international day mother tongue
Target: to acquaint children with a little-known holiday - International Mother Language Day, to form a caring attitude towards both their native and other languages, pride in their native Russian language, a sense of belonging to their ancestors, people, culture, cultivate patriotism, tolerance, develop children's speech, memory , thinking, oratory, to reveal the talents of children.
Preparatory work:selection of information by 4th grade students about the life of Russians, Bashkirs, selection of photographs for presentation. Organization of an exhibition of folk crafts. Learning the scene (Appendix 1). Decoration of the hall with sayings famous people about the Russian language (Appendix 2).
Event progress
1. Today we will talk about language as a means of communication. It is no coincidence that February 21 is International Mother Language Day! It was established in 1999.
2. On International Mother Language Day, all languages are recognized as equal because each of them uniquely fulfills the purpose of the person and each represents a living heritage that we should protect.
3. I love my mother tongue!
It is clear to everyone
He is melodious
He, like the Russian people, is many-sided,
As our power, mighty ...
4. He is the language of the moon and planets,
Our satellites and rockets
On the board
round table
Speak it:
unambiguous and direct,
It is like the truth itself.
5. International Mother Language Day is primarily aimed at protecting languages that are disappearing. And this task is important, because nowadays two languages disappear in the world every month.
6. On International Mother Language Day, all languages are recognized as equal because each of them is unique. In Russia, one official language is Russian. AT Chelyabinsk region native speakers of different languages.
7. It is no coincidence that today we appeared before you in Russian folk costumes. We are representatives of this nationality. It is important to remember that
Russia is a multinational state, on whose territory more than 180 peoples live, the importance of this fact is reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Russia is a mono-ethnic state, since more than 67% of its population is of one nationality, while in official UN documents Russia is a multinational state. Let's remember what a national culture is.
8. National culture- this is the national memory of the people, what distinguishes this people among others, keeps a person from depersonalization, allows him to feel the connection of times and generations, receive spiritual support and life support.
9. "Tradition", "custom", "rite"- essential elements cultures of each nation, these words are familiar to everyone, evoke certain associations in memory and are usually associated with memories of that “gone Russia”. The inestimable value of traditions, customs and rituals is that they sacredly preserve and reproduce the spiritual image of this or that people, its unique features, bring into our life all the best of the spiritual heritage of the people. Thanks to traditions, customs and rituals, the peoples most of all differ from one another.
10. Each nation has its own costume. You can see the features of the Russian folk costume on us, they are also presented on the slide. And do you know thatBast shoes are one of the most ancient types of shoes. Bast shoes were woven from the bast of various trees, mainly linden.
11. Russians, like other peoples, have their own traditional holidays. Such asholy weeks, carnival, Easter, Gatherings (supredki), which were held in the autumn-winter period, Gatherings (round dances, streets), which is presented as a summer entertainment for young people on the outskirts of the village, on the banks of the river or near the forest.
12. Russian hospitality– also an integral part of our cultural traditions. Guests were also always welcome, shared with them the last piece. No wonder they said: “What is in the oven - swords on the table!” Guests were greeted with bread and salt. With the words: "Welcome!" The guest breaks off a small piece of bread, dips it in salt and eats.
We welcome dear guests
Lush round loaf.
He is on a painted saucer
With a snow-white towel!
We bring you a loaf
Bow down, please taste!
13. Do you know, Not a single house in Russia could do without folk amulets. The Russian people believed that amulets reliably protect against diseases, the "evil eye", natural disasters and various misfortunes, to protect the house and its inhabitants from evil spirits, diseases, to attract the brownie and appease him. Going on a long journey, a person took a talisman with him so that the goodness and love invested in him would warm his soul and remind him of his home and family.
14. Russian folk doll is a historical particle of the culture of the peoples of Russia. The doll, as a game image, symbolizes a person, his era, the history of the culture of peoples (Russian rituals and customs). Rag dolls were made in folk traditions using ancient techniques and technologies. Since ancient times, a folk doll has been made from twigs and patches, dry grass. Dolls symbolized everything secret and magical that is in the human soul.
This is only a small part of the customs and traditions of the Russian people. Only one hundredth part of Russian culture is presented at our small exhibition.
Guys, do you know how many nationalities live in the Chelyabinsk region? The slide shows the data of the 2010 census, the table shows ... ..
Our institution cannot be called one-national, since children of such nationalities as Tatars, Uzbeks and Bashkirs are studying in the institution together with you. And today we would like to present a short story about the culture of the Bashkirs. And help me with this (invited guest)
Acquaintance with the culture of the Bashkirs.
15. Guys, today you clearly saw representatives of two nationalities.Each nation has its own unique culture, history, traditions, way of life. And, of course, the language. Preserving it is a very important task.
And in order to save your language, you need to speak and write it correctly."To write well, one must know one's native language well." (Maksim Gorky). See what ignorance of the simplest rules can lead to.
A scene about an orange, a ring and a pine. (Attachment 1)
16. Just as it is impossible to imagine the earth without a sower, life without bread, a person without a homeland, so it is impossible to imagine any language without proverbs and sayings.
Game collect the proverb.
Proverbs. On the slide "Collect proverbs"
Think first, then speak.
Do not be brave with words, but show with deeds.
Talk less - do more.
The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you will not catch it.
To speak without thinking, to shoot without aiming.
The people have speech as an ally,
He poured his soul into her
In the heart, as if in a forge,
He forged all the words.
17. Love your native language, respect traditions. After all, respect and recognition of all languages is one of the main conditions for maintaining peace on the planet. All languages are unique in their own way. They have those words, expressions and phrases that exactly reflect the customs and mentality of the people. Like our names, we learn and acquire our native language in deep childhood from the mouth of our mother. It shapes our perception of life and consciousness, imbues it with national culture and customs.
18. Mother tongue!
He has known me since childhood
On it for the first time I said "mom",
On it I swore allegiance to the stubborn,
And every breath is clear to me on it.
19. Mother tongue!
He is dear to me, he is mine,
On it the winds whistle in the foothills,
It was the first time I heard
Birds babble to me in green spring...
20. So our event dedicated to international day native language. Love Russian! It is our past, present and future!
Attachment 1
Scene "Words-rings".
Sad, sleepy, unhappy
Zhenya our came from school.
(Student enters with satchel)
Sat at the table. Razok yawned.
And fell asleep over the books.
Here are three words
“ORANGE”, “PINE”, “RING”.
(Three girls enter. They hold drawings in their hands: an orange, a pine, a ring.)
Together.
What have you Zhenya done to us?
We complain to mom!
Orange.
I'm not some kind of "OPLSYN"!
Ring (crying).
I am not a “CRIPLE”!
I'm outraged to tears!
Pine.
Can only be done from sleep
Write that I am “SASNA”!
Orange.
We words are offended
By being so distorted!
Zhenya! Zhenya! Stop being lazy!
So study, no good!
Ringlet.
Impossible without attention
Get an education.
It will be late! So know:
Become an ignoramus lazy!
Pine.
If you ever again
You will cripple, boy, us -
We will do cool things with you:
We value our honor
Name Zhenya in half a minute
Let's turn it into a hedgehog.
Together.
You will be a prickly hedgehog!
This is how we teach you!
Zhenya shuddered, horrified,
Stretched and woke up.
Suppressed a yawn
Got to work.
Appendix 2
Statements about the Russian language:
"Language is the history of the people. Language is the path to the civilization of culture: that is why the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation from nothing to do, but an urgent need." (Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin)
"To write well, one must know one's native language well." (Maksim Gorky)
"The Russian people created the Russian language - bright, like a rainbow after a spring shower, accurate as arrows, melodious and rich, sincere, like a song over a cradle: What is the Motherland? This is the whole people. This is its culture, its language. (Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy )
"Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this state passed on to us by our predecessors. Treat this powerful tool with respect: in the hands of the skilled, it is able to perform miracles!" (Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev)
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Slides captions:
International Mother Language Day February 21 1 It was established in 1999 by the decision of the 30th session of the General Conference of UNESCO. Celebrated since 2000.
Native Language Day is a holiday that began to be celebrated not so long ago. On this day, everyone should think about their attitude to their native language, whether we clog it with unnecessary words, whether we speak correctly. And on this day, we must remember how many languages there are on earth, and each one must be valued. After all, the language is the culture of the people. Getting to know other languages helps to understand how interesting and diverse the world is.
Photo: Ivaylo Sarayski/Rusmediabank.ru
There are many holidays in the world that do not gather families and friends at the table, do not cause stormy feasts and toasts, but by their very existence they remind of something important. It is to this category that today's date can be attributed - on February 21, Mother Language Day is celebrated all over the world. And it's true: the date is significant and makes you wonder - what is my native language? We invite you to learn more about the history of this holiday, as well as learn a few interesting facts about the language that unites the readers of MyJane - Russian.How did Mother Tongue Day come about?
It turns out that this date appeared on the calendar quite recently - in 2000, after the announcement of the corresponding decision by UNESCO. It was not chosen by chance and, unfortunately, recalls very unhappy events: on February 21, 1952, in Dhaka (today it is the capital of Bangladesh), young people died from police bullets - students who went to a rally to protect the Bengali language, which was their native language. The youth demanded that the authorities recognize Bengali as one of the state languages.
What is the uniqueness of the native language? The fact that it is he who leaves an indelible imprint on the understanding of the world by man - and this will always be felt, even if he decides to learn other languages. The native language gives a person a special vision of things and circumstances. That is why the study of other languages is so enriching - we learn to see (although not to the same extent as native speakers) how they look at the world representatives of another country.
How is Mother Language Day celebrated?
Every year, UNESCO proposes to celebrate this date from new theme. Yes, in different time February 21 was dedicated to Braille and sign language, the connection between the native language and multilingualism, the protection of the intangible heritage that language is, and others. How to join this date? At least by reading this article, and perhaps someone will want to deepen their knowledge of linguistics, philology, or study new things. In any case, to celebrate this date, it is worth learning to be tolerant and respectful of people who speak other languages, even those that are rare and unpopular in their homeland.
Incidentally, the problem of the disappearance of some of them is quite acute. So, there is a division of languages depending on the level of the threat of extinction - according to it, languages \u200b\u200bare distributed into 6 categories, starting with those that are not threatened with death, and ending with extinct dialects. So, in the group of “safe” (those where they are spoken by all generations and their transmission is not disturbed in any way), experts included English, French, German, Spanish, and Russian. The group of “vulnerable” (such languages are spoken infrequently or only at home) included Belarusian, Chuvash, Latgalian, Adyghe, Yiddish, etc. We will not list all of them, we will only say that there are languages that are on the verge of extinction - when the native adverbs are spoken only by old people, and even then infrequently. These languages include Orok (the language of a small people of the Far North, Siberia and Far East), Vodsky (belongs to the Vod people from the Leningrad region), Tofalar (its carriers are representatives of the Turkic people living in Irkutsk region), etc. The number of speakers in these languages is no more than ... 100 people - it is not surprising if you see their names for the first time.
Interesting facts about the Russian language
Russian is in the top ten according to many criteria: for example, it is the 2nd most popular language on the Internet (according to 2013 data); 4th among the most translated languages; 5th in the world in terms of the number of speakers; 7th among the languages into which most books are translated; 8th in the number of people who own it as a native.
In total, 260 million people speak Russian. Moreover, this number has more than doubled over the past 110 years: in 1900, there were “only” 105 million Russian speakers.
And finally, let's unwind a little: did you know that in Russian there are words for the letter Y, and there are several of them? These are the names of cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Ylymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-Kyuyol.
There are many words in Russian that start with the letter Y - and this is not only iodine and yoga. There are 74 of them!
In “great and mighty” there are words with 3 letters “e” in a row: this is “long-necked” (and other “-necks”, “short-necked”, etc.) and “serpent-eater”.
To master the difficult-to-pronounce phrase "I love you," English speakers use the mnemonic "Yellow-blue bus."
Oh, those complicated words "dress" and "put on"! They are always confused! Meanwhile, there is a rather simple mnemonic rule: "They put on Hope, but put on clothes." It is noteworthy that Nadya, who works as a Russian language teacher at school, from “The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath” drops with an error: “My
Each of the peoples has its own unique and inimitable language, which meets the destiny of man and carries a whole heritage. The inhabitants of this or that state have their own character traits, traditions, culture, and language is their direct reflection. It conveys the whole identity of the people, so the native language is a subject for real pride. Mother tongue day is a very important and necessary holiday.
background
Like any celebration, this one has its own historical background. His celebration was made possible by the events that took place in 1952 in Pakistan. Those from the University of Dhaka took part in a demonstration against the Urdu language. The majority spoke the Bengali dialect, so it was this language that the protesters demanded to recognize as the state language. However, they not only did not listen to them, but also began to shoot. As a result, four student activists were killed. After the death of these and other residents of Pakistan, as well as a series of unrest and liberation movements, Bengali was declared the official language in the country. The struggle for the right to use the manner of communication familiar from childhood was crowned with success. Subsequently, on the initiative (recognized in 1971 independent state), the UNESCO organization proclaimed the date of February 21 as International Mother Language Day, which has been celebrated annually around the world for 14 years.
How this day is celebrated in different countries
Mother tongue day is not in vain recognized as international. It is celebrated in many states. In some of them, the people adhere to certain orders and traditions in celebrating, in others - every time everything goes according to a completely new plan. Let's take a look at a few of these countries that come to mind first.
Bangladesh
I really want to touch on this particular country, because here the day of the native language is considered a national holiday, since the anniversary of February 21 became a turning point in the fate of people and in the history of the whole country. As a rule, the inhabitants of Bengal on this day arrange a festive procession, lay flowers in memory of the martyrs in Dhaka (to the Shahid Minar monument), sing patriotic songs. A cultural program, festive dinners, and prizes are awarded at the city's venues. There is also a special ritual associated with this great day for the Bengalis. They buy special glass bracelets for themselves and their relatives, thereby emphasizing their attachment to their native language and paying tribute to the national traditions and history of their country.
International Mother Language Day in Bangladesh is a special holiday. Every year, any event dedicated to the day of the native language is prepared with special scope and honors. The government and non-governmental organizations of the country in every possible way encourage the holding of various kinds of events, trying to support the love of fellow citizens for their native language, and also do this in order to preserve and further development root speech.
Switzerland
Let's touch Europe. For example, in Switzerland on February 21 Mother Language Day is celebrated in an educational spirit. Promotions, practical classes, numerous seminars are held. Particularly acute in this country is the issue of families in which children speak two languages and both are native to them. The authorities, teachers and parents are well aware that such children need a special approach, therefore, individual programs for training and educating the younger generation are being developed in the country, which are being successfully implemented.
English-speaking countries
In many countries of Europe and not only (England, Ireland, Singapore, Jamaica, Malta, New Zealand, and even on the whole mainland, and therefore native, English is. We must admit that it, in fact, is included therefore, it has the most direct relation to the holiday.At any negotiations, travel and just in communication, he will be your main lifesaver.
Each language is beautiful and beautiful in its own way, so you should not forget it, love it, cherish it and be proud of it!
Mother tongue day in Russia
In our country, love for the native language can be compared with a feeling of true patriotism that permeates everything and each of us. Especially if we are talking about primordially Slavic values, to which we can confidently include the Russian language.
There are many different worthy statements about the Russian word, but no one has expressed it better than the classics on this topic. The most accurate sayings and clearly reflecting our spirit of patriotism include the Russian writer I. S. Turgenev, who said: "... you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language." Or suffice it to recall the decisive statement of V. G. Belinsky, he argued that “the Russian language is one of richest languages in the world, and there is no doubt about it. Perhaps it is difficult to disagree with these brilliant people, because thanks to our language we think, communicate, create.
In our country, mother tongue day, the scenario of which is carefully thought out and prepared in advance, is held in many schools, libraries, palaces of culture, higher educational institutions and others. educational institutions. Students carefully select the key in which the topic will be covered, learn words, rehearse. All scheduled events, as a rule, are of a solemn, patriotic and educational nature. They are held with the aim of instilling in children a sense of respect and love for their culture, history, traditions and, of course, for their native Russian language.
Disappearing dialects
Speaking in the language of statistics, today, out of the six thousand languages existing in the world, more than two hundred are considered extinct, they do not have a single living carrier. There is also an unfavorable linguistic category of endangered and endangered types of speech (with almost no descendants who speak them). And unstable languages that are not successful because they do not have an official status, and the territory of their distribution is so small that the prospects for their further existence leave much to be desired.
In Russia, about 140 languages are on the verge of becoming obsolete, and twenty have already been recognized as lifeless.
Each native language carries its own characteristics and culture. It distinguishes nations, makes people appreciate and respect their indigenous style of speech, pass it on from generation to generation. Therefore, mother tongue day should definitely be supported, as international holiday, encourage and conduct at the proper level in all countries of the world.
International Mother Language Day
International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by the UNESCO General Conference in November 1999 and has been observed every year on February 21 since 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. This date was chosen to commemorate the events of February 21, 1952, when in Dhaka, the capital of present-day Bangladesh, students who participated in a demonstration in defense of their native language Bengali, which they demanded to be recognized as one of the state languages of the country, were killed by police bullets.
According to experts, a native language is in danger of disappearing if more than 30% of children in a particular community stop learning it. According to the 2009 UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages, over 200 of the world's 6,000 languages have already disappeared over the past three generations, 538 are in critical condition, 502 are at serious risk, 651 are in danger and 607 in a state of instability.
In Russia, 136 languages are in danger, and 20 have already been declared dead.
In addition to the 20 extinct languages (for example, Ainu, Yug) in Russia, another 22 languages are considered to be in critical condition (Aleut, Terek-Sami, Itelmen), 29 are in serious danger (Nivkh, Chukchi, Karelian). 49 languages are endangered, including Kalmyk and Udmurt. The position of 20 languages, including Chechen, Yakut and Tuvan, causes concern.
It is worth considering that Udmurt, Kalmyk, Yakut, Tuvan and Chechen are the state languages of Russia.
Quotes about mother tongue
- "Prefer your native language to all others." Habakkuk.
- "Whose language is power". Ancient Rome.
- “Language is the confession of the people,
He hears his nature
His soul and life are dear ... "
P. Vyazemsky.
- “And we will save you, Russian speech, great Russian word» A. Akhmatova.
- “There is no doubt that the Russian language is one of the richest languages in the world.” V. G. Belinsky.
- "Intemperate language is the worst of evils." Euripides.
- “If you don’t know how to use an ax, you won’t cut down a tree, but language is also an instrument, a musical instrument, and you need to learn how to use it easily and beautifully.” A. M. Gorky.
- “In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections about the fate of my Motherland, you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language.” I. S. Turgenev.
- "Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property, passed on by our predecessors." I. S. Turgenev.
- “The word is a great thing. Great, because with a word you can unite people and separate them, with a word you can serve love, with a word you can serve enmity and hatred. L. N. Tolstoy.
- “And we have no other property! Know how to take care, at least to the best of your ability, in the days of anger and suffering, our immortal gift is speech. I. Bunin.
- “My only asset is Russian speech. There is nothing more precious than a phrase that so clothes a thought, as if it were one and the same. D. Samoilov.
- "We must stand firmer,
Gotta love more and more
We must keep everything strictly
Gold of Russian speech. D. Samoilov.
- "A beautiful thought loses all its value if it is badly expressed." Voltaire.
- “It's not just a word. It is either a curse, or a congratulation, or beauty, or pain, or dirt, or a flower, or a lie, or truth, or a net, or darkness.
R. Gamzatov.
- “There is no word that would be so bold, smart, would break out from under the very heart, would seethe and tremble so vividly, like the aptly spoken Russian word.” N. V. Gogol.
- “You marvel at the jewels of our language: every sound is a gift; everything is grainy, large, like pearls themselves, and, really, a different name is even more precious than the thing itself. N. V. Gogol.
- “For everything that exists in nature, ... in the Russian language there are a great many good words and names." K. Paustovsky.
- “... And if, nevertheless, love for one’s fatherland, one’s language and one’s homeland remains for a long time, then it will only be a living branch on a living trunk of universal gratitude.” V. G. Korolenko.
LOVE AND PROTECT YOUR NATIVE LANGUAGE!
International Mother Language Day 2020 is celebrated on February 21st. The holiday is celebrated by people who study and transmit knowledge about the language: teachers of literature, language, researchers of writing, library staff, students, teachers and graduate students of philological faculties of higher educational institutions people who are passionate about linguistics.
The purpose of the holiday is to promote linguistic and cultural diversity, to protect endangered languages. Each year it is dedicated to a specific theme.
The content of the article
history of the holiday
On November 17, 1999, the UNESCO General Conference declared February 21 as International Mother Language Day. The first celebrations took place in 2000. The UN General Assembly supported the initiative to proclaim the holiday in 2002 in Resolution No. Α/RES/56/262. She called on member countries to promote the preservation and protection of the languages of the peoples of the world.
The date of the holiday is dedicated to the memory of the tragedy that occurred in Bangladesh on February 21, 1952. Pakistani police shot dead protesters who advocated the recognition of Bengali as the state language.
Holiday traditions
Educational lectures, conferences, seminars are held on this day. Defense campaigns are underway state language. Exhibitions and presentations dedicated to languages are organized at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris and its branches, festive concerts are organized. Thematic classes are held in educational institutions. Contests are held among connoisseurs of the native language. In means mass media articles on current and endangered languages are published.
Each official language The UN has its own holiday. June 6 is the Day of the Russian Language, April 23 - English, October 12 - Spanish, March 20 - French, December 18 - Arabic and April 20 - Chinese. September 26 is the European Day of Languages, August 18 - Common Language Day.
54% of Internet resources - on English language, 6% - in Russian.
There are 7 thousand languages on Earth. One of the reasons for their disappearance is the uneven distribution by the number of carriers. A language dies out if it is spoken by less than 100,000 people.
In 2009, UNESCO recognized 136 languages in Russia as endangered.
The UN General Assembly proclaimed 2008 the International Year of Languages.
Pidgin - simplified, not native speech, a means of communication between several ethnic groups.
The researchers claim that the primitive proto-language appeared 2.3 million years ago in Homo habilis - highly developed australopithecines.
The history of linguistics began in the 5th century BC. e.
