Any science can be interesting if it is taught with better side. For example, how do you explain to students what geographic features are? Most likely, students will not be interested in hearing the phrase itself. Geographical features are everything that exists in the surrounding world: rivers and seas, cities and villages, mountains and valleys, deserts and jungles.

Geographic feature. What's this?

In geography, this is one of the most interesting and simple topics. Why? You do not need to memorize any terminology, it is enough to understand what can be meant by this phrase. And there are many examples.

Any student can name their favorite places - geographical objects. He can give even the most common examples. Did you remember fishing on the Oka River or a walk in the reserve this summer? This means that the objects will be the Oka River and the reserve.

Mother Russia, you are the most beautiful!

At all times, our country was considered one of the most beautiful. Today, many geographical objects of Russia are a reason for admiration for both their compatriots and tourists. To make it easier to understand, you can give examples in order. It is more logical to start with the main cities of the country.

The capital of Russia is the city of Moscow. A huge metropolis in which there are many amazing places: the Moscow metro (considered one of the largest in the world), the Tretyakov Gallery, the Kremlin, Sparrow Hills, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. There are also quite a lot of attractions in the Moscow region. Geographical objects can be called any cities, towns, villages.

St. Petersburg is the second capital. It is famous for its location almost on the island that surrounds the Gulf of Finland. The surroundings of the city delight the eye not only with man-made objects, but also with nature and sea air.

By the way, the Gulf of Finland, Kronstadt (city district of St. Petersburg) are also geographical objects. Numerous examples can be cited: the monument to Peter the Great, the Aurora cruiser, the Seaport, and so on.

Earth objects on the territory of the Russian Federation

Natural geographic features are any rivers, lakes, forests, mountains, steppes, even caves and mines.

Reservoirs. The Volga and Lena rivers, Lake Baikal, the Black and Barents Seas, the Arctic Ocean, the holy spring of Seraphim of Sarov, reservoirs, waterfalls, springs. There are a lot of rivers and lakes in Russia, which not only provide water for the needs of people, but also delight with beautiful places. Many people come to fish, relax, swim. It is impossible to live without reservoirs.

Mountains, plains, forests. Siberia is what is untouched. Thanks to the fierce climate, nature has remained almost unchanged. The objects in the eastern part of Russia are considered to be the tundra and taiga. It is also worth recalling the stunning mountains in the Altai Territory.

Above were the famous and largest geographical objects of Russia. You can list them ad infinitum.

Exotic countries

Every country has its attractions. Do not repeat about that, It will already be superfluous. Below are just the most interesting places on the planet.

Egypt. Who does not know about the pyramids in Luxor (near the capital of Egypt, Cairo)? And all the students from the 7th grade know about the Sahara Desert. The great river Nile, which is the only source drinking water for a dry country.

Poland, Austria, Hungary, Scotland and other European countries. Not only geographical, but also cultural and historical objects can be called Gothic buildings, entire cities that retain the atmosphere of the Middle Ages to this day.

Australia. A very distant country located in the southern hemisphere. The main geographical features of Australia are the capital Sydney and two oceans: the Pacific and the Indian.

India, China, Vietnam, Thailand. These countries are famous for the fact that the inhabitants of the states are Buddhists. A lot of objects are connected with faith: Mecca, Nepal. Hindus build monasteries in the mountains. These are also geographical objects, since tourists and lovers of oriental knowledge often consider such places to be sights, objects of visit.

Is it worth listing other countries to give a lot of examples? You can find any information about all objects.

Unusual places and information about them

On Earth, there are several amazing places that nature itself has created. Man can only wonder. Below will be given information about a geographical object that remains a mystery to everyone.

Bermuda Triangle. mysterious object located in one of the districts Atlantic Ocean. Puerto Rico and Florida are geographic features that are essentially the vertices of a triangle. Yes, the same famous bermuda triangle! In this zone there are unexplained phenomena: disappear vehicles and people. It doesn't matter if an object is moving in air or water, it will disappear anyway. It is still a mystery how this happens.

There are other amazing places on the planet.

Afar basin. This geographical feature of the Earth is the hottest place. Some people call hell on our planet. There is a basin between Ethiopia (Afar region) and Eritrea.

The climate here is the hottest and driest. At the bottom of the basin, lava can be seen that can melt the stones that come across it on the way. It is risky for tourists and residents to be in such a place.

Pamukkale in Turkey. In the southwest of Turkey in the province of Denizli, there is an amazing place - these are "cotton castles". The water flowing down from the tops of the mountain forms beautiful walls and bowls thanks to the limestone. Tourists, having visited this amazing place once in a lifetime, remember it for a lifetime.

There are still a lot of unusual places on Earth, not only of an anomalous nature, but also simply very beautiful.

Location of objects

There is such a thing as an object. What does it mean? Modern smartphones and navigators, as well as google maps are equipped with the function of entering the coordinates of the destination. Enter degrees, minutes, seconds.

In geography lessons at school in grade 7, students are introduced to the concepts of latitude and longitude. They must have a starting point. Greenwich is considered - longitude starts from it. Increasing towards the east.

Latitude starts at the equator, that is, where the middle of the Earth is located between the South and North Poles. from the equator to North Pole- degrees with a positive value, and from the equator to the South - with a negative value.

But one degree will not be enough. The planet is huge, and the desired geographical object (destination point) is most likely very small, so additional values \u200b\u200bare introduced - minutes and seconds.

Objects of our planet

As mentioned above, any place on the planet can be considered geographical objects. But it is not mentioned that invisible objects can also be attributed to this topic. What exactly? For example, in the ocean there is a whole or underwater caves. Or maybe someone knows about underground ant cities? They are also geographic features. These are just a few examples. Pupils can only think on their own on this topic and name those objects that have not yet been mentioned in the article.

I love hiking. And how wonderful it is that I live in such a rich geographic features region as Nizhny Novgorod Region. Everything is here: big rivers and clear lakes, impenetrable forests and vast fields, treacherous swamps and steep hills. The edge is at the junction natural areas and includes the following components from south to north: south-taiga, mixed, broadleaf forests and forest steppe.

Geographical features of the Nizhny Novgorod region

A huge number of tourists visit our region in order to see all its beauty. But I would single out three main ones among them. They will be discussed.

Volga river

The main geographical feature of the Nizhny Novgorod region, of course, is the Volga River. She is flows throughout the region and divides it into two parts. Moreover, these parts differ among themselves in vegetation, relief and climate:

Kerzhensky Reserve

Another of the most famous places in the region is considered "Kerzhensky Reserve" included in the international network UNESCO. On its territory there is a huge number of species of birds, animals, insects and plants, many of which are listed in the Red Book. The reserve is located on the banks of the river Kerzhenets, left tributary Volga, close to the village Rustai.

Gorky reservoir

by the most beloved resting place Nizhny Novgorod in the summer can be called the "Gorky Reservoir". It spread over an area around 1600 square kilometers, and in the widest part reaches 16 kilometers. Due to its size, the reservoir is also called the "Gorky Sea", although it is located at the junction of such areas as:

Nizhny Novgorod:
Ivanovskaya:
Kostroma:
Yaroslavskaya.

Reservoir formed hydroelectric dam and is navigable. It is home to a large number of fish species, so you can always see fishing enthusiasts on its shores.

Geography has always been easy for me, and even studying it in depth at the institute, I literally "grasped everything on the fly." concept "geographic feature" includes quite a lot, so I will try to classify them and, in fact, explain what it is.

What does the term "geographical object" mean?

Geography is a science that studies our planet as the environment in which mankind arose and developed. The surface of the planet is quite familiar: we live on it, we farm and we travel. It is absolutely senseless to deny that this surface is very diverse, and in places it is completely surprising. It contains an innumerable variety of plots - elements: lakes, oceans, forests and so on. Give a special look to our planet and man-made elements - cities, highways and more. The totality of all elements is called geographical objects, and science, studying them, answers a number of questions:

what is the object;
Where it is located;
what does he look like.

Definition object location very important, because it depends on how it looks and what properties it has. For example, human habitation in the northern regions differs from the habitation of the southern regions.

Another extremely important characteristic - the image of the object. Some of them have such a vivid image that they are remembered literally at first sight. For example, the Eiffel Tower, Mount Everest or Pyramids of Egypt. However, one impression is not enough, and therefore all objects are carefully described with an indication characteristic properties. Rivers differ in depth and width, and mountains in height and inclination of slopes.

Toponyms

This term isobject identifier, and the corresponding science - toponymy, studies the semantic origin and meaning geographical names. It should be noted that this science belongs to integral disciplines that are, as it were, at the junction of many sciences, and are used in various fields. In simple terms, toponyms - familiar names to us oceans, cities, forests, mountains, plains and so on. Even the name of the street is also a toponym. In fact, there is no unified classification, but there is a classification of toponyms according to several criteria:

by type of designated object;
on linguistic feature;
on historical significance;
by the structure of the object;
by area occupied.

The main purpose of any name geographical feature- its fixation at a certain point on the surface of the Earth.

Official terminology

GEOGRAPHICAL OBJECTS- existing or existed relatively stable, holistic formations of the Earth characterized by a certain location: continents, oceans, seas, bays, straits, islands, mountains, rivers, lakes, glaciers, deserts and others natural objects;… … Glossary of concepts and terms formulated in normative documents Russian legislation

In honor of the great Russian commander A. V. Suvorov, various geographical objects are named in various countries. Contents 1 Physical geographical objects 2 Settlements ... Wikipedia

- ... Wikipedia

Dzerzhinsk railway station (Nizhny Novgorod region) ... Wikipedia

Various objects are named in honor of the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov. Contents 1 Physical geographical objects 2 Settlements ... Wikipedia

Objects named after L. M. Kaganovich In honor of Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich, as well as in honor of many other Soviet figures of the era of the cult of personality, many objects were named. Contents 1 Place names, settlements ... Wikipedia

Copyright objects- according to the law of the Russian Federation On author. law and related rights among such objects, ed. protected by law, include: 1) lit. works (including computer programs); 2) dramatic and musical dramatic works, scenario works; 3)… … Publishing Dictionary

Finding new geographical objects or geographic patterns. On the early stages The development of geography was dominated by discoveries associated with new geographical objects. A particularly important role belonged to the discoveries of the unknown ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

In honor of Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich, as well as in honor of many other Soviet figures of the era of the cult of personality, many objects were named. Contents 1 Place names, settlements ... Wikipedia

Books

Arctic Encyclopedia. Geographical objects, Collective of authors, "Arctic Encyclopedia" - a universal collection of information on the Arctic, the North of Russia and neighbors in the Arctic region. More than 4000 articles contain materials and information about northern… Category: Encyclopedias Series: Arctic Encyclopedia Publisher: Paulsen, electronic book (fb2, fb3, epub, mobi, pdf, html, pdb, lit, doc, rtf, txt)
Geography. Continents, oceans, peoples and countries. 7th grade. Atlas. GEF, Dushina I.V. , Atlas is intended for students of the 7th grade of general education educational institutions. The atlas reflects the topics of the course: travel, geographical research, the population of the Earth and its economic ... Category: Atlases and contour maps Series: Atlases, contour maps Publisher: Ventana-Graf,
History grades 10-11 A short guide for a student to prepare for the exam Effective preparation Universal materials Dates and events Terms and geographical objects,

Education

What is a geographic feature? Geographical objects: names

May 11, 2017

What is a geographic feature? Is it possible to consider as such a detached mountain, sea port or Big City? What about an entire continent? Let's try to deal with this issue in our article.

What is a geographic feature: definition and examples

Geography is the science that studies the earth's surface and everything on it. And a lot of things are located there: rivers and lakes, mountains and seas, agricultural lands and rocky canyons, cities and tiny villages ... It is these objects that give a unique, inimitable look to our planet.

So what is a geographic feature? This is a real and relatively stable element earth's surface. All geographic objects are distinguished by integrity, specific location and have their own boundaries. At the same time, their genesis (origin) can be very diverse.

The science of geography, studying all these objects, first of all, is obliged to answer two main questions:

Where is the object located?
What does he look like?

The image of this or that geographical object is very important. In some of them, it is extremely brightly formed. For example, at the mention of the Roman Colosseum or the famous Egyptian pyramids, the corresponding “picture” immediately appears in the head.

Varieties of geographical objects

Based on the origin, all geographical objects can be divided into two large groups:

Natural (seas, oceans, mountain ranges, lakes, caves, forests, rocks, springs, etc.).
Anthropogenic or man-made (countries, cities, villages, industrial enterprises, monasteries, parks, ports, railway stations, etc.).

It is customary to describe any geographical object carefully and in detail, determining its characteristic properties, as well as measuring its parameters. For example, for mountain peaks, their height is determined, for rivers, their length, for airports, passenger traffic, etc.

What is a geographic feature? One more definition can be given - simple, but quite accurate. Geographic features are anything that can be labeled on geographical maps and site plans. How can I do that?

Geographical objects on the map

Various objects on maps and plans are displayed using special conventional signs. This is a system of specially designed graphic symbols and figures, which allows you to give a qualitative and quantitative description of certain objects or phenomena.

All cartographic symbols are divided into four types:

large-scale or areal (contours of lakes, forests, fields, etc.);
non-scale or point (power plants, mineral springs, Orthodox churches, etc.);
linear (rivers, canals, highways, territory boundaries, etc.);
explanatory (various verbal and numerical inscriptions).

The relief on geographical maps is depicted using horizontal lines - thin brown lines connecting points of the earth's surface with the same height. Arrows and special traffic signs show various natural or socio-economic phenomena, for example, the directions of maritime transport.

Names of geographical objects

Each such object has its own "name". And, as a rule, it is not accidental. The name of a geographical feature is usually associated with its features, location, or history.

The study of the origin, meaning and development (change) of place names is a separate science - toponymy. This scientific discipline located at the intersection of geography, history and linguistics. The correct name of a geographical feature is extremely important for cartographers.

There are a huge number of types of geographical names: hydronyms (names of rivers and lakes), oikonyms (names settlements), oronyms (names of landforms), godonyms (street names), etc.

Source: fb.ru

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