Geography
Story
According to some reports, the village was founded in 1580.
Population
Infrastructure
An asphalt concrete plant, a dairy plant, a vocational school, a school, a correctional boarding school, three mosques.
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An excerpt characterizing Kamyshla (Samara region)
Having overtaken all the battalions walking in front, he stopped the 3rd division and made sure that, indeed, there was no firing line in front of our columns. The regimental commander of the regiment in front was very surprised by the order given to him by the commander in chief to scatter the shooters. The regimental commander stood there in full confidence that there were still troops ahead of him, and that the enemy could not be closer than 10 versts. Indeed, there was nothing to be seen ahead, except for the desert area, leaning forward and covered with thick fog. Ordering on behalf of the commander-in-chief to fulfill the omission, Prince Andrei galloped back. Kutuzov stood still in the same place and, senilely lowering himself in the saddle with his fat body, yawned heavily, closing his eyes. The troops were no longer moving, but their guns were at their feet.“Good, good,” he said to Prince Andrei and turned to the general, who, with a watch in his hands, said that it was time to move, since all the columns from the left flank had already descended.
“We’ll still have time, Your Excellency,” Kutuzov said through a yawn. - We'll make it! he repeated.
At this time, behind Kutuzov, the sounds of greeting regiments were heard in the distance, and these voices began to quickly approach along the entire length of the stretched line of advancing Russian columns. It was evident that the one with whom they greeted was driving quickly. When the soldiers of the regiment in front of which Kutuzov stood shouted, he drove a little to the side and looked around with a frown. On the road from Pracen, a squadron of multi-coloured riders galloped, as it were. Two of them galloped side by side ahead of the rest. One was in a black uniform with a white plume on a red english horse, the other in a white uniform on a black horse. These were two emperors with retinue. Kutuzov, with the affectation of a campaigner at the front, commanded the troops standing at attention and, saluting, rode up to the emperor. His whole figure and manner suddenly changed. He took on the appearance of a subordinate, unreasoning person. He, with an affectation of deference, which obviously struck the Emperor Alexander unpleasantly, rode up and saluted him.
Village Kamyshla located on the Sok River - one of the tributaries of the Volga to the northeast of Samara. The Ural highway runs 6 kilometers from its outskirts.
Story
The village was founded in the second half of the 16th century. Initially, 6 courtyards appeared in it, built by people from the Old Pine. Subsequently, 12 more households erected by the Bashkirs grew. After 60 years, Tatars arrived in the village - immigrants from the city of Bavla.
The origin of the name of the village is connected with natural features local places. At the time of the development of the territory, its surroundings were covered with swamps with reeds, where swans, geese, and cranes nested. The population of the village was multinational. Tatars, Bashkirs, Russians settled here. Each nation lived in its own community.
There were poor and wealthy peasants among the population. At that time, it was necessary to perform military service. Service in the army was 25 years. According to the established rule, five yards were supposed to provide one recruit. If the lot fell on a rich family, she hired a poor peasant who became a soldier.
There is a legend that in 1774 Pugachev's army occupied the territory of the village. When the rebel detachments were only approaching the outskirts of the village, the local peasants went into the forest. The army, arriving in the village and seeing the houses empty, left its borders.
The first mosque was built in 1584, but later it burned down. A new one was built only in 1863, which is still in operation. As the village grew rapidly, there was a shortage of land. For this reason, settlements are formed. This is how Buzbash, Yulduz and Davletkulovo appeared.
At the beginning of the 20th century, in the village of Kamyshla, archaeological excavations. During the work, ancient burials surrounded by stone fences were discovered. The same burial grounds were found on a mountain hill opposite the handicraft artel.
In the summer of 1891, a meteorite weighing 1.5 kilograms was discovered within the village and its environs. The find was given the name "Kamyshla".
There are three mosques on the territory of the modern village. work industrial enterprises- asphalt concrete plant, dairy plant. From educational institutions there are a school, a college, a correctional boarding school.
Kamyshla- Kamyshla, a village in the Samara region, the center of the Kamyshlinsky district, 200 km northeast of Samara. Located on the river Sok (a tributary of the Volga), 20 km south of the Klyavlino railway station. The population is 6 thousand people. Founded in 1580 as a village, ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
Kamyshla series title geographical objects: Contents 1 Settlements 2 Rivers 3 Other meanings ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshl Characteristic Length 18 km Basin area 97.6 km² Basin Caspian Sea Watercourse ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshl Characteristic Length 20 km Basin area 80.8 km² Basin Caspian Sea Watercourse ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshla Characteristic Length 12 km Katun basin Watercourse Mouth of Katun Location 158 km to the left ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Qamishla (meanings). Kamyshla Nakhodka or fall Nakhodka Place ... Wikipedia
Kamyshla RUPS- 446970, Samara, r.ts.Kamyshlinsky ... Settlements and indices of Russia
State budgetary educational institution
middle School of General education
municipal district Kamyshlinsky
Samara region
Research work: VILLAGE KAMYSHLA - our "small motherland".
The history of our region is an immense topic. History is not only facts and dates, history is someone's destinies and characters, it is countless extraordinary incidents, sometimes incredible events and facts, these are human tears, pain, happiness ... This is LIFE!
The ancient Chinese said: "When you drink water, remember those who dug the well." This is a very wise thought, because people, cut off from their past, are not able to create in the present and future. We must know the objective history of our village, region.
After spending sociological survey, revealed the problem is that the inhabitants of the village of Kamyshla do not know the history of their native land, BUT WE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW. We came to conclusion that it is necessary to know the past and present of your village, "small motherland", its spiritual and cultural traditions and we will help with this.
Main idea and relevance.
Why did we choose this issue? First of all, in order to study the history of the village in depth. Nowadays, few people are interested in the past of their small homeland, and this is a real problem. But the need to know the history of their region will still arise for everyone. And therefore, perhaps, our work will be of interest to the younger generation. We would like to awaken in girls and boys respect and love for their native village. After all, the future of this village depends on them.
Interest in historical and artistic values is growing day by day, because they have the property of emotional impact on the thoughts and feelings of people, participate in the upbringing of a person. A special place here is occupied by interest in small homeland, to the daily environment, to the history of the place where you live.
Target our research activities- to collect materials about the origin and development of the village of Kamyshla.
End result of work there will be a reading of the report at the school conference and a stand in the school museum about the history of the village of Kamyshla.
To achieve the goal, you must solve the following tasks:
1) find and study literature about the first inhabitants who inhabited our lands;
2) from conversations with elderly villagers, write down all the facts they know about the history of their native village;
3) work with materials stored in the Kamyshli archive under the administration;
4) describe the history of the village of Kamyshla from the sources found;
5) create a stand "History of the village of Kamyshla" in the school museum.
Basic method research - a survey of old-timers and work in the archive.
An object research - the history of the native village of Kamyshla.
Subject research - the village of Kamyshla.
Problems, difficulties encountered, ways to solve them.
It was very difficult to understand the past of the village. All the information we found about Qamishl was fragmentary and very confusing. No one, apparently, was engaged in the systematization of information about the village from the distant past to the present day. Sometimes repeated facts about the village in different sources contradict each other. I had to analyze and compare information about the village. Here, the old-timers of the village Abdrafikov Akhmetnagim Abdrafikovich and Badretdinov Midukhat Minutdinovich, who collected articles about the past of the village, rendered us great help. Before that, we had never had to deal with so many historical facts. But we have also solved this problem.
Having visited district library Kamyshla village, we found and studied literature about the first inhabitants who inhabited our lands.
AT intercollegiate collection scientific papers
"Culture bronze age of Eastern Europe"
, published in Kuibyshev in 1983, Agapov mentions the burial ground Chulpan - a monument of the Srubna culture period. Tribes of the Srubnaya culture are Indo-European tribes that occupied the territory of the steppe and forest-steppe from the Northern Black Sea region to Ural mountains from the middle of the second millennium BC. e.
In the Chulpan burial ground, a bone buckle, a quartzite dart tip and bone rings were found, which were typical for the Srubna culture tribes. On questions about the origin of the Tatar villages of Soka, about land development, about the formation of the population in the 17th - 19th centuries. archives provide the richest material: the funds of the Central State Archive Ancient Acts in Moscow, the funds of the State Archive of the Kuibyshev region in Kuibyshev, the funds of the State Archive of the Orenburg region in Orenburg, the funds of the archive of the local history museum in Buguruslan (Tatar villages belonged to the Buguruslan district of the Samara province from the middle of the 19th century to 1917).
Where did it come from Tatar population who are the Tatars? What is their historical origin, how was the language formed, what groups are the Tatars divided into, what is their number and where are the main areas of Tatar settlement.
Historical development Sok Tatars is inextricably linked with the development of everything Tatar people. The picturesque banks of the Volga, Kama, Kinel, Sok, meadow floodplains with lakes rich in fish and birds, fertile lands could not attract numerous settlers since ancient times. From the 4th century AD e. numerous nomadic tribes (mostly Turkic-speaking) began to penetrate from the southeast and south into the forest-steppe part from the Urals to the upper reaches of the Oka, constantly displacing and partially mixing with the Finno-Ugric tribes living here.
From the 4th century, Turkic-speaking tribes, the Bulgarians, moved to the middle Volga. They settled mainly on the left bank of the Volga and Kama. Here, at the end of the 4th - beginning of the 10th century, an early feudal state was formed, which received the name of the Volga Bulgaria. The southern border of this state passed along the Samarskaya Luka (Murmsk town) and further east along the Cheremshan River. And according to the map-scheme placed in the book of the Kazan historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor A.Kh. Khalikov "The Origin of the Tatars of the Volga and Urals", the territory of our region is assigned to the zone of "political influence" of the Volga Bulgaria.
Traditions say that the banks of the Soka River in the circles of the current Kamyshli began to be settled in the 16th century. In 1533, the village of Tatar Baytugan was founded there, which was also called Upper Yermak. In 1737, several residents separated and formed the village of Nizhny Yermak.
The first half of the 19th century was the time further development the capitalist structure in the economy of the region, the decomposition of the feudal-capitalist system, the further aggravation of the class struggle. State peasants made up the majority among peasants of other categories (landlords, appanages) - 390,141 people, which accounted for 62.9 percent.
The population of the region grew rapidly. The tsarist government resettled peasants on the free lands of the Trans-Volga region, new lands attracted landowners. From 1816 to 1848 alone, settlers from Ukraine, from Kursk, Tambov, Penza, Voronezh, Ryazan and other provinces founded about 200 settlements and villages in the Bugurslan district.
From 1804 to 1859, the population of Kamyshly increased 3-4 times. In 1804, the population of the villages of the Sok Tatars was as follows: Kamyshla - 280 inhabitants, 55 households According to this "List ..." in 1859 there were 1535 inhabitants, 214 households, one mosque K mid-nineteenth century, Kamyshla becomes the largest village. In 1910, there were already 3336 inhabitants and 620 households in Kamyshl (that is, the population doubled in half a century). Such population growth in the 19th century can be explained by the appearance of immigrants here from other places, as well as due to natural growth population. In the book by Yu. M. Tarasov "Russian colonization of the Southern Urals" the resettlement of peasants in Buzuluksky, Bugulma districts is noted. He writes about the resettlement in Kamyshlu in the first quarter of the 19th century of "yasak Tatars". Kamyshli, as the most numerous and more advantageously located geographical settlement, subsequently becomes a regional center until 1963, that is, until the merger of the Kamyshli district, first with Pokhvistnevsky, then in 1965 with Klyavlinsky and the formation of the Klyavlinsky district.Then these areas were divided back.
End of form
To learn the history of the village of Kamyshla, we met with many elderly fellow villagers. We found out that Abdrafikov Akhmetnagim Abdrafikovich kept a translation from the Tatar annals history of the village of Kamyshla. He allowed me to photocopy and place a copy of the chronicle in the school museum. Having studied the chronicle, we found out that it was supplemented and passed down from generation to generation. Since there are many grammatical errors, we have processed the chronicle without distorting the meaning. In the future, we intend to talk about the history of the village of Kamyshla.
The attached historical essay describes the history of the villages of the Kamyshli region: when they were inhabited - founded, what were the events before the revolution, how they lived, eve October revolution, period of establishment Soviet power and the struggle to consolidate the Soviet system, the period civil war, period of collectivization Agriculture etc. But it is still not clear what happened. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to collect new materials for all villages and villages, to deepen and expand the study of the history of the region, to supplement with new materials.
Describe the geographic data of nature, the area's fauna, fossils, economy, achievements, cultures, etc.
December 1960 Sanyahmet Khuziahmet:
Kamyshla village
NOTE: The original records, written in the Tatar language, in the Arabic alphabet, by Safin Latfulla, a resident of the village of Kamyshla, were kept in the Kamyshlinskaya Museum high school. But the entire folder with documents was stolen from the museum, according to the explanations of the geography teacher Goryachev P.A.
Signature: Saniakhmetov.
HISTORY REFERENCE
about the history of the village Kamyshla
and Kamyshlinsky district
This certificate includes information up to the beginning of the 20th century taken from the diaries left by a citizen of the village of Kamyshla Idiyatov Galiulla, data from his grandfathers, great-grandfathers of five generations - Idiyat, Bakir, Gumer, etc. and the diaries of the Safins Yarulla and Latfulla, as well as entries left by their grandfathers , great-grandfathers, as well as according to information collected by employees of the Kazan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences G.K. Yakupova and based on materials from a citizen of the village of Staroye Ermakovo Akhmadullin Gatiyatulla. Period - early 20th century - 1960s. , the author of the reference Saniakhmetov Khuziakhmet states from personal observations. The settlements of the Kamyshli region began to be inhabited and formed in the 16th century. So, for example: the village of Tatar Baitugan, formerly called Upper Yermak, was founded in 1533. The village of Kamyshla was founded in 1580. The village of Balikla was founded in 1650 or 1660. The village. Old Yermakovo was founded in 1737. Citizens from the village of Tat settled in the village of Staroye Yermakovo. Baitugan or Upper Yermak, and the village of Old Yermakovo was called Lower Yermak. These names of the villages were preserved until 1850 in the press of the headman. The village of Novoye Yermakovo was founded by citizens who moved from the village of Staroye Yermakovo around 1790-1800. The name of the village Ermak was given by the name of the first settler Yarmukhamed Tui bakty, more details are not described. In 1533, allegedly Kazan Khan Muhammad-Amin sent Yarmukhamed as a foreman to Tatar Baytugan, at the same time the village was named after him Upper Yermak. For the first time, 12 households appeared in the village of Staroye Yermakovo.
In the village of Kamyshla, for the first time, six households of Russians appeared, who arrived from the village of Starye Sosny. Later, 10-12 households of the Bashkirs appeared. After 60 years, Tatars began to arrive and settle from Tataria - the city of Bavly. The first settlers were Aisakai, Musakai / apparently Aisa, Musa, Isa, etc. / The author of these lines also remembers how the northern end of the village of Kamyshla was called - the six-yard end / altyn uchy - or alty oy uchy /. Locality They called Kamyshla because there were impenetrable swamps and reeds in this place. Here they nested wild geese, cranes and swans. They hatched their chicks. The names of the river Kamyshlinka, Sok were given by the first inhabitants. Lands - fields around Kamyshly within a radius of 50 miles were called Nadirovskiye dachas, which included the village of Rychkovo and the village of Bakaevo in the east, the village of Balykla in the south, the village of Semyonkino in the north and the village of Novoye Ermakovo in the west. Why were they called Nadirov's dachas? There is a legend that allegedly there was a war near Kamyshly. During the battle, a certain big chief-general was seriously wounded and left in the reeds / apparently in a panic /. Nadir from the village of Kamyshla with his friend Chankabir saved this general. Allegedly, they made a stretcher out of reeds and carried a wounded general from the battlefield to the rear. Then, after a certain time, this general arrived in the village of Kamyshla, found Nadir and offered him a gift for his salvation - "take as much money, gold, etc. as you want." Nadir refused gold, he asked for land. He was given land within a radius of 50 versts and a letter, which spoke about the provision of benefits to residents living in the village of Kamyshla. Residents were freed from all duties: from paying taxes, military service, etc. Those who enjoyed benefits were called Bashkirs, and those who came to live later were called yasak. They didn't get benefits. After the death of Nadir, this charter passed to his grandfather Sharif, and later to the old woman Sharif. Subsequently, this letter was burned in a fire. After that, all benefits and privileges were canceled.
In the village of Kamyshla lived Russians, Bashkirs, Tatars - tiptere and yasak, each had his own bosses, separately elders, sots, etc. Bashkirs living along the Sok River gave one soldier from five households to serve the king for a period of 25 years. From the stories of old people it is known that rich people did not go to the soldiers, although they also had a lot, but instead of themselves they hired poor people and sent them by force by deceit.
In 1774, Pugachev's troops allegedly occupied the village of Kamyshla. When the troops approached the village, the people fled into the forest. The troops reached the second ravine, which is north of the village of Kamyshla towards the village of Davletkulovo (“auly-kul” - translated as “ravine-kol-invasion of troops, military, military stake”), not finding anyone left back. The inhabitants were in the forest, a little further - in the third ravine (“suenchele-kol” (senchelekol) as the people say, translated into Russian, the ravine is a gift for good news). There is a legend that once in the south-east of the village of Kamyshla there were troops advancing from the south. They settled in the area - the tract "tun-kaen" translated into Russian "frozen birch" and "ziratly chagyl" - translated into Russian - "grave mountain", on the mountain there were graves lined with a stone fence, apparently they were buried there killed in battle. Their opponents were on the right bank of the Sok River - in the north of the tract "crane's nest", which is between the golden mountain and the "fang tau" translated into Russian as "saber mountain". On this mountain they found a saber left after the battles. It must be assumed that this also refers to the time of Pugachev's invasion. Obviously, from the south "tun kaen" and "ziratly chagyl" were Pugachev's troops, and in the north, the troops of Empress Catherine II - retreating to the north.
The boundaries between the villages were allegedly established only in 1850-1860. Attached are two documents written by a resident of the village of Kamyshla - an employee of the collective farm "Yana Turmysh" Safin Latfulla, in the Tatar language in Arabic alphabet (this is how the Tatars used to write).
These documents are attached.
About the history of the village of Kamyshla.
Translation from Tatar Copy
(Extracted from old diaries and notes)
The first six families of Russians, having arrived, settled in the locality of the tract "Knyachka - tubyage" along the river Sok. Their horses went to graze on the Achy (Bitter) meadows beyond the Sok River, to lick the salt on salt marshes. They were forced to move to the area "Kamishli - kul" (the territory of the village of Kamyshla). They also gave names to the rivers Sok and Kamyshlinka. Ten families who arrived from Bashkiria also settled in these six Russian courtyards, and so there were 16 courtyards - this was in 1581.
Then in this area there was a swamp, reeds grew, which gave the name to the village. Kazan Tatars began to join the previously settled Russians and Bashkirs. Thus the population began to increase. When there were a lot of people, they trampled on swamps and springs. Only two springs remained - “Kara tup” (in translation - black bottom) and “Varlan” (named after one Russian man Vardam). The spring "Kara tep" is located in the center of the village of Kamyshla.
In 1584, a prayer house - a mosque - was opened. The imam of the mosque was Gabdulgaziev. A few years later there was a fire and the mosque burned down. In 1863, another mosque was built, which is still in operation. From the city of Sterlitamak they brought a mullah - the imam of the Nadir mosque - a khazryat, he served as an imam. After there were imams Sharif, Badretdin, Mirgabidzhan, Muhammyatgali, then Jamil. The village of Kamyshla grew rapidly. Three villages separated from it: in 1911 there was a big fire, 315 households burned down - the village of Buzbash separated. In 1922, the village of Davletkulovo was separated from Kamyshly, and then the village of Yulduz. These data were recorded by the inhabitants of the village - Isai, Khusain, Khasan, Ahsan, Iskhak, Akhmetayan, Akhmetsafa. Records were kept and passed down from generation to generation.
In those days there was a lot of land. Whoever wanted, plowed as much as they wanted - therefore, separate areas - tracts were named after those who owned these lands, such as: the village of Davletkulovo - by the name of Davletkul. People in the 16th century lived like Kazakhs, Kyrgyz - in glades and ravines. Later, the land was divided according to the soul - shower allotments. There was a three-field crop rotation: winter rye, spring and fallow. The shower allotment was 0.40 hectares, such plots were given in five places.
The poll tax was 9 rubles (it was necessary to sell bread - 90 pounds). Bread was sold to Kazan for 10 kopecks per pood. In order to pay the tax, it was necessary to go to Kazan 12 times. This was overwhelming for many. The bailiff came and beat the non-payers with rods. People fled to the forest and lived there for weeks until the bailiff and his punishers left. A detachment of punishers stole cattle from the peasants. Some were deprived of land and given to the more prosperous.
In the 19th century, there were no literate people in the village of Kamyshla. The records were kept by the clerk Fartdin. At the beginning of the 20th century, the villagers dug cellars and discovered old graves in the Kylych-tau area (Sobleva Gora). The graves were surrounded by a stone fence. The same graves were found on the mountain, opposite the workshops of the handicraft artel. But over time, everything was destroyed and the land was plowed up.
The life of working peasants before the revolution.
Industry was not developed on the territory of the Kamyshli region. The area was inhabited exclusively by peasants. The life of the peasants was difficult. The poor and the middle peasants were suffocating from lack of land. More than 15% were laborers (this is from total number households of peasants), horseless up to 35% and over 40% without inventory.
The lands of the district belonged to the landlords: in the west, the villages of Staroye and Novoye Ermakovo were owned by the Dubensky boyar - the landowner Shuvalov. From the west with Kamyshla and the north with. Old Ermakovo - Polyaevsky boyar-landowner Arseniev, who was the Buguruslan district zemstvo chief. The peasants called him "Fool - boyar." Nearby were the lands and forests of the landowner Rychkov. From the east of the region were the lands of the Danube boyar. In with. The landowner Malostov lived in Neklyudovo, and the landowner Durasova lived in the village of Durasovo. Peasant families worked for hire from these named landowners. In the villages and villages, the land was for communal use, the land was divided unfairly according to shower allotments for 12 and 25 years. The land was run by kulaks, merchants, clergy, who traded this land, sold it and rented it out for the season to landless peasants. For example: in the village of Kamyshla - land (the territory of the Yana-turmysh collective farm) belonged to the mullahs ("Mulla-bolons"), other plots belonged to individuals (the fields of Sharip-mulla, Yusup-mulla, the fields of the driver Osip, etc.). Over 40% of the peasants for the whole summer went with their families to work for the landlords (Rychkov, Shuvadov, Arsenyev, Salov, Derzhavin, Pilogin, etc.). In the summer, the entire road from the village of Kamyshla to the city of Buguruslan was crowded with peasants traveling and walking with their families, who went to get hired by the landowners and kulaks for the entire harvest period until autumn. In the village of Staroe Ermakovo, the Kutluzaman region of the village was empty all summer. This edge of the village was inhabited by the poor. Rural kulaks who seized communal lands enriched themselves and exploited farm laborers and the poor. It came to violence against workers. If the kulak needed a place to build a house in the center of the village, the poor were evicted by force to the edge of the village. So, for example, in s. The Kamyshla rich man Takhautdinov Kamaldin needed a place to build a house on a large central street, the poor Shamsutdin was evicted to the edge of the village, and he lined up there and lived until the dispossession of 1930. It was the same in other villages.
In 1905-1906. and in 1912 there were peasant uprisings demanding redistribution of land. Peasant performances were in the village of Kamyshla, and in the village of Staroe Yermakovo, and in the village of Staroe Yermakovo in 1912 they reached the limit of the land. In the village of Kamyshla in 1913, a large peasant gathering was convened in anticipation of the arrival of the county zemstvo chief, who was supposed to read the tsar's manifesto. The peasants demanded a redistribution of the land, but the landlords did not want to divide the land. The village head kulak Mansurov Shaikhudin (Gilyaz - Shaikhutdin) supported the kulaks (he had all the documents for accounting and dividing the land of the village). An embittered crowd of peasants began to beat their fists, including the elder Mansurov Shaikhutdin. At this time, the county zemstvo chief drove up. After reading the decree of the king, he left. No matter how noisy the peasants were, they still didn’t get the land, so they dispersed. The indignation of the poor peasants grew ever stronger. In the spring of 1914, at a gathering of residents with. Kamyshla also raised a fuss, demanding a redistribution of land, but they were again refused. The landowner Gatiyat said at the meeting: "When hair grows on the palm of your hand, then you will have land."
In 1914 the first World War. In July, a general mobilization was announced. More than 500 people left Kamyshly for the war. These mobilized soldiers started a riot. They gathered and began to demand from the headman the gathering of the gathering of the villagers. Headman Mansurov Shaikhutdin refused. The angry crowd began to beat the headman and other landowners, and Gatiyat was dragged along the street and killed. A constable arrived with two guards from the village of St. Pines, but they were surrounded and beaten. They rioted for two days. At the call of the volost authorities, a bailiff with a police detachment left the city of Buguruslan to pacify the rebels. The rebels themselves went to Buguruslan. A police detachment met near the village of Sultangulovo. The delegation from the rebels reported to the county bailiff that there was no rebellion and the detachment turned back. During this period, in the cities of Buguruslan and the city of Bugulma, there were also great pogroms.
The peasants were very poor. They wore self-woven dresses, bast shoes, and only the rich had leather shoes. They walked in bast shoes both in winter and summer, all year round. The rich wore coats, woolen suits. There was a lot of everything in the shops, but the poor did not have money to buy. They also ate very badly. Wheat was sown very little. They ate rye bread, rye flour noodles, spelt, buckwheat, and millet. Potatoes were not peeled, even for soup. Instead of tea, they brewed oregano.
The land was cultivated with a wooden plow, the harrow was also wooden. Iron crooks and harrows, seeders appeared only in the 1890s, and later at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century there appeared leather and steam threshers, harvesters, reapers, but only the rich could acquire these machines. A peasant who had a pair of horses and harnessed the plow himself was considered a master living independently.
Culture, public education and health care
The people of the Kamyshli region were very backward, uncultured and illiterate. In the villages of the region there was no club, library, reading room. There were parish primary schools at mosques and churches that gave religious education. There were 16 mosques and 5 churches in the region, 6 educational institutions, 20 teachers, 400 students in the district. Studying in schools began from the end of October and continued until April.
At present (1960s) there are more than 37 schools in the district. Of these, 3 are secondary, 13 are seven-year, in which more than a thousand children study, more than 100 teachers with higher and secondary education.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, there was not a single medical center in the Kamyshli region. The people were dying from diseases such as trachoma, scabies, fever, tuberculosis, etc. Some residents of the district turned to neighboring villages in other districts where there were district hospitals - zemstvo hospitals (the village of Boriskino in the Sok-Karmalinsky district, the village of Starye Sosny, now the Klyavlinsky district). The rich turned to the county hospital in the city of Buguruslan, and the poor people - to the village healers, mullahs, monks and other rogues who healed with prayers.
At present (1960s) there are 3 hospitals and 20 medical centers in the Kamyshlinsky district. points. The district hospital was built of bricks in 1930-1931.
The struggle of the working people for the revolution, participation in the civil war for the establishment of Soviet power.
The establishment of Soviet power in the Kamyshlin region.
As mentioned above, the peasantry fought for land. Discontent was especially active in 1905-1906, in 1912-1913 and 1914.
The First World War set the people in a revolutionary mood. In the summer of 1917, soldiers arriving from the front on vacation brought the revolutionary ideas of the Bolsheviks to the village. After the overthrow of the tsar, the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries seized power. But the ideas of the Bolsheviks about the end of the war, about peace, about land were supported in the Kamyshlin region. In the autumn of 1917, some soldiers began to come home without permission.
The peasant poor began to sack the estates of the landlords, to arbitrarily seize land and forests. At the beginning of 1918, all the landowners were defeated, their estates were liquidated, and the landowners themselves left. The property of the landowners was plundered.
On November 8, 1917, Soviet power was established in the city of Samara (Provincial Center), and in mid-November 1917 - in the village of Kamyshle and other villages of the region. When Soviet power was established, demonstrations were organized in the villages. Demonstrators were also merchants, rural kulaks, who were participants in the seizure of landowners' property. Eyewitnesses of the demonstration said that in the village of Kamyshla, a trader Gilyazev Sabir was carrying a red flag in a column. He was replaced by a peasant - a poor man, a soldier Munirov Gata who arrived from the front. In the village of Old Yermakovo, the fist of Siraz or Sira-Khoja also carried a red flag. From the crowd, someone asked him ironically "Isn't it hard to carry the flag", to which he replied that the flag was carried by angels. Such people were casual fellow travelers, they were carried by their wave of revolution. These people understood the revolution in their own way. But when Soviet power was established, the rich began to be taxed heavily, and they became ardent enemies of Soviet power. They participated in conspiracies, helped the Whites.
Demonstrations in the villages were organized by the Bolsheviks - communists and non-party activists supporting the Bolsheviks, farm laborers, teachers, people from poor peasants and the clergy. In the village of Staroye Yermakovo, the demonstration was led by teacher Sadreev Kakdus, brother of the famous Bolshevik writer Khalik Sadri. The demonstrators were led by the poor who arrived at the front Shafikov Garif, the teacher Gilmutdinov Fartdin, Khusnutdinov Fartdin and others. Old Yermakovo was elected Khusnutdinov Fartdin, who worked in 1918-1919. Ikhsanov Insav was the secretary of the village council until the end of 1918, and then from the end of 1918 until 1934 Gatiyatulla Akhmadullin worked.
In the village of Kamyshla, the demonstrations were led by Kutlakhmetov Mirgasim, a representative of the Ukom district, who arrived from Buguruslan, and he also announced the establishment of Soviet power at the rally. He himself is a teacher by profession, the son of the Alkinsky mullah. The first meeting took place in the house of Fatkhutdin Zaripov. And they simply called him “ftkyt”. He was a wealthy peasant.
Mamin Shafik, nicknamed "Prince Shafik", was elected the first chairman of the Kamyshli Village Council. The secretary of the village council was Khaliullin Musagit, he was assisted by the teacher Khasanov Abdulla, who also arrived from the front. The teacher had the rank of senior non-commissioned officer. In 1918-1920s. the chairman of the village council was Kamaltdinov, a protege of kulaks, a podkulaknik - he is Valiakhmetov Yary, nicknamed "yansyz ardent". And the secretary was a former clerk, also a fist-fisted Takhautdinov Fatkhutdin. In those days, the kulaks were still strong and conducted anti-Soviet agitation among the population, together with the merchants and the clergy, organized rebellions, seized power, or put their own representatives, sub-kulakists, in the authorities. The SRs also campaigned and misled people. And more literate people fought for the power of the Soviets.
In June 1918, when the civil war began. The White Guards and White Czechs occupied the city of Samara / now Kuibyshev /, the city of Buguruslan, the city of Bugulma and the Kamyshlinsky district. Soviet power was overthrown. The Red Guard troops with battles, repulsing the attacks of the superior forces of the White Czechs and the White Guards, retreated to the west. A strong battle was for the village of Nikitkino. In the village of Balykla, the kulaks attacked a small detachment of 40 Red Guards, who stopped to rest. But the Red Guards opened fire and dispersed the crowd of attackers. while 4 people were shot. Heavy fighting took place at the Dymka station. The White Czechs advanced from the city of Bugulma, displacing the Red Guards, who, under the onslaught of superior enemy forces, retreated to the west, towards the city of Simbirsk / Ulyanovsk /. I (Saniakhmetov) then lived at the station. Klyavlino and worked for the rich Kolesnikovs. I personally watched what was happening, since the entire army was concentrated on the railway line of the armored train. I was distributing a pack of leaflets given by the Red Guards from the armored train. The leaflets were printed in large print "All Power to the Soviets".
On the territories of the region occupied by the White Guards and White Czechs, the Soviet power was liquidated. The White Terror began. Captured communists, Red Guards and non-party supporters of the Soviet regime were shot, beaten and executed.
In the village of Bakaevo in the Northern district of the Orenburg province, the kulaks detained the Bolshevik, Red Guard Ikhsanov Khabibulla, who, while retreating from Buguruslan, drove home to his parents. They beat him half to death, led him down the street, harnessing him like a horse to a cart, then threw him into the basement. A peasant from the village of Kamyshla Gimergaliev Mukhametgarey, nicknamed "dydyk", worked in the field with his family. A White Guard drove up to them and asked something. Having received no answer, the White Guard shot Gimergaliev Mukhametgarey and left.
In October 1918, the troops of the Red Army pushed the White Guards to the east and the Bolsheviks occupied the Kamyshlin region. The Latvian regiment arrived in with. Old Ermakovo, then in with. Kamyshla, chasing the retreating whites. Soviet power was established in the region for the second time, and the inhabitants immediately began to implement the directives of the Soviet government. But with the rapid advance of Kolchak in March 1919, the troops of the Red Army retreated again.
When the villages of the region were occupied by the White Guards of Admiral Kolchak, robbery began again, the execution of communists and supporters of the Soviet regime. Established the former tsarist regime. The White Army of Kolchak included Bashkir troops / Ufa regiments 13 and 14 / under the command of Zakiya Validi.
In the village of Old Yermakovo, the kulaks Garif - Khojas with their son Latyp, betrayed the Bolsheviks Vagapov Batyrgaliya and Gataulin Khabibulla. In March 1919, White Cossacks arrived in the village. The fists showed where Gataullin was (on the threshing floor of Garifkhodzhia). The whites stripped him and shot him. Vagapov Batyrgaliy was arrested and taken away barefoot through the snow to the village of Sedyakovo, where the headquarters of the Whites was located. After he was executed along with other detained Bolsheviks. In the same place, in the village of Staroye Ermakovo, the chairman of the village council Khusnudinov Fartdin was flogged with ramrods for the outdated delivery of products. In the village of Kamyshla, the whites arrested two teachers Safin Kashfi and Sarimov Nursakhi and wanted to shoot them, but the carpenter Nuria interceded for them, saying that the teachers were not Bolsheviks, but simply sometimes read newspapers to the residents. These teachers in 1919 taught young people in general education. The people of the village defended them.
The Whites occupied the village of Kamyshla and taxed the population, taking away all the property from the peasants. In the village of Novoye Usmanovo, Yusupov Gata and Yusupov Arslan were also arrested because their relatives Zagit Yusupov (he was a company commander of the Red Army of the Chapaev division) and Yusupov Khalik Sadri (he was a military commissar in Samara) were on the side of the Bolsheviks. Yusupov Arslan was driven barefoot to the village of Boriskino in the Northern district of the Orenburg province, where the headquarters of the White Guards was located. But the population of the village of Novoe Usmanovo stood up for him and reported that the Yusupovs were not supporters of Soviet power and asked them to be released. The Whites agreed, but demanded that the residents build a bridge across the Sok River. So the inhabitants defended the Yusupovs.
In the village of Stepne Vyselki, they also wanted to shoot the teacher Philip Matveenko on the denunciation of the kulak Dem. He was already taken out to be shot, but the priest of the village stood up for him.
In May 1919, the Red Army launched an offensive against Kolchak and the Whites began to retreat to the east. There were fierce battles in the village. Tatar Batugan, p. Russian Baitugan, p. Balikla, p. Old Semyonkino, p. Nikitkino, st. Dymka, p. Old Usmanovo. It was a powerful swift blow of the Red Army against the White Kolchakites, under the leadership of Commander Frunze and Kuibyshev. Soviet power was established in the Kamyshli region. In the summer of 1919, drafts began in the ranks of the Red Army and hundreds of residents went to the front from the area, who fought on different fronts (on the East - against Kolchak, the Petrograd, Turkestan fronts). Dozens of soldiers died from the village of Kamyshla, did not return, giving their lives for Soviet power.
/author of the translation Saniahmnetov Khuziahmet also participated in the battles of 1919. on the Petrograd front against Yudenich, then he was sent as a volunteer to the Polish front, then he fought in 1920-21. on the Turkestan front, in Bukhara, in Ferghana and South Kyrgyzstan against the Basmachi and met the end of the civil war in 1922. on the Chinese border/
After the establishment of Soviet power in 1919, the system of war communism, the surplus appraisal, was introduced. Everything was taken into account, material resources, enterprises. The inhabitants of the villages of the region helped the front with food and clothing, fighting the fierce resistance of the kulaks and other counter-revolutionaries. But despite all the difficulties, the Soviet system strengthened and the enemies were defeated. Lenin's idea triumphed.
The emergence or creation of the first party and Komsomol organizations in the Kamyshlin region.
In the Kamyshlinsky district, the first party organizations and Komsomol cells arose at the end of 1919. In the village of Kamyshla at the end of August 1919, the first cell of the RCP / b / was created. It was organized by teachers Garifov Gaziz, Vafin Talib, Yagudin Akhmetgali, Prokhorov Ivan county town Buguruslan, joined the party. Moreover, it was not made public, no one knew about the existence of this underground cell. She could not expand her activities, since they (members of the organization) dispersed, only Garifov Gaziz remained. Vafin and Yagudin left to teach in the village of Mansurkino, and Prokhorov moved to the village of Starye Sosny, the volost center. At the end of December 1919, after being wounded and ill with typhus, a resident of the village of Kamyshla, a former laborer Saniakhmetov Khuziakhmet (the author of this translation) returned to the village of Kamyshla from the Petrograd Front for a short vacation until he recovered. After resting for a certain time, gaining strength, Saniakhmetov joined in political life Kamyshla village. He began to visit the library in the village of Kamyshla, which was opened in 1918. The head of the library was Sadykov Gadiy - a Bolshevik, but he was non-partisan. We, several villagers, learned Russian from him. Then, noticing Saniakhmetov, Garifov Gaziz invited him and his younger brother Garipov Mazit to join the party. They willingly agreed and joined the RCP / b /, created an open party organization. In February 1920, in the volost center, in the village of Starye Sosny, which included the administrative subordination and the village of Kamyshla, the kulaks revolted. To suppress the rebellion, a detachment of mounted Red Army soldiers from Chop arrived from the city of Buguruslan. The rebellion was suppressed, the initiators were arrested. February 11, 1920 Saniakhmetov and Garipov joined the party and created a party organization in the village of Kamyshla. Garifov Gaziz became the chairman of the cell, and Saniakhmetov became the secretary. So, from February 1920, the first party organization officially began to exist in the village. Kamyshle.
Not even a week had passed after the creation of the organization, when the Bugulma counter-revolutionary kulak Socialist-Revolutionary uprising arose. Many villages of the Bugulma district, part of the Menzelinsky district of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, took part in this uprising. Then these counties were still part of the Samara province. The Tatar ASSR had not yet been formed. The uprising was attended by kulaks, socialist-revolutionaries, and the clergy. The rebels executed communists, supporters of Soviet power, and teachers. Representatives of the rebels came to the village of Staroe Yermakovo to Akhun-Bagautdin, to the village of Kamyshla, the village of Novoye Usmanovo and other villages of the Klyavlinsky district. At this time, being in with. New Usmanovo, an agitator of the Bolshevik Party Mazitov, fled to the city of Buguruslan at night. When representatives of the rebels arrived in the village. Old Ermakovo to Akhun Khusnulla Bagautdinov, he said that he would not rouse the people to an adventure, would not shed blood, and refused to join the rebels. And in s. Kamyshla, the ambassadors of the rebellious kulaks arrived at Abdrakhman mullah and demanded to agitate the inhabitants against the communists. And he warned the members of the party organization about the imminent danger and suggested that they take refuge in the city of Buguruslan. On the same night, the Garifov brothers Gaziz and Mazit left for the city of Buguruslan, while Saniakhmetov remained in Kamyshl. Already in the morning the fists began to pursue him. Podkulaknik - the former tsarist headman Gainetdinov Khusnutdin began organizing the destruction of the communists. Saniakhmetov managed to hide in the bathhouse of his friend Yaryev Shaikhulislam. His brother Nurlislam is still alive, he knows about this fact.
The Bugulma uprising was soon suppressed by detachments of Red Army soldiers - Communards from the ChON headquarters. At the head of the detachments - communards were also natives of their village Kamyshla Khalik Sadri, Mirza Davydov and others. Also, communists from the Kamyshli party organization - the Garifov brothers Gaziz and Mazit - also took part in the suppression of the uprising. After the liquidation of the uprising, the Garifovs returned home to the village of Kamyshla and began to carry out work to consolidate Soviet power, to fulfill the plans for the surplus appraisal. In early April 1920, a subbotnik was held.
At the beginning of April 1920, the first party organization was created in the village. Old Ermakovo. One of the organizers was a member of the CPSU since 1919, Karimov Abugali, a former Red Guard. From 1920 - 1923 he worked as chairman of the Staro-Sosninsky Volunteer Executive Committee. Nasyrov Safuan, Gilmutdinov Fartdin, Munirovs Igzaz and Yahya and others were members of the Ermakovskaya party organization. Later, party organizations arose in other villages of the region. The first Komsomol organizations were created in 1920. For example: in the village of Kamyshla, it was organized in August 1920. The organizer was Khannanov Mirgasim, a former farm laborer who had come from the Red Army. Abdrakhmanov Yariy Ganievich, Garipova Zakiya, Zaripova Kamal, Miftakhova Bibinur and others were the first to join the Komsomol. In the same year, a Komsomol cell was organized in the village of Old Ermakovo. The organizer was Maisky Ziya Akhmetzyanovich. Gazali Valiev, Abuzyar Salakhov, Gatat Gazizyanov, Musin Khalil, Mingazov, Makhmut Sagirov and others entered. Komsomol organizations arose later in other villages. The question may arise - why were these organizations the first to arise in the village. Kamyshla and st. Ermakovo? The inhabitants of these villages were more educated, because there were seven-year schools. And also - the first communists like Khalik Sadri, Shagit Zalyaev, Mirza Davydov, Nailsky and others, who worked in senior positions in the state apparatus of the Samara Provincial Committee (Sadri and Davydov), the Buguruslan Academic Committee of the Party (Zalyaev Shagit and Nailsky). In with. The population of New Usmanovo and the village of Bakaevo was under the influence of Ishans - Nurtdin Khazryat and Dula Khazryat. They were very religious. And then the clergy waged a great struggle against the communists.
In May 1920, Saniakhmetov Kh. dropped out of the Kamyshli party organization and left for the army as a volunteer for the Polish front. And before that, he led an active fight against desertion: he identified 84 people. Upon learning of this, the deserters threatened Saniakhmetov. After that, a squad to combat desertion arrived, headed by Commissar Biktashev, deposed all the deserters and took them to the city of Buguruslan.
The first fighters for the revolution were people from the village of Kamyshla, the village of Staroe Yermakovo and other villages of the region:
Khalik Sadri - a native of the village of Old Ermakovo, writer, member of the CPSU since March 1917. In 1912 - 1914 he worked as a machinist at an oil drilling in the village. Kamyshla. He carried out revolutionary propaganda among the population. About this period he wrote the book "Our Dawn". From 1917 to 1921 he worked in Samara at the Provincial Party Committee, then moved to Kazan. Died in 1955.
Timofeev - a native of the village of Staroe Semenkino, party member since 1917, military worker, wrote a book about pilots.
Davydov Mirza Murtazovich - a native of the village of Kamyshla, son of Murtaza maezin, member of the party since 1917. He worked in Buguruslan and Samara (now Kuibyshev). In the 1920s was the commissar of the Tatar Volunteer Battalion in the city of Buguruslan. Before the Great Patriotic War worked in Moscow. In the Second World War he was a commissar with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He died in 1942 at the front.
Nailsky Mirza Yarullovich - a native of the village of Kamyshla, worked in the city of Buguruslan in the Cheka - a special department.
Yusupov Zagit Arslanovich - a native of the village of Novoe Usmanovo, a member of the party since 1917, was a company commander of the Chapaev division. In 1919, he participated in the battles during the liberation of the city of Buguruslan from the white army of Kolchak. During the offensive in the Bugulma direction, in the spring of 1919, he died heroically in battle. Buried in Buguruslan. The club was named after him.
Zalyaev Shagit - a native of the village of Old Ermakovo, member of the CPSU since 1919. He worked in the city of Buguruslan from 1919 to 1921 as chairman of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Buguruslan Ugorkom of the RCP (b). In the 30s he worked as the director of the Komvuz in Frunze. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Red Professors. AT last years life he worked in Kazan as the head of the department of the Republican Party School. Candidate of Economic Sciences. He died in April 1957.
Iskhanov Khabibulla - a native of the village of Bakaevo, party member since 1918. He studied at the Kazan Komvuz. AT recent times worked in Kyrgyzstan as an instructor of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan. He died in Frunze.
Red Guards Vagapov Batyrgali, Gataullin Khabibulla, Karimov Abugali from the village of Old Ermakovo shot in the spring of 1919 by the White Guards.
FORMATION OF THE KAMYSHLIN DISTRICT.
The district as an administrative unit was formed in March 1927. Then it was called Baitugansky until 1940, and since 1940 - Kamyshlinsky district.
The district was formed from the villages and villages of Kamyshla, Old and Novoye Ermakovo, Bakaevo Steppe Vyselki, Neklyudovo, Stepanovka, etc. The district center was in the village of Russian Baitugan. In the spring of 1929, the village of Kamyshla became the district center on the basis of the decision of the 2nd Congress of the Soviets of Deputies and Workers of the district.
Residents of the area often suffered from crop failures. These difficult years were periodically repeated - 1880, 1890, 1900, 1904, 1914-1917, 1918-1921. Many people died of starvation. The drought covered the entire Middle Volga region.
ORGANIZATION OF COLLECTIVE HOUSES IN THE KAMYSHLIN DISTRICT.
The first collective farms in the Kamyshlinsky district began to be created in November 1929. The collective farm in the village of Kamyshla was formed in December 1929. It consisted of 29 households. The first to join the collective farm were communists, Komsomol members, poor laborers: Vafin Talib, Khannanov Mirgasim, Valiakhmetov Mullakhmet, Badretdinov Falyakh, Nugmanov Minakhmet, Zakirov Zaki, Bagautdinov Minazetdin, Abdrakhmanov Yary, Shaimardanov Gaziznur.
Nugumanov Minakhmet was elected the first chairman of the Yana-Turmysh collective farm, and Vafin Talib was elected his deputy. In January 1930, the rest of the villagers began to join the collective farm. During this period, 25 thousand people began to arrive in the area in order to control the collective farms. Collective farms were headed by twenty-five thousand people. Chairman of the Kamyshlinsky collective farm "Yana-Turmysh" Saratov, and his deputy Yarullin Bayan.
In the village of Staroye Ermakovo, the BAUMAN collective farm was formed between December 21 and 31, 1929. Uzbekov Ismagil was elected as the first chairman. In January 1930, the 25,000-strong Akdzhigitov became the chairman of the collective farm. The first to join the collective farm were Kayumov Mingadi, Akhmetshin Nagim, Gazizov Minakhmet, Shaykhulin Gaifulla, Valiakhmetov Abugali, Akhmadulin, Valiev Agliulla, Fartdinov, Salimov Sarim, Salakhov, Mingazov Gali, Musin Khalil, Sharapov Abdulla, Salakhov Abuzyar, Valiev Gazali and many others.
Collective farms had to be created in an atmosphere of fierce struggle against the kulaks, who were campaigning against the organization of collective farms. In January 1930 at general meetings, the collective farmers began to issue resolutions demanding that strict measures be taken against the kulaks, up to and including eviction from the district.
Documents were prepared in all villages for the eviction of kulaks opposed to collective farm construction. March-April 1930. hundreds of kulak families were evicted to the Arkhangelsk region.
It was difficult to work on collective farms without experience in collective farming. There were no trained personnel, there were no cars, tractors, etc.
In 1960, the collective farms of the region had 130 tractors, 109 combine harvesters, 115 reapers, about 150 motor vehicles, and many other implements.
In the 1930s there were cases of assassination attempts on rural Bolsheviks. In the village of Kamyshla in May 1931, Mullakhmet, the secretary of the party cell, Valiakhmetov, was shot through the window of the house. In the village of Novoe Usmanovo, a Komsomol member who was walking from a meeting at night was killed. In with. Bakaevo was operated by the Ganiya gang, which attacked government officials.
Before the Great Patriotic War, the chairmen of the Kamyshli collective farm "Yana-Turmysh" were Shaikhutdinov Shaikhuslam, and then Zainullin Zaki. They both died at the front.
In the 1930s on the collective farm "Yana-Turmysh" the secretary of the party cell was Galimov Harris, a native of the village of Staroe Yermakovo. Together with the secondary school teacher Sharapov Abdulla and Mingazov Gali, he actively participated in grain procurement and collectivization.
In the 1960s the area began to develop. They built schools, clubs, libraries, cinemas. Collective farms got stronger, and most importantly, their own literate people of various specialties appeared. These are people from the villages of the Kamyshlinsky district - doctor Safina Khazyar Kashviyevna, Abdrakhmanova-Karimova Khazyar, Shakirov Sauban, Sharafutdinov, Lieutenant General of Aviation Hero Soviet Union Zakharov, Aviation Colonel Timofeev, Lieutenant Colonel Sagirov, Lieutenant Colonel Saniakhmetov R. and others.
Safin Latfulla, a resident of the village of Kamyshla, an employee of the Yana-Turmysh collective farm, kept records in the Tatar language
Khuziahmet Saniakhmetov, a native and resident of the village of Kamyshla, a pensioner, a retired captain, a participant in the civil war, before the revolution, a laborer, one of the first communists of the village of Kamyshla, a member of the CPSU, translated a historical essay from Tatar.
December 1960 s.Kamyshla -signed-Saniakhmetov-
Also from the household book of the Kamyshli village council for 1922-1939. we learned that most of the houses built in the 20s in Kamyshl had a cubic capacity of 8x5x2m. The whole family lived in one room, and if the newlyweds appeared in it, a corner was separated for them with a screen. Sometimes under one roof there was a barn and a residential building.
So we think goal our work Achieved, as all tasks were solved:
1) read books about the history of the village of Kamyshla;
2) talked with the old-timers, wrote down and analyzed what they know about the history of the village, about the inhabitants; worked with materials from the archive;
3) designed a stand in the museum about the history of the village of Kamyshla;
4) made a presentation at a school conference.
We have enjoyed this work very much. We saw the grateful faces of the people we interviewed. They were happy, because they understood that not only they would know the history of their native village, but also their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Our participation in research work, meetings with interesting people, acquaintance with historical facts helped us to learn the history and problems of our native land from the inside, to understand how much effort our ancestors invested in the economy and culture of the region. This brings up respect for the memory of past generations of fellow countrymen, respect for the cultural and natural heritage, without which it is impossible to instill patriotism and love for one's Fatherland.
Social significance of the project: based on this research work the village administration installed a stele with the name of the village of Kamyshla and the date of formation at the entrance to the settlement.
In perspective:
1) Until the end of it school year we intend to collect Additional materials about the history of his native village, about the families of former residents.
2) Issue a brochure about the history of the village of Kamyshla.
The local history material collected by us will be used in the lessons.
References:
1.Yu. M. Tarasov "Russian colonization of the Southern Urals". Kuibyshev 1989
2. Historical sketch. Translation from Tatar by Saniakhmetov Khuziakhmet, a native and resident of the village of Kamyshla, 1960.
3. Collection of scientific papers "Culture of the Bronze Age of Eastern Europe", Kuibyshev 1983.
4. Household book of the Kamyshli village council for 1922-1939.
6. H. Khalikov "The Origin of the Tatars of the Volga and Urals" Kazan 1967.
7. List of populated places according to 1859 (Samara province), St. Petersburg, 1884
8. "Native land" Kuibyshev 1966
