- (lat., from exprimere to express). Expressiveness: in painting, in music, stage acting, etc. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. EXPRESSION expressiveness, advantage. in the stage game and painting. Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

expression- expressiveness; the power of expressing feelings, experiences. Expressive reactions are an external manifestation of a person's emotions and feelings in facial expressions, pantomime, voice and gestures. Although human expression is genetically determined, it is highly dependent on... ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia

Cm … Synonym dictionary

expression- and I. expression f. , lat. expressio expression. 1. outdated. Expression, word. If the work deserves an answer to the passage of the libel, which concerns me, I most humbly propose whether to use the following, or similar expressions: ... ... Historical dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language

Expression- * expression * expression 1. . 2. Synthesis of a protein in a cell, which is encoded by a gene specific for each of the proteins. The E. process includes DNA transcription, processing of the resulting mRNA product, and its translation into an active protein. In this case … Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

- [re], expressions, pl. no, female (lat. expressio expression) (book). That which makes something expressive, which makes something expressive. He sang a romance with great expression. Expression of gestures, faces, words. "Look how much... Dictionary Ushakov

expression- expression. Pronounced [expression] and [expression] ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

expressiveness; a bright, significant manifestation of feelings, moods, thoughts ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

EXPRESSION, and, well. (book). Expression of feelings, experiences, expressiveness. Recite with great expression. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

expression- (gene) Biotechnology topics EN expression ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Books

• Gesture and Expression, Pasquinelli, Barbara. In this encyclopedia, "spiritual movements" expressed by body language - gestures, postures, expressions - are viewed through the prism visual arts; their meaning and significance is explained in…
• Gesture and Expression, Barbara Pasquinelli. In this encyclopedia, "spiritual movements" expressed by body language - gestures, postures, expression - are viewed through the prism of fine art; their meaning and significance is explained in…

). AT broad sense- increased expressiveness of a work of art, achieved by the whole set artistic means and depending on the manner of execution and the nature of the work of the artist; in the narrow one - a manifestation of the artist's temperament in his creative style, in the texture of the brushstroke, in the drawing, in the color and compositional solutions of the work of painting, sculpture.

Gene expression- transformation of hereditary information from a gene into a functional product - RNA or protein.

expressiveness

• expressiveness- the property of a certain set of language units to convey the subjective attitude of the speaker to the content or addressee of speech, as well as the set of qualities of speech or text based on such language units.
• Expressivity (genetics)- the degree of manifestation in the phenotype of different individuals of the same allele of a particular gene. Quantitative indicators of expressivity are measured on the basis of statistical data.

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Synonyms:

See what "Expression" is in other dictionaries:

- (lat., from exprimere to express). Expressiveness: in painting, in music, stage acting, etc. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. EXPRESSION expressiveness, advantage. in the stage game and painting. Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

expression- expressiveness; the power of expressing feelings, experiences. Expressive reactions are an external manifestation of a person's emotions and feelings in facial expressions, pantomime, voice and gestures. Although human expression is genetically determined, it is highly dependent on... ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia

Cm … Synonym dictionary

expression- and I. expression f. , lat. expressio expression. 1. outdated. Expression, word. If the work deserves an answer to the passage of the libel, which concerns me, I most humbly propose whether to use the following, or similar expressions: ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Expression- * expression * expression 1. . 2. Synthesis of a protein in a cell, which is encoded by a gene specific for each of the proteins. The E. process includes DNA transcription, processing of the resulting mRNA product, and its translation into an active protein. In this case … Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

- [re], expressions, pl. no, female (lat. expressio expression) (book). That which makes something expressive, which makes something expressive. He sang a romance with great expression. Expression of gestures, faces, words. "Look how much... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

expression- expression. Pronounced [expression] and [expression] ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

EXPRESSION, expressiveness; a bright, significant manifestation of feelings, moods, thoughts ... Modern Encyclopedia

expressiveness; a bright, significant manifestation of feelings, moods, thoughts ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

EXPRESSION, and, well. (book). Expression of feelings, experiences, expressiveness. Recite with great expression. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

expression- (gene) Biotechnology topics EN expression ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Books

• Gesture and Expression, Pasquinelli, Barbara. In this encyclopedia, "spiritual movements" expressed by body language - gestures, postures, expression - are viewed through the prism of fine art; their meaning and significance is explained in…

"What an expression!" - the connoisseur of art exhales admiringly, looking at the artist's painting. "Very expressive girl!" - a person will say about his interlocutor, emotionally talking about the event that excited her. What is expression? This concept is found in art and medicine, biology and psychology. We use it when we talk about something bright, dynamic and very emotional.

The concept of "expression" comes from the Latin word "expression" - expression. Not to be confused with espresso, a way to make strong coffee. In psychology, expression is understood as the process of demonstrating emotions, broadcasting them to others, that is, emotional expressiveness.

They reflect the attitude of a person to the world around him and to himself. Their centers are located in the ancient subcortical zone of the brain, which explains the connection between our emotional states and various physiological functions of the body. When a person experiences strong feelings, changes occur in the cardiovascular system, digestive, hormonal, etc.

These changes can be visually noticeable, they show what feelings and moods a person is experiencing. For example, we notice the pallor of the skin of a frightened person, or cheeks reddened with embarrassment, fingers trembling with excitement, or sweat on the forehead, not to mention a smile, laughter and tears. All these are expressive reactions expressing an emotional state.

By the way, they are characteristic not only for humans, but also for higher animals, which indicates the antiquity of expressive movements:

• rearing coat, tail twitching in cats;
• charming smile or grin of dogs, etc.

But human expression is not limited to these, in many respects, reflex reactions.

Forms of expression

Emotions and the forms of their expression play an important role in, without them mutual understanding of people is impossible. It is not for nothing that a closed person who hides his feelings causes mistrust and suspicion.

facial expressions

Facial expression is the first thing we notice when meeting a person. The eyes are especially eye-catching. It was experimentally established that even when looking at a portrait of a person in a picture, the viewer constantly turns his gaze to his eyes.

With the help of the expression of the eyes - changes in their shape, pupil size, movements, the glow of the iris - a person can convey a variety of feelings. So, L. N. Tolstoy in his works described 85 different expressions of the eyes. The look can be fiery, flaming and cold, icy, hatred and courage can sparkle in it, or contempt can freeze, it can glow with love or go out from grief.

The expression of the human eye has tremendous power, and it is not for nothing that eye contact is considered the most powerful means of emotional impact. Therefore, a direct look into the eyes in ancient times was considered a threat, and even now it is often regarded as a demonstration by a person of his superiority. And a person who seeks to hide something tries not to look his interlocutor in the eye, a coward and an individual also looks away.

It occupies the second most important place among mimic means. And if we turn again to the work of Leo Tolstoy, then in his works we can find a description of 97 shades of a smile. This expressive movement is so important in communication that there are special trainings where people are taught to smile correctly.

In total, there are 57 facial muscles on the human face, the movements of which can express an innumerable variety of feelings and moods. By the way, 53 of these 57 muscles can be involved in a smile. Therefore, learning a beautiful, sincere smile is not at all easy. In order to use it to convey the joy of communicating with the interlocutor, you need to really experience this joy.

Pantomime

Includes the entire set of body movements, gestures and postures that are involved in the expression of emotions. The nature of human movements generally reflexively changes depending on his mood. Gesticulation, body position in space, gait betray our feelings, even if we do not want it.

• A sad, depressed person walks with a shuffling gait, shoulders and head lowered, he practically does not gesticulate, as if he does not have the strength to do so.
• A happy and cheerful person is characterized by a confident, springy gait and a wide step. He walks as if dancing, and his gestures are free and wide, it seems that he is ready to embrace the whole world.
• Sharp, cutting gestures, tense, poorly coordinated movements will betray an angry person.

The expression of the hands is most noticeable in communication, their movements complement or refute what the person says, but they are always very informative. Round, smooth movements of the hands are a calm person in a benevolent mood. Asking for help, we stretch our hands with open palms to the interlocutor, defensively, we cross our arms over our chest, and when angry, we clench our fists.

One can talk about pantomime as a form of expressive movements for a very long time, and it is not for nothing that entire books are devoted to body language.

Verbal (speech) expression

Not only movements, but also human speech is literally saturated with emotions. In any language, there are many words to convey feelings and moods, and these are different parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

• anger - angry - angry;
• joy - rejoice - joyful - joyfully;
• beloved - love - love;
• despise - despicable - contempt, etc.

And if we add prefixes and suffixes, traditional in Russian, to words, it becomes clear that with the help of verbal means alone, various shades and nuances of emotional states can be expressed. This is successfully used by talented writers, making readers worry and rejoice, laugh and cry, resent or be bored.

Moods and feelings can also be conveyed with the help of words that are not related to emotional vocabulary. In Russian, for this you only need to use the appropriate suffixes and prefixes. For example:

• hand - hand - hand - hands;
• quietly - quietly - quietly
• cat - cat - cat - cat;
• big - big - big - big - big, etc.

And you can build a phrase in such a way that the expression in it will be expressed using a combination of words. For example: “Oh, what a grandiose writer” or “This is not a person, but some kind of hurricane!”

The expression of speech is manifested in an increase in its emotionality, and vocabulary is only one of the means. An equally important role is played by extra- and paralinguistics. Paralinguistics is the intonational features of our voice, its timbre and loudness. With the help of intonation, we can convey a variety of feelings and moods, and often its expression means even more than the content of the speech statement itself. I think you have often come across a situation where the interlocutor assures that he is all right, but judging by his voice, this is far from the case.

Just intonation without words is enough to express emotions, so we can understand the feelings of a foreigner. The expressiveness of intonation is used in music, which, in fact, copies it.

The volume and timbre of speech are also associated with emotions:

• too loud voice indicates increased emotional arousal;
• quiet - about low emotional tone;
• trembling - about fear or uncertainty;
• shrill - about irritation and anger;
• soft, velvety about a positive attitude towards the interlocutor;
• hoarse - a mixture of excitement and anxiety.

Extralinguistics is pauses and various sounds that accompany speech. The main function of extralinguistics is expressive, it conveys emotions in its purest form, and it includes various multi-valued pauses, aahs, oohs, sighs, crying, laughter, etc.

Expression in art

Art is one of the forms of communication between people, which primarily conveys emotional information. There is such a point of view that art was born from people in strong emotions, more precisely, those that they lack in reality. And often the expressive function is the main one for works of art.

• This mainly applies to music, which uses the intonations of human speech to convey mood. And music is able not only to convey feelings, but also to awaken them in a person, to cause an emotional resonance.
• Fine art has more complex and ambiguous expressive means. It affects the emotional sphere of a person with the help of colors, the expression of strokes and the dynamics of lines. For a long time, the expressive side of painting was not given serious importance, since the goal of this art form was considered to be the most realistic depiction of the world. This point of view was changed at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries by impressionist artists, who began to use visual means (mainly color) to convey the nuances of mood.
• Dance and ballet use the expression of movements that are no less expressive than sounds, words and colors.
• In literature, the expressive abilities of the word play a major role.
• But the theater can use the entire palette of expressive means available to man.

Expressiveness as a personality trait

The ability of a person to convey their emotional states with the help is called expressivity. To one degree or another, this quality is inherent in all people. But some individuals demonstrate their feelings so vividly and violently that they are spoken of as expressive natures.

The level of expressiveness depends not only and not so much on the situation or the state of a person, but on his. They are stable, often innate and related to temperament. Such personality traits that determine its increased expressiveness include the following:

• excitability nervous system; the predominance of excitation over inhibition, which is characteristic;
• mobility of nervous processes, which leads to a rapid change in mood;
• high speed of reactions - instantly all feelings are reflected on the face, in movements and intonation;
• high level of activity - energetic and active sanguine people, as a rule, are more expressive than phlegmatic people;
• sensitivity of the nervous system, which leads to violent emotional reactions to even minor stimuli.

Expressiveness of a person also depends on several other factors. For example, gender and age. Women are usually more expressive than men, as they have a more mobile nervous system. Children are more emotional than adults, they are easily aroused and are not used to hiding their feelings. Therefore, their expression is much more noticeable.

Interestingly, the level of expressiveness also depends on the nationality of a person. This is due to both the psychological factor ( national character), and cultural - traditions and customs. So, more expressive peoples live in the south. I think everyone imagines how violently Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, Latin Americans and Caucasian peoples gesticulate and express their emotions. And how expressively the Indians sing and dance! Emotional by nature, the Japanese are restrained, as this is required by their cultural traditions. But the inhabitants of Northern Europe, especially Scandinavia and the Baltic states, do not differ in expressiveness.

Expression not only plays an important role in human interaction, many psychologists consider it to be the core. The ability of a person to express their emotions and control the process of expression has played an important role in evolution. homo sapiens and in the development of civilization.

Expression

expressiveness; the power of expressing feelings, experiences. Expressive reactions are an external manifestation of a person's emotions and feelings - in facial expressions, pantomime, voice and gestures. Although human expression is genetically determined, it is highly dependent on the learning process, guided by social norms / In this case, certain forms of expression may arise that have no “natural” connection with a certain emotion. Forms of expression in individuals of the same culture are relatively homogeneous. There are also universal forms of expression that can be understood by people of different cultures, and those that can be understood only within the framework of a given culture. So, tears are an almost universal sign of grief and sadness, but the form of this reaction - when, how and for how long you can cry - is determined by the norms of culture. Expression strongly influences the nature of interpersonal relationships. Excessive or insufficient expression, its inadequacy to a particular situation can become one of the sources of conflicts.

Dictionary practical psychologist. - M.: AST, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998 .

EXPRESSION

(English) expression- expression, eg. face, eyes; image).

1. Any external display, demonstration, imitation with the help of movements, postures and sounds.

2. Directly observed external signals and signs informing about the internal state of the subject. For example, emotional E. - signals and signs(verbal, gestural, mimic), informing about the emotional state of the subject; speech E. - the ability of speech to express mental condition speaker (including emotional).

Big psychological dictionary. - M.: Prime-EVROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .

Synonyms:

See what "expression" is in other dictionaries:

EXPRESSION- (lat., from exprimere to express). Expressiveness: in painting, in music, stage acting, etc. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. EXPRESSION expressiveness, advantage. in the stage game and painting. Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

expression- Cm … Synonym dictionary

expression- and I. expression f. , lat. expressio expression. 1. outdated. Expression, word. If the work deserves an answer to the passage of the libel, which concerns me, I most humbly propose whether to use the following, or similar expressions: ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Expression- * expression * expression 1. . 2. Synthesis of a protein in a cell, which is encoded by a gene specific for each of the proteins. The E. process includes DNA transcription, processing of the resulting mRNA product, and its translation into an active protein. In this case … Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

EXPRESSION- [re], expressions, pl. no, female (lat. expressio expression) (book). That which makes something expressive, which makes something expressive. He sang a romance with great expression. Expression of gestures, faces, words. "Look how much... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

expression- expression. Pronounced [expression] and [expression] ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

EXPRESSION- EXPRESSION, expressiveness; a bright, significant manifestation of feelings, moods, thoughts ... Modern Encyclopedia

EXPRESSION- expressiveness; a bright, significant manifestation of feelings, moods, thoughts ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

EXPRESSION- EXPRESSION, and, well. (book). Expression of feelings, experiences, expressiveness. Recite with great expression. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

expression- (gene) Biotechnology topics EN expression ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Books

• Gesture and Expression, Pasquinelli, Barbara. In this encyclopedia, "spiritual movements" expressed by body language - gestures, postures, expression - are viewed through the prism of fine art; their meaning and significance is explained in…

Expression is a concept synonymous with expressiveness, intensity, brightness of manifestation and presentation of one's own emotional state, feelings, experiences. In addition, the term expression can be used to refer to indirect messages and thoughts of a person in a non-verbal form (tears, hysteria, exclamations, etc.). Those. expression does not affect the descriptive side of the state, when a person is able to reflect what is happening, but the immediate moment of being, living an emotion, its realization in external space.

The word expression realizes its meaning exclusively on the external plane of personality manifestation. The strength and quality of a person is largely due to innate characteristics associated with the strength and mobility of the nervous system, the pace, amplitude and intensity of mental processes. The expression expresses the meaning for a person of another or an event that has occurred, and it expresses both the degree of importance and the direction (positive or negative).

The expressive components of manifestation in the outside world reflect the status of the individual (acceptance by society leads to greater expressiveness), as well as belonging to a particular culture, community (for example, Italians are more expressive than Estonians). The level of development of communication skills is also manifested through the degree of development of expressive manifestations and their adequate use to create socially acceptable forms of behavior. In addition to such external factors, expression serves as an excellent regulator of the internal state of the individual, providing a way of emotional release during stress.

Expression largely serves to control and regulate relationships, allowing you to set a certain optimal closeness of the distance, change the nature of the interaction. So, expressively manifested anger will push away an unwanted interlocutor, and equally pronounced joy from the appearance of a person will contribute to rapprochement. bright expression own feelings allows you to give communication a certain form: conflict, clarification, interaction, agreement, submission, etc.

What is Expression

Expression implies expression and therefore often this concept is used in the arts. There is artistic and theatrical expression, expression in music. In all creative spheres, feelings and details are presented more voluminously, expressively and vividly compared to everyday life. In psychology, the concept appears exclusively as a manifestation of the emotional-sensual sphere.

Expression includes, in addition to emotional manifestation (expression of emotions), also a dynamic component (expression of movements). It is the latter that is increasingly being studied by science because of its clarity and convenience in fixing the results. Visual recognition of expressive movements as indicators and emotional state of a person was laid down by evolutionary mechanisms and is an integral part of communication. It is important that the criteria for recognizing and deciphering the information of expressive actions among communication partners can either coincide or differ. Such inconsistencies are explained by the difference in cultures and the peculiarities of the temperament of the nation. The same gestures and intonations can mean different things (a nod does not always indicate agreement), and the degree of expression of a gesture can give additional shades in different cultures.

Facial expressions (facial expression), pantomime (gestures, postures, gait) stand out, in addition, expressive manifestations include timbre, intonation and voice volume. In combination, these manifestations give an individual personal pattern of manifestation outside, and also affect internal organization personality. The influence on the internal processes of external manifestations occurs through the release of emotional intensity or its retention, as well as in the way it is manifested.

The expression of emotions is reflected not only at the behavioral level, but affects all external manifestations of a person - it can be clothing, hairstyle, choice of accessories. One can notice a tendency that the more a person is charged with expressive manifestations, the more striking and non-standard appearance he chooses. At the same time, the same person with the absence of emotional affect will look less provocative outwardly.

Impressiveness is the opposite of expression and is manifested by orientation to the inner world, living one's own feelings in isolation from society, as well as a greater focus on the negative side of the process. Such people look cold, detached, without emotional, fenced off from society and do not need interaction. But the absence of external manifestations in a strong and meaningful form does not mean the absence of strong experiences as such. The expressive or impressive orientation of a person does not determine the strength and duration of feelings, but only characterizes the way they are experienced.

There is no permanent division of people into expressive and impressive, because in its harmonious development, a person is able to creatively and spontaneously choose the form of living emotions that is most adequate to the current situation. Manifestations oriented to the external splash of the state and to the internal analysis must be in constant balance. In the presence of a stable bias in one direction, we can talk about, but if only one way of experiencing is available to a person, then there may be violations of the psychiatric spectrum.

Expression cannot be artificially created, as it is largely controlled by biological characteristics and is a manifestation of unconscious processes. It is a kind of uncontrolled background, where more complex forms of activity controlled by consciousness are realized.

Expression of feelings

The expression of feelings, as their vivid manifestation and designation, is an important component of the interaction of a person, the surrounding world and society. The emergence of emotional reactions is a signaling system of the body, since a change in the emotional background occurs in response to changes in external space. If danger is approaching, we feel or if our boundaries have been violated, then resentment arises or, when everything goes well, satisfaction and joy are born. Accordingly, emotions that arise unconsciously with appropriate analysis can tell a lot of information about what is actually happening in human life.

In addition, the manifestation of emotional expression can not only read and analyze ongoing events, but also regulate the life of a person. This happens through the management of emotions behavior. It is the feelings that make you choose one or another line of behavior, drive you towards implementation or block any activity. In addition to the direction of action, the expression of emotions and the way in which it is produced has a direct impact on the withdrawal or buildup of emotional tension, which ultimately affects both somatic functions and further formation personality.

Any emotional manifestations affect physiological processes, and with a not very pronounced expression, the effect on the physical side is not so noticeable. With more severe shocks, reactions of tears, sensations of cold or heat are possible. However, when interpreting gestural and physical manifestations of feelings, maximum care must be taken, since there are not always correspondences in expression. The most consistent are such manifestations in children who cry when upset, stomp when angry, and laugh when happy. Already in adolescence there is a mixture of manifestations, and with the development and complication of the personality, external manifestations can move further and further away from direct manifestations. A person begins to cry with joy, laugh with anger, destroy furniture with grief and be extremely calm when all life is going downhill. This is a consequence of the imposed social norms and rules of conduct, where we were all explained how to behave and how not to behave. The resulting ones can change the emotional expression of a person when, in response to a true and open emotional reaction, an answer that is inadequate in its strength was received.

The expression of feelings can be suppressed or, on the contrary, encouraged by the peculiarities of culture, and the stronger the cultural impact, the more it undergoes changes relative to its original natural course.