Each of the peoples has its own unique and inimitable language, which meets the destiny of man and carries a whole heritage. The inhabitants of this or that state have their own character traits, traditions, culture, and language is their direct reflection. It conveys the whole identity of the people, so the native language is a subject for real pride. And the day mother tongue- a very important and necessary holiday.

background

Like any celebration, this one has its own historical background. His celebration was made possible by the events that took place in 1952 in Pakistan. Those from the University of Dhaka took part in a demonstration against the Urdu language. The majority spoke the Bengali dialect, so it was this language that the protesters demanded to recognize as the state language. However, they not only did not listen to them, but also began to shoot. As a result, four student activists were killed. After the death of these and other residents of Pakistan, as well as a series of unrest and liberation movements, Bengali has been declared official language in the country. The struggle for the right to use the manner of communication familiar from childhood was crowned with success. Subsequently, on the initiative (recognized in 1971 independent state), the UNESCO organization proclaimed the date of February 21 as International Mother Language Day, which has been celebrated annually around the world for 14 years.

How this day is celebrated in different countries

Mother tongue day is not in vain recognized as international. It is celebrated in many states. In some of them, the people adhere to certain orders and traditions in the celebration, in others - every time everything goes according to a completely new plan. Let's take a look at a few of these countries that come to mind first.

Bangladesh

I really want to touch on this particular country, because here the day of the native language is considered a national holiday, since the anniversary of February 21 became a turning point in the fate of people and in the history of the whole country. As a rule, the inhabitants of Bengal on this day arrange a festive procession, lay flowers in memory of the martyrs in Dhaka (to the Shahid Minar monument), sing patriotic songs. A cultural program, festive dinners, and prizes are awarded at the city's venues. There is also a special ritual associated with this great day for the Bengalis. They buy special glass bracelets for themselves and their relatives, thereby emphasizing their attachment to their native language and paying tribute to the national traditions and history of their country.

International Mother Language Day in Bangladesh is a special holiday. Every year, any event dedicated to the day of the native language is prepared with special scope and honors. The government and non-governmental organizations of the country in every possible way encourage the holding of various kinds of events, trying to support the love of fellow citizens for their native language, and also do this in order to preserve and further development root speech.

Switzerland

Let's touch Europe. For example, in Switzerland on February 21 Mother Language Day is celebrated in an educational spirit. Promotions, practical classes, numerous seminars are held. Particularly acute in this country is the issue of families in which children speak two languages ​​and both are native to them. The authorities, teachers and parents are well aware that such children need a special approach, therefore, individual programs for training and educating the younger generation are being developed in the country, which are being successfully implemented.

English-speaking countries

In many countries of Europe and not only (England, Ireland, Singapore, Jamaica, Malta, New Zealand, and even on the whole mainland, and therefore native, English is. We must admit that it, in fact, is included therefore, it has the most direct relation to the holiday.At any negotiations, travel and just in communication, he will be your main lifesaver.

Each language is beautiful and beautiful in its own way, so you should not forget it, love it, cherish it and be proud of it!

Mother tongue day in Russia

In our country, love for the native language can be compared with a feeling of true patriotism that permeates everything and each of us. Especially if we are talking about primordially Slavic values, to which we can confidently include the Russian language.

There are many different worthy statements about the Russian word, but no one has expressed it better than the classics on this topic. The most accurate sayings and clearly reflecting our spirit of patriotism include the Russian writer I. S. Turgenev, who said: "... you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language." Or suffice it to recall the decisive statement of V. G. Belinsky, he argued that “the Russian language is one of richest languages in the world, and there is no doubt about it. Perhaps it is difficult to disagree with these brilliant people, because thanks to our language we think, communicate, create.

In our country, mother tongue day, the scenario of which is carefully thought out and prepared in advance, is held in many schools, libraries, palaces of culture, higher educational institutions and others educational institutions. Students carefully select the key in which the topic will be covered, learn words, rehearse. All scheduled events, as a rule, are of a solemn, patriotic and educational nature. They are held with the aim of instilling in children a sense of respect and love for their culture, history, traditions and, of course, for their native Russian language.

Disappearing dialects

Speaking in the language of statistics, today, out of the six thousand languages ​​​​existing in the world, more than two hundred are considered extinct, they do not have a single living carrier. There is also an unfavorable linguistic category of endangered and endangered types of speech (with almost no descendants who speak them). And unstable languages ​​that are not successful because they do not have an official status, and the territory of their distribution is so small that the prospects for their further existence leave much to be desired.

In Russia, about 140 languages ​​are on the verge of becoming obsolete, and twenty have already been recognized as lifeless.

Each native language carries its own characteristics and culture. It distinguishes nations, makes people appreciate and respect their indigenous style of speech, pass it on from generation to generation. Therefore, mother tongue day should definitely be supported, as international holiday, encourage and conduct at the proper level in all countries of the world.

The native language in the life of every person plays an important role in life, allowing you to communicate with others, get an education and preserve the culture of your people. Actually, for every nation, the native language is part of the culture.

International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by the UNESCO General Conference on November 17, 1999, but it has been celebrated all over the world since 2000. The date of February 21 was dedicated to events aimed at preserving the linguistic diversity and cultural values ​​of the peoples.

In memory of students

Date, like any holiday, is not accidental. It was on February 21, 1952, in Dhaka (the modern capital of Bangladesh) that students demonstrated with slogans about the protection of their native Bengali language. Their main demand was the recognition of their language as the second state language, since a large number of people in the country spoke this language.

In response, the police opened fire on the demonstrators. While trying to suppress the uprising of the people who fought for the status of the Bengali language, 21 people died, and this event provoked huge wave protests. As a result, in 1956, Bengali was recognized as the state language along with Urdu, but the movement for the right of the Bengali language to the status of the state language resulted in bloody civil wars and provoked the Third Indo-Pakistani War.

In memory of the students who died on February 21, 1952, UNESCO decided to introduce a world holiday - Mother Language Day, which is celebrated in all countries of the world. In addition, there is another official holiday that has the same date: Bengali Language Movement Day. The holiday is dedicated to the same events that took place on February 21, 1952 in Dhaka.

The process of disappearing languages

Despite the value of native languages ​​for each culture, today they are rapidly disappearing from the face of the Earth, turning into "dead". Approximately half of the world's 6,000 languages ​​are already on their way to extinction.

Development modern technologies only contributes to the process of dying out of some rare languages. Previously, it was believed that a language is “dead” if it is spoken by less than 100 thousand people, but now in the life of mankind everything more space occupies the Internet, because languages ​​that are not on the Internet are simply doomed to disappear.

Most sites are built on English language, and it is already difficult to resist in Europe the replacement of mother tongues with universal English, which is known around the world. In the countries of the post-Soviet space, Russian occupies a special place, displacing the languages ​​of national minorities.

The most famous "dead" languages

Latin
The Latin language in live communication was used in ancient times from the 6th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is declared "dead" because it is no longer spoken by any people in ordinary life. However, this language is of great importance for medicine and science, and is also actively used in Catholic sermons.

The Latin alphabet, which has received fantastic distribution, has become the basis for the formation of alphabets in many modern, fully used languages.

Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew was the language spoken by the Jews in ancient Israel. During the 1st millennium B.C. it was used not only for live communication, but also for writing books. He went out of use after the fall of the Hebrew statehood.

Until now, it can be found in biblical texts, other literature and poetry of ancient Jews. In addition, he left a mark in mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, chemistry and some natural sciences.

ancient greek
Ancient Greek is the direct ancestor of modern Greek. It was widespread in the Greek territories from the 2nd millennium BC. e. until the 4th century AD. This is the language of the philosophers and writers of the "Golden Age", and it was in it that the famous poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey" by Homer were written.

Today it is not used almost anywhere, but its influence is felt in many other languages, including Greek. At the time when the Eastern Roman Empire was born on the basis of the Roman Empire, it gradually degenerated into the Byzantine one.

Old Church Slavonic
The Old Church Slavonic language disappeared in the 10th century, appearing in the 9th and having existed for only a century. It was the first language, which then underwent major changes, gave rise to several other languages ​​and became the basis for some modern languages. It is believed that the modern Russian language originates from the Old Slavonic language.

Today, despite the status of a "dead" language, it has been transformed into Church Slavonic. It is actively used in all Orthodox churches, it is on it that most prayers are read in the walls Orthodox Church. He had a huge impact on the formation of a huge number of languages ​​​​of the Slavic peoples.

Russian language will soon be "dead"?

Back in 2006, information appeared on the Internet that the Russian language was already “dead” in fact, and was living out its last years. The main argument is the results of a study by scientists from Tartu, who believe that the Russian language is degenerating, becoming monotonous and being replaced by slang.

It is also mentioned that in most professions common and universal English has long been used for official purposes, and only Church Slavonic is spoken in churches.

Thus, as the authors of this material assure us, the Russian language is living out its last few years, after which it will completely disappear from the face of the Earth. However, the primary sources that published the research of some scientists from Tartu deleted their articles a long time ago, from which only entries in blogs and news publications referring to them remained.

Judging by the fact that today there is just a revival of Russian culture, and more and more people are striving to switch to literary language refusing slang and swearing, we can assume that nothing threatens the Russian language in the coming years or even centuries. Most likely, the article was fake, and was used against Russia in the information war.

As long as millions of people in Russia speak Russian, and as long as there are thousands of writers who prefer to write their works in Russian, this language will be more alive than all living ones, and the status of “dead” will not unambiguously threaten it.

Mother tongue day celebration

In all countries, public events are held on this day dedicated to the native languages ​​of different peoples. Great attention is paid on this day to the languages ​​of national minorities, since today it is very important to preserve the culture of small peoples, emphasizing their freedom.

Within the territory of Russian Federation today there are more than 15 languages ​​that have official status, and 37 state languages in various republics of the country. These are languages ​​with different roots and history, most often characteristic of small associations of people belonging to the same national group, which are spoken in a certain region of Russia.

There are a myriad of languages ​​in the world. According to preliminary estimates, their number is about 6 thousand. Each language is a tool for reflecting national culture, a tool for the development and preservation of spiritual and material heritage. The language of each nation is original and has original expressions that reflect the mentality and traditions of the nation. Language forms the consciousness of a person, knowledge of the language helps to broaden one's horizons, to penetrate deeper into the culture of another country. Recognition and respect for all languages ​​makes it possible to maintain world peace. Since 1999, at the initiative of the General Conference of UNESCO, the world celebrates February 21 as International Mother Language Day as a reminder of the need to promote the development of a multinational language culture, its diversity and multilingualism.

mother tongue, mother tongue,
He has been with us since childhood.
He is in the gentle whisper of foliage,
In the words of father and mother.

He is in fairy tales, songs and poems,
In the oath he is in the anthem
And without a mother tongue
Any people will die.

Me on mother tongue day
I want you to keep it
Could the children after us
Talk to your native land.

We need to appreciate our native language,
After all, we must protect it!
Let's learn the language together
After all, it is important for the country!

Let our speech be beautiful
Let's write well
Both thoughts and ideas are clear
Always express to each other!

Happy International Day
mother tongue
Congratulations to everyone
living on the planet
The earth speaks to you on it,
And from the cradle hear his children.
I wish you to protect your native language,
It contains the strength and soul of the people,
free song
Let native speech flow
Paving the way through the centuries and years.

Mother tongue is your land
It is spoken by forests and fields.
The river speaks smoothly on it,
The whistle of the steamer echoes her in response.

Mom sings a lullaby on it,
Child native speech finds out.
There is no people without language
I congratulate you on the day of your native language.

Peoples live on a big planet,
Let everyone take care of their native language.
To keep it for the kids
And speak to your land.

International Mother Language Day
I congratulate you on this glorious date,
I wish you lexically always
Be literate, savvy, rich.

Always let your speech sound pure,
Let bad words not spoil her,
The native language will help to object
And insist confidently and firmly.

mother tongue day
Today it is noted
May for many centuries
Native speech is famous!

Learn the rules clearly
Let them remember
And the keys to all doors
You will get it instantly!

Today is mother tongue day
That is why I want to tell you:
So that life is beautiful and easy,
Everyone must know their native language!

I wish our language flourished
And every year only developed
So that it sounds right everywhere
And filled up with new words!

We celebrate together with the people
We are mother tongue day
And congratulations to everyone today
It must always be taught!

Do not forget, and always remember
And repeat the rules
Our native language is very important to us
We must respect him!

No mother tongue
Life would not be easy.
How then can we express ourselves?
And how to confess love?

We are lucky with the language
He is beautiful to spite everyone,
How should a diamond be protected?
We are our own language!

The whole world is celebrating today
Mother tongue day!
From the bottom of my heart and congratulations
With this holiday you!

Our language is a great value,
We need to protect him.
Like a diamond, like a jewel
Guard from evil every moment.

Congratulations: 74 in verse, 9 in prose.

The existence of the planet is inextricably linked with the development of population and speech. Linguistic diversity tends inexorably to decrease, which raises fears for the complete disappearance of most of the currently existing languages.

Story

International Mother Language Day appeared in 1999 on the establishment of the General Conference of UNESCO and entered the calendar life of our planet in 2000. Proclaiming this holiday, the primary task was set - to preserve the "endangered" languages, as well as to bring together the cultural and linguistic multitude of the peoples of the world.

A memorable day was chosen as the date of the Language Day. In Dhaka, on February 21, 1952, during a demonstration in support of the native language, students who proposed raising the holiday to the level of an official one were killed by police officers.

Every year this holiday takes on a certain theme, drawing attention to various problems linguistic area. The following questions are raised and considered:

1. Sign language and the Braille system.
2. Facilitation between mother tongue and multilingualism.
3. Preservation of cultural diversity.
4. Illumination of various cultural traditions.
5. The quality of linguistic education, etc.

UNESCO staff determined that a huge number of languages ​​were used by the population on our planet, 200 of which have disappeared completely, and more than 2 thousand are on the verge of extinction, and only about 6 thousand languages ​​are used.

In every country there are languages ​​that may disappear with the death of their last speakers. The countries with the highest number of dying languages ​​now are Indonesia, India, China, Brazil, Mexico, USA.

The reasons for the disappearance of the language are very diverse:

• decline in fertility;
• wars;
• deportation;
• migration;
• epidemics;
• language mixing.

AT modern world Added to these factors is the emergence of dominant languages, the knowledge of which is more advantageous.

The disappearance of languages ​​is dangerous not only from a linguistic point of view. Entire cultural layers may disappear due to the loss of traditions and folk art, which are directly related to the history of the language.

Traditions

On this day, employees of all UNESCO branches organize language events, various conferences, seminars, exhibitions, concerts are held in all countries.

In Russia, many schools have lessons that introduce children to the linguistic history of our planet and the topic of the disappearance of languages. Teachers tell why some languages ​​are "erased from the face of the Earth", teach children to love and respect both their native language and foreign ones.

Photo: Ivaylo Sarayski/Rusmediabank.ru

There are many holidays in the world that do not gather families and friends at the table, do not cause stormy feasts and toasts, but by their very existence they remind of something important. It is to this category that today's date can be attributed - on February 21, Mother Language Day is celebrated all over the world. And it's true: the date is significant and makes you wonder - what is my native language? We invite you to take a closer look at the history of this holiday, as well as learn a few interesting facts about the language that unites the readers of MyJane - Russian.

How did Mother Tongue Day come about?

It turns out that this date appeared on the calendar quite recently - in 2000, after the announcement of the corresponding decision by UNESCO. It was not chosen by chance and, unfortunately, recalls very unhappy events: on February 21, 1952, in Dhaka (today it is the capital of Bangladesh), young people died from police bullets - students who went to a rally to protect the Bengali language, which was their native language. The youth demanded that the authorities recognize Bengali as one of the state languages.

What is the uniqueness of the native language? The fact that it is he who leaves an indelible imprint on the understanding of the world by man - and this will always be felt, even if he decides to learn other languages. The native language gives a person a special vision of things and circumstances. That is why the study of other languages ​​is so enriching - we learn to see (although not to the same extent as native speakers) how they look at the world representatives of another country.

How is Mother Language Day celebrated?

Every year, UNESCO proposes to celebrate this date from new topic. Yes, in different time February 21 was dedicated to Braille and sign language, the connection between the native language and multilingualism, the protection of the intangible heritage that language is, and others. How to join this date? At least by reading this article, and perhaps someone will want to deepen their knowledge of linguistics, philology, or study new things. In any case, to celebrate this date, it is worth learning to be tolerant and respectful of people who speak other languages, even those that are rare and unpopular in their homeland.

Incidentally, the problem of the disappearance of some of them is quite acute. So, there is a division of languages ​​​​depending on the level of the threat of extinction - according to it, languages ​​\u200b\u200bare distributed into 6 categories, starting with those that are not threatened with death, and ending with extinct dialects. So, in the group of “safe” (those where they are spoken by all generations and their transmission is not disturbed in any way), experts included English, French, German, Spanish, and Russian. The group of “vulnerable” (such languages ​​are spoken infrequently or only at home) included Belarusian, Chuvash, Latgalian, Adyghe, Yiddish, etc. We will not list all of them, we will only say that there are languages ​​that are on the verge of extinction - when the native adverbs are spoken only by old people, and even then infrequently. These languages ​​include Orok (the language of a small people of the Far North, Siberia and Far East), Vodsky (belongs to the Vod people from the Leningrad region), Tofalar (its carriers are representatives of the Turkic people living in Irkutsk region), etc. The number of speakers in these languages ​​is no more than ... 100 people - it is not surprising if you see their names for the first time.

Interesting facts about the Russian language

Russian is in the top ten according to many criteria: for example, it is the 2nd most popular language on the Internet (according to 2013 data); 4th among the most translated languages; 5th in the world in terms of the number of speakers; 7th among the languages ​​into which most books are translated; 8th in the number of people who own it as a native.

In total, 260 million people speak Russian. Moreover, this number has more than doubled over the past 110 years: in 1900, there were “only” 105 million Russian speakers.

And finally, let's unwind a little: did you know that in Russian there are words for the letter Y, and there are several of them? These are the names of cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Ylymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-Kyuyol.

There are many words in Russian that start with the letter Y - and this is not only iodine and yoga. There are 74 of them!

In “great and mighty” there are words with 3 letters “e” in a row: this is “long-necked” (and other “-necks”, “short-necked”, etc.) and “serpent-eater”.

To master the difficult-to-pronounce phrase "I love you," English speakers use the mnemonic "Yellow-blue bus."

Oh, those complicated words "dress" and "put on"! They are always confused! Meanwhile, there is a rather simple mnemonic rule: "They put on Hope, but put on clothes." It is noteworthy that Nadya, who works as a Russian language teacher at school, from “The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath” drops with an error: “My