in the adjacent seas and operationally important areas (zones) of the ocean; violation of maritime and oceanic military and economic transportation of the enemy, etc.
The modern Navy includes NSNF and general-purpose naval forces. Among the branches of the forces of the Navy are submarine and surface forces, naval aviation and coastal troops, marines and special forces.
The structure of the Navy is determined geographic location The Russian Federation and consists of four fleets (Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea) and the Caspian flotilla, where they are brought together into the corresponding formations and formations - flotillas, squadrons, naval bases, divisions, brigades and regiments.
At present, all the fleets, the available combat and supporting forces and means are able to solve the assigned tasks, including not only in the near sea zone of the adjacent seas, but also in remote areas of the World Ocean.

Submarine Forces (PL) they are subdivided: according to the main armament - into missile and torpedo, and according to the main power plant - into nuclear and diesel (Fig. 1.25). Submarines are armed with cruise and ballistic missiles with underwater launch and torpedoes. Rockets and torpedoes can be nuclear or conventional. Modern submarines are capable of hitting enemy ground targets, searching for and destroying enemy submarines, as well as inflicting powerful strikes on surface ship groups, including aircraft carriers, landing units and convoys, both independently and in cooperation with other fleet forces.

Surface Forces (NS) are designed to search for and destroy submarines, combat surface ships, land amphibious assault forces on the coast of the enemy, detect and neutralize sea mines, and perform a number of other tasks. The combat stability of surface ship groupings depends on the effectiveness of their anti-aircraft and anti-submarine defenses. Surface ships and boats, depending on their purpose, are divided into classes: missile, anti-submarine, artillery and torpedo, anti-mine, landing, etc. Rocket ships (boats) are armed with cruise missiles and are capable of destroying enemy surface ships and transports at sea. Anti-submarine ships are designed to search for and destroy enemy submarines in coastal and remote areas of the sea. They are armed with anti-submarine helicopters, missiles and torpedoes, depth charges. Artillery and torpedo ships (cruisers, destroyers, etc.) are used mainly as security forces in convoys and landing detachments, as well as to cover the latter at sea crossings, to provide fire support for landings during landing, and to perform other tasks.
Anti-mine ships are used to detect and neutralize enemy mines in the navigation areas of their own submarines, surface ships and transports. They are equipped with radio-electronic means capable of detecting bottom and anchor mines, and various trawls for clearing mines. Landing ships are used for transporting by sea and landing on the coast occupied by the enemy, subunits and units marines and NEs acting as amphibious assault forces.

5. Appointment, organization and structure of individual military branchesArmed Forces of the Russian Federation

Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN)- troops of constant readiness. Their purpose is to deter a potential aggressor from unleashing a war against Russia and its allies, as well as to defeat in a nuclear war (if it is unleashed) the most important enemy facilities, large groupings of the armed forces, destroy its strategic and other means of nuclear attack, violate the state and military command, disorganization of rear activities.
AT modern conditions The Strategic Missile Forces are called upon to solve three interrelated tasks: first, the destruction of strategic targets by nuclear missile strikes, which form the basis of the military and military-economic potential of the enemy; secondly, the warning of the Supreme High Command about a rocket and space attack, the implementation of continuous monitoring of outer space, the destruction of enemy ballistic missiles; thirdly, information support by space means of operations and combat operations of the armed forces groupings.
The troops carry out their tasks by delivering nuclear missile strikes both in cooperation with strategic nuclear weapons of other types of armed forces, and independently.

Aerospace Defense Troops (VKO)- a fundamentally new type of troops, which is designed to ensure the security of Russia in the aerospace sphere.
The troops of the aerospace defense solve a wide range of tasks, the main of which are:
- providing the highest levels of management with reliable information about the detection of ballistic missile launches and warning of a missile attack;
- defeat of warheads of ballistic missiles of a potential enemy attacking important state facilities;
- protection of launchers of the highest levels of state and military administration, groupings of troops (forces), the most important industrial and economic centers and other objects from enemy airborne strikes within the affected zones;
- monitoring space objects and identifying threats to Russia in and from space, and, if necessary, parrying such threats;
- implementation of launches of spacecraft into orbits, control of satellite systems for military and dual (military and civil) purposes in flight and the use of some of them in the interests of providing the troops (forces) of the Russian Federation with the necessary information;
- maintaining in the established composition and readiness for the use of military and dual-use satellite systems, their launch and control means, and a number of other tasks.

The assigned tasks of the Aerospace Defense Forces are carried out as part of the space
command, including the forces and means of space control systems, missile attack warning, orbital control
grouping, command of air defense and anti-missile defense (ABM) consisting of
air defense brigades and missile defense formations, as well as the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
Airborne Troops (VDV) designed for combat
behind enemy lines. The main combat properties of the Airborne Forces: the ability to quickly reach remote areas of the theater of operations, deliver surprise attacks on the enemy, and successfully conduct combined arms combat. The Airborne Forces can quickly capture and hold important areas deep behind enemy lines, violate his state and military administration, seize islands, sections of the sea coast, naval and air bases, assist the advancing troops in forcing large water barriers on the move and quickly overcome mountainous areas, and destroy important enemy targets. The Airborne Forces carry out their tasks in cooperation with formations and units of various types of the Armed Forces and combat arms. The main military formations of the Airborne Forces are airborne divisions, brigades and separate units.

Rear of the Armed Forces It is designed to provide logistics for the troops and naval forces with everything necessary in the interests of their effective life. Moreover, even in peacetime, the Rear of the Armed Forces does not have training tasks, since not a single rocket or aircraft can be refueled conditionally, a soldier cannot be conditionally equipped and conditionally fed. Both in war and in peaceful conditions, real and full-fledged support is expected from the rear of the Armed Forces.
The tasks of the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are related to ensuring the constant and mobilization readiness of the Armed Forces and the fulfillment by them of their functional purpose. This is the procurement and delivery of food, clothing, ammunition, fuel, the organization of medical, commercial, transport, and technical support. Briefly, the main task of the Logistics of the Armed Forces can be described as follows: each serviceman must be fed, shod, dressed, and have everything necessary for combat operations on time.
Thus, the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation discussed above makes it possible to fulfill any tasks assigned to them for the protection and defense of the country, the protection of its citizens and the defense of its interests. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Appointment and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The Russian Armed Forces is a state military organization that forms the basis of the country's defense.

They are designed to repulse aggression against the state, armed defense of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation and its allies, as well as to fulfill the tasks of the state in accordance with international treaties to carry out peacekeeping activities both independently and as part of international organizations.

The changed foreign policy situation in recent years, the new priorities for ensuring national security have set tasks for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which can be structured in four main areas:

Deter military and military-political threats to the security or interests of the Russian Federation;

Ensuring the economic and political interests of Russia;

Implementation of military operations in peacetime;

The use of military force to ensure the security of the Russian Federation.

The peculiarities of the development of the military-political situation in the world make it possible for the fulfillment of one task to grow into another, since the most problematic military-political situations from the point of view of the security of the Russian Federation are complex and multifaceted.

Today, one of the priorities in the development of the Russian Armed Forces is still the preservation of the potential of the strategic deterrence forces. The main goal of the Russian policy in this area is to prevent any kind of forceful pressure and aggression against Russia or its allies, and in the event of its unleashing, the guaranteed protection of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and other vital national interests of the state. This policy of the Russian Federation in the field of strategic deterrence is the core of the entire national security system of the country and is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current Russian legislation.

In accordance with the main provisions of the military doctrine of Russia, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can also be used to counter internal sources of military threats and to assist the country's population in the aftermath of accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters.

The leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation - the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are controlled by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central military command and control bodies, associations, formations, military units and organizations that are part of the types and types of troops of the Armed Forces, the Logistics of the Armed Forces and special troops that are not related to the types and types of troops (see diagram)

The type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to fulfill the tasks assigned to them. The types of the Armed Forces include: Ground Forces, Air Force (Air Force),. Navy(Navy).

The branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include: Space Forces, Strategic Rocket Forces, Airborne Forces. A branch of service is understood to be a part of a branch of the Armed Forces, which is distinguished by its main armament, technical equipment, organizational structure, the nature of training, and the ability to perform specific combat missions for interaction with other branches of the armed forces.

Structure of the armed forces Russian Federation

Special troops serve to provide for the types and types of troops and assist them in the performance of combat missions. These include: engineering troops, chemical troops, radio engineering troops, signal troops, automobile troops, road troops and a number of others.

A military district is a territorial combined-arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces. A military district, as a rule, covers the territory of several subjects of the Russian Federation.

The Fleet is the highest operational formation of the Navy. Commanders of districts and fleets direct their troops (forces) through headquarters subordinate to them.

Associations are military formations that include several formations or smaller formations, as well as units and institutions. The formations include the army, the flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Formations are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various types of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as units (subdivisions) of support and maintenance. Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other equivalent military formations.

The military unit is an organizationally independent combat and administrative unit in all types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Military units include all regiments, ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, separate battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and the ships of the Navy - the Naval Flag.

The institutions of the Ministry of Defense include such structures for ensuring the vital activity of the Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest houses, camp sites, etc.

Military educational institutions include military academies, military universities, military institutes and their branches, Suvorov schools, Nakhimov naval school, Moscow military music school and cadet corps.

A part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be part of the joint Armed Forces or be under joint command in accordance with the international treaties of the Russian Federation (for example, as part of the UN peacekeeping forces or collective peacekeeping forces of the CIS in zones of local military conflicts).

Types and branches of the Armed Forces of Russia

Ground Forces are the most numerous branch of the Armed Forces and form the basis of groupings of troops in strategic directions. They are designed to ensure national security and protect our country from external aggression on land, as well as to protect the national interests of Russia within the framework of its international obligations to ensure collective security.

The Ground Forces are also the most ancient branch of the Russian Armed Forces. They lead their history from princely squads Kievan Rus. At present, the Ground Forces include motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, Air Defense Forces and other troops.

The motorized rifle troops are the most numerous type of troops, which form the basis of the Ground Forces, the core of their battle formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, and effective means of reconnaissance and control.

Tank troops constitute the main strike force of the Ground Forces, a powerful means of armed struggle, designed to solve the most important tasks in various types of military operations.

Rocket troops and artillery are the main firepower and the most important operational means of the Ground Forces in solving combat missions to defeat enemy groupings.

Air defense troops are one of the main means of defeating the enemy in the air.

The Ground Forces also include formations and units of special troops, military units and rear services. Air Force (Air Force)

The most mobile and maneuverable type of the Armed Forces, designed to ensure the security and protection of Russia's interests on the air borders of the country, strike at enemy air, land and sea groups, its administrative-political and military-economic centers.

Organizationally, the Air Force consists of aviation associations, formations and units. The Air Force includes the Air Defense Forces (Air Defense), which are designed to protect the administrative, industrial and economic centers and regions of the country, groupings of troops, important military and government facilities from air and space strikes. The tasks of air defense also include warning about the immediate preparation and start of an aerospace attack, covering the most important objects of the country, troops and forces, creating favorable conditions for the deployment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the event of the outbreak of hostilities, and a number of others.

In the course of the ongoing reform of the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces, the commands of long-range aviation and military transport aviation were abolished, the air armies of the Supreme High Command of Strategic Purpose and the Supreme High Command of Military Transport Aviation were formed; The Moscow District of the Air Force and Air Defense was transformed into a Special Purpose Command. The unified organizational structure of the new type consists of:

Bodies of military administration, branches of the Air Defense Forces (anti-aircraft missile troops, radio engineering troops);

Types of aviation (bomber, assault, fighter, reconnaissance, transport, special purpose);

Special troops (units and subunits of electronic warfare; radiation, chemical and biological protection; communications and radio technical support; topographic and geodetic; engineering and airfield; meteorological, etc.);

Military units and institutions of the rear;

Other military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations.

The created Air Force is intended to protect the centers, regions of the country (administrative, industrial and economic), groupings of troops and important objects from enemy air and space strikes, destroy enemy military facilities and the rear of the enemy, ensure combat operations of the Ground Forces and the Naval Fleet.

In peacetime, the Air Force performs the tasks of protecting the state border of Russia in the airspace, notifying about flights / foreign reconnaissance vehicles in the border zone.

The Navy belongs to the branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is one of the most important foreign policy attributes of the state. It is designed to ensure the security and protection of the interests of the Russian Federation in peacetime and wartime at the ocean and sea frontiers.

The structure of the Navy is determined by the geographical position of the Russian Federation and consists of four fleets: the Northern, Pacific, Black Sea, Baltic, as well as the Caspian Flotilla, fleet aviation, squadrons, naval bases, separate formations and units. The fleets also include formations and units of the Marine Corps.

The priority task of the Navy is to prevent the outbreak of wars and armed conflicts, and in the event of aggression, repulse them, cover the country's facilities, forces and troops from oceanic and sea areas, inflict defeat on the enemy, create conditions for preventing hostilities at the earliest possible stage and making peace. on terms that meet the interests of the Russian Federation. In addition, the task of the Navy is to conduct peacekeeping operations by decision of the UN Security Council or in accordance with the international allied obligations of the Russian Federation.

To solve the priority task of the Armed Forces and the Navy - to prevent the outbreak of war, as part of the country's strategic nuclear forces, the Navy retained naval strategic nuclear forces, which have (Certain advantages in comparison with the Strategic Missile Forces and strategic aviation. With such a base nuclear weapon is withdrawn from the territory of its own state, which reduces the threat to the civilian population, and most importantly, submarines become the least vulnerable compared to other nuclear weapons bases.

In addition to naval strategic nuclear forces, the Navy has general-purpose forces. In the event of aggression, they must repel enemy strikes, defeat strike groups of his fleet and prevent large-scale and deep sea operations, as well as, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, ensure the creation of the necessary conditions for the effective conduct of defensive operations in continental theaters of military operations.

The basis of the general-purpose forces of the Navy is the submarine forces, which form the core of the strike potential of the fleet as the most versatile, mobile and powerful branch of forces capable of effectively fighting any naval adversary. Their main element is nuclear submarines.

Russia is a maritime power: its shores are washed by the waters of many seas and oceans, and the length of the maritime border is twice that of the land. The Navy in modern conditions is capable of ensuring the security and protection of the interests of the country in peacetime and wartime at the oceanic and sea frontiers.

The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) are a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and are designed to solve the tasks of nuclear deterrence of an attack, from the outside in the interests of the Russian Federation and our allies, to ensure strategic stability in the world.

Organizationally, the Strategic Missile Forces consist of associations and formations. They are armed with silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, double-based missiles (mine and railway), as well as missiles with mobile launchers. The Strategic Missile Forces are distinguished by high combat readiness, survivability, autonomy and enormous combat power. They have no analogues in the world.

The Space Forces are a fundamentally new branch of the military. Among the main tasks entrusted to them are the conduct of information and reconnaissance operations in outer space; identification of threats to national security emanating from outer space; destruction of warheads of ballistic missiles of a potential enemy. The priority in solving information problems and developing the Space Forces is to ensure long-term guaranteed access to space through a developed ground-based infrastructure and maintain the necessary grouping of military spacecraft in the strategic space zone to ensure the actions of the Armed Forces in all strategic directions.

The Space Forces include: cosmodromes (Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny); G. S. Titov Main Spacecraft Control Center; formations and parts of missile attack warning, space control and missile defense. The airborne troops (VDV) are a branch of the armed forces and are designed to cover the enemy by air and perform tasks in his rear to disorganize military command, destroy nuclear attack weapons, high-precision weapons, capture and hold important areas and facilities, disrupt the rear and communications.

The main military formations of the Airborne Forces are airborne divisions, brigades and separate units.

Thus, a structure has been formed in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation that is more in line with today's requirements and allows effective interaction between various branches and branches of the Armed Forces.

This topic is relevant because over the past decade, the Russian Armed Forces have gone through a difficult path and, like the country as a whole, have been in the process of active reform, which is associated with fundamental changes in geopolitical conditions in the world and the formation of Russian statehood. In the introductory part of the lesson, this should be emphasized.

When studying the first question of the material, the head of the UCP group must use the provisions of the brochure "Actual Tasks for the Development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", which sets out the main views of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense on the specifics of the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the foreseeable future. It also reflects a comprehensive vision of the main directions of development of the army and navy.

When studying the second question, it is necessary to focus the attention of the audience on the fact that in the structure of our Armed Forces there are their branches (Space Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces) and the branches of the troops that are part of the Ground Forces (motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, air defense forces, aviation).

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation. - M., 1993.

2. Actual tasks of development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. // A red star. - 2003, October 11.

3. Memo to the "Warrior of Russia". Publishing house "Rus-Style XXI century", M., 2002.

4. Message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly. // A red star. - 2003, May 20 - 21.

5. Fatherland. Honour. Duty. Tutorial on public-state training. Issue No. 4. - M., 1998.

Lieutenant colonel
Alexander Gordievsky,
senior editor of the magazine

The army, to one degree or another, concerns every citizen, therefore, willy-nilly, people are aware of it. But the army is too generalized and abstract concept, which includes tanks and footcloths, nuclear weapons and stars on shoulder straps, and much more. In order to streamline troops by type, establish a certain hierarchy and divide the territory of the state into controlled areas, there is a special term - the organizational structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. With its help, today we will find out what types and types of troops the modern Russian army consists of, how many military districts our huge country is divided into, and also get acquainted with the system of command of the Russian troops.

The familiar army of Russia is, first of all, a military organization, the date of creation of which is officially considered to be May 7, 1992 (the corresponding Decree of the President of the country was issued on this day). The main purpose of the armed forces of the Russian Federation is to repel an attack from an external military source, as well as to preserve the integrity of the country's territory, in other words, defense. Also, the list of the purpose of the aircraft includes the guaranteed fulfillment of the tasks set on the basis of the international obligations of the Russian Federation.

Territorial structure

Let us first consider the territorial structure of the Russian Armed Forces. Its final formation took place relatively recently, during the period of military reform, so the current version is somewhat different from the structure, for example, 10 years ago. From a military point of view, the territory of the country is divided into 5 districts, in the department of each of which there are certain areas.

1. West. This unit was formed in 2010 by merging the Moscow and Leningrad districts. All military formations located on the territory entrusted to the district, except for the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Forces, are subordinate to the commander. The ZVO includes such regions as Kaliningrad, Kursk, Tver, Tambov, Pskov (plus several others), as well as the cities of the Moscow region and St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region (the headquarters is located in the northern capital).
2. Southern. The district was also formed in 2010, to replace the former North Caucasus. At the disposal of the commander there are troops located in the entrusted territory, except for the Strategic Missile Forces, the Airborne Forces and some other units subordinate to the central high command. The Southern Military District includes such republics as Dagestan, Adygea, Ingushetia, Kalmykia, Crimea (plus a few more), as well as 2 territories, 3 regions and the city of Sevastopol. The headquarters headed by the commander of the Southern Military District is located in Rostov-on-Don.
3. Central. Year of foundation and formation - 2010. Previous units - Volga-Ural and Siberian (partially) districts. In terms of the entrusted territory, the Central Military District is the leader among the districts (about 40% of the entire territory of Russia is within its boundaries). The district includes such republics as Tatarstan, Khakassia, Mordovia, Mari El (and others). In addition, the composition includes 3 regions, 15 regions and 2 autonomous region a. The department of the Central Military District also has the Gatchina military base No. 201 stationed in Tajikistan. The headquarters is located in the city of Yekaterinburg.
4. Oriental. A military unit was formed in 2010 from the second part of the Siberian Military District, as well as the Far East. The Eastern District ranks second in terms of the area of ​​entrusted territory (about 7 million square kilometers). The VVO includes 2 republics, 4 territories, 3 regions, the Jewish Autonomy, as well as the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The headquarters, headed by the commander of the district, is located in Khabarovsk.
5. Northernfleet. During the military reform in 2010, the Northern Fleet, together with the Baltic Fleet, was decided to be included in the ZVO, but in 2014 a special strategic command"North". As a result, the fleet became an independent military unit (in fact, it is the fifth military district). The headquarters of the IC "Sever" is located in the city of Severomorsk.

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Composition of the army

The Russian army includes 3 types of armed forces (SV, VVS, Navy), as well as 3 types of troops directly subordinate to the central high command (Airborne Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, VKS). Consider each of the combat units in more detail.

Ground troops

SV are the largest type of military personnel. The main purpose of the SV is defensive actions (repelling an enemy attack on the country's territory), as well as a subsequent offensive (including the defeat of enemy units with the capture of territory). The SV includes the following types of troops:

• motorized rifle (infantrymen carrying out the offensive with the help of infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers);
• tank (the main goal is to break through the enemy line through the use of mobile equipment with a high degree security);
• rocket and artillery (the task of these troops is to engage enemy targets with fire at a long distance by means of rocket launchers and barrel launchers);
• air defense troops (protect the rest of the ground forces from attacks and bombing from the air and counteract enemy air reconnaissance).

As a rule, all the listed types of troops do not act separately, but are used together as a complex defense or offensive. Also, the SV includes highly specialized troops (for example, railway or engineering).

air force

By analogy with ground forces The Air Force is divided into branches of aviation, each of which performs its own specific tasks:

• long-range aviation (carries out strategic depth bombardment of economically important areas of the enemy);
• front-line (performs tasks at a shallower depth);
• army (supports ground forces through air bombardment of armored and mobile targets of the enemy);
• military transport (transports equipment, manpower and specialized cargo).

In addition, to air force include such a subspecies as special aviation, as well as units of anti-aircraft missile and radio engineering troops.

Navy

This type of aircraft is a special force, the purpose of which is to protect the economic territory of the Russian Federation, located on the high seas. Also in the list of tasks assigned to the Navy in peacetime is the implementation of the search and rescue process.

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The Navy of the Russian Federation has submarine and surface forces, coastal troops, as well as naval aviation. Geographically, the Navy is divided into 5 separately existing fleets located throughout maritime borders Russia.

Airborne

These troops belong to the type of independent, subordinate to the central command. The main task of the fighters is the successful implementation of the landing on enemy territory with the subsequent conduct of military operations.

Strategic Missile Forces

It is also a type of troops subordinate to the high command. The main task of such troops is to deter possible aggression from an external enemy due to the nuclear potential of missiles, the introduction of which may have catastrophic consequences on a global scale.