Georgians (3 million 670 thousand people; self-name Kartveli) belong to the South Caucasian (Kartvelian) group of the Iberian-Caucasian family of peoples; make up the main population of Georgia; also live in other areas former USSR; several thousand Muslim Georgians live in Turkey and Iran.

The formation of the Georgian people began in ancient times. In the early Middle Ages, based on the merger of mainly three related tribal groups: the Karts, who inhabited Eastern and Southwestern Georgia; Megrelo-chans (Megrelo-Lazis) - the main population of the South-Eastern and Eastern Black Sea coast and Svans - mountaineers of Central Georgia - the Georgian nationality was formed. In the 5th century in Eastern Georgia, writing is born and literature arises. Since that time, in the development of the Georgian literary language all the Kartvelian tribes begin to take an active part. The formation of the modern Georgian nation began in the 19th century. in an era of intensive development of bourgeois relations on the territory of the Russian Empire.

The anthroponymy of the Georgians reflected all the difficulties of their historical path. The sources of the Georgian personal name are very diverse. In the conditions of close and long-term communication of Georgians with the peoples of neighboring regions and state formations(North Caucasus, Armenia, Iran, Byzantium, Arab Caliphate, etc.) foreign names were included in the Georgian anthroponymic "repertoire" in the traditions of local cultural and linguistic features. The early adoption of Christianity from Byzantium brought church names that became mandatory.

Names dating back to oral folk art were distributed mainly among the masses of the people and, as a rule, were not canonized, for example: husband. Mghelika'wolf cub', Dzaglika'puppy', 'dog', female Mzekala'sun-virgin'. The names of this type also include such as the still popular husband. Badri, Mindia, female Dali, Tsiala. Most of them are the product of the actual Georgian (Kartvelian) word formation. Especially numerous is the fund of Georgian anthroponyms that existed in the past in certain ethnographic groups of the Georgian people (Khevsurs, Pshavs, Imeretins, Gurians, Mingrelians, Svans, etc.); over time, these names gained nationwide distribution.

A feature of Georgian anthroponyms of foreign origin can be considered that they sometimes exist exclusively among Georgians. Such is, for example, the history of the name Vakhtang, originated in the 5th century. and associated with the Iranian cultural world, although it is completely unfamiliar to Iranians. In the period of the developed Middle Ages, when close cultural contacts were established between the peoples of Transcaucasia and Iran, old Iranian names began to revive in Georgia and new ones began to penetrate. And in this case we are faced with the peculiarities of borrowing names by Georgians. For example, husband. Rostom, Bezhan, Givi - Georgian forms of Iranian names Rustam, Bizhan, Giv, which are the names of the heroes of the Iranian epic "Shah-name". These names, uncharacteristic of the Iranians themselves, became widespread among the Georgians, since that part of the famous Iranian epic, in which the named heroes act, was especially popular among the Georgians and even became part of their folklore (“Rostomiani”). With the penetration of Perso-Arabic literature into Georgia, still popular female names of Persian and Arabic origin began to be borrowed from it: Leila, Turpa and etc.

Even in the early Middle Ages, the now popular names of biblical and Greek-Byzantine origin were also widely used among Georgians: David, Isak (Isaac), Mose (Moses), Ekvtime (Evfimy), Ioane (John), Giorgi (George), Grigoli (Grigory) etc. However, here we again encounter the peculiarities of Georgian borrowings. For example, common woman's name Eteri comes from the Greek word aither'ether'. This word in Georgian form is eteri - as a colorful epithet, it is also found in ancient Georgian literature. Thus, the name arose from "foreign material", but received a purely local national coloring. (Eteri- the heroine of the famous medieval Georgian love epic "Eteriani".)

Georgian names, especially male half-names, are often used in the form of the vocative case developed in the Georgian language, for example: Andro(from Andria), Dato(from David) etc. Nicknames have long been popular in Georgia: husband. Bichiko'boy', chichico'little man'; female Gogol'girl', cira'beautiful maiden', etc.; metaphorical type names Raindy'knight', etc. You can even set the time of occurrence of some of them. For example, the first carrier of the now popular name importance'courageous man' was a famous Georgian poet Luka Razikashvili, pseudonymous Vazha Pshavela(1861 - 1915). It is noteworthy that for the first time among Georgians named And copper'hope' was named by King Erekle II (1748 - 1796), the grandfather of Vazha Pshavela, who initiated the popularity of this name among Georgians.

With the accession of Georgia to Russia (1801), the penetration into Georgian anthroponymy of Russian names and names popular in Russia began. And the newly borrowed anthroponyms receive a purely Georgian design. For example, the name that has become widespread in Georgia Vladimir(cargo. Vladimir) in half name Volodya in Georgian began to sound like flado. By some names, one can also judge the conditions of contact between Georgians and Russians at the time of borrowing one or another name. Yes, Georgian name Jagora penetrated into Georgia through live communication from South Russia, where it sounded in the form Yagor(from Egor- Russian variant George).

Among the Georgian names there are many that testify to the connections of Georgians with neighboring peoples at various stages of their history - the names of the ancient Ossetian, ancient Vainakh (Vainakhs are the ancestors of modern Chechens and Ingush) origin, these include: Zaire from Saurmag'black-handed', Tatash from Tatraz- one of the heroes of the Ossetian Nart epic, jokola from the anthroponymic fund of the Ingush, etc. Many names of Turkish origin are included in the Georgian name book, however, it must be borne in mind that Turkish names among Georgians were not distributed by the Turks themselves, but by the Laz, who from the beginning of modern times took the path of “turkification” and who were called in Georgia usually "Turks".

FROM late XIX and especially in the 20th century. As a result of Georgia's familiarization with European culture, the names of the heroes of Western European literature are gaining wide popularity among Georgians: Albert, Maurice, John, Carlo etc. After the victory Soviet power in Georgia (1921), the Georgians paid tribute to the general trend of that time: artificial anthroponyms appeared, which, in essence, never took root: Dictatorship, Communards etc. In the process of the struggle for peace, which took on a particularly massive character after the Second World War, names like Omismtery'enemy of war', etc.

It is extremely rare that men and women bear the same name (cf. Rus. Vasily - Vasilisa, Valentine - Valentine etc.). A rare, if not the only, exception is the name Suliko'darling' (there is no category of grammatical gender in the Georgian language), which entered Georgian anthroponymy thanks to the well-known song of the same name to the words of A. Tsereteli (1840 - 1915).

The ethno-tribal diversity of the Kartvelians was first of all reflected in the Georgian families. For example, the Georgian surnames of the plain zone, as a rule, end in its western half with -jo and in the east -shvili. These anthroponymic formants are known even in the earliest period of ancient Georgian writing and are translated as 'son', 'descendant'. For the surnames of the mountainous regions of Eastern Georgia - Pshavia, Tusheti, Khevsureti and some others, the ending -uri, -uli. This formant, which generally plays an active role in the Georgian language, indicates a territorial or clan affiliation. In Western Georgia, and especially in such regions as Guria, Imereti, Adjara, the same -jo and -shvili, as well as -ate, playing the same role as in Eastern Georgia -uri, -uli. The Megrelo-Chan subgroup has so far retained three anthroponymic formants - - ishi(performing the same functions as -uri, -uli, -eli), -ava and -ia, for example: Jashi, Tandilava, Kiria etc. The last two suffixes are probably of late origin, and their anthroponymic functions are not entirely clear. A typical ending for Svan surnames is -iani and -ani, for example: Kopaliani, Gulbani etc.; the functions of these formants are the same as -uri, -ate, i.e., they indicate territorial or tribal affiliation.

Many roots of Georgian surnames, as well as in the anthroponymy of other peoples of the world, carry a certain semantic load. They can often be used to trace the centuries-old ethnic processes that actively took place in the context of contacts between Georgians and neighboring peoples. For example, family roots Khurtsidze and Sturua obviously of Ossetian origin (cf., respectively, Ossetian. khurts'hot' and styr'big', 'great'); among the Georgian surnames of Abkhazian origin, one can indicate not only such as Abkhazava, which needs no etymology, but also Machabeli from an Abkhaz surname Achba; surnames of Adyghe origin include Abzianidze, Kashibadze and some others. In Eastern Georgia, there are many surnames of Dagestan origin, for example Lekiashvili from leki- the general name of the Dagestanis in the Georgian language; Vainakh - Malsagashvili, Kistiauri etc.; Azerbaijani - Tatarishvili; Armenian - Somkhishvili from some-hee- Georgian name of Armenians, etc.

Georgian male patronymics are formed by adding to the father's name in genitive case the words jo'son': Ivane Petres-dze etc. Female patronymics in Georgian also retained an archaic form in the form of joining the father's name in the genitive case of the ancient Georgian word, which is almost out of use in modern speech, -asuli(adequate to old Russian daughter): Marina Costas Azuli etc. However, patronymics in live communication of Georgians are practically excluded. They are usually used in official documents. In party and Soviet institutions, often in official business situations, they use the word amhanagi'comrade', while calling a person only by his last name. In family and everyday communication, as well as in academic circles, the appeal mainly contains the word batono(equivalent most of all to Russian sir and Polish pan) in combination exclusively with the name, regardless of the age, rank, position, etc. of the person being addressed.

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

among famous Georgians

LIE on the sofa

five SAUCERS

more than FIFTY rubles

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Incorrect: five SAUCERS. You need to say SAUCER.

Regarding the “Georgians” Since there is no universal rule for declining nationalities, one should refer to spelling dictionaries whenever you are not sure how to write correctly. Here are a few words denoting nationalities, in the genitive case of which mistakes are made most often: Georgians - (whom?) Georgians (not Georgians!), As well as Ossetians - Ossetians, Lezgins - Lezgins, Bashkirs - Bashkirs, and so on. But the words in which they make a mistake on the contrary: Abkhazians - (whom?) Abkhazians (not Abkhazians!), Chechens - Chechens, Tajiks - Tajiks, Kalmyks - Kalmyks, Kirghiz - Kirghiz and so on. There are nationalities that allow both forms: Buryats - Buryats and Buryats, Turkmens - Turkmens and Turkmens.

Answer: saucer.

Answer: saucer

Rule: Task 7. Morphological norms of word formation and inflection

General concept of morphological norms.

Morphological norms are the norms for the correct formation of grammatical forms of words of different parts of speech(gender forms, numbers, short forms and degrees of comparison of adjectives and many others).

The morphological norm regulates word formation and inflection. These norms are necessarily studied in the school course of the Russian language and are checked in task 6 of the USE. In morphology (as well as in syntax and pronunciation) there are strong and weak norms. The strong ones are respected by everyone who speaks Russian as a native language. Weak ones are easily influenced from the outside, poorly absorbed and often distorted. Their presence is determined by many reasons, in particular, the peculiarities of the development of the phonetic and grammatical systems of the Russian language. So, the norms of education and changes in participles, gerunds, adjectives and other parts of speech that existed back in the time of Leo Tolstoy have changed significantly in our days. It should be noted that for a fairly large list of words there are, on the one hand - colloquial forms, and on the other hand - literary, written. But along with this, there are also such forms that are unacceptable even in colloquial speech and are a gross violation of morphological norms. Anyone who consults dictionaries knows that in explanatory dictionaries there are certainly marks “colloquial”, which means colloquial, and others indicating the normative use of the form of the word in a particular style of speech.

In the tasks selected in the exam, students are required to find a word with an error and change it so that it meets the literary, written norm.

The normative nature of the use of a particular word is checked according to the current modern dictionaries, and not on the "Internet" or "Wikipedia". Words allowing two literary norms, (and this happens!) As a rule, they are not presented in tasks.

So, in the tasks from the FIPI bank, in the manuals of various authors, as well as in the exam materials of past years, there are examples of errors in education and use:

NOUNS (gender, number, case)

ADJECTIVES (education comparative degree)

NUMBER NAMES (case forms)

PRONOUNS (case forms)

Rubik asks Valiko:
- Listen, Valiko, why are you so black?
- You know, dear, when I was supposed to be born, my mother saw a black man, got scared and ran away.
- Listen, Valiko, I'm the only one for you. smart thing I'll tell you, but don't be offended. It seems to me that the Negro caught up with your mother.

The police ask the crook:
- So you still claim that you are a Latvian, because you were born in Riga?
- Kaneshno, darling!
- In your opinion, if kittens are bred in a stable, then they are horses?

He buried his Georgian wife, walks slowly from the cemetery and repeats in deep sadness:
- Eh, all alone ...?! Wai, all alone...?!
As a result, the true meaning of the situation in which he found himself gradually dawned on him. The step accelerated, shoulders and mustaches straightened, sadness was replaced by joy:
- Wow, just one…!!! Wow, all alone…!!!

On the eve of Christmas, Georgians and Russians pray in the church. Russian:
- Lord, make sure that I get the thirteenth salary!
Georgian:
- Gentlemen, make me sell all the oranges!
These prayers continue for some time, after which the Georgian turns to the Russian and asks:
- Listen, how much is your thirteenth salary?
- Five hundred rubles - the Russian answers.
- Listen, here's five hundred rubles for you, and don't worry gentlemen over trifles!

Georgian judge. Judge to defendant:
- Do you plead guilty to gang rape?
- Kanechna!
- I ask the group of raped people to stand up.

A Georgian walks through the meadow and sees his friend Vano sitting and laments:
- How she played badminton, how she played badminton.
- What happened, Wano?
- Yes wait. Do you know how she played badminton?
- Yes, what happened?
- I'm walking through the meadow and I see a pretty girl grazing a flock of sheep, and behind her back is a backpack with badminton rackets. Well, I invited her to play. If I win, then she is mine, and if not, then I give a blowjob to all her rams. How did she play badminton? Eeeeh…

He rapes a Georgian woman, the woman screams:
- Help! Help!
Georgian:
Why are you crying, I can handle it myself.

A Georgian sits in a maternity hospital, waiting for his wife to give birth. Finally, a nurse appears, the Georgian jumps up:
- Well! Boy?!
- Not.
- Who?

A boy is walking through the bazaar, he sees Georgians standing and selling khachapuri...
A boy comes up to him and asks:
- Uncle, is this khachapuri barking or meowing in life?
Georgian:
- No boy, it went around and asked too many questions.

Two Georgians are walking along a dark passage at two in the morning and they see two figures appear from the other end of the darkness, one Georgian says to the other:
- Let's go back, otherwise there are two of them, and we are alone!

Two Georgians are on trial for driving a Zaporozhets in a BelAZ at night. Referee:
- Why did you, citizen Sukhishvilli, run into a car that was moving in the oncoming lane, crush it and wrap it around a wheel?
The second Georgian Genikhtsvalli, indignantly, to the first:
- I told you that it was a car, and you: "A bucket, a bucket!" ...

Hotel. Sofa. It has a prostitute on it. She is Georgian.
- Citizen, at least take off your cap ...
- Take off your hat, huh? Take off your coat, huh? Take off your shoes, huh?!
- Yes Yes…
- Listen, dear, I came here to show you *bat or striptease?

Givi, what will you do if you meet a bear in the forest?
- Wah, of course, I'll kill him with a gun.
- And if there is no gun?
- Then from a pistol ...
- And if there is no gun, then what?
- I'll cut it with a dagger.
- But you don't have a dagger.
- How nat? Always with you!
- I forgot my dagger at home, I don't have it.
- Then I'll hit you with a stone.
- But there are no stones in the forest.
- Are there any stones in the forest?
- Nato. Here is such a les.
- Then I'll climb a tree!
- But there are no trees in the forest!
- Wah, Gogi, how are there no trees in the forest?
- And here is such a forest - without trees.
"Then I'll run away!"
- But you can’t run away - the bear runs fast!
- I'll dive into the lake!
- But there is no lake in the forest!
- Listen ... Who are you for? For me or for the bear?

There were two neighbors: a Georgian and a sailor. The sailor is about to sail to Africa. The Georgian gave him 100 bucks to bring him a talking parrot. Well, the sailor drank all the money, skipped it. I bought a Georgian owl for 5 cents in the market. Brought. After a while they meet.
- How's the parrot? Talking?
- You know, no. But how sweet!!!

Two Georgians are standing on the railway bridge and pissing down. One says to the other:
- Listen, Vano, let's go further.
- Come on, darling.
Then the one who offered, gets a jet to high voltage wires, he is shocked below the waist, and he begins to jump on the bridge, quickly knocking with his feet, while holding his genitals with both hands, and screeching loudly. Second (clapping hands):
- Ai, ai, ai, Givi, daragoy, since childhood you have written the farthest, wah, wah, wah! But I dance lezginka better!

All jokes are fictitious. Matches with real people or random events.

Gamarjoba! Please do not take the text below as the ultimate truth and treat this post with humor, but there is a certain amount of truth in my words! So, why should you by no means need to go to?

• You will get fat

The fact that I gained 3 kg in a month and a half in Georgia is not to blame for Georgia, but for my lack of willpower, but a similar effect in the form of additional kilograms is observed not only for me.

Georgia has very tasty food. Juicy, fresh, and most importantly - fat! Khachapuri on margarine, cheeses, khinkali, pita bread and huge cakes at every step will seduce even the most strong-willed person.

Impossible to resist!

• you start drinking

In Georgia, the cult of wine. Literally in every village and in every house you will be treated to chacha and homemade wine. When I first came to Georgia, for a long time I did not drink alcohol at all in any form, but after three days I drank my first glass of wine when I ended up in.

Behind him was the second, third and fourth. We were given wine as a greeting in the apartments that were rented, they poured chacha for a meeting with the words that chacha is good for digestion.

Over time, I developed the habit of carrying a bottle of pomegranate or apple juice with me to top up a soft drink under the table without offending Georgians. The wine was poured into the bushes. Ugly, but what can you do?

You order a glass of wine in a restaurant, and you get a whole carafe!

• You will eat animals

Even if you are a convinced vegetarian, in Georgia with such life position you won't get far. You need to either sit at home and not communicate with anyone, or be prepared for the fact that you are not, no, yes, they will feed you delicious shish kebab, slip khinkali with meat or treat you to fried chicken.

Of course, in Georgia you can eat vegetables, fruits and side dishes, but the basis of Georgian cuisine is meat dishes and to feel Georgia, you have to eat them!))

offtop. I am periodically asked about vegetarianism, so I will answer here. During my first trip to Georgia in 2013, I still somehow held on, but this year I let go of the situation and ate whatever I wanted. Over the past couple of years, my perception of this world has changed, and any extreme has ceased to fit into the concept of normality.

Long-term communication in Asia with vegans, people who practice or dry fasting, home-grown yogis and celibate lovers in order to save energy made me convinced that happiness is not in what you eat and whether you do specific exercises, but in not rushing into extremes, turning into a fanatic of a doctrine often imposed from outside.

The main thing is to listen to yourself, your body and do what is comfortable for you personally. My path is running (not yoga) and delicious food (including Brunswick sausage and chicken in cheese). Thus, although I rarely eat meat, I eat it.

If it is more pleasant for someone to starve, eat plant roots, engage in philosophy and conserve sexual energy - this is your right, just do not judge others, but you will not be judged.

• You will start talking to strangers on the street

My first trip to Georgia

• You will fall in love with a Georgian and your heart will break!

This post is for girls. If you can perceive the previous lines as a joke, then what will be written below, please take it seriously.

Don't fall in love with Georgians! Georgian men are cute, passionate, sexy. They can compliment you, give you flowers, and court you generously. Unfortunately, experience shows that most beautiful words and remain words and deeds are not supported in any way.

Georgians catch fire very quickly and burn out just as quickly, so do not rush to sell your property and move to a Georgian village with a newly found loved one. Look at actions, not words. The concept of marital fidelity among Georgian men is also very vague.

I have drawn similar conclusions based on personal experience, as well as the experience of communicating with dozens of people. She asked her questions about relationships, romances with foreigners and marital fidelity to Georgian men, Georgian women and girls who had relationships with Georgians.

Based on the answers of people, she formed the following rule for herself: “You can start a resort romance with a Georgian without deep feelings for the sake of entertainment, if you really want to, but a serious relationship is better not worth it.”

Of course, dividing someone along ethnic lines and looking at a group of people from the bell tower of their own stereotypes is an imprudent business. Each has its own unique qualities, each has gone its own way, which is in no way connected with the country in which the person was born, however, the environment, upbringing and example of other people have a certain influence on the formation of personality, therefore there is such a thing as mentality.

I'm used to blogging only the truth and my personal opinion, don't blame me if you don't like it. With my last point, I don't want to offend anyone. I have Georgian friends whom I sincerely love with all my heart. These are wonderful responsive kind people who respect the guests of their country, but if we talk about love between a Georgian man and a woman from another country, then a number of questions already arise.

About my new friend and dentistry in Georgia

How Georgians cheated me for $2000

I would be sincerely glad if, in the comments on this post, you want to shatter my skepticism and give examples from life in which you or your friends have developed long-term relationships with Georgians, or simply share your knowledge and thoughts on this matter.

Flights to Georgia

If after all this you still decide to fly to Georgia, you can compare ticket prices in the tablet. Here are the lowest prices for tickets Moscow Tbilisi Moscow (round trip) by month. You can select your city in the search conditions, as well as adjust the number of days and buy tickets online at the lowest price.

See you in Georgia! Sincerely,

Reader Interactions

Comments ↓

1. Mila Demenkova

2. Mila Demenkova

krestalex

• Mila Demenkova

  • krestalex

    • Mila Demenkova

artem

Damir

• Mila Demenkova

3. Mila Demenkova

4. Mila Demenkova

5. Mila Demenkova

   • • Mila Demenkova

   Gruzinka

   Irina

Inna

• Mila Demenkova

Lena

• Mila Demenkova

Alyona

• Mila Demenkova

Anna Romanova

• Mila Demenkova

  • Anna Romanova

    • Mila Demenkova

Nicholas

• Mila Demenkova

Sona_m

• Mila Demenkova

Oksana

• Mila Demenkova

Dmitry

• Mila Demenkova

6. Mila Demenkova

   • George

Diana

• Mila Demenkova

  • Diana

    • Mila Demenkova

      Diana

Julia

• Mila Demenkova

Julia

Konstantin.R

• Mila Demenkova

7. Mila Demenkova

Elena

• Mila Demenkova

Katerina

• Nellie

  Medea

Gala

Vadim

Georgian language (ქართული ენა kartuli ena) - official official language Georgia. Belongs to the Kartvelian group. One of the most ancient living languages ​​on earth appeared in the 3rd century AD.

What you need to know when going to Georgia? Most Georgians over 30 know Russian. Young people usually know English. In Adjara (Batumi), the majority understands Turkish. But in small towns and villages, people communicate only in Georgian. This is where the Russian-Georgian phrasebook, which is given at the end of the article, will come in handy.

Features of the Georgian language

In modern Georgian alphabet 33 letters- 5 vowels and 28 consonants. This is the only alphabet in the world in which one letter corresponds to one sound and vice versa.

Pronounced accents not in Georgian. However, there is a conditional rule. In two-syllable words, the stress usually falls on the first syllable, in polysyllabic words, the third syllable from the end.

In Georgian no childbirth. In Georgian writing no capital letters.

The Georgian language is very beautiful. And Georgian polyphony is recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece cultural heritage. In 1977 two spaceship Voyager set off to explore space. On board is a message from humanity extraterrestrial civilizations. Among the great works Chakrulo's song:

Georgian dialects

There are several Kartvelian languages: proper general Georgian - literary (kartuli ena), Svan (Lushnu nin), Megrelian (Margalur nina), Laz (Lazuri nena).

The Georgian language includes several dialects, the differences between which are insignificant: Kartli, Kakhetian, Imeretian, Gurian, Pshavian, Rachinsky, Adjarian, Khevsurian, Tush, etc.

Interesting facts about the Georgian language



• The modern Georgian alphabet "Mkhedruli" was created in the 10th century, and in the 60s of the 19th century Ilya Chavchavadze carried out a reform and reduced the number of letters in the alphabet to 33, removing five archaic and practically unused letters from it.
• The first surviving monument of Georgian literature, "The Martyrdom of Shushanik" by Jacob Tsurtaveli. Written between 475-484.
• 1709 - Beginning of book printing in Georgia.
• Some familiar words were significantly influenced by the warlike past of the people. For example, hamarjoba= hello came from the wish for victory. Reciprocal hagimaggios= victory to you. Good morning literally means "peaceful morning" ( dilamshvidobisa).
• Georgian numerals up to 20 are based on the decimal number system, and from 20 to 100 are based on the twenty-decimal system. For example, the number 35 translates as "twenty and fifteen."

Number	Translation	Formation principle
10	ati	—
20	occi	—
30	otsdaati	20 and 10
40	ormotsi	2 times 20
50	ormotsdaati	2 times 20 and 10
60	self-tsi	3 times 20
70	suicide	3 times 20 and 10
80	otkhmotsi	4 times 20
90	otkhmotsdaati	4 times 20 and 10
100	asi	—

• Under the USSR in Georgia, the Georgian language had the status of a state language.
• In the ancient Georgian language "dzhuga" means "steel". Therefore, Joseph Dzhugashvili got the pseudonym Stalin. In fact, this is a direct translation of the surname into Russian.
• The Guinness Book of Records includes the word " gvprckvnis(he cleans us, he peels us off). This word has 8 consonants in a row.
• There is a version that the word wine (vine, wine,) comes from Georgian Guino(ღვინო). Which, in turn, goes back to the verb " gwivili"(ღვივილი) - bloom, bring to a boil, ferment). Georgian word " dagwind” means the end of the wine fermentation process. The same can be said about a person: “dagvinda bichi” means a mature young man. This is not surprising, because the tradition of winemaking originated in Georgia in the distant VI millennium BC.
• In Danelia's film "Kin-dza-dza!" the characters speak the Chatlan-Patsak language. And it was created on the basis of Georgian. famous " ku" in Georgian means "tortoise". Gravitsap comes from the Georgian expression " ra vici aba« - "Who knows!" Pepelats generally acquires a very romantic flair, because ashes in Georgian means "butterfly". And etsikh comes from Georgian tsikhe- prison.



Russian-Georgian phrasebook with pronunciation

If you want to know how to say thank you in Georgian, see our dictionary.

Yes	ho (colloquial), ki (neutral), diah (respectful)
No	macaw
Thanks	madloba
thank you very much	didi madloba
It's my pleasure	arapris
I'm sorry	tell me (if you ask for directions)
sorry	bodyshi (if someone is accidentally pushed)
hello	hamarjoba
return greeting	gagimarjos
goodbye	nahvamdis
bye (friendly goodbye)	kargad
Do you speak Russian?	tkven laparakobt rusulad?
I	me
you	sheng
we	chwen
you	tkwen
they	blue
how are you?	Rogor Hart?
OK. How are you?	kargad. Tkwen?
what is your name?	ra gquiat?
mister (polite)	batono
madam (polite)	kalbatono
Good	kargad
poorly	tsudad
mother	deda
father	mother
son	vashishvili
daughter	Kalishvili
wife	tsoli, maugle (husband)
husband	kmari, maugle (husband)
friend	megobari (friend), genatsvale (literally - I am for you, used as an address), dzmakatsi (close friend, brother), ahlobeli (friend)
cool!	magrad!
very good!	dzalian kargad!
so-so!	ara mishavs!
good, good	hags
My name is …	me var...
meet my friend	gaitsanite chemi megobari
with pleasure	Siamesebit
sign in!	shemobrdzandite!
sit down!	dabrdzandite!
I agree	tanahma var
certainly	ra tkma unda
right	scori
very good	zalian kargad
everything is fine	quelaperi rigzea
can i ask you?	neckzleba gthowot?
I beg you very much!	zalian gthowt!
can i come in?	neckzleba shamovide?
can you smoke?	neckzleba movtsio?
this is too much!	es ukve nametania!
horror!	sashinelebaa!
strange!	utsnauria!
sorry, I'm in a hurry!	ukatsravad, swordsman!
What would you like?	ra wrath?
nothing!	araperi!
I want to see the city	minda calakis datvaliereba
You are very kind	tkven dzalian tavaziani brdzandebit
in no case!	aravitar shemthvevashi!
it is forbidden!	ar neckzleba!
don't think	aramgonia
I don't want!	ar minda!
you are wrong!	tkven tsdebit!
I am very happy!	Zalian Miharia!
How much does it cost?	ra hirs?
what it is?	es ra aris?
I will buy it	me amas wikidi
you have…	twen haakwt…?
open	chiaa
closed	dacethylia
a little, a little	tsota
a little bit	tsotati
a lot of	bevry
all	khwela
bread	puri
drink	sasmeli, dasalebi (alcohol)
coffee	kava
tea	teas
juice	tsweni
water	tskkhali
wine	Guino
meat	hortsy
salt	marili
pepper	pilpili
where…?	aris garden...?
how much does the ticket cost?	ra ghirs tickets?
train	matarebeli (from tareba - to lead)
underground	metro
the airport	airporti
railway station	rkinigzis sadguri
bus station	autosadguri
departure	gasvla
arrival	chamosvla
hotel	sastamro
room	otahi
the passport	passports
left	martskhniv
right	marginal
directly	pirdapir
up	zemot
way down	kvemot
long away	shores
close	ahlos
map	hand
mail	post
museum	museumi
bank	banks
militia	police
hospital	saavadmkhopo, first-aid posts
pharmacy	aptiacs
score	shop
restaurant	restaurants
church	eklesia
the outside	heap
young woman	gogon
young man	akhalgazrdav

date and time

what time is it now?	romeli saatia?
day	dghe
a week	queer
month	TVE
year	goals
Monday	orshabati
Tuesday	samshabati
Wednesday	otkhshabati
Thursday	Khutshabati
Friday	paraskavi
Saturday	Shabbat
Sunday	queer
winter	deputies
Spring	gazapkhuli
summer	puffed up
autumn	shemodgoma

Numerals

1	erty
2	ori
3	themselves
4	othi
5	huti
6	ekvsi
7	shvidi
8	moat
9	tskhra
10	ati
11	tertmeti
12	slow down
13	tsameti
14	totkhmeti
15	thutmeti
16	tekvsmeti
17	tsvidmeti
18	tvrameti
19	tskhrameti
20	otsi
30	give back
40	ormotsi
50	ormotsdaati
100	ace