This rule is based on the fact that phraseological units do not form a subordinate clause and, as a rule, are equivalent to a sentence member. Yes, combined talk about it wherever he can the last words mean "everywhere". If any of the above and similar combinations is not used as a phraseological phrase, then it can form subordinate clause(often incomplete) and separated by commas. Wed: Colloquial words began to be used where necessary and where not needed(i.e. everywhere). - Put the missing punctuation marks where necessary(i.e. where needed).
Note. Incomplete subordinate clauses, as well as turns that do not have the character of phraseological combinations, are separated by commas, for example: behave properly; works wherever he has to, does whatever the authorities want; understand what's what; visits the sick when necessary; it is necessary to distinguish between what is important and what is not important; I can't figure out where it hurts.
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§ 115. Comparative turnovers
- Commas stand out or separate comparative phrases that begin with unions as if, as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, what and others, for example: Sometimes you shoot a hare, you wound him in the leg, and he screams like a child(Chekhov); On Red Square, as if through the fog of centuries, the outlines of walls and towers are unclear.(A. N. Tolstoy); From somewhere it smelled of musty dampness, as if from a cellar.(Mamin-Sibiryak); Panteleimon ... sits on a goat, stretching forward straight, like wooden hands(Chekhov); Ginger with a magician entered the forest along a wide, as if swept, path(Svirsky); Better late than never(proverb); It was safer to fly at night than during the day: the air ocean is more stable(Perventsev); ... And her hair[mermaids] green that your cannabis(Turgenev); Nikolai Petrovich was born in the south of Russia, like his older brother Pavel(Turgenev).
Note. Comparative phrases with the indicated unions that are part of the predicate or are closely related to it in meaning are not separated by commas, for example: The stars in the dark sky are like sequins scattered on velvet; He looks at life as if through rose-colored glasses; A mighty oak and next to it a white-trunked birch is like a warrior in armor and a girl in a wedding dress; A merry song like a winged bird: it flies far, far away; He and I are like brothers(for the absence of a dash in these cases, see § 79, para. 1, note, subpara. 2).
- Commas stand out or separate comparative phrases that begin with a union How:
1) if they denote assimilation, without other shades of meaning ( How means "similar"), for example: And he saw himself as rich as in a dream(Krylov); Around the tall brow, like clouds, curls turn black(Pushkin); His hands were trembling like mercury(Gogol); The air is clean and fresh, like the kiss of a child...(Lermontov); In the sky brightly sparkled, like a living eye, the first star(Goncharov); Below, like a steel mirror, lakes of jets turn blue(Tyutchev); Like a seagull, the sail there is white in height(Fet); At the very bottom, dry and yellow as copper, lay huge slabs of clay stone.(Turgenev); Words endlessly stretched out one after another, like thick saliva.(Saltykov-Shchedrin); The old bridge was broken, and in its place they made a basement embankment, straight as a stick(L. Tolstoy); The old man cried like a child(Nikitin); Korolev is trying to introduce school discipline and treats students as students of the gymnasium where he was director(Korolenko); ... We drank grandmother's liquors - yellow as gold, dark as tar, and green(Bitter); Words with us, down to the most important thing, become a habit, decay like a dress ...(Mayakovsky); He moved with restraint, like a man who knows how to manage his time well.(Fedin); Through my whole life, as through a thousand years, I carried this memory(Prishvin); And the wife is already standing at the door and holding the frying pan, like a gun, at the ready.(Sholokhov); The steppe went into the distance, vast and even, like the sea(L. Sobolev); There were a lot of people on the street, like on a holiday(Tikhonov); Lightning, like ties, fly in the wind(Bagritsky); And hugged like brothers, father and boy-son(Twardowski);
2) if there is a demonstrative word in the main part of the sentence so, such, that, so, For example: The coachman was as amazed at his generosity as the Frenchman himself was at Dubrovsky's offer.(Pushkin); Nowhere at a mutual meeting do they bow so nobly and naturally as on Nevsky Prospekt(Gogol); His facial features were the same as those of his sister.(L. Tolstoy); Laevsky is unquestionably harmful and just as dangerous to society as the cholera microbe...(Chekhov); Everything around is somehow ecclesiastical, and the oil smells as strong as in the church.(Bitter). But: Our group passed all tests ahead of schedule, as well as parallel(without splitting the compound, see § 108);
3) if the turnover begins with a combination like, For example: To Moscow, as well as to the whole country, I feel my sonship, as to an old nanny(Paustovsky); There was something unusual in her eyes, as in her whole face; As in last year's competitions, the athletes of the Russian Federation were ahead;
4) if the turnover is expressed by a combination as a rule, as an exception, as usual, as always, as before, as now, as now, as if on purpose etc. (some of them have the character of introductory words), for example: I see, as now, the owner himself ...(Pushkin); Classes began, as usual, at nine o'clock in the morning; I remember, as now, my first teacher at school; As if on purpose, there was not a penny in his pocket; Commas are usually separated adverbial phrases .
Note. These combinations are not separated by commas if they are part of the predicate or are closely related to it in meaning, for example: In autumn and winter thick fogs are common in London; Yesterday went as usual.(i.e., as usual);
5) in revolutions none other than And nothing but, For example: From the front, the Rhine Falls are nothing more than a low ledge of water.(Zhukovsky).
- Turnovers with union How not separated by commas:
1) if the meaning of the circumstance of the mode of action comes to the fore in the turnover (to the question how?); usually such turns can be replaced by the instrumental case of a noun or an adverb, for example: Like hail rained buckshot(Lermontov) (cf .: hailed); Like smoke dissipated dreams(Lermontov); Like a demon insidious and evil(Lermontov) (cf .: demonically insidious); Ring as the heat burns(Nekrasov); In anger he roared like thunder, flashed like steel; The horse flies like a blizzard, like a blizzard hurries; Like lightning in the sky they blazed, like fiery rain fell from the sky;
2) if the main meaning of the turnover is equalization or identification, for example: ... You loved me as a property, as a source of joys, anxieties and sorrows ...(Lermontov) (cf .: ... loved me, considering me his property); …He[Judas] gave his stone as the only thing he could give(Saltykov-Shchedrin);
3) if union How has the meaning "as" or turnover with the union How(application) characterizes an object from any one side (see § 93, paragraph 5, note): Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere as a groom(Pushkin); I speak like a writer(Bitter); My ignorance of the language and silence was interpreted as diplomatic silence(Mayakovsky); We know India as a country ancient culture; The public appreciated the early Chekhov as a subtle humorist; We know Lermontov more as a poet and prose writer and less as a playwright; I will keep this letter as a memory; These ideas are promoted among artists as progressive; Peter I did not consider it shameful for himself to work as a simple carpenter; Yuri Gagarin went down in history as the world's first cosmonaut;
4) if the turnover forms a nominal part compound predicate(for the absence of a dash in these cases, see § 79, paragraph 1, note, paragraph 2) or is closely related to the predicate in meaning (usually in these cases the predicate does not have a complete meaning without a comparative turnover), for example: Some are like emerald, others are like coral(Krylov); She walked like a wild(Goncharov); Like a child in soul I became(Turgenev); Gamzat left the tent, went to the stirrup of Umma Khan and received him as Khan(L. Tolstoy); Her father and mother are like strangers to her(Dobrolyubov); I looked enchanted(Arseniev); Everyone treated Vanya like their own person.(Prishvin); Like the sun she(Seifullin); He talked about familiar things as something extraordinarily interesting.(Paustovsky); Prishvin thought of himself as a poet "crucified on the cross of prose"(Paustovsky); Ice like ice, desert like desert(Kaverin); Everything is as in the pictures: and mountains, and forest, and water; Everything is as usual, only the clock was standing; He has cattle like ants in an anthill.
Wed Also: feel like one's in one's own element, behave like a deranged person, take it as a hint, take it as a praise, perceive it as a danger, look at it like a child, greet it like a friend, appreciate it as an achievement, regard it as an exception, take it for granted, present it as a fact, qualify as a violation of the law, mark as a great success, interest as a novelty, put forward as a project, justify as a theory, accept as inevitable, develop as a tradition, state as a proposal, interpret as unwillingness to participate, define as a case of a separate application, characterize as a type, stand out as a talent, formalize as an official document, be used as a phraseological phrase, sound like a call, enter as component, figure as a representative, feel like a foreign body, exist as an independent organization, emerge as something unexpected, develop as a progressive idea, complete as an urgent task and so on.;
5) if the comparative turnover is preceded by negation Not or words quite, absolutely, almost, almost, exactly, exactly, exactly, just etc., for example: I brought up in myself this feeling of a holiday not as a rest and just a means for further struggle, but as a desired goal, the completion of the highest creativity of life.(Prishvin); It was almost as bright as day; Children sometimes reason just like adults; The girl's hair curls exactly like her mother's;
6) if the turnover has the character of a stable combination, for example: The lion fell like a mountain from his shoulders(Krylov); Yes, tell the doctor to bandage his wound and take care of him like the apple of his eye(Pushkin); The young spouses were happy, and their life flowed like clockwork(Chekhov).
Wed Also: white as a harrier, white as a sheet, white as snow, pale as death, glistens like a mirror, sickness vanished like a hand, afraid like fire, wanders like a restless man, rushed like a madman, mumbles like a sexton, ran in like a madman, spins like a squirrel in a wheel , squeals like a pig, I see as in the afternoon, everything is like a selection, jumped up as if stung, looked like a wolf, stupid as a cork, naked as a falcon, hungry as a wolf, as far as the sky from the earth, trembling as if in a fever, trembling like an aspen leaf, everything is like water off a goose, waiting like manna from heaven, fell asleep like a dead man, healthy as an ox, knows like the back of his hand, walks beside him like a sewn one, rolled like cheese in butter, sways like a drunk, swayed like a jelly, red like cancer, strong like an oak, screams like a catechumen, flies like an arrow, hit like a goat, bald as a knee, pours like a bucket, waves his arms like a windmill, rushes about like mad, wet like a mouse, gloomy like a cloud, people like a herring in a barrel, not to be seen like his ears, dumb as a grave, worn like a stray, needed like air, stopped as if rooted to the spot, remained like a stranded cancer, sharp as a razor, different as heaven from earth, turned pale like a sheet, repeated as if in delirium, you will go like a pretty, remember what was their name, to hit like a butt on the head, they look like two drops of water, went to the bottom like a stone, devoted like a dog, stuck like bath sheet, to fall like through the ground, disappeared as if sunk into the water, just like a knife through the heart, burned like fire, dispersed like smoke, grow like mushrooms after the rain, fell like snow on the head, fresh as blood with milk, fresh as a cucumber, sat as if on pins and needles, sit as if on coals, sit as if chained, listened as if spellbound, looked as if spellbound, slept like a log, slender as a cypress, hard as a stone, dark as at night, skinny as a skeleton, cowardly as a hare, died like a hero, fell stubborn like a ram, stubborn like a donkey, tired like a dog, whipping like a bucket, walking like a downcast, cold as ice, black as hell, feel at home, staggered like a drunk, walked like an execution and so on.
Good afternoon, please help with punctuation in the sentence: Show me a person who, after my mother's "do what you want", would really do what you want. Do whatever you want. Do you need a comma? Thanks a lot
The comma is not needed.
| Question #300780 | ||
"Let's find out what she wants, what you want ...". In such sentences, should you use "what" or "what"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Preferably: what do you want, what do you want.
| Question #298034 | ||
Hello! Tell me if you need a comma - ask (,) what do you want?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
A comma is not required.
| Question #297623 | ||
Good afternoon. Many times I saw, even here, a question like "I forgot how to breathe." Still, a comma is needed or not. And why?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
The comma is needed. This is a complex sentence, and it does not apply to those models in which a comma is not put. Here is an excerpt from D. E. Rosenthal's Handbook of Punctuation.
§ 33. A comma between the main and subordinate parts of a complex sentence
1. The subordinate clause of a complex sentence is separated or highlighted by commas: While his wife was preparing breakfast, Danilov went out into the garden(Pan.); How long he sat at the fallen spruce, Andrey did not remember(Bub.); Her piercing, sharp voice, which is only found in the south, cut the distance, almost unabated.(Paul); Kapustin promised to negotiate with the head of the school so that he would increase the number of sorties for Meresyev, and suggested that Alexei draw up a training program for himself(Floor.); The injection of water can serve as direct evidence that pain influences in themselves are not able to lower the secretion.(I.P.); The old man ordered the meat to be cooked for real, so that it would have good view (Sem.).
2. As part of a complex sentence, there may be an incomplete sentence - in the main part or subordinate clause:
1) incomplete in the main part: We've been married for two years now(cf.: We've been married for two years now- simple sentence); It's been a month since he returned from the south(cf.: It's been a month since he returned from the south- a comma before the union would “tear off” the predicate from the subject); It's been three weeks since we've been here(cf.: We've been here for three weeks- the circumstance of place is expressed by the combination like here); But: Third day as he is here- a simple sentence, while in the examples above, the main part of the sentence implied the words: elapsed since that time;
2) incomplete or close to incomplete in the subordinate part: It was hard to understand what was going on.;Ready to help in any way I can;Gradually learned to figure out what's what(cf.: Understand what's what); People know what they're doing; Come in, who's already with checks; Sit where it's free; Do whatever it takes; Set as you like; Tell who should; Resolutely scolded all and sundry(with a touch of clarification; cf.: Leaflets are piled up, they are taken by all and sundry- phraseological turnover with the meaning "anyone who wants, who wants to"); Send where needed; But: Do what you want etc. (see § 41, paragraph 2. Expressions with a verb are not separated by a commawant, forming whole the meaning of the expression: write how you want("write in any way");whoever wants to command him;he is not driven only by those who do not want;come when you want;take as much as you want;play with whoever you want;Do whatever you want;manage as you wish;write any article you want;drink whatever wine you want;marry whoever you want(But: marry whoever you want;marry whoever he wants- P in the dissected meaning of the verbs that form the predicate incomplete sentence) ).
3. If the main part of the complex sentence is inside the subordinate clause (in colloquial style speech), then the comma is usually placed only after the main part (but not before it); compare: It cannot be said that he was engaged in the economy ...(G.) - You can’t say that he would be engaged in farming; But these words make me uncomfortable for you to say...(Hertz.) But I'm uncomfortable for you to say these words.
Words not separated by commas see, You know etc. in interrogative-exclamatory sentences like: And you know how good he is!; Do you see what he is doing?(see § 25, paragraph 8).
4. A comma is not placed between the main and following the subordinate clause of a complex sentence in the following cases:
1) if there is a negative particle before the subordinating union or allied word Not: At sea, in pitching, you sleep not when you want, but when you can(Gonch.); Try to find out not what they have already done, but what they are going to do next.; I came not to interfere with your work, but, on the contrary, to help; The Roman generals considered it important to establish not how many enemy troops in front of them, but where they were; He knows not only where the game is found, but also what varieties of it live there.;
2) if before the subordinating union or allied word is coordinative conjunction and, or, or etc. (usually repetitive): Consider both what he said and how he said it.; He did not hear how his sister entered the room, nor how she silently left; I will respond to your request either when the next issue of the newsletter arrives or when I myself make the necessary inquiry, cf. also with a single union: I had no idea how to get out of the situation; I know how it's done; The boy was forgiven and when he did not obey anyone, but (with the reverse order of the main and subordinate parts): What was the name of this boy, and I do not remember;
3) if the subordinate clause consists of one allied word (relative pronoun or adverb): I would also like to know why(L.T.); I don't know why but I didn't understand it(Trif.); He left and did not say where; He promised to return soon, but did not specify when.; It's hard to say why; The mother determined the temperature of the child with her lips: she would put them on her forehead and immediately determine how much; Someone gave the patient a cup of water, he did not even look at who; I will not say what, I say - a great misfortune.
A comma is not put, and if there are several relative words acting as homogeneous members offers: I don't know why or how, but the letter suddenly disappeared; Call - ask who and why.
If there is a particle with the allied word, then setting a comma is optional; compare: I don't remember exactly what; It's hard for him to say what else.; This quote can be found, I even remember about where.
In context, it is possible to put a comma before a single allied word; compare: What should be done? Teach what(strengthened logical selection of the pronoun). - At one time he whispered something, they could not understand - what?(A.T.) (setting a dash emphasizes the meaning of the pronoun and is justified by interrogative intonation).
5. If there are words before the subordinating conjunction especially, in particular, that is, namely, for example, and, but just etc. with an attached meaning, then a comma is not placed after these words (cf. § 24, paragraph 4): Schoolchildren do not want to study in the spring, especially when the sun is warm and bright; I had to carry out additional research work, in particular, when the experimental verification of the operation of the machine began; The author has the right to receive part of the royalties in accordance with the terms of the contract, that is, when the manuscript is approved by the publisher; The expedition will have to end ahead of schedule adverse conditions when does the rainy season start; Just in case, have your ID with you, for example, when you receive money by postal order; The graduate student came to Moscow to meet with his supervisor, as well as to work in the archives.
6. If there are reinforcing particles in front of the subordinating union just, just, just, exclusively etc., then a comma is placed in front of them contrary to intonation (when reading, a pause is not made in front of them; cf. § 20): Katya left the dining room just as we stepped towards each other through some suitcases.(Kav.); I will do this work only if I am free(cf.: ...if only I'm free); He came just to help me(cf.: He came not only to see me, but also to help me.- negative particle influence Not).
Do not put a comma after the highlight particles here, after all facing the subordinating conjunction in the subordinate clause preceding the main: There is nothing much to brag about yet, that's how we will do the job, then come.
| Question No. 295172 | ||
Tell me, is a comma needed in the phrase “Watch what you want” (meaning “watch on TV”)? Or should this phrase be taken as a whole expression in terms of meaning?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
You don't need to put a comma.
| Question No. 292181 | ||
In a sentence, you can tell them everything you want to say, and they will believe. Do you need a comma after the word "want?" I would be grateful for an answer.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
If the words All you want used to mean "anything, absolutely everything", then the correct punctuation is: You can tell them whatever you want and they will believe you.
| Question #291739 | ||
Hello! Please answer, I am writing for the second time! Choose what you want from our catalog. Need commas? Is it a complete expression (such as "do what you want") or a truncated subordinate clause (should stand out)? I really appreciate your help, thanks!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
No commas are needed because words what do you want in this sentence they mean "anything". Right: Choose what you want from our catalog.
| Question #288495 | ||
Yes, do whatever you want! Please check commas.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
There are two options depending on intonation: Yes, whatever you want to do! And Yes, do whatever you want!
| Question #287317 | ||
Hello! The question arose: is a comma needed in the sentence "We do what we want." The proposal is planned to be used to refer to a whole series of books. Or does punctuation work here like "do what you want, live as you want", and a comma is not needed? Thank you
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
The comma is not needed.
| Question #285913 | ||
Hello! I need your help. I have a very stupid question: do I need a comma before the word "what" in the sentence "grandma does not know what to do." I looked at Rosenthal, but I still didn’t understand whether I should put it on or not? He says that you can not put "A comma is not placed before a subordinating union or an allied word as part of indecomposable combinations" (do what you want). However, there was a dispute and the opponent claims that it is necessary here! I will be grateful!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
The comma is needed. Wed example from the reference book by D. E. Rosenthal: The prince is so amazed that he does not know what to do.
| Question No. 278207 | ||
Good afternoon, tell me if additional signs are needed here: "Connect the Internet and do what you want"? Thank you.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
No, no punctuation is needed anymore.
| Question #276159 | ||
Do you need commas in the sentences “Do (,) what you want”, “Go (,) where you want”, “Where you want (,) go”?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
The specified commas are not required.
| Question #272969 | ||
Hello!Could you explain the use of a comma or its absence in the line "Write me what you want". Thanks in advance!
Write to me what you want. Let the lines seem torn.
Those who are frozen so often have no shelter in the night.
I know that before you were, like me, lonely.
Write to me what you want. Write about the betrayal of Brutus.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
The comma is not needed. Expressions with a verb are not separated by a comma want, forming expressions that are integral in meaning, cf .: come when you want; take as much as you like; walk with whom you want; Do whatever you want.
| Question #228879 | ||
Please tell me if the punctuation in the sentence is correct: "So (,) you want - you don't want, but you need to shave"
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
That's right: _So you want or don't want to, but you have to shave_.
| Question #217084 | ||
Hello! Tell me if a comma is needed before what in the example: In a department store, everything you want. Thank you, Vera Polyakova.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
In the meaning of an integral expression, _everything you want is written without a comma.
Expressions that are integral in meaning are not separated or separated by commas.
§ 41.1
A comma is not placed before a subordinating union or an allied word as part of indecomposable combinations: do it right (as it should be, as it should be); perform as it should (as it should, as it should); grab whatever comes up; appear as if nothing had happened; strive at all costs; come when you want; who hid where in time; do not climb where you should not; spend the night where you have to; take what you like; save who can; live as you know; here you can always get what you need; everything was as it should be; tell me what you like; take what they give; tell it like it really is; swears at what the world stands on; find what to do; find something to do; I will invite whomever I wish; get what you need(But: get everything you need);profit from what you can; paid God knows how much; to give what is not a pity; the picture is wonderfully good; passion how interesting; work what you need(But: Re-read what you need and answer); get what you need; fouls the devil knows what.
Wed: in language fiction: And now, out of mercy, the corner is allotted - and they live what the lord will send(T.); Come what may, I'll see Boris!(Sharp); Be happy with whom you want(Dost.); We God knows where are we going(L.T.); Finally, someone rushed from the crowd to the guy and, grabbing him by the shoulders, shouted what was the strength(Grig.); "I'll treat you! I will feed everyone!” - shouted Ilya Ignatievich what is urine(Dec.); I live where you have to(Ch.); They reminisced about their youth and chatted god knows what(Ch.); “Cool old man,” muttered Panteley. - What a cool trouble!(Ch.); Look, listen here what not to(M.G.); ... He never hit a finger on a finger, but lived where will god send(Boon.); Kuzma even shrugged his shoulders: god knows what in these steppe heads!(Boon.); He will come god knows what with your games(Paust.); Our grandfather what a bold horror(Paust.); Remained in the buff(Sh.); Headquarters remained as if nothing had happened where he stood(Sim.).
This rule is based on the fact that phraseological units do not form the subordinate part of a complex sentence and are usually equivalent to a sentence member. Yes, combined talk about it wherever he can the last words mean "everywhere". If any of the above and similar phrases is used not as a phraseological unit, then it can form a subordinate part (usually an incomplete sentence) and be separated by commas.
Wed: Colloquial words began to be used where you need and don't need("everywhere"). - Put, where needed missing punctuation marks("where it is needed").
§ 41.2
Expressions with a verb are not separated by a comma want, forming expressions that are integral in meaning: write how you want("write in any way"); whoever wants to commands over him; he is not driven only by those who do not want to; come when you want; take as much as you like; walk with whom you want; Do whatever you want; manage as you wish; write any article you want; drink whatever wine you want; marry whoever you want(But: married whom he wanted; marry whoever he wants ri dismembered meaning of verbs that form the predicate of an incomplete sentence).
You think what you want(L.T.); Doesn't matter, call whoever you want(A.T.); "Do what you want", - answered them dryly Dubrovsky(P.); Let's get the money where he wants and how he wants(Kupr.).
§ 41.3
Inside combinations not that, not that, not that, not otherwise no comma: Here now not that earlier, everything became more interesting; Not really very satisfied, but I can't complain; time spent not so that it's a lot of fun; Note can be typed not otherwise than petite.
Wed in the language of fiction: I him… not that to love not that so as not to love, because somehow ...(T.); Today not that soldier, but I saw the peasants(L.T.); That minute I'm not that scared, but a little shy(Cupr.); Chichikov called the assistant not otherwise than father(G.).
§ 41.4
(not) greater than, (not) less than, (not) earlier than, (not) later than etc., if they do not contain a comparison: The package weighs not more than eight kilograms(cf.: ... no more than eight kilograms); He will return no sooner than In the evening(cf.: ...not before evening); Work can be done less than in an hour; you were for me more than friend; Submit documents no later than tomorrow; overheads turned out to be higher than expected; With your musical ability, you need to think not less than about the conservatory; temperature in the incubator not lower than need to; To the test he more than ready; All this no more than idle dreams; He was more than artist - he was a poet; The calculations turned out more than approximate; Mission accomplished less than one third; This no more than slander; Product output increased more than twice; Shrovetide passed me worse than sadly(Ch.).
But (when there is a comparison or collation): Works no less than others; Suffered from the cold more than hunger; returned earlier than expected; This room higher than the neighboring He will return no later than the circumstances so require; Guests turned out less than expected; More than physical pain he suffered from the thought that he was now disabled(gas.); More than anything else the patient needs rest; Sipyagin was much worried more than his guest(T.).
§ 41.5
The comma is not placed inside combinations it is not known who (what), it is not known which (where, how, where, where, from), it is not clear who (what), it is not clear which (where, how, where, from where, whose), it does not matter who (what), it does not matter which (where , how, where, where, whose), no matter who (what), no matter what (where, how, where, where, whose); came it is not known why; asked me it is not clear what; pass no matter who; accommodate visitors no matter where.
Wed: In the morning the old man saw a short gelding and grieved: without a tail no matter what without a head - look disgusting(A.T.).
§ 41.6
A comma is not placed before a combination of an interrogative-relative pronoun who, what, what etc. or adverbs where, where, from where and others with words whatever And horrible, since in these cases whole expressions are formed with the meaning of a word or phrase: anyone("any"), anything("All"), any("any"), anywhere("everywhere"), anywhere("everywhere"), whenever("Always"), from anywhere("from everywhere") arbitrarily("many"), etc.; whoever("no matter who") haphazardly("no matter how") whatever(“it doesn’t matter which one”), etc. For example: It can do anyone; He left home when, where and for how long(But: I could sing as much as I wanted - with the loss of phraseological integrity); Came and took whatever; dug anywhere.
Wed in the language of fiction: Give me an answer whatever and whenever(T.); I ready to wait as much as you want(T.); ... Everyone lends me as much as you like(G.); This you will find anywhere(Trif.); Grandfather was taken apart by such anger that he stopped ten times and spat with fury anywhere(Cat.); Scolding careless carters who piled firewood anyhow... Grandma began to stack the woodpile(Guide.).
Same for combinations. as much as you like And as much as you like: You can be indignant at people like Bazarov as much as you like, but to recognize their sincerity is absolutely necessary(D.P.); Well guys, warm up now how much will fit(Ver.).
§ 41.7
The comma is not placed inside expressions like there is something to do, there is something to work on, there was something to think about, I will find where to turn, I don’t find what to say, I have something to live on, consisting of a verb be or find (find), stay and interrogative-relative place of a name or adverb (who, what, where, where, when etc.) and the indefinite form of another verb: You have something in the world to forget(L.); There is someone to scold, there is no one to feed(Dal); There is something to like(Pis.); And our intelligentsia has something to love, there is something to respect(M.G.); There is something to think about; Found something to surprise; I couldn't find anything to say; We will have something to trump; Found where to be fashionable; There is a time to chat with you!; There was reason to be despondent; Friends have something to talk about; The guys had a place to spend free time; We had something to reproach him for.
§ 41.8
Commas do not separate combinations who is neither, what is not, what is not and so on.: You willingly admit that someonenot to eat…personally corrected the symmetry in your physiognomy(S.-SH.); It was the mostwhatever isordinary woman(Er.); ... I'd better see how you work - everythingwhateverexperience(EAT.).
§ 41.9
No comma before conjunction What in expression only and... that, followed by a noun or pronoun: Only money and a nickel in your pocket; Only and only that the shirt is on the body; The only entertainment is that the cinema once a week; Only the light that is in the window; Only talk that about the two of them.
But if the construction containing a complex particle in the first part only and verb do (do, know) and union What, has a verb in the second part, then before What comma put: They are with their grandfather only did that played chess(Success); From nine in the morning to six in the evening only you know that sticking around here(Cupr.); Only does that chatting; Just did that refused; Only knows that goes from corner to corner. The use of a comma in such sentences is explained by the fact that they are complex: the second part with the union What shows that one's activity is limited, and a complex particle only and in the first part indicates this limitation.
The same if the second part is a subordinate part of a complex sentence: The only new thing hares confer on how to drive the eagles away(L.T.).
§ 42. Comparative turnover
§ 42.1
commas comparative turns are distinguished or separated, beginning with unions as if, as if, as if, rather than, exactly that: The wind blew towards as if trying to stop a young criminal(P.); From a height I saw Moscow as an anthill(P.); And the old cat Vaska seemed to be more affectionate towards him, than to anyone in the house(Gonch.); ... And her hair[mermaids] green, what is your cannabis(T.); However, they were more like caricatures. than portraits(T.); By the end of the duck hunt, like goodbye began to rise in flocks(T.); But precisely because Alexandra Gavrilovna gets excited, she loses more often, than husband(S.-SH.); From somewhere it smelled of musty dampness, right out of the cellar(M.-S.); Panteleimon ... sits on the goats, stretching straight ahead, exactly wooden, hands(Ch.); Sometimes you shoot a hare, wound him in the leg, and he screams, like a child(Ch.); The moon rose very crimson and gloomy, definitely sick(Ch.); On the Red Square, as if through the fog of centuries, the outlines of walls and towers are unclear(A.T.); Better late than never(last).
Commas in these cases are not put if the turns are phraseological in nature: What stuck like a bath leaf?(T.); What are you Did you really swallow a fly?(M.-S); As I recall my old concepts, I suddenly as if someone is pouring brew(Sharp); Traitors as if they had sunk into the water (N.N.); Right out of the ground grown stroller on tires(Alt.); One Smolnikov was as if on pins and needles(Copt.). In some sentences, phraseological units act as a predicate, and not as a comparative phrase.
§ 42.2
Comparative turns with the indicated conjunctions are not separated by commas if they are part of the predicate or are closely related to it in meaning: The stars in the dark sky are like sequins scattered over velvet; He looks for life as if through rose-colored glasses; Gulf water like black ink; mighty oak like a warrior in armor; Happy song what a winged bird: carried away far, far away; Into the past we we look as if through a crystal prism; He and I are like brothers; It stands as if rooted to the spot; Lantern lights like lighthouses(for the absence of a dash in these cases, see § 5).
§ 42.3
commas comparative turns are distinguished or separated with the union How in the following cases:
1) if they denote assimilation (How means "like"): Light fingers, like a dream, touched my cheeks he (P.); her mouth, like a rose blush(P.); Broken to dust, escaping, he is careless, like a stupid child(P.); ... And the whole steppe was covered with the fallen, like a swarm of black locusts(P.); Like an unfortunate separation Tatyana grumbles at the stream(P.); The air is clean and fresh like kissing a child(L.); And the sadness at the bottom of the old wound stirred, like a kite(L.); And, like the mute victims of the coffin, they were both careless(L.); Like a desert leopard angry and wild, I burned(L.); Under him, like an ocean blue steppe all around(Cr.); And he saw himself rich, like in a dream(Cr.); At the bottom, like a steel mirror jet lakes turn blue(Tyutch.); And embittered by the battle as if on a fatal attack, again the waves climb with a howl(Tyutch.); … These luminaries like living eyes look at the sleepy world of the earth(Tyutch.); And sweet thrill like a stream ran through the veins of nature(Tyutch.); Here the stars look from the sky, and, like a river will light up Milky Way (Fet); Like a seagull the sail there is white in height(Fet); He is surprisingly well-behaved, careful, like a cat(T.); At the very bottom, dry and yellow, like copper huge slabs of clay stone lay(T.); Like a woman you loved your country(N.); Words endlessly stretched out one after another, like thick saliva(S.-SH.); The officer gasped and, curled up, sat down on the ground, like a bird shot in the air(L.T.); She is like a bee knew where to sting him more painfully(L.T.); The old bridge was broken and in its place they made a basement, straight, like a stick embankment(L.T.); I suffered for the sweet, kind Ivan Andreevich, like a son(L.T.); His existence is enclosed in this tight program, like an egg in a shell(L.T.); She looked at him like an icon with fear and remorse(L.T.); Tall, black chimneys loomed sullenly and sternly, rising above the settlement, like thick sticks(M.G.); ... We drank grandmother's liqueurs - yellow, like gold dark, like tar and green(M.G.); Just a little something - and I will go to eat, like rusty iron(M.G.); Only the corners of the hall remained motionless, tight, like a pillow with a feather full of guests(M.G.); ... Nikita has girlish eyes, big and blue, how is his shirt(M.G.); Words with us, down to the most important thing, become a habit, decay, like a dress(M.); I through all my life, like a thousand years later brought this memory(Shv.); It attracts a mystery, tempting, like an eternal spring beating from the innermost depths(Fed.); There were many people on the street like a holiday(quiet); Lightning, like ties fly in the wind(Bagr.); And the wife is already at the door and the frying pan, like a gun keeps at the ready(Sh.); And hugged like brothers, father and boy son(TV).
Wed Also: Year, What's up(movie title), - “a year is like life”, and not “a year is life” (cf .: The sky is like a sea where union How the predicate joins); A stately figure loomed like a statue(“loomed like a statue”, and not “loomed like a statue”; see below); Farmers look at us how I don’t know to whom; Friends, like in a dream went outside; Light bulbs hung low, glowing like in fog; On that day Mary like a storm flew into the house; Let's talk like a man with a man; dispose me, as a friend; Every word of his like fire burns; The slander spread like an infection The last word He said, how he chopped off; She could not sit idly by, she worked, how a bird sings - the comparison is expressed not by a turnover, but by a whole sentence; He wanted like a child pat her on the head repositive comparative turnover.
Comparative turnover may contain a shade of causal meaning: Wasenda, as a positive and practical person, found unprofitable fixed place(Rem.) (“being a positive person”); She was, as the smaller father's favorite(L.T.) (“because she was smaller”); As a senior I order you, gentlemen, to disperse immediately(Cupr.); He pushed aside that fleeting suspicion as inspired by his suspiciousness; release, as if he didn't get the job done...(compare with the setting of a comma when applied with a union How with a causal connotation of meaning; see § 19, paragraph 7);
2) if there is a demonstrative word in the main part of the sentence (so, such, that, so): The coachman was in the same amazement at his generosity, like the Frenchman himself from Dubrovsky's proposal(P.); Nowhere at a mutual meeting do they bow so nobly and naturally, like on Nevsky Prospekt(G.); His features were the same like my sister(L.T.); Laevsky is unquestionably harmful and just as dangerous to society, like a cholera microbe(Ch.); Everything around is some kind of church, and the oil smells just as strong, like in church(M.G.); ... I will do everything to become such, how is she(Pan.); Rarely do you see such interesting person, How is he.
But: Our group passed all tests ahead of schedule, same as parallel - without dismembering a complex union (see § 34, paragraph 1);
3) if the turnover begins with a combination like: To Moscow, like the whole country I feel my sonship, like an old nanny(Paust.); In her eyes as in the whole face, there was something unusual; Children, like the adults must be accustomed to comply with the rules of the hostel; As in last year's competition, athletes of the Russian Federation were ahead;
4) if the turnover is expressed by combinations as a rule, as an exception, as usual, as always, as before, as now, as now, as if on purpose and so on.: I see as it is now, the owner himself(P.); What a shame! How on purpose not a soul! (T.) - in meaning introductory word; She is now slim and thin again, like before(M.G.); The day has begun As always, in thick fog(arr.); I remember like now, this meeting during the expedition; Commas usually, adverbial phrases are distinguished; As an exception, you will be allowed to retake the exam; A dispute flared up about rites in general - are rites permissible, as such, do they harbor superstitions and prejudices(Ver.); To get the job done, you will need least, whole month; Athletes prepare for the Olympics more than ever, tensely;
5) in revolutions none other than And none other than: Front Rhine Falls nothing more than a low water ledge(Bug.); For a moment it even seemed to him that none other than Valko, could give Volodya Osmukhin such a task(F.).
Wed Also: Who, how not he can fulfill your request; He, like no one knows how to help in time.
§ 42.4
Turnovers with union How not separated by commas:
1) if the meaning of the circumstance of the course of action comes to the fore (turns with How can be replaced in these cases by the form of the instrumental case of a noun or an adverb): like hail buckshot rained down(L.) (cf.: sprinkled with hail); like a demon wicked and evil(L.) (cf.: demonically insidious); In anger he like thunder thundered, like steel flashed; Horse like a blizzard flies, like a blizzard in a hurry; Like lightning in the sky they blazed, like fire rain fell from the sky; I looked at her like a fool(T.);
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Note. When analyzing such examples, we proceed from the author's punctuation and try to explain it, which, as you know, is a very complicated matter. So, comparing the above two sentences from the poems of M. Yu. Lermontov with his own phrase She'll slip away like a snake flutter and fade away, like a bird we can assume that in the latter case it was important for the author to create artistic images by, so to speak, pure comparison ( like a snake, like a bird, although the comparison is preserved in combinations slip away like a snake, rush away like a bird, but with an added touch of action). Likewise in verse I look like crazy on a black shawl(P.) the meaning "like a madman" prevails over the meaning "I look like a madman." Therefore, some sentences allow double interpretation and, therefore, double punctuation; compare: He died, like a real hero("like a hero"). - He died like a real hero("died a hero"). |
2) if the main meaning of the turnover is equalization or identification: …You loved meas property, as a source of joys, anxieties and sorrows(L.) (cf.: ... loved me, considering me his property- i.e., identifying me with their property); Try to look at meas a patientobsessed with a disease you still don't know(L.) (cf.: ... equating me with their patients); [Judas] served his stoneas the onlywhat could he give(S.-SH.);
3) if union How has the meaning "as" or turnover with conjunction How characterizes an object from any one side (see § 19, paragraph 7): Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere like a groom(P.); So I advise you like a buddy be careful(L.); I speak like a writer(M.G.); We know India as country of ancient culture; I will keep this letter like a memory; They are talking like strangers; We met like old acquaintances; Buying and selling as a commodity not labor, but labor power; Space explorers settled on dogs as sufficiently highly organized animals; Negotiations were to be made with him. as with equal side; Peter I did not consider it shameful to work like a simple carpenter; Yuri Gagarin went down in history as the world's first astronaut;
4) if the turnover forms the nominal part of the compound predicate or is closely related in meaning to the predicate (usually in these cases the predicate does not have a complete meaning without a comparative turnover): Marya Ilyinichna sitting on pins and needles(P.); Some are like emerald, others are like coral(Kr.) (see § 5, note); She herself walked like a wild(Gonch.); Like a child in soul I became(T.); “A city is like a city,” Bazarov remarked coolly.(T.); Gamzat left the tent, went to the stirrup of Umma Khan and accepted his like khana(L.T.); Her father and mother like strangers(Good.); Our garden as a passage yard (Ch.); I looked enchanted(Ars.); Tell my were rated as funny or bad jokes(M.G.); All treated to Vanya as your person(Shv.); Poem was spoken as a confession(Fed.); splashes and waves were like in life(Fed.); I speak of the poet Nikolai Tikhonov as the happiest writer's fate(Fed.); Like the sun she(Safe.); He talked about the usual things like something extraordinarily interesting(Paust.); Prishvin thought About Me how about a poet "crucified on the cross of prose"(Paust.); At the local market like in any market; He was sitting thunderstruck; All as in the pictures: and mountains, and forest, and water; Feel yourself like at home; These words he spoke how good well-mannered person; Everything is as usual, only the clock became; Forehead was like white marble; Our view was like the latter robbers; Everything is like with people; They have cattle like ants in an anthill; Girl's hair like straw; This sound was like an alarm clock; His whole life is like a light holiday; You have a douche like a hare; At war like in a war; She told him like a mother; In his best works, the writer appears as creator deeply realistic pictures of reality; clouds like lead; A few years later our village will be like a city; You boil this fish, and it become like butter; dry, and become like a stone; Dress became like a rag; Everyone understood this remark as an objection; They were worried neighbor's death How personal grief; He was spoken of as an honest man; She behaved like a hostess; He lives with a bandage over his eyes; To underground fires people always treated like to the terrible enemy; Play written as a comedy;
Him right away accepted as one's own; Readers perceive his books like a textbook life; He looked like a sick person; Actor remained in theater history like a great artist; Beasts in fables behave like people; This melody was created by Glinka, but she perceived as truly folk; I accept your feedback as a sign of approval; Opinion this is regarded as a hypothesis; About "A Hero of Our Time" Lermontov Belinsky spoke like a novel; He was treated like an uninvited guest; I follow them how I go after children; Many appearances look like self-reports; life credibility enters as an indispensable element in artistic truth; This is a memory lies on me like a stone; leave All as it is; The best thing keep as it was; We will accept data as such.
Other examples: feel like in your own element; behaves like an insane person; understand as a hint; take it as a compliment recognize as a danger; greet as a friend; look like a child evaluate as an achievement; be treated as an exception; take for granted; present as a fait accompli; qualify as a violation of the law; mark as a great success; interest as a novelty; put forward as a project; substantiate as a theory; develop as a tradition express as a guess; be interpreted as a refusal; define as a special case; characterize as a type; stand out as a talent; issue as an official document; sound like a call; enter as an integral part; appear as a representative; feel like a foreign body; exist as an independent organization; arise as something unforeseen; develop as a progressive beginning; perform as an urgent task; to comprehend as something new; develop as an artist and so on.;
5) if the comparative turnover is preceded by negation Not or words quite, absolutely, almost, almost, exactly, exactly, just, exactly and so on.: I brought up in myself this sense of celebration not as a rest and just a means for further struggle, but as a desired goal(Shv.); [Andrei Bely] devoted himself to the language precisely like a shaman self-excited(Fed.); It was light, almost as in the day; Children sometimes argue like adults; The girl's hair is curly like a mother;
6) if the turnover has the character of a stable combination: The deer ran a little and stoppedrooted to the spot(Ars.); Leolike a mountain off my shoulders(Cr.); Rogue manhow did you pick the sticky(Cr.); And after a few weekslike a bolt from the bluenews spread...(Versh.); With her husband, with the deceased,like a stone walllived, did not enter into anything(Sharp); The rain was pouringlike a bucket(S.-SH.); I ask you to stop these ridiculous activities English language which stuck to himlike a cow saddle(Laurel); The young spouses were happy, and their life flowedlike clockwork(Ch.); [organ grinder] works for human pleasurelike a running car(Dost.); I need your confessionlike a dog's fifth leg(Sh.); After all, she lived with a paramediclike a cat with a dog(Ch.); A fool will falllike chickens in cabbage soup,mark my word(Wirta); You are writinglike a chicken paw(M.-S.); Loosening will help himlike a dead poultice(Nick.); Will go. They didn't break them off like that.How cutewill go(Arb.); And he would have some kind of past - after all, everyone knows himas flaky(F.); It's a pity there's not enough time - ten days will fly bylike one minute(Sayan.); Like an aspen leafAlena Dmitrievna shook(Bel.); What are you worthhow is the stump?(Laurel); Nothing to do, I had to spend two nights on the ship; when he went back to Khabarovka, I found myselflike a broke cancer(Ch.); A guy will enter the compartment, stretch the furs of an accordion or a three-row, and all the worrieshow to remove by hand(Sol.); …Old bookslike the back of your handknew(M.-P.); Our brother is therelike a herring in a barrel(G.-M.); Shut up your fountain of eloquence and don't lielike a gray gelding(Mill.); Aunt with all my heart would tear melike Sidorov's goat...(Ch.); You run away from melike hell from incense(Bab.).
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Notes: 1. The comma in these cases is usually absent if the comparative turnover acts as a predicate. When it comes to comparative turnover, then under the same conditions comma may or may not be. Wed: The evening was The same like every other evening(L.T.). - From both sides of the street, the curtained windows of houses, similar to each other, looked at Matvey. The same(Kor.); Tallow candles... cherished like the apple of an eye(S.-SH.). - Necessary, like the apple of an eye, keep the memory of the best people your country; In the third battalion, a direct hit in the trench. Eleven people at once like a cow licked it with its tongue(Sim.). - ... In the yards, under the barn everything is clean, like a cow licked it with its tongue(Ser.); From here, the entire vast territory of the port was usually visible in full view(Cat.). - From the top all the surroundings were visible, in full view(Closed); ... Then together with you we would play life as per notes(M.G.). - The plan worked out by the commander ... was played out that day, as per notes(Floor.); ... He assumed that it was enough to return home, change his overcoat to a zipun, and everything would be fine as written(Sh.). - The hostess will tell you in detail and without any omissions, as written, the history of all the prosperity around you(Success); What troubles did not happen to him! Twice they pulled out of the hole, but he was all like water off a duck's back(Sharp). - This, brother, is such a person: to another, like water off a duck's back, and he takes everything to heart(Ert.) (better without a comma); Behind such a sergeant major, the company commander like Christ in the bosom(Bryk.). - B thank the Almighty that you are sitting by the swamp, like Christ bosom(Sh.). 2. The question of punctuation comparative turnovers, in particular when making comparisons of an idiomatic nature, cannot be decided in isolation from the nature of the phrases themselves (comparisons of a general language type or artistic comparisons, sometimes individually authorial), the composition of stable combinations, as it is presented in explanatory and phraseological dictionaries, etc. |
Here is a list of the most common stable combinations with the union How(according to dictionaries and observations on texts of different genres): white as a harrier (like paper, like chalk, like a canvas, like snow); cherish like the apple of an eye; pale as death; shines like a mirror; the disease vanished as if by hand; be afraid like fire; wanders like a restless; rushed like crazy; mumbling like a sexton; ran in like crazy; spinning like a squirrel in a wheel; visible as in the palm of your hand; I see as in the daytime; squeals like a pig; hangs like a whip; hangs around the neck like a millstone; everything is like a selection; jumped up as if scalded (as whipped, as stung); stupid as a cork; goal like a falcon; hungry as wolf; dirty as a pig; as far as heaven from earth; trembled as if in a fever; trembles like an aspen leaf; wait like manna from heaven; tenacious like a cat; fell asleep like the dead; froze as inanimate; healthy as an ox; angry like a dog; have at one's fingertips; rolled like cheese in butter; sways like a drunk; handsome as god(but before own name: handsome as Apollo; compare: fast like Ajax; wise as Solomon; strong like Hercules and so on.); red like cancer (like blood); strong as an oak; screams like a catechumen; light as a feather; flies like an arrow; sticky as pitch; burst like a soap bubble; to beat like Sidorov's goat; bald as a knee; it's raining cats and dogs; waves his arms like a windmill; slow like a turtle; rushing about like crazy (like wild animal); wet as a mouse; silent like a fish; gloomy as a cloud; people like herring in a barrel; not see how their ears; dumb as a grave; clumsy as an elephant; clumsy as a bear; worn like crazy; needed like air; one as a finger; remained as a cancer on the rocks; stopped dead in his tracks; razor sharp (like a knife); as different as heaven from earth; turned pale as a sheet; wandered like a beaten dog; repeated as if in delirium; you will go like a little one; remember your name; hit like a butt on the head; fluttered like a moth; went to the bottom like a stone; devoted like a dog; stuck like a bath leaf; swept like a hurricane; disappeared as if he had sunk into the water; timid as a chamois; blazed like fire; worked like a damn; melted like snow; grow like mushrooms after rain; fell like snow on his head; fresh as a cucumber; sat on pins and needles (as chained, as on coals); sweet as honey; blind as a mole; listened as spellbound; looked spellbound; slept like the dead; stands like a stump; slender as a Lebanese cedar; hard like granite (like a stone); dark as night; thick as a barrel; skinny as a skeleton; cowardly as a hare; stubborn like a ram; stubborn as a donkey; tired like a dog; cunning like a fox; gushing like a bucket; walks as if plunged into water; cold as ice; black as soot (like a chimney sweep, like hell); feel at home; staggered like a drunk; went as if to an execution; hissing like a snake; clear as daylight etc. See: Phrasebook Russian language, Ed. A. I. Molotkova. M., 1967 (corresponding dictionary entries). See also: Makarov M. M. Phraseological turnover and punctuation, Rus. language at school. 1976. No. 1.
Expressions that are integral in meaning are not separated or separated by commas.
1. A comma is not put before a subordinating union or an allied word as part of indecomposable combinations:
take what they give
take what you like
everything was as it should be
do it right (do it right, do it right)
tell it like it really is
fencing the devil knows what
to give what is not a pity
strive at all costs
get what you need(But: get what you need)
live as you know
paid god knows how much
here you can always get what you need
the picture is amazing how good
find something to do (what to do)
don't go where you shouldn't
sleep where you want
enjoy what you can
I'll invite whoever I want
come when you want
work what it takes (but: Re-read what you need and answer)
tell me what you want
swears at what the world is worth
do it right (as it should, as it should)
save who can
hid who managed to
passion is interesting
grab what comes up
turn up like nothing happened
Wed in the language of fiction: And now, out of mercy, the corner is allotted - and they livewhat the Lord will send(T.); Come what may, but I will see Boris! (Sharp); Be happy with whoever you want (Vant.); We God knows where we are going (L. T.); ... He never hit a finger on a finger, but lived where God will send (Bun.); He will come God knows whatwith your games(Paust.); Finally, someone rushed from the crowd to the guy and, grabbing him by the shoulders, shouted that there was strength (Grig.); "I'll treat you! I will feed everyone!” Ilya Ignatievich shouted what is urine (Dec.); I live where I have to (Ch.); They reminisced about their youth and chatted the devil knows what (Ch.); “Cool old man,” muttered Panteley.— What a cool trouble!(Ch.); Look, listen here what is not needed (Zh. G.); Kuzma even shrugged his shoulders: god knows what in these steppe heads!(Boon.); Our grandfather what a bold horror(Paust.); Remained in the buff(Sh.); Headquarters remained as if nothing had happened where he stood (Sim.).
This rule is based on the fact that the phraseological phrase does not form the subordinate part of a complex sentence and is usually equivalent to a sentence member. So, in combination speaks of it wherever it can the italicized words mean ‘everywhere’.
If any of the above and similar phrases is used not as a phraseological unit, then it can form a subordinate part (usually an incomplete sentence) and be separated by commas: Colloquial words began to be usedwhere you need and don't need- 'everywhere'; Put where needed , missing punctuation marks— ‘where it is needed’.
2. Expressions with the verb want, forming meaningful expressions, do not separate with a comma: write as you like (‘write in any way’); over him, who wants to command; he is not driven only by those who do not want to; come when you want; take as much as you like; walk with whom you want; Do whatever you want; manage as you wish; write any article you want; drink whatever wine you want; marry whoever you want.
But: married whom he wanted; marry whoever he wants with the dissected meaning of verbs that form the predicate of an incomplete sentence.
Wed in the language of fiction: You think what you want(L. T.); It doesn't matter, call whoever you want (A.T.); " Do what you want", - answered them dryly Dubrovsky (P.); Let's get the moneywhere he wants and how he wants(Kupr.).
3. Inside combinations not that, not that, not that, not otherwise comma is not put: Now it’s not that earlier, everything became more interesting; Not really very satisfied, but I can't complain; time spent not so that it's a lot of fun; Note can be typed none other than petite.
Wed in the language of fiction: I… not that I loved him, not that didn't like it because...(T.); Today is not what soldier, but I saw the peasants(L. T.); At that moment, I'm not that scared, but a little shy(Cupr.); Chichikov called the assistant none other than dad (G.).
4. Inside combinations (not) greater than, (not) less than, (not) earlier than, (not) later than etc., if they do not contain a comparison, a comma is not put: You were more to me than friend; To the test he more than ready; He was more than artist - he was a poet; Product output increased more than twice; The package weighs not more than eight kilograms(cf.: ... no more than eight kilograms); All this is nothing more than idle dreams; The calculations turned out more than approximate; This no more than slander; Work can be done less than in an hour; Mission accomplished less than one third; With your musical ability, you need to think not less than about the conservatory; overheads turned out to be higher than expected; He will return not earlier than in the evening (cf.: ...not before evening); Submit documents not later than Tomorrow; temperature in the incubator not lower than need to; Shrovetide passed me worse than sad (Ch.).
But (when there is a compare or match): Works no less than others; Guests turned outless than expected; Suffered from the coldmore than hunger; More than physical pain, he suffered from the thought that he was now disabled(Gas.); More than anything elsethe patient needs rest; Sipyagin was much worriedmore than his guest(T.); returned earlier than expected; This room higher than neighboring; He will return no later than circumstances require.
5. Inside combinations who (what) is unknown; it is not known which (where, how, where, from where, whose); it is not clear who (what); it is not clear which (where, how, where, from where, whose); no matter who (what); no matter what (where, how, where, from where, whose); no matter who (what); no matter what (where, how, where, from where, whose) comma is not put: came it is not known why; asked me about something; pass no matter who; accommodate visitors no matter where. Wed: In the morning the old man saw a short gelding and grieved: without a tail no matter what without a head - look disgusting(A. T.).
Note. Depending on the context, different punctuation is possible when using the above words; compare: It is not known when he will come - the word unknown has an adjective; Spare parts are not available andunknown when will be - in the subordinate part, an incomplete sentence; He will return, but no one knows when- in the subordinate part, a sentence consisting of one allied word; He will return no one knows when- whole expression; It will return, but when - is unknown - a dash after the preceding explanatory clause. [Cm. § 38.]
6. Before a combination of an interrogative-relative pronoun who, what, what, etc. or adverbs where, where, from where etc. with words anything and anything, a comma is not put, since in these cases whole expressions are formed with the meaning of a word or phrase: anyone ('any'), anything ('everyone'), whatever ('any'), anywhere ('everywhere'), anywhere ('everywhere'), whenever ('always'), from anywhere ('from everywhere'), as much as you like ('many'), etc.; whoever ('it doesn't matter who'), in any way ('it doesn't matter how'), whatever ('it doesn't matter which'), etc. For example: It can do anyone ; He left homewhen, where and for how long; Came and took anything; Dig anywhere.
Wed in the language of fiction: Give me an answer whatever and whenever(T.); I ready wait as much as you want(T.); ... Everyone lends me as much as you like (G.); You will find it anywhere (Trif.); Grandfather was taken apart by such anger that he stopped ten times and spat with fury anywhere (Cat.); Scolding careless carters who piled firewood anyhow... Grandma began to stack the woodpile(Guide.).
The same with combinations as much as you like and as much as you like: On people like Bazarov can be indignantas much as you like,but to recognize their sincerity is absolutely necessary(D.P.); Well guys, warm up now as much as you like (Ver.).
But with the loss of phraseological integrity. ... I could sing as much as I wanted.
7. Inside Type Expressions there is something to do, there is something to work on, there was something to think about, I will find where to turn, I don’t find what to say, I have something to live on, consisting of the verb to be, or to find (to be found), or to stay and an interrogative-relative pronoun or adverb ( who, what, where, where, when etc.) and the indefinite form of another verb, the comma is not put: You have something in the world to forget(L.); There is someone to scold, there is no one to feed(Dal); There is something to like (Pis); And our intelligentsia has something to love, there is something to respect(M. G.); There is something to think about; Found something to surprise; I couldn't find anything to say; We will have something to trump; Found where to be fashionable; There is a time to chat with you!; There was reason to be despondent; Friends have something to talk about; The guys had a place to spend their free time; We had something to blame him .
8. Combinations who is neither, what is not, what is not etc. are not separated by commas: You willingly allow whoever is... personally corrected the symmetry in your physiognomy(S.‑SH.); It was the most ordinary woman(Er.); ... I'd better see how you work - that's all no matter what experience I have (E. M.).
9. Before the union what in the expression only and ... what, followed by a noun or pronoun, a comma is not put: Only money and a nickel in your pocket; Only and only that the shirt is on the body; The only entertainment is that the cinema once a week; Only the light that is in the window; Only talk that about the two of them.
But if the construction containing in the first part a complex particle only and, the verb do (do, know) And union what, has a verb in the second part, then a comma is placed before that: With grandfather they only did that played chess (Success); From nine in the morning to six in the eveningonly you know that sticking around here (Cupr.); Only does that chatting; Just did that refused; Only knows that walks from corner to corner. The use of a comma in such a sentence is explained by the fact that it is complex: the second part with the union that shows that someone's activity is limited, and the complex particle only in the first part indicates this restriction.
The same if the second part is a subordinate part of a complex sentence: The only new thing hares confer how can they drive the eagles away(L. T.).
For more details, see: Popov A.S. Pseudo-subordinate sentences and punctuation practice in modern Russian // Modern Russian punctuation. M., 1979.
Expressions that are integral in meaning are not separated or separated by commas.
§ 41.1
A comma is not placed before a subordinating union or an allied word as part of indecomposable combinations: do it right (as it should be, as it should be); perform as it should (as it should, as it should); grab whatever comes up; appear as if nothing had happened; strive at all costs; come when you want; who hid where in time; do not climb where you should not; spend the night where you have to; take what you like; save who can; live as you know; here you can always get what you need; everything was as it should be; tell me what you like; take what they give; tell it like it really is; swears at what the world stands on; find what to do; find something to do; I will invite whomever I wish; get what you need(But: get everything you need);profit from what you can; paid God knows how much; to give what is not a pity; the picture is wonderfully good; passion how interesting; work what you need(But: Re-read what you need and answer); get what you need; fouls the devil knows what.
Compare: in the language of fiction: And now, out of mercy, the corner is allotted - and they live what the lord will send(T.); Come what may, I'll see Boris!(Sharp); Be happy with whom you want(Dost.); We God knows where are we going(L.T.); Finally, someone rushed from the crowd to the guy and, grabbing him by the shoulders, shouted what was the strength(Grig.); "I'll treat you! I will feed everyone!” - shouted Ilya Ignatievich what is urine(Dec.); I live where you have to(Ch.); They reminisced about their youth and chatted god knows what(Ch.); “Cool old man,” muttered Panteley. - What a cool trouble!(Ch.); Look, listen here what not to(M.G.); ... He never hit a finger on a finger, but lived where will god send(Boon.); Kuzma even shrugged his shoulders: god knows what in these steppe heads!(Boon.); He will come god knows what with your games(Paust.); Our grandfather what a bold horror(Paust.); Remained in the buff(Sh.); Headquarters remained as if nothing had happened where he stood(Sim.).
This rule is based on the fact that phraseological units do not form the subordinate part of a complex sentence and are usually equivalent to a sentence member. Yes, combined talk about it wherever he can the last words mean "everywhere". If any of the above and similar phrases is used not as a phraseological unit, then it can form a subordinate part (usually an incomplete sentence) and be separated by commas.
Wed: Colloquial words began to be used where you need and don't need("everywhere"). - Put, where needed missing punctuation marks("where it is needed").
§ 41.2
Expressions with a verb are not separated by a comma want, forming expressions that are integral in meaning: write how you want("write in any way"); whoever wants to commands over him; he is not driven only by those who do not want to; come when you want; take as much as you like; walk with whom you want; Do whatever you want; manage as you wish; write any article you want; drink whatever wine you want; marry whoever you want(But: married whom he wanted; marry whoever he wants ri dismembered meaning of verbs that form the predicate of an incomplete sentence).
You think what you want(L.T.); Doesn't matter, call whoever you want(A.T.); "Do what you want", - answered them dryly Dubrovsky(P.); Let's get the money where he wants and how he wants(Kupr.).
§ 41.3
Inside combinations not that, not that, not that, not otherwise no comma: Here now not that earlier, everything became more interesting; Not really very satisfied, but I can't complain; time spent not so that it's a lot of fun; Note can be typed not otherwise than petite.
Wed in the language of fiction: I him… not that to love not that so as not to love, because somehow ...(T.); Today not that soldier, but I saw the peasants(L.T.); That minute I'm not that scared, but a little shy(Cupr.); Chichikov called the assistant not otherwise than father(G.).
§ 41.4
(not) greater than, (not) less than, (not) earlier than, (not) later than etc., if they do not contain a comparison: The package weighs not more than eight kilograms(cf.: ... no more than eight kilograms); He will return no sooner than In the evening(cf.: ...not before evening); Work can be done less than in an hour; you were for me more than friend; Submit documents no later than tomorrow; overheads turned out to be higher than expected; With your musical ability, you need to think not less than about the conservatory; temperature in the incubator not lower than need to; To the test he more than ready; All this no more than idle dreams; He was more than artist - he was a poet; The calculations turned out more than approximate; Mission accomplished less than one third; This no more than slander; Product output increased more than twice; Shrovetide passed me worse than sadly(Ch.).
But (when there is a comparison or collation): Works no less than others; Suffered from the cold more than hunger; returned earlier than expected; This room higher than the neighboring He will return no later than the circumstances so require; Guests turned out less than expected; More than physical pain he suffered from the thought that he was now disabled(gas.); More than anything else the patient needs rest; Sipyagin was much worried more than his guest(T.).
§ 41.5
The comma is not placed inside combinations it is not known who (what), it is not known which (where, how, where, where, from), it is not clear who (what), it is not clear which (where, how, where, from where, whose), it does not matter who (what), it does not matter which (where , how, where, where, whose), no matter who (what), no matter what (where, how, where, where, whose); came it is not known why; asked me it is not clear what; pass no matter who; accommodate visitors no matter where.
Wed: In the morning the old man saw a short gelding and grieved: without a tail no matter what without a head - look disgusting(A.T.).
§ 41.6
A comma is not placed before a combination of an interrogative-relative pronoun who, what, what etc. or adverbs where, where, from where and others with words whatever And horrible, since in these cases whole expressions are formed with the meaning of a word or phrase: anyone("any"), anything("All"), any("any"), anywhere("everywhere"), anywhere("everywhere"), whenever("Always"), from anywhere("from everywhere") arbitrarily("many"), etc.; whoever("no matter who") haphazardly("no matter how") whatever(“it doesn’t matter which one”), etc. For example: It can do anyone; He left home when, where and for how long(But: I could sing as much as I wanted - with the loss of phraseological integrity); Came and took whatever; dug anywhere.
Wed in the language of fiction: Give me an answer whatever and whenever(T.); I ready to wait as much as you want(T.); ... Everyone lends me as much as you like(G.); This you will find anywhere(Trif.); Grandfather was taken apart by such anger that he stopped ten times and spat with fury anywhere(Cat.); Scolding careless carters who piled firewood anyhow... Grandma began to stack the woodpile(Guide.).
Same for combinations. as much as you like And as much as you like: You can be indignant at people like Bazarov as much as you like, but to recognize their sincerity is absolutely necessary(D.P.); Well guys, warm up now how much will fit(Ver.).
§ 41.7
The comma is not placed inside expressions like there is something to do, there is something to work on, there was something to think about, I will find where to turn, I don’t find what to say, I have something to live on, consisting of a verb be or find (find), stay and interrogative-relative place of a name or adverb (who, what, where, where, when etc.) and the indefinite form of another verb: You have something in the world to forget(L.); There is someone to scold, there is no one to feed(Dal); There is something to like(Pis.); And our intelligentsia has something to love, there is something to respect(M.G.); There is something to think about; Found something to surprise; I couldn't find anything to say; We will have something to trump; Found where to be fashionable; There is a time to chat with you!; There was reason to be despondent; Friends have something to talk about; The guys had a place to spend their free time; We had something to reproach him for.
§ 41.8
Commas do not separate combinations who is neither, what is not, what is not and so on.: You willingly admit that someonenot to eat…personally corrected the symmetry in your physiognomy(S.-SH.); It was the mostwhatever isordinary woman(Er.); ... I'd better see how you work - everythingwhateverexperience(EAT.).
§ 41.9
No comma before conjunction What in expression only and... that, followed by a noun or pronoun: Only money and a nickel in your pocket; Only and only that the shirt is on the body; The only entertainment is that the cinema once a week; Only the light that is in the window; Only talk that about the two of them.
But if the construction containing a complex particle in the first part only and verb do (do, know) and union What, has a verb in the second part, then before What comma put: They are with their grandfather only did that played chess(Success); From nine in the morning to six in the evening only you know that sticking around here(Cupr.); Only does that chatting; Just did that refused; Only knows that goes from corner to corner. The use of a comma in such sentences is explained by the fact that they are complex: the second part with the union What shows that one's activity is limited, and a complex particle only and in the first part indicates this limitation.
The same if the second part is a subordinate part of a complex sentence: The only new thing hares confer on how to drive the eagles away(L.T.).
§ 42. Comparative turnover
§ 42.1
commas comparative turns are distinguished or separated, beginning with unions as if, as if, as if, rather than, exactly that: The wind blew towards as if trying to stop a young criminal(P.); From a height I saw Moscow as an anthill(P.); And the old cat Vaska seemed to be more affectionate towards him, than to anyone in the house(Gonch.); ... And her hair[mermaids] green, what is your cannabis(T.); However, they were more like caricatures. than portraits(T.); By the end of the duck hunt, like goodbye began to rise in flocks(T.); But precisely because Alexandra Gavrilovna gets excited, she loses more often, than husband(S.-SH.); From somewhere it smelled of musty dampness, right out of the cellar(M.-S.); Panteleimon ... sits on the goats, stretching straight ahead, exactly wooden, hands(Ch.); Sometimes you shoot a hare, wound him in the leg, and he screams, like a child(Ch.); The moon rose very crimson and gloomy, definitely sick(Ch.); On the Red Square, as if through the fog of centuries, the outlines of walls and towers are unclear(A.T.); Better late than never(last).
Commas in these cases are not put if the turns are phraseological in nature: What stuck like a bath leaf?(T.); What are you Did you really swallow a fly?(M.-S); As I recall my old concepts, I suddenly as if someone is pouring brew(Sharp); Traitors as if they had sunk into the water (N.N.); Right out of the ground grown stroller on tires(Alt.); One Smolnikov was as if on pins and needles(Copt.). In some sentences, phraseological units act as a predicate, and not as a comparative phrase.
§ 42.2
Comparative turns with the indicated conjunctions are not separated by commas if they are part of the predicate or are closely related to it in meaning: The stars in the dark sky are like sequins scattered over velvet; He looks for life as if through rose-colored glasses; Gulf water like black ink; mighty oak like a warrior in armor; Happy song what a winged bird: carried away far, far away; Into the past we we look as if through a crystal prism; He and I are like brothers; It stands as if rooted to the spot; Lantern lights like lighthouses(for the absence of a dash in these cases, see § 5).
§ 42.3
commas comparative turns are distinguished or separated with the union How in the following cases:
1) if they denote assimilation (How means "like"): Light fingers, like a dream, touched my cheeks he (P.); her mouth, like a rose blush(P.); Broken to dust, escaping, he is careless, like a stupid child(P.); ... And the whole steppe was covered with the fallen, like a swarm of black locusts(P.); Like an unfortunate separation Tatyana grumbles at the stream(P.); The air is clean and fresh like kissing a child(L.); And the sadness at the bottom of the old wound stirred, like a kite(L.); And, like the mute victims of the coffin, they were both careless(L.); Like a desert leopard angry and wild, I burned(L.); Under him, like an ocean blue steppe all around(Cr.); And he saw himself rich, like in a dream(Cr.); At the bottom, like a steel mirror jet lakes turn blue(Tyutch.); And embittered by the battle as if on a fatal attack, again the waves climb with a howl(Tyutch.); … These luminaries like living eyes look at the sleepy world of the earth(Tyutch.); And sweet thrill like a stream ran through the veins of nature(Tyutch.); Here the stars look from the sky, and, like a river illuminate the Milky Way(Fet); Like a seagull the sail there is white in height(Fet); He is surprisingly well-behaved, careful, like a cat(T.); At the very bottom, dry and yellow, like copper huge slabs of clay stone lay(T.); Like a woman you loved your country(N.); Words endlessly stretched out one after another, like thick saliva(S.-SH.); The officer gasped and, curled up, sat down on the ground, like a bird shot in the air(L.T.); She is like a bee knew where to sting him more painfully(L.T.); The old bridge was broken and in its place they made a basement, straight, like a stick embankment(L.T.); I suffered for the dear, kind Ivan Andreevich, like a son(L.T.); His existence is enclosed in this tight program, like an egg in a shell(L.T.); She looked at him like an icon with fear and remorse(L.T.); Tall, black chimneys loomed sullenly and sternly, rising above the settlement, like thick sticks(M.G.); ... We drank grandmother's liqueurs - yellow, like gold dark, like tar and green(M.G.); Just a little something - and I will go to eat, like rusty iron(M.G.); Only the corners of the hall remained motionless, tight, like a pillow with a feather full of guests(M.G.); ... Nikita has girlish eyes, big and blue, how is his shirt(M.G.); Words with us, down to the most important thing, become a habit, decay, like a dress(M.); I through all my life, like a thousand years later brought this memory(Shv.); It attracts a mystery, tempting, like an eternal spring beating from the innermost depths(Fed.); There were many people on the street like a holiday(quiet); Lightning, like ties fly in the wind(Bagr.); And the wife is already at the door and the frying pan, like a gun keeps at the ready(Sh.); And hugged like brothers, father and boy son(TV).
Wed Also: Year, What's up(movie title), - “a year is like life”, and not “a year is life” (cf .: The sky is like a sea where union How the predicate joins); A stately figure loomed like a statue(“loomed like a statue”, and not “loomed like a statue”; see below); Farmers look at us how I don’t know to whom; Friends, like in a dream went outside; Light bulbs hung low, glowing like in fog; On that day Mary like a storm flew into the house; Let's talk like a man with a man; dispose me, as a friend; Every word of his like fire burns; The slander spread like an infection The last word he said how he chopped off; She could not sit idly by, she worked, how a bird sings - the comparison is expressed not by a turnover, but by a whole sentence; He wanted like a child pat her on the head repositive comparative turnover.
Comparative turnover may contain a shade of causal meaning: Wasenda, as a positive and practical person, found unprofitable fixed place(Rem.) (“being a positive person”); She was, as the smaller father's favorite(L.T.) (“because she was smaller”); As a senior I order you, gentlemen, to disperse immediately(Cupr.); He pushed aside that fleeting suspicion as inspired by his suspiciousness; release, as if he didn't get the job done...(compare with the setting of a comma when applied with a union How with a causal connotation of meaning; see § 19, paragraph 7);
2) if there is a demonstrative word in the main part of the sentence (so, such, that, so): The coachman was in the same amazement at his generosity, like the Frenchman himself from Dubrovsky's proposal(P.); Nowhere at a mutual meeting do they bow so nobly and naturally, like on Nevsky Prospekt(G.); His features were the same like my sister(L.T.); Laevsky is unquestionably harmful and just as dangerous to society, like a cholera microbe(Ch.); Everything around is some kind of church, and the oil smells just as strong, like in church(M.G.); ... I will do everything to become such, how is she(Pan.); Rarely do you meet such an interesting person. How is he.
But: Our group passed all tests ahead of schedule, same as parallel - without dismembering a complex union (see § 34, paragraph 1);
3) if the turnover begins with a combination like: To Moscow, like the whole country I feel my sonship, like an old nanny(Paust.); In her eyes as in the whole face, there was something unusual; Children, like the adults must be accustomed to comply with the rules of the hostel; As in last year's competition, athletes of the Russian Federation were ahead;
4) if the turnover is expressed by combinations as a rule, as an exception, as usual, as always, as before, as now, as now, as if on purpose and so on.: I see as it is now, the owner himself(P.); What a shame! How on purpose not a soul! (T.) - in the meaning of the introductory word; She is now slim and thin again, like before(M.G.); The day has begun As always, in thick fog(arr.); I remember like now, this meeting during the expedition; Commas usually, adverbial phrases are distinguished; As an exception, you will be allowed to retake the exam; A dispute flared up about rites in general - are rites permissible, as such, do they harbor superstitions and prejudices(Ver.); To get the job done, you will need least, whole month; Athletes prepare for the Olympics more than ever, tensely;
5) in revolutions none other than And none other than: Front Rhine Falls nothing more than a low water ledge(Bug.); For a moment it even seemed to him that none other than Valko, could give Volodya Osmukhin such a task(F.).
Wed Also: Who, how not he can fulfill your request; He, like no one knows how to help in time.
§ 42.4
Turnovers with union How not separated by commas:
1) if the meaning of the circumstance of the course of action comes to the fore (turns with How can be replaced in these cases by the form of the instrumental case of a noun or an adverb): like hail buckshot rained down(L.) (cf.: sprinkled with hail); like a demon wicked and evil(L.) (cf.: demonically insidious); In anger he like thunder thundered, like steel flashed; Horse like a blizzard flies, like a blizzard in a hurry; Like lightning in the sky they blazed, like fire rain fell from the sky; I looked at her like a fool(T.);
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Note. When analyzing such examples, we proceed from the author's punctuation and try to explain it, which, as you know, is a very complicated matter. So, comparing the above two sentences from the poems of M. Yu. Lermontov with his own phrase She'll slip away like a snake flutter and fade away, like a bird we can assume that in the latter case it was important for the author to create artistic images by, so to speak, pure comparison ( like a snake, like a bird, although the comparison is preserved in combinations slip away like a snake, rush away like a bird, but with an added touch of action). Likewise in verse I look like crazy on a black shawl(P.) the meaning "like a madman" prevails over the meaning "I look like a madman." Therefore, some sentences allow double interpretation and, therefore, double punctuation; compare: He died, like a real hero("like a hero"). - He died like a real hero("died a hero"). |
2) if the main meaning of the turnover is equalization or identification: …You loved meas property, as a source of joys, anxieties and sorrows(L.) (cf.: ... loved me, considering me his property- i.e., identifying me with their property); Try to look at meas a patientobsessed with a disease you still don't know(L.) (cf.: ... equating me with their patients); [Judas] served his stoneas the onlywhat could he give(S.-SH.);
3) if union How has the meaning "as" or turnover with conjunction How characterizes an object from any one side (see § 19, paragraph 7): Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere like a groom(P.); So I advise you like a buddy be careful(L.); I speak like a writer(M.G.); We know India as country of ancient culture; I will keep this letter like a memory; They are talking like strangers; We met like old acquaintances; Buying and selling as a commodity not labor, but labor power; Space explorers settled on dogs as sufficiently highly organized animals; Negotiations were to be made with him. as with an equal side; Peter I did not consider it shameful to work like a simple carpenter; Yuri Gagarin went down in history as the world's first astronaut;
4) if the turnover forms the nominal part of the compound predicate or is closely related in meaning to the predicate (usually in these cases the predicate does not have a complete meaning without a comparative turnover): Marya Ilyinichna sitting on pins and needles(P.); Some are like emerald, others are like coral(Kr.) (see § 5, note); She herself walked like a wild(Gonch.); Like a child in soul I became(T.); “A city is like a city,” Bazarov remarked coolly.(T.); Gamzat left the tent, went to the stirrup of Umma Khan and accepted his like khana(L.T.); Her father and mother like strangers(Good.); Our garden as a passage yard (Ch.); I looked enchanted(Ars.); Tell my were rated as funny or bad jokes(M.G.); All treated to Vanya as your person(Shv.); Poem was spoken as a confession(Fed.); splashes and waves were like in life(Fed.); I speak of the poet Nikolai Tikhonov as the happiest writer's fate(Fed.); Like the sun she(Safe.); He talked about the usual things like something extraordinarily interesting(Paust.); Prishvin thought About Me how about a poet "crucified on the cross of prose"(Paust.); At the local market like in any market; He was sitting thunderstruck; All as in the pictures: and mountains, and forest, and water; Feel yourself like at home; These words he spoke like a well-mannered person; Everything is as usual, only the clock became; Forehead was like white marble; Our view was like the latter robbers; Everything is like with people; They have cattle like ants in an anthill; Girl's hair like straw; This sound was like an alarm clock; His whole life is like a light holiday; You have a douche like a hare; At war like in a war; She told him like a mother; In his best works, the writer appears as creator deeply realistic pictures of reality; clouds like lead; A few years later our village will be like a city; You boil this fish, and it become like butter; dry, and become like a stone; Dress became like a rag; Everyone understood this remark as an objection; They were worried neighbor's death How personal grief; He was spoken of as an honest man; She behaved like a hostess; He lives with a bandage over his eyes; To underground fires people always treated like to the terrible enemy; Play written as a comedy;
Him right away accepted as one's own; Readers perceive his books like a textbook life; He looked like a sick person; Actor remained in theater history like a great artist; Beasts in fables behave like people; This melody was created by Glinka, but she perceived as truly folk; I accept your feedback as a sign of approval; Opinion this is regarded as a hypothesis; About "A Hero of Our Time" Lermontov Belinsky spoke like a novel; He was treated like an uninvited guest; I follow them how I go after children; Many appearances look like self-reports; life credibility enters as an indispensable element in artistic truth; This is a memory lies on me like a stone; leave All as it is; The best thing keep as it was; We will accept data as such.
Other examples: feel like in your own element; behaves like an insane person; understand as a hint; take it as a compliment recognize as a danger; greet as a friend; look like a child evaluate as an achievement; be treated as an exception; take for granted; present as a fait accompli; qualify as a violation of the law; mark as a great success; interest as a novelty; put forward as a project; substantiate as a theory; develop as a tradition express as a guess; be interpreted as a refusal; define as a special case; characterize as a type; stand out as a talent; issue as an official document; sound like a call; enter as an integral part; appear as a representative; feel like a foreign body; exist as an independent organization; arise as something unforeseen; develop as a progressive beginning; perform as an urgent task; to comprehend as something new; develop as an artist and so on.;
5) if the comparative turnover is preceded by negation Not or words quite, absolutely, almost, almost, exactly, exactly, just, exactly and so on.: I brought up in myself this sense of celebration not as a rest and just a means for further struggle, but as a desired goal(Shv.); [Andrei Bely] devoted himself to the language precisely like a shaman self-excited(Fed.); It was light, almost as in the day; Children sometimes argue like adults; The girl's hair is curly like a mother;
6) if the turnover has the character of a stable combination: The deer ran a little and stoppedrooted to the spot(Ars.); Leolike a mountain off my shoulders(Cr.); Rogue manhow did you pick the sticky(Cr.); And after a few weekslike a bolt from the bluenews spread...(Versh.); With her husband, with the deceased,like a stone walllived, did not enter into anything(Sharp); The rain was pouringlike a bucket(S.-SH.); I ask you to stop these ridiculous classes in English, which he has become accustomed to.like a cow saddle(Laurel); The young spouses were happy, and their life flowedlike clockwork(Ch.); [organ grinder] works for human pleasurelike a running car(Dost.); I need your confessionlike a dog's fifth leg(Sh.); After all, she lived with a paramediclike a cat with a dog(Ch.); A fool will falllike chickens in cabbage soup,mark my word(Wirta); You are writinglike a chicken paw(M.-S.); Loosening will help himlike a dead poultice(Nick.); Will go. They didn't break them off like that.How cutewill go(Arb.); And he would have some kind of past - after all, everyone knows himas flaky(F.); It's a pity there's not enough time - ten days will fly bylike one minute(Sayan.); Like an aspen leafAlena Dmitrievna shook(Bel.); What are you worthhow is the stump?(Laurel); Nothing to do, I had to spend two nights on the ship; when he went back to Khabarovka, I found myselflike a broke cancer(Ch.); A guy will enter the compartment, stretch the furs of an accordion or a three-row, and all the worrieshow to remove by hand(Sol.); …Old bookslike the back of your handknew(M.-P.); Our brother is therelike a herring in a barrel(G.-M.); Shut up your fountain of eloquence and don't lielike a gray gelding(Mill.); Aunt with all my heart would tear melike Sidorov's goat...(Ch.); You run away from melike hell from incense(Bab.).
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Notes: 1. The comma in these cases is usually absent if the comparative turnover acts as a predicate. When it comes to comparative turnover, then under the same conditions comma may or may not be. Wed: The evening was The same like every other evening(L.T.). - From both sides of the street, the curtained windows of houses, similar to each other, looked at Matvey. The same(Kor.); Tallow candles... cherished like the apple of an eye(S.-SH.). - Necessary, like the apple of an eye, keep the memory of the best people of their country; In the third battalion, a direct hit in the trench. Eleven people at once like a cow licked it with its tongue(Sim.). - ... In the yards, under the barn everything is clean, like a cow licked it with its tongue(Ser.); From here, the entire vast territory of the port was usually visible in full view(Cat.). - From the top all the surroundings were visible, in full view(Closed); ... Then together with you we would play life as per notes(M.G.). - The plan worked out by the commander ... was played out that day, as per notes(Floor.); ... He assumed that it was enough to return home, change his overcoat to a zipun, and everything would be fine as written(Sh.). - The hostess will tell you in detail and without any omissions, as written, the history of all the prosperity around you(Success); What troubles did not happen to him! Twice they pulled out of the hole, but he was all like water off a duck's back(Sharp). - This, brother, is such a person: to another, like water off a duck's back, and he takes everything to heart(Ert.) (better without a comma); Behind such a sergeant major, the company commander like Christ in the bosom(Bryk.). - B thank the Almighty that you are sitting by the swamp, like Christ bosom(Sh.). 2. The question of punctuation in comparative turns, in particular, in comparisons of an idiomatic nature, cannot be resolved in isolation from the nature of the turns themselves (comparisons of a general language type or artistic comparisons, sometimes individually authored), the composition of stable combinations, as it is presented in explanatory and phraseological dictionaries, etc. |
Here is a list of the most common stable combinations with the union How(according to dictionaries and observations on texts of different genres): white as a harrier (like paper, like chalk, like a canvas, like snow); cherish like the apple of an eye; pale as death; shines like a mirror; the disease vanished as if by hand; be afraid like fire; wanders like a restless; rushed like crazy; mumbling like a sexton; ran in like crazy; spinning like a squirrel in a wheel; visible as in the palm of your hand; I see as in the daytime; squeals like a pig; hangs like a whip; hangs around the neck like a millstone; everything is like a selection; jumped up as if scalded (as whipped, as stung); stupid as a cork; goal like a falcon; hungry as wolf; dirty as a pig; as far as heaven from earth; trembled as if in a fever; trembles like an aspen leaf; wait like manna from heaven; tenacious like a cat; fell asleep like the dead; froze as inanimate; healthy as an ox; angry like a dog; have at one's fingertips; rolled like cheese in butter; sways like a drunk; handsome as god(but before own name: handsome as Apollo; compare: fast like Ajax; wise as Solomon; strong like Hercules and so on.); red like cancer (like blood); strong as an oak; screams like a catechumen; light as a feather; flies like an arrow; sticky as pitch; burst like a soap bubble; to beat like Sidorov's goat; bald as a knee; it's raining cats and dogs; waves his arms like a windmill; slow like a turtle; rushes about like mad (like a wild beast); wet as a mouse; silent like a fish; gloomy as a cloud; people like herring in a barrel; not see how their ears; dumb as a grave; clumsy as an elephant; clumsy as a bear; worn like crazy; needed like air; one as a finger; remained as a cancer on the rocks; stopped dead in his tracks; razor sharp (like a knife); as different as heaven from earth; turned pale as a sheet; wandered like a beaten dog; repeated as if in delirium; you will go like a little one; remember your name; hit like a butt on the head; fluttered like a moth; went to the bottom like a stone; devoted like a dog; stuck like a bath leaf; swept like a hurricane; disappeared as if he had sunk into the water; timid as a chamois; blazed like fire; worked like a damn; melted like snow; grow like mushrooms after rain; fell like snow on his head; fresh as a cucumber; sat on pins and needles (as chained, as on coals); sweet as honey; blind as a mole; listened as spellbound; looked spellbound; slept like the dead; stands like a stump; slender as a Lebanese cedar; hard like granite (like a stone); dark as night; thick as a barrel; skinny as a skeleton; cowardly as a hare; stubborn like a ram; stubborn as a donkey; tired like a dog; cunning like a fox; gushing like a bucket; walks as if plunged into water; cold as ice; black as soot (like a chimney sweep, like hell); feel at home; staggered like a drunk; went as if to an execution; hissing like a snake; clear as daylight etc. See: Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, Ed. A. I. Molotkova. M., 1967 (corresponding dictionary entries). See also: Makarov M. M. Phraseological turnover and punctuation, Rus. language at school. 1976. No. 1.
