Russian empire
Russian empire
USSR USSR
Partisan detachment "Falcons"
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky(January 18 (January), the village of Myshkovichi (now the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region) - January 13, in the same place) - an employee of the state security organs of the USSR, one of the leaders of the partisan movement in Belarus. Hero of the Soviet Union (1943). Hero of Socialist Labor ().
Biography
Born into a peasant family. Participated in World War I with the rank of non-commissioned officer.
In 1938, he was dismissed from military service in the state security organs for health reasons.
In 1939-1940 he worked as vice-rector for the economic part of the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute (Orenburg) and at the same time studied there as a student.
On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of Orlovsky K.P. (12 fighters) on one of the roads of the Baranovichi region attacked the convoy of the General Commissar of Belarus Wiligelm Kube; the raid killed Hauptkommissar Friedrich Fentz, SS-Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and over 30 soldiers.
Orlovsky's detachment suffered no losses; Orlovsky himself was badly wounded. His right arm was amputated to the shoulder, on the left - 3 fingers and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%.
Losing the ability to pass military service in the state security organs in connection with disability, Orlovsky K.P. addressed a personal letter to Stalin I.V. , in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and promised to revive it and make it a millionaire collective farm. The request of Orlovsky K.P. was granted by the Government of the USSR. Since January, Orlovsky K.P. has been elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region. Under the leadership of Orlovsky, the Rassvet collective farm became the first in post-war USSR farm millionaire.
In 1956-1961 he was a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
Memory
Awards
- Medal "Gold Star" No. 1720 (September 20, 1943).
- Medals.
see also
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Notes
Literature
- Borisov I. Man from the legend: A documentary story / I. Borisov. - Minsk: Mastatskaya literature, 1991. - 335 p. ISBN 5-340-00231-4.
- Ponomarev, V. G. Rebellious heart / V. G. Ponomarev. - Moscow: Politizdat, 1970. - 159 p.
- Flowers Ya. The Tale of Kirill Orlovsky. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1976. - 304 p. - 100,000 copies.
Links
Site "Heroes of the Country".
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An excerpt characterizing Orlovsky, Kirill Prokofievich
- Mitinka! And Mitinka! Ride on, Mitinka, to the Moscow region, ”he turned to the manager who had come in at his call,“ jump to the Moscow region and tell the gardener to dress up Maximka’s corvée. Tell them to drag all the greenhouses here, wrap them in felt. Yes, so that I have two hundred pots here by Friday.Having given more and more different orders, he went out to rest with the countess, but remembered something else he needed, returned himself, returned the cook and housekeeper, and again began to give orders. At the door was heard a light, masculine gait, the rattling of spurs, and a handsome, ruddy, with a blackening mustache, apparently rested and well-groomed by a quiet life in Moscow, entered the young count.
- Ah, my brother! My head is spinning,” said the old man, as if ashamed, smiling in front of his son. - If only you could help! We need more songwriters. I have music, but can I call the gypsies? Your military brethren love it.
“Really, papa, I think Prince Bagration, when he was preparing for the battle of Shengraben, was less busy than you are now,” said the son, smiling.
The old count pretended to be angry. - Yes, you talk, you try!
And the count turned to the cook, who, with an intelligent and respectable face, looked observantly and affectionately at father and son.
- What kind of youth is it, Feoktist? - he said, - laughs at our brother old people.
- Well, Your Excellency, they only want to eat well, but how to collect everything and serve it is none of their business.
- So, so, - the count shouted, and merrily grabbing his son by both hands, he shouted: - So that's it, I got you! Now take a twin sleigh and go to Bezukhov, and say that the count, they say, Ilya Andreevich was sent to ask you for fresh strawberries and pineapples. You won't get anyone else. It’s not there yourself, so you go in, tell the princesses, and from there, that’s what, you go to Razgulay - Ipatka the coachman knows - you find Ilyushka the gypsy there, that’s what Count Orlov then danced, remember, in a white Cossack, and you bring him here to me.
“And bring him here with the gypsies?” Nicholas asked laughing. - Oh well!…
At that moment, with inaudible steps, with a businesslike, preoccupied, and at the same time Christian meek air that never left her, Anna Mikhailovna entered the room. Despite the fact that every day Anna Mikhailovna found the count in a dressing gown, every time he was embarrassed in front of her and asked for an apology for his costume.
“Nothing, Count, my dear,” she said, meekly closing her eyes. “And I’ll go to the Earless,” she said. - Pierre has arrived, and now we will get everything, count, from his greenhouses. I needed to see him. He sent me a letter from Boris. Thank God, Borya is now at headquarters.
The count was delighted that Anna Mikhailovna was taking part of his orders, and ordered her to pawn a small carriage.
- You tell Bezukhov to come. I'll write it down. What is he with his wife? - he asked.
Anna Mikhailovna rolled her eyes, and deep sorrow expressed on her face ...
“Ah, my friend, he is very unhappy,” she said. “If it’s true what we heard, it’s terrible. And did we think when we rejoiced so much at his happiness! And such a high, heavenly soul, this young Bezukhov! Yes, I feel sorry for him from the bottom of my heart and will try to give him the consolation that will depend on me.
- Yes, what is it? both Rostovs, the elder and the younger, asked.
Anna Mikhailovna sighed deeply: “Dolokhov, Marya Ivanovna’s son,” she said in a mysterious whisper, “they say he completely compromised her. He took him out, invited him to his house in St. Petersburg, and now ... She came here, and this rip off her head, ”said Anna Mikhailovna, wanting to express her sympathy for Pierre, but in involuntary intonations and with a half-smile showing sympathy rip off her head, as she named Dolokhova. - They say that Pierre himself is completely killed by his grief.
- Well, all the same, tell him to come to the club - everything will dissipate. The feast will be a mountain.
The next day, March 3rd, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, 250 members of the English Club and 50 guests were waiting for dinner. dear guest and the hero of the Austrian campaign, Prince Bagration. At first, upon receiving the news of the battle of Austerlitz, Moscow was perplexed. At that time, the Russians were so accustomed to victories that, having received the news of the defeat, some simply did not believe, others were looking for explanations for such a strange event in some unusual reasons. In the English Club, where everything that was noble, having the right information and weight, gathered, in the month of December, when the news began to arrive, nothing was said about the war and about the last battle, as if everyone had agreed to keep silent about it. People who gave direction to conversations, such as: Count Rostopchin, Prince Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky, Valuev, gr. Markov, Prince. Vyazemsky, did not show up at the club, but gathered at home, in their intimate circles, and the Muscovites, who spoke from other people's voices (to which Ilya Andreevich Rostov belonged), remained for a short time without a definite judgment on the cause of the war and without leaders. Muscovites felt that something was not good and that it was difficult to discuss these bad news, and therefore it was better to remain silent. But after a while, as the jurors were leaving the deliberation room, the aces appeared, giving opinions in the club, and everything spoke clearly and definitely. The reasons for this incredible, unheard of and impossible event that the Russians were beaten, and everything became clear, and the same thing was said in all corners of Moscow. These reasons were: the betrayal of the Austrians, the bad food of the troops, the betrayal of the Pole Pshebyshevsky and the French Langeron, the incapacity of Kutuzov, and (they spoke slowly) the youth and inexperience of the sovereign, who entrusted himself to bad and insignificant people. But the troops, Russian troops, everyone said, were extraordinary and performed miracles of courage. Soldiers, officers, generals were heroes. But the hero of the heroes was Prince Bagration, who became famous for his Shengraben affair and retreat from Austerlitz, where he alone led his column undisturbed and fought off twice as strong an enemy all day. The fact that Bagration was chosen as a hero in Moscow was also facilitated by the fact that he had no connections in Moscow and was a stranger. In his face, due honor was given to the fighting, simple, without connections and intrigues, Russian soldier, still associated with the memories of the Italian campaign with the name of Suvorov. In addition, in giving him such honors, the dislike and disapproval of Kutuzov was best shown.
- If there was no Bagration, il faudrait l "inventer, [it would be necessary to invent it.] - said the joker Shinshin, parodying the words of Voltaire. Nobody spoke about Kutuzov, and some scolded him in a whisper, calling him a court turntable and an old satyr. Throughout Moscow repeated the words of Prince Dolgorukov: “molding, sculpting and sticking around”, who consoled himself in our defeat with the memory of previous victories, and Rostopchin’s words were repeated that the French soldiers should be excited to fight with high-flown phrases, that the Germans should be logically argued, convincing them that it's more dangerous to run than to go forward, but that Russian soldiers only need to be restrained and asked: be quiet! From all sides more and more stories were heard about individual examples of courage shown by our soldiers and officers at Austerlitz. He saved the banner, he killed 5 Frenchmen , that one loaded 5 guns. They also talked about Berg, who did not know him, that he, wounded in right hand, took a sword in the left and went forward. They didn’t say anything about Bolkonsky, and only those who knew him closely regretted that he died early, leaving a pregnant wife and an eccentric father.
“Nails would be made of these people:
Stronger if there were no nails in the world "
Nikolai Tikhonov
A nail is a fastener
used for fixing parts.
Wikipedia
There are such historical figures, and Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, without a doubt, throughout his life deserved this definition, and not only, and not so much for the exploits he accomplished, for which he was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union and Hero Socialist Labor, and, above all, by that moral component, according to which it can be compared with examples of moral stamina and valor generally recognized by mankind.
Using his example, we will show how important the personal aspect is in process management and how conceptual authority can be realized.
On Conceptual Power ordinary people
The life of people does not proceed at random, but always in line with certain concepts of the life of society in the continuity of generations. Concepts, representing algorithms for the self-government of society, can be perceived by people as some of their fragments, but at the same time remaining outside their awareness as integrity, even in minimal detail. Nevertheless, they objectively exist, since every society self-governs in some way, and information and moral standards, which together represent the algorithms of social self-government, are also objective.
And from ancient times there were and are now people who turned out to be:
- able to perceive in themselves in some images different concepts,
understand each of them in more or less detail, - according to their morally determined arbitrariness, give preference to one of them,
- to have an impact on their entire set, possibly putting forward a new concept, thereby changing the further course of life according to their morally determined arbitrariness and understanding with the means available to them.
With the ultimate generalization of concepts, there are only two: either in line with the formation of humanity on the planet, or in line with the formation of slavery up to outright Satanism.
Often, due to the obsession with some ideas or traditions of religion, the individual considers the formation of humanity on the planet a utopia, an unrealizable dream, and therefore, before the conscious will of the individual sets the task for the intellect to think about “conceptual power: myth or reality?”, its unconscious levels minds will block the rethinking of this topic and he will remain with the opinion:
What is the conceptual power? - you have to live like everyone else: work, raise children, etc.
How do the notorious "everyone" live? Why do they live this way and not otherwise? Can they live differently, and would a different way of life be more gracious? - these questions either do not arise, or they are frightened by the possibility of losing what they already have, without getting anything better in return. But, as historical experience shows, the unwillingness to deal with them in one form or another, due to historical era, leads to the fact that people are deprived of what they have, receiving in return something even worse, with which they begin to fight only when it gains strength instead of crushing this negative in the bud or putting it in a state of impossibility of implementation, putting forward an alternative in advance him the concept of society.
Accordingly, we understand the term "conceptual power" as two mutually related phenomena:
- firstly, the power of self-government algorithms (concepts) over the life of society and over the life of each of the people who are members of this society;
- secondly, the intra-social power of those people who are able to realize more or less detailed concepts dominating society and exert, according to their morally conditioned arbitrariness, a consciously expedient impact on the whole multitude of concepts, eliminating the influence of some and giving power to the algorithms of others, coordinating with them , first of all, their own behavior and linking them with the psyche of others.
If a person has certain personal qualities, observation, knowledge and skills, thinks about the relationships in the life of the people around him, who make up society, then as a result, he has the complete function of controlling the course of a certain set of events, the channel of which he himself builds in the direction he has chosen, and within which it operates. This complete control function, in turn, turns out to be a component in some embracing totality of the course of events, which either supports it or suppresses it. This overarching set of events can also represent the process of managing (or self-governing) the overall function.
Accordingly, true democracy is possible only in a society where the working majority is conceptually powerful in a sincere desire to stay in line with the development of humanity (in other words, God's Providence), which excludes the possibility of abuse by conceptually powerful egoists and their corporations, which are a degrading minority, in relation to the majority. .
And we want to talk about one such person who has shown conceptual authority and whose activity in the full function of management, has been built into the overarching complete function management of another manager from God in our country.
About valor, about exploits, about glory ...
But first about the deeds.
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky - the son of a peasant in difficult years revolution and civil war quickly made up his mind life position- became an active supporter of the state of workers and peasants and did not turn off this path anymore. Already in June 1918, by the way, in the same year he joined the CPSU (b), on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that acted against German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he served in the Bobruisk Cheka. In 1920 - 1925 he led partisan detachments in Western Belarus, which was part of Poland, through the line of "active intelligence" of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army. The partisans of the detachments he led carried out several dozen military operations, including: three passenger trains were stopped, a railway bridge was blown up, two railway stations, three towns, several landowners' estates were occupied, more than 100 gendarmes and landowners were destroyed.
Since 1925, he has been in the service of state security agencies. In 1936, he was the head of the construction site at the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal (that is, a worker in the Gulag). In 1937 - 1938 he performed combat missions during the Spanish Civil War. He led sabotage and reconnaissance groups, at the head of one of them made a long 800-kilometer raid on the rear of the enemy, which was rated as "unparalleled" by the republican command. During one of the fights with the Francoists, he received a severe concussion of the spine from a close grenade explosion.
For health reasons, in 1938 he was dismissed from military service in the state security bodies, and in 1939 - 1940 he worked as vice-rector for the economic part of the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute (Orenburg) and at the same time studied (at the age of 45) there as a student (!).
In July 1940, he was restored to the service in the state security agencies. From March 1941, he was sent to Xinjiang (China) with a special assignment, where, under cover, he organized intelligence work.
During the Great Patriotic War after numerous personal requests, in 1942 he was included in the Special Group of the NKVD and from October 1942 to August 1943 he successfully led the large partisan detachment "Falcons", which operated on the territory of the Baranovichi region.
On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky (12 fighters) attacked a fascist convoy on one of the roads in the Baranovichi region. As a result of the raid, Hauptkommissar Friedrich Fentz, SS Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed. Orlovsky's detachment suffered no losses; Orlovsky himself was badly wounded. His right arm was amputated to the shoulder, on the left - 4 fingers and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50 - 60%.
In August 1943 he was recalled to Moscow and sent to further service in the NKGB of the Byelorussian SSR.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943, for the courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Having lost the ability to perform full-fledged military service in the state security agencies due to disability, Orlovsky addressed a personal letter to I.V. Stalin, in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and promised to bring him to the forefront.
Letter
This is a “Top Secret” statement because it contained information about the operational activities of the state security agencies, clearly not intended to ever be published, written just three days after Minsk was liberated, when fighting near Slonim, Baranovichi, and in Berlin they discussed plans for a counterattack from East Prussia in the direction of Grodno - Minsk, tells about the person who wrote it more than whole volumes of books or we can finish in this short article. We will accompany the text of the letter with inserts explaining the essence of Orlovsky's conceptual authority over the full function of management.
Moscow, the Kremlin, Comrade Stalin.
From the Hero of the Soviet Union
lieutenant colonel of state security
Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich.
Statement.
Dear Comrade Stalin!
Allow me to hold your attention for a few minutes, to express my thoughts, feelings and aspirations to you.
I was born in 1895 in the village. Myshkovichi of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region in the family of a middle peasant.
Until 1915, he worked and studied at his own farm, in the village of Myshkovichi.
From 1915 - 1918 he served in tsarist army as a platoon leader.
From 1918 to 1925 he worked in the rear of the German invaders, White Poles and White Lithuanians as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups. At the same time, he fought for four months on Western front against the White Poles, for two months against the troops of General Yudenich, and for eight months he studied in Moscow at the 1st Moscow Infantry Command Courses.
From 1925 to 1930 he studied in Moscow at the Komvuz of the peoples of the West.
From 1930 to 1936, he worked in the special group of the NKVD of the USSR for the selection and training of sabotage and partisan personnel in case of war with the Nazi invaders in Belarus.
In 1936 he worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal as the head of the construction site.
Throughout 1937 he was on a business trip in Spain, where he fought in the rear fascist troops as commander of a subversive partisan group.
1939 - 1940 worked and studied at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute.
1941 was on a special mission in Western China, from where, at his personal request, he was recalled and sent to the rear of the German invaders as the commander of a reconnaissance and sabotage group.
Thus, from 1918 to 1943, I was lucky enough to work for 8 years behind enemy lines of the USSR as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally crossing the front line and state border more than 70 times, to carry out government tasks, to kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union both in wartime and in peacetime, for which the Government of the USSR awarded me two Orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918. I don't have party memberships.
On the night of February 17, 1943, undercover intelligence brought me information that on February 17-43 Wilhelm Kube (General Commissar of Belarus), Friedrich Fens (Commissar of three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40-50 of their guards.
At that time, I had only 12 people of my fighters with me, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. During the day in an open area, on the road, attacking the enemy was quite risky, but alsoit was not in my nature to miss a big fascist bastard , and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my soldiers in white camouflage coats to the road itself, put them in a chain and camouflaged them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to pass.
Everyone is responsible for their actions in the first place before their conscience. And there are few people who will just as selflessly fulfill their duty to her.
Twelve hours in the snow pits, my comrades and I had to lie and patiently wait ...
At six o'clock in the evening, an enemy transport appeared from behind the hillock, and when the carts caught up with our chain, at my signal, our machine-gun fire was opened, as a result of which Friedrich Fens, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.
My comrades calmly took away all the fascist weapons, documents, took off their best clothes and in an organized manner went into the forest, to their base.
There were no casualties on our side. In this battle, I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked, as a result of which my right arm was amputated to the shoulder, 4 fingers on my left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%. In the same place, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I physically got stronger and in August 1943 I was summoned to Moscow by radiogram.
Thanks to People's Commissar State Security Comrade Merkulov and Head of the 4th Directorate Comrade Sudoplatov .
The party of Lenin-Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?
Full control function- a hierarchically ordered sequence of actions of different quality, including:
- Identification of the environmental factor that causes the need for control in the subject who encounters it.
- Formation of a set of characteristics to recognize this factor in the future.
- Formation of a vector of management goals in relation to this factor and the introduction of this vector of goals into the general vector of goals of one's behavior (self-government).
- Formation of the objective function (concept) of control based on the solution of the problem of stability in the sense of predictability of behavior.
- Organization of a purposeful management structure that carries the target management function.
- Control (observation and correction) of the activities of the structure in the process of management carried out by it.
- Its elimination in case of uselessness or maintenance in working condition until the next use.
Items 1 and 7 are always present in the full control function.
At the same time, the ability to identify environmental factors that cause the need for management, as happened with Orlovsky, is one of the most important distinguishing abilities for a person. The Quran speaks of this ability as follows:
O those who believe! If you are careful not to anger God (translation: if you revere God), He will give you Discrimination and cleanse you of your evil deeds and forgive you. Indeed, God is the possessor of great mercy!” — 8:29.
As a result of discrimination in the mind of a person, a certain object, a process is revealed against the background surrounding it (“This” against the background “Not This”) and its relationship with other objects and processes can be comprehended and repeatedly rethought. If there is no distinction, then the object, the process cannot be revealed, it seems invisible, and equally non-existent, and the subject, with all the desire, cannot organize control over it.
The emerging need for management is expressed in the disappearance of psychological comfort - a distinguished factor begins to put pressure on the psyche. So Orlovsky described this state of his with the words:
... financially, I live very well. Morally - bad .
... did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?
After that, in relation to the factor that puts pressure on the psyche, goals are developed.
To moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful labor.
Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted the possible time to working on agricultural literature. .
From 1930 to 1936, by the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.
I used my stay at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, to the fullest in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that the organization of an exemplary collective farm can provide.
It is also striking that Orlovsky, working in the organs, thought not only about his current professional activity, but about the future - what he will and can do "in civilian life." That is, he developed himself in different directions, not confining himself to one “bread profession”.
If the Government of the USSR had released a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in merchandise terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:
- From a hundred forage cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the% fat content of milk.
- To sow not less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 to obtain not less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
- Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July of this year there will be no rain. If it rains, then the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70-80 centners.
- In 1950, collective farm forces will plant a fruit garden on a hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that agrotechnical science has developed.
- By 1948, three snow-retaining strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
- By 1950 there will be at least a hundred families of bee farms.
- Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:
shed for M-P farms No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
shed for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
shed for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
granary for 950 tons of grain;
shed for storage of agricultural machinery, inventory and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
power plant, along with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
garage for 7 cars;
petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
bakery - 75 sq. m;
bath - 98 sq. m;
a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
house for kindergarten- 180 sq. m;
barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
silo pits with brick lining of walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silage;
storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
By the efforts of the collective farmers and at the expense of the collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a latrine and a small shed for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-organized, cultural settlement, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;
artesian wells - 6 pieces.
I must say that the gross income of the collective farm "Red Partizan" in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.
According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.
Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure for raising the ideological and political level of my members of the collective farm to such an extent that it will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and devoted to the party of Lenin-Stalin people.
After reading this letter of request, any manager may have a question: “Well, okay, but how Are you going to achieve all this?"
The point is that the probabilistic future in general always equals exactly 1 (one). Future in general always will be, but which of its variants will come is not defined. Therefore, it can be imagined that on one side of the scale lies 1.0 - the probabilistic predetermination of a definitely unknown future in general, then on the other side of the scale there should be a set of more or less detailed defined, distinguishable from one another options for this future in general, each of which can be chosen as a vector of goals management.
The probability of any of these various variants of the future is always less than the probabilistic predetermination of the future in general, then it is equal to 1 (one).
Life is the practice of the unambiguous implementation of such multiple probabilistic predeterminations, expressing themselves in accomplished statistics.
And mathematical theory probabilities and mathematical statistics - being an idealized model of the practice of implementing probabilistic predeterminations, either excludes management subjectivism from consideration, or includes private statistics of managers' subjectivism, which describes the process along with other private statistics.
But both so and so, although in different ways, the aspect of managerial capacity a particular person falls out of consideration of probability theory and mathematical statistics(which is actively substantiated today by any management decisions). The process of realization of probabilistic predeterminations is always concrete.
The management process for the full function has an individual uniqueness, since management is conditioned by the personality of the manager.
Statistical methods do not answer the questions: who, and why, falls into one statistics and falls out of another? They don’t care who exactly: the result and its “weight” in statistics are important, and not those who personally achieved it. In the practice of the implementation of probabilistic predeterminations in management tasks, it is the personality that carries various possibilities or the impossibility of implementing this or that event.
Figuratively speaking, in the problems of control over the complete function:
"probabilistic predetermination of the event" = " mathematical probability"self-fulfillment" of the event" * "the personality of the manager, as the bearer of certain opportunities."
That is, the probability is faceless, and probabilistic predetermination always has personal specificity, personally conditioned originality. And the same person can fit into one statistics and probabilistic-statistical models, and fall out of others.
That is why Orlovsky makes a rather long introduction about his previous achievements, describing in detail, among other things, the managerial experience of leading a detachment during individual operations, in order to show his managerial viability and ability to solve non-standard situations in unusual circumstances. If it had been just a letter asking for money and promises, then Stalin would hardly have granted this request. Although, of course, there was a risk that Orlovsky would not cope with the new processes for him. After all, assurances are one thing, and the practice of implementation is another, even if everything is thought out and rethought many times. After all, there is also a personal aspect, and not only the manager himself, who took up this or that work, but also his subordinates, who can sabotage the overall activity.
Before writing this statement to you and assuming these obligations, I thought it over many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I would do the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this economy would be indicative economy for the collective farmers of Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, on sending me to this work and granting me the loan I requested.
If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.
Application:
Description of the collective farm "Red Partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
Estimate of repaid loan.
Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
Request K.P. Orlovsky was satisfied. The implementation of this small collective farm project on a national scale fit into the general concept of Stalin's management, fit into his full management function, since it was on such people that he relied in his activities.
It was these people who made the Stalinist Soviet Union the second superpower in the world.
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky in January 1945 was elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm (the former Red Partisan of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region, which he led for 23 years.
Under his leadership, the Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.
K.P. Orlovsky at the construction of the stable. 1950
In 1958 K.P. Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle medal. But in general, for military and labor merits, he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals.
About the most important
Even a simple acquaintance with the biography of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky seems to dot the i’s and every sane person has doubts that we have a Man with capital letter, does not occur. And there is also a moral component, in our opinion the most important, for understanding such people, "whom we must take as models." After all, it was the morality of this manager that ensured the realization of a very small possible probability of realizing the future - so that the destroyed collective farm (on the territory of Belarus most affected by the Nazis) became the first millionaire collective farm among all the collective farms in the USSR.
Here is how Kirill Prokofievich himself explained his actions:
Reading this short report, you might think that I made a heroic campaign with a group, spent a lot of energy with incredible tension on my nerves, that as soon as I could endure with a broken spine, rheumatism in the joints of my legs and at the age of 43 I could overcome this path and all his troubles? Yes, the difficulties, the expenditure of energy and the tension of the nerves are incredibly great ... I overcame all this thanks to unlimited hatred for the enemies of the people - the Nazis and love for my work, for my profession (highlighted by us when quoting).
I ask for your order to send me to the rear of the Nazi troops for red partisan and sabotage work, where I can be incomparably more useful in defending the socialist fatherland ... if you send me, then I will give all my thoughts, feelings, heart and will be the same as first, to smash the sworn enemy of humanity, the German fascists ... (highlighted by us when quoting).
... from 1918 to 1943 I was lucky to work behind enemy lines of the USSR for 8 years(highlighted by us when quoting) as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and the state border more than 70 times, carry out government tasks, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union ...
…financially, I live very well. Morally - bad(highlighted by us when quoting). The party of Lenin-Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party? To moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful labor ...
Before writing this statement to you and taking on these obligations, I have thought it over many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work (highlighted by us when quoting), I came to a deep conviction that I will do the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland …
I'm certainly not an angel. I'm probably wrong(highlighted by us when quoting), but subjectivism is alien to me and disgusting. I would despise myself for such shameful behaviour.
Notice that his words match his deeds. And his deeds are highly moral, well-behaved. We will not remember all his exploits, just give one specific example. When there was not enough money to build a school, K.P. Orlovsky withdrew all his savings from the book - 200 thousand - and invested them in construction.
But what they say about him is not the dry lines of award lists and performance characteristics, but ordinary people who knew him from work and life:
Lecturer at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute G.M. Udovin:
I have never met a better vice-rector for economic affairs. He was a man of his word, always doing his duty.
The old collective farmer Daria Ivanovna:
We all remember him like yesterday. After all, in everyone's life(highlighted by us when quoting).
Conclusion
Now is the time for us to ask ourselves, honestly, to ourselves:
But have I done everything so that, well, if not in the life of everyone, but at least one person, to remain in the memory of a Man with a capital letter?
That's it for this question and the search for an answer to it in conscience by everyone, we have prepared this material.
From the page of E. Kukuy
His heroic biography would be enough for several lives, and he lived only one. But what! Head of a sabotage detachment in Poland, participant in the Spanish Civil War, Soviet intelligence officer in China, commander partisan detachment during the Great Patriotic War. Having lost both hands, he did not lose heart and headed the collective farm in 1945, which was the first in the USSR to receive a million in net profit.
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky - Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor, holder of five Orders of Lenin and many other awards served as the prototype of the main characters for two world-famous writers - Ernest Hemingway ("For Whom the Bell Tolls") and Yuri Nagibin (script of the film "Chairman" with Mikhail Ulyanov).
SABOTEUR
My military career Orlovsky began in the tsarist army as a non-commissioned officer, participated in the First World War, rose to the rank of commander of a sapper platoon. The creation of the world's first state of workers and peasants was accepted with all my heart. In June 1918, on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that acted against German troops. Then he worked in the Cheka.
Under the terms of the peace treaty in 1921, Western Belarus and Western Ukraine were ceded to Poland. Orlovsky soon got there at the head of a sabotage detachment. It was assumed that the armed detachments would become the core of a nationwide partisan movement in the occupied Belarusian and Ukrainian lands, which would lead to their reunification with the USSR.
Trains flew down a slope, bridges exploded, landowners' estates, railway stations and towns were captured ... For the head of a red saboteur who acted under the pseudonym Mucha-Mikhalsky, the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs gave 10 billion marks!
In 1925, the Soviet leadership decides that the sabotage methods of struggle have exhausted themselves, and instructs "to concentrate all efforts on mass organizational work among the peasants." But the vast experience gained in Poland could not be wasted. Therefore, the leadership attracted Kirill to work with a special department of the NKVD for the selection and training of partisan personnel for wartime.
Then there was Spain, unprecedented 500- and 750-kilometer reconnaissance and sabotage raids on the rear of the Francoists.
In Madrid, he lived for a week in the same hotel with Hemingway, talked with him. The writer was fascinated by the great saboteur, listened to his stories, asked endless questions. The result of these conversations was the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, where Orlovsky was bred as the prototype of the protagonist Robert Jordan.
Meanwhile, Kirill himself received a severe spinal contusion from a nearby grenade rupture. The doctors' verdict was ruthless - to commission, not fit for work in the special services.
However, scouts are not former. In March 1941, under the guise of an employee of the People's Commissariat of Flowers, he traveled to Alma-Ata to organize a base for our agents in China. Later, in the Celestial Empire, he conducts a textbook operation to save our resident, stealing him from under the nose of Chinese counterintelligence and taking him to the USSR in a bale of cotton wool.
With the outbreak of the war, events developed rapidly: already on the sixth day, Nazi troops occupied Minsk, Kirill Prokofievich rushed to his native Belarus, demanding that he be sent to the front. The command is adamant - Orlovsky is needed here. And then the famous saboteur writes a report addressed to Stalin. The reaction was instantaneous - Orlovsky was recalled and appointed to command the special-purpose partisan detachment "Falcons", operating on the territory of Belarus.
In February 1943, agent information was received that high-ranking Germans with numerous guards would pass along one of the roads in the Baranovichi region. Even before dawn, the commander brought 12 of his fighters in camouflage to the road. I had to wait 12 hours in the snow pits! Only at six in the evening the transport appeared. When the carts caught up with the disguised partisans, they opened heavy fire. As a result, the Sokolov fighters destroyed the general commissar of the city of Baranovichi Friedrich French, the gebitskommissar of the Baranovichi region Friedrich Styur and Obergruppenführer of the SS troops Ferdinand Zasornas, 8 officers and more than 30 guards, seizing important documents and weapons.
“There were no casualties on our side,” Kirill Prokofievich will write first. And only then will he point out: “In this battle I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked.” This is the whole Orlovsky. The matter was complicated by the fact that there was no doctor in the detachment, and the doctor of the neighboring detachment did not have the means for anesthesia and a surgical saw. Then they got hold of a hacksaw, sharpened it, cleaned it with sandpaper, boiled it in boiling water, and performed the operation without anesthesia. The commander's right hand was amputated to the shoulder, and four fingers on the left. During the concussion, he lost 50% of his hearing. Who with such a mutilation could fight? But... “Three months later I got up. The partisans did not let me become a cripple. I was in command of my squad again." Only in the fall of 1943 Orlovsky was recalled to Moscow, where he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Frame from the film "The President". The biography of the hero inspired the writer Nagibin and director Saltykov
CHAIRMAN
It would seem that the honored hero, according to all conceivable laws and concepts, received the right to a comfortable lifelong rest. And the restless Orlovsky again wrote a letter to Stalin: “Materially, I live very well ... Morally - badly.” A disabled person of the first group - without both hands, who almost cannot take care of himself, cannot dress and put on shoes, wash and eat, almost deaf ... Do you think this is what the letter is about? "I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful labor."
In the letter, Kirill Prokofievich intelligibly and convincingly explains what and how he could do to restore the economy destroyed by the war. “If the Government of the USSR had released a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in merchandise terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved would be the following indicators ... I must say that the gross income of the collective farm "Red Partizan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles. According to my calculation, the same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.
It is striking not only that Orlovsky undertakes such an unbearable task, but also that Stalin allocates the requested funds, although the war has not yet ended.
In the village of Myshkovichi at that time, the collective farmers lived in dugouts, there was almost not a single surviving hut left. But Kirill Prokofievich did not begin with the construction of housing, but with the introduction of almost military discipline, the establishment of strict accounting, control and responsibility of everyone for material values and the organization of work. And he established the law of life in the economy: do not goof off, do not steal, do not get drunk, do not let words go to the wind. Gradually, the economy began to revive.
The Orlovsky collective farm is still operating
Kirill Prokofievich fulfilled all his promises. Under the leadership of Orlovsky, the Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the Soviet Union and grew into a large diversified farm. Settlements were built here from urban-type houses, an engine yard, a vegetable factory, a sewing, dairy and sausage workshops, carpentry and locksmith workshops, a mill, a mineral water bottling workshop operated at the collective farm, secondary school, a shopping center, a nursery-garden, a restaurant, a hotel, a stadium, a library, a post office, a public bath, a feldsher-midwife station, a complex reception point for consumer services, an automatic telephone exchange, a Palace of Culture, a children's music school, shops and the first own in the republic sanatorium. Asphalt roads were laid to fields, farms and villages.
Eyewitnesses describe as follows: “The bins in the yards of collective farmers were bursting with good. He rebuilt the village, paved the road to the district center and the village street, built a club, a ten-year school. There was not enough money - he took all his savings (200 thousand) from the book and invested in the school. He paid scholarships to students, preparing a reserve of personnel.
As soon as they did not call Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky - a wolf man, a legend man, a plow man. This cool, direct and honest man infected everyone with his indefatigable energy and never complained about his lot. His wife recalled: “I always went with him, he could not be alone. He was very worried that he was a cripple.” Only once, according to his wife, was the chairman glad that he had no hands. It was in Moscow at the next session. Nikita Khrushchev spoke, whom Orlovsky did not like. He spoke, everyone clapped for him, clapped, it came to a standing ovation. And Kirill Prokofievich whispers to his wife: “It’s good that I have no hands. Don't clap for this tourist."
In the center of the village of Myshkovichi, a bust was erected to Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, at the foot of which there are two symbols of his fate - a rifle and a plow. Two symbols that define his human essence are a fighter and a worker.
Alexey Maksimov
One of the organizers of the organizers and leaders of the partisan movement in Belarus during the Civil and Great Patriotic War, party and business leader, Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor.
1895-1968
Born at the beginning of 1895 in a large peasant family (11 souls) in the deaf Myshkovichi, which is more than twenty miles from Bobruisk, Cyril, even before the soldiery, tasted enough of a miserable peasant existence. The lousy, hungry trenches of the first imperialist war were his primary political school. After the front, Kirill did not remain inactive for long and, following the Aurora's draft volley, went to Bobruisk, found the Bolsheviks there. His first party task was to organize a partisan detachment, take land from the local rich and Kaiser occupiers, distribute it to the peasants, and keep power in their hands. The successful completion of this task was Orlovsky's recommendation to the Bolshevik Party, with which, from June 1918, he connected his life. Since December of this year, he has been a member of the Bobruisk Cheka.
The post-revolutionary years in Belarus were unstable and alarming - the German and White Poles occupations. Orlovsky's outstanding military talent, manifested in Orlovsky, directed his whole life, at the behest of the party, to the risky paths of an underground worker and partisan, where neither day nor night - no sleep, no rest. He serves on the Western, Petrograd fronts. He studies in the courses of command staff. From January 1922, he commanded a partisan detachment in Western Belarus. After graduating from the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West in 1930, he devoted his vacation to the creation of the Chyrvony partisan collective farm in his native Myshkovichi. Then service in the Army. In 1936 he took part in the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal. Participated in the national revolutionary war in Spain.
After Spain, again study, two years of work as deputy director at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute.
A special place in the life of Orlovsky is occupied by the KGB service in the GPU-NKVD.
When the Nazi troops invaded our country, Orlovsky was far from his homeland. He asked the command to send him to the rear of the Nazi invaders, to his native Belarusian land. The request was granted - and since May 1942 he has been in the homeland occupied by the Nazis.
And here again Orlovsky partisans in the same forests as twenty years ago. The organizer and commander of the partisan detachment of the NKGB of the USSR "Sokol", whose fighters derailed 16 echelons, smashed more than 100 wagons and platforms, blew up 41 vehicles, 4 industrial enterprises, two bridges, 10 km of railroad tracks, damaged 18 km of telephone and telegraph lines, defeated two enemy garrisons. From 1942 to August 1943, he led a sabotage and reconnaissance group of partisans in the territory of the former Baranovichi region, where he showed high organizational skills, courage and heroism, for which in 1944, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In this operation, he was seriously injured, as a result of which his arms were amputated.
After the war, he returned to his homeland, headed the Rassvet collective farm, which became one of the most advanced in the country. Under the leadership of Orlovsky, the collective farm grew into a large diversified farm with high level culture, agriculture and animal husbandry. For success in the development and rise Agriculture By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Orlovskaya is worthy of the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Since 1950, Kirill Prokofievich was repeatedly elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the BSSR.
The name of Kirill Orlovsky was given to the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirovsky district. A street in Bobruisk is named after him. On the territory of the Lenin sanatorium there is a stele with an inscription indicating that here in 1964, 1966 and 1968 Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was treated and organized the planting of chestnut alleys, in which students from
Thanks to Comrade Merkulov, People's Commissar of State Security, and Comrade Sudoplatov, Head of the 4th Directorate, I live very well financially. Morally - bad.
The party of Lenin - Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical handicaps (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?
To moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful labor.
Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted the possible time to work on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, by the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.
I used my stay at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, to the fullest in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that the organization of an exemplary collective farm can provide.
If the Government of the USSR had released a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in merchandise terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:
1. From a hundred forage cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms per forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the% fat content of milk.
2. Sow not less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 obtain not less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June-July of this year there will be no rain. If it rains, then the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70-80 centners.
4. In 1950, collective farm forces will plant a fruit garden on a hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that agrotechnical science has developed.
5. By 1948, three snow-retaining strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred families of bee farms.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:
1) shed for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) shed for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) shed for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storage of agricultural machinery, inventory and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
8) a power plant, with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bath - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) a house for a kindergarten - 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick lining of walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silage;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the efforts of the collective farmers and at the expense of the collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a latrine and a small shed for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-organized, cultural settlement, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.
I must say that the gross income of the collective farm "Red Partizan" in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.
According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.
Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my members of the collective farm to such an extent that it will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and devoted to the party of Lenin and Stalin people.
Before writing this statement to you and assuming these obligations, I thought it over many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I would do the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this economy would be indicative economy for the collective farmers of Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, on sending me to this work and granting me the loan I requested.
If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.
Application:
1. Description of the collective farm "Red Partisan" of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map indicating the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the redeemed loan.
Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944 Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, house number 10a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46"
