The subject of socio-economic statistics (SES) is a quantitative description of mass socio-economic phenomena, processes and their results, which together reflect the state and development of the economy of a country, region, group of countries, their economic interrelations.
SES is an applied science, the object of study of which is the economy as a whole in the aggregate of its industries, sectors and forms of ownership. The object of SES can be the economy of a region, a country, a group of countries (for example, the CIS), the world economy.
To solve its problems, the SES uses the entire arsenal of modern mathematical and statistical methods, depending on the objectives of the study and the availability information support. At the same time, the following methods have found the widest application in it:
Series of dynamics, which is associated with the study of all phenomena and processes in development;
Groupings (this is due to the fact that the SES operates with summary, generalizing economic categories and indicators, such as socio-economic potential, national wealth, labor resources, the efficiency of social production, a comprehensive description of which in various aspects can only be given on the basis of the grouping method);
Medium, since SES explores mass socio-economic phenomena and processes;
Balance and other methods, the application of which depends on the goals of the analysis.
The tasks of the SES are determined by its subject and object of study, as well as economic problems, which at each specific stage economic development to be solved by socio-economic statistics.
The tasks of SES as an independent branch of statistical science and practice (in aggregate form) include:
Development and continuous improvement (in accordance with the needs of the development of the economy) of the system of indicators of social economic processes, their results, efficiency, methodology for calculating and analyzing these indicators, introducing the methodological provisions of the UN into domestic practice;
Development and justification of sources for obtaining information on each indicator of the system;
Characteristics of the socio-economic potential and its components: labor, material and technical, natural resource and others based on the developed methodology for their assessment and analysis;
Feature labor resources and economically active population, the functioning of the labor market, employment and unemployment; definition of damage from unemployment;
Characteristics of national wealth, produced and non-produced, tangible and intangible assets (fixed and circulating assets, household property, natural and other resources) - carriers of socio-economic potential;
Feature government controlled, its effectiveness and role in providing economic security;
Characteristics of economic activity and its results based on the development of a system of indicators and methodology for their calculation; a special problem in this case is the development of a methodology for accounting for the results of the functioning of the so-called shadow economy;
Characteristics of current and advanced costs (investments) in the economy;
Characteristics of finance, prices and inflation;
Description of the standard of living of the population, etc.
Classifications in the SNA.
SNS - modern system information used to describe and analyze the development of a market economy at the macro level. The SNA uses some important accounting techniques. Its purpose is to provide information for the adoption management decisions, for the economy as a whole, i.e. "national accounting". The term was proposed by the Dutchman Clif, who understood national accounting as a system of tables containing a systematic description of the economy at the macro level. Keynes made a great contribution to the development of the SNA. He believed that the SNA is a system of interrelated indicators of income, consumption and savings, and its data should be of interest to government bodies. In order to understand the economy and determine the most important results of the economic process, it is necessary to streamline information about economic entities in their various operations, about assets and liabilities. This ordering is carried out within the framework of the SNA. Its goals: description overall picture development of the economy at the macro level, establishing relationships between GDP, final consumption, investment and savings, disposable income, etc. The standard is the 1993 SNA, approved by the UN Statistical Commission. According to the SNA concepts, economic production includes: the production of goods, the provision of services for sale, the activities of financial intermediaries, the provision of non-market services by government bodies, non-profit organizations, the provision of hired services, the provision of housing services. The most important accounts (production and generation of income) are compiled in the CNS which are used to obtain aggregates, ie, the most important macroeconomic indicators. GDP, GNI, GNI, final consumption, gross capital formation, balance foreign trade, national savings, net lending and borrowing, national wealth.
The main groupings in the SNA.
The SNA has the following main classifications and groupings:
1) institutional units by sectors of the economy; 2) establishments by sectors of the economy; 3) economic transactions; 4) assets and liabilities; 5) goods and services.
The classification of institutional units into sectors of the economy is central to the SNA.
A sector is a group of institutional units that are homogeneous in terms of the functions they perform in the economic process and the way in which costs are financed. Based on these criteria, the SNA distinguishes five sectors:
1) non-financial institutions;
2) financial institutions;
3) state institutions;
4) households
5) public organizations serving households.
Grouping of establishments by branches of the economy.
An industry in the SNA is a set of establishments that are geographically located in one place and are engaged in one type of main production activity.
1) industries producing goods and market services;
2) industries that produce non-market services through state institutions;
3) industries producing non-market services through private commercial organizations;
4) industries providing non-market services produced by households.
Grouping economic transactions.
An economic transaction is considered the unit of economic activity in the national accounts.
According to the nature of their implementation, economic transactions are divided into two groups:
1) transactions on a compensatory basis, when the flow of goods, services and funds causes a return flow of goods, services and funds;
2) transfers - operations when the flow of goods, services and funds is not opposed by the counter flow of goods, services and funds.
At its core, economic transactions in the SNA are divided into three groups:
1) transactions with products and services; 2) distribution transactions; 3) financial transactions.
Classification of assets and liabilities.
In this classification, the following classes are distinguished in the SNA:
1) non-financial assets, which in turn are divided into produced and non-produced; 2) financial assets.
Classification of goods and services.
Services in the SNA are results of activities that satisfy personal and social needs, but are not embodied in products.
Non-market services are the services of public institutions, public organizations related to current consumption and provided free of charge or at economically insignificant prices.
Market services are services provided at market prices that meet both individual and societal needs.
Goods are products and services that are intended to be sold on the market at a price that covers the cost of their production. In market conditions, there is the following classification of goods:
1) goods produced and sold in the same period at prices that have a significant impact on the demand for these products;
2) goods produced and bartered in the same period for other goods;
3) goods produced and provided in the same period to employers and their employees as remuneration in kind;
4) goods produced by one division of the enterprise and supplied to another division of the same enterprise for use in the last division for production in this and subsequent periods;
5) goods produced in the given period and left by the owners of the enterprise for their own final consumption or accumulation;
6) goods produced in a given period and provided free of charge or at prices that do not have a significant impact on demand.
Subject and object of social statistics.
The term ″statistics″ comes from the Latin word status, which means political
condition. Initially, statistics was considered as a collection of information about
state attractions.
The development of statistics as a science proceeded in two directions. First Ascension. in Germany as a descriptive school of state studies, whose representatives (Konring, Achenwal, Schlozer, etc.) believed that the task of statistics is to describe the sights of the state: territory, population, climate, religion without analyzing patterns and relationships between phenomena. The second arose in England, under the name of ″political arithmetic″. The founder of this direction was V. Petty, who believed that the main task of statistics is to identify based on a large number observations of regularities and interrelations of the studied phenomena.
Statistics- these are series of numbers that characterize various aspects of the life of the state.
Statistics is a general theoretical science that studies the quantitative side of qualitatively defined mass social phenomena and processes, their composition, distribution, placement in space, movement in time, revealing the existing interdependencies and patterns in specific conditions of place and time.
A clear definition of the object of study is important, because this question acts as a starting point at the stage of collecting information, as well as at the stage of its processing - grouping, classification, building a system of indicators.
object the study of statistics is an individual person or a certain group of people, characterized by quantitative and qualitative characteristics of what is objectively occurring in society. Organizations, structures providing services to the population, organizing a particular social process can also be an object.
The subject of statistics- the dimensions and quantitative ratios of qualitatively defined socio-economic phenomena, the patterns of their connection and development in specific conditions of place and time.
Subject of statistics:
Mass social phenomena and their dynamics with the help of statistical indicators.
Quantitative and qualitative phenomena (Digital coverage of society events).
The quantitative side of social phenomena, inextricably linked with their qualitative content, is observed by the process of transition of quantitative changes into qualitative ones (regularities).
Development of a phenomenon in time (dynamics)
So, statistics allows you to identify and measure the patterns of development socio-economic
phenomena and processes, the relationships between them.
The most significant areas for research in social statistics are: the social and demographic structure of the population, its dynamics; standards of living; the level of well-being; the level of public health; culture and education; moral statistics; public opinion; political life.
methods of social statistics
The humanities and natural sciences in the process of research widely use statistical methods for collecting, processing and analyzing data. To develop the subject of statistics, special techniques and methods are used, the totality of which forms the methodology of statistics.
Statistical methodology- this is a system of techniques, methods and methods aimed at studying quantitative patterns that manifest themselves in the structure, dynamics and relationships of socio-economic phenomena.
The general basis of the statistical method of cognition is dialectical method, according to which social phenomena and processes are considered in the development of interconnection and causation.
Statistics is based on such dialectical categories as quantity and quality, causality and regularity, individual and general.
In the process of research, statistics can also use other general scientific methods:
Analogy is the transfer of the properties of one object to another.
Hypotheses are scientifically based assumptions about possible causal relationships between phenomena.
Statistical Methods are used in a complex (systemic) way. This is due to the complexity of the process of economic and statistical research, which consists of three main stages:
1. Collection of primary statistical information. At this stage of the study, due to the need to take into account the whole variety of facts and forms of implementation of socio-economic processes and in accordance with their massive nature, method of mass statistical observation, providing universality, completeness and representativeness (representativeness) of the received primary information.
2. Statistical summary and processing of primary information.. At this stage, the information collected in the course of mass observation is processed by the method of statistical groupings , which makes it possible to single out socio-economic types in the studied population, a transition is made from the characterization of single facts to the characterization of data united in groups of quantities. Grouping methods differ depending on the objectives of the study and the qualitative state of the primary material.
3. Generalization and interpretation of statistical information. At this stage, statistical information is analyzed based on the application generalizing statistical indicators : absolute, relative and average values, variations in the closeness of communication and the rate of change of socio-economic phenomena over time, indices, etc. Analysis allows you to check the cause-and-effect relationships of the phenomena and processes under study, determine the impact and interaction various factors, evaluate the effectiveness of managerial decisions, the possible economic and social consequences of emerging situations.
Subject and object of socio-economic statistics
Introduction
As society developed, accounting and statistical work became deeper in content, wider in terms of the objects examined, and more perfect in terms of the rules applied.
During the formation of capitalism, the need for statistical information on the size and location of industrial and agricultural enterprises, production volumes and markets for goods, labor markets, raw materials, etc., increased significantly.
The expansion and complication of accounting and statistical work, covering mass phenomena in vast territories, required the establishment of general rules for processing and analyzing mass numerical data. There was a growing need for theoretical understanding and generalization of statistical practice. The accumulated factual materials served as a good starting point for the creation of a statistical theory. All this together led to the emergence in the second half of the 17th century. scientific statistics, which began to develop in two directions.
First direction originated in Germany and is known as state science, or descriptive school of statistics.Second direction development of statistical science originated in England and is known as the school political arithmetic. In the school of political arithmetic, there were two main directions:
demographic (based D. Graunt, E. Halley), within the framework of which the patterns of population reproduction were studied, mortality tables were compiled for the insurance business with the determination of the probability of surviving to a certain age;
statistical and economic(based W. Petty), which focused on methods of quantitative analysis of economic processes.
1. Socio-economic statistics
Term "statistics”(derived from the Latin word status - state, state of affairs) was used in the meaning of “political state”, hence the Italian stato - state and statista - connoisseur of states. This word entered scientific literature in the 18th century. and at first it was understood as "state science". But statistical science arose even earlier, in mid-seventeenth c., in response to the state's need to have consolidated data, generalized by country, on the availability of resources for conducting production, trade, organizing interstate relations, etc. During this period, statistics was called political arithmetic. It was a science that combined the principles of political economy and statistics. Its ancestor was the English scientist W. Petty. In the first half of the XIX century. in the works of A. Quetelet and his followers, an attempt was made to present statistics as a science of the laws of social phenomena. However, these regularities were considered metaphysically. The laws of society were identified with the laws of nature (“social physics” by A. Quetelet). Then a formalistic interpretation of the subject of statistical science became widespread in statistics, reducing it to quantitative relations in isolation from the qualitative content of phenomena.
A great contribution to statistical practice and science was made by Russian scientists and public figures. In the works of M.V. Lomonosov, I.K. Kirilova, V.N. Tatishchev, and later K.I. Arseniev, the ideas of a comprehensive economic and statistical description of the country were developed. A.N. Radishchev formulated valuable proposals in the field of judicial statistics. In the works of D.P. Zhuravsky, the role of groupings in statistics is shown, a system of statistical indicators for studying public life. The history of statistics is described in the works of Yu.E. Janson. P.L. Chebyshev and his students formulated the mathematical basis for the scientifically based application of the sampling method. A.A. Chuprov was engaged in methods of establishing the relationship between phenomena, developed the theoretical foundations of mathematical statistics.
Currently, statistics (socio-economic statistics) is a social science that studies the patterns of formation and change in the quantitative relations of social phenomena, considered in direct connection with their qualitative content.
Socio-economic statistics, or statistics, is: 1) a branch of knowledge - a science that is a complex and branched system of scientific disciplines (sections) that have certain specifics and study the quantitative side of mass phenomena and processes in close connection with their qualitative side; 2) branch of practical activity - collection, processing, analysis and publication of mass data on the phenomena and processes of public life; 3) a set of digital information characterizing the state of mass phenomena and processes of social life or their totality;
4) a branch of statistics that uses the methods of mathematical statistics to study socio-economic processes and phenomena.
1.1 SES indicators
Socio-economic statistics is a scientific discipline that studies the quantitative characteristics of mass phenomena and processes in the economy and social sphere. The data of socio-economic statistics provide a systematic quantitative description of the various economic and social processes taking place in society. This discipline includes such sections as socio-demographic statistics, population living standards statistics, labor and employment statistics, price statistics, investment statistics, national wealth statistics, statistics of various industries (transport, construction, population, agriculture, etc.). .).
The following indicators are used in socio-economic statistics:
Indicators of price dynamics;
Indicators of the volume and cost of manufactured products;
Indicators of the size and composition of the population;
Indicators of the standard of living of the population;
Indicators of income and expenses of the population;
Indicators of labor, material and financial resources;
Indicators of productivity and wages;
Indicators of the availability of fixed and working capital;
Macroeconomic indicators.
The above indicators are calculated by various methods using the tools of the general theory of statistics. An important condition in the statistical methodology is to ensure the comparability of data in time and space and internationally.
1.2 Tasks of SES
The main tasks of socio-economic statistics are:
Provision of information necessary for government authorities to make appropriate decisions in the field of the formation of socio-economic policy and government programs;
Informing all interested persons and institutions about the state of the economy and social sphere of the state and population groups;
Providing data on the results of the socio-economic development of the country to research institutions, socio-political organizations.
The listed tasks of socio-economic statistics are in close interaction with the implementation of the program of socio-economic development of the country. In modern socio-economic statistics, great importance is attached to indicators of the economic situation, reflecting changes in the volume of production of gross domestic product (GDP) depending on the increase or decrease in the level of capacity utilization and, as a result, changes in consumer demand. Economic growth indicators indicate a change in the volume of GDP production as a result of increasing production capacity, attracting investment, and increasing labor productivity.
In addition to the above, an important task of socio-economic statistics is the analysis of the state budget, the study of its structure, dynamics, sources of formation and directions of spending. In this regard, various absolute and relative indicators are used, including the ratio of the state budget deficit to GDP to assess the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy. Another equally important task is to study the factors affecting the savings rate. Such factors are the size of the bank interest rate, the amount of disposable income, the profitability of deposits, etc.
At present, foreign economic relations are actively developing in Russia, therefore, there is an increased interest in reliable statistical data on foreign trade, in statistical monitoring of exchange rates, and in the analysis of factors affecting the dynamics of the exchange rate.
The next important task of socio-economic statistics is to analyze the activities of the money and stock markets and their impact on the formation of various macroeconomic indicators.
In this regard, statistical bodies are obliged, relying on an interconnected system of statistical indicators that comprehensively and fully characterize the relationship between socio-economic phenomena, to collect, process and provide for further analysis all the necessary information for policy development and management decision-making in the field of economy and social life of society. The study of the labor, material and financial resources of the country is another important task of socio-economic statistics, which is solved using the system of national accounts by compiling a balance of assets and liabilities.
Status Monitoring environment and its monitoring is also the responsibility of the statistical authorities, which must monitor the depletion of natural resources and provide the necessary information on the state of natural resources and the conditions for their consumption.
2. SES facility
Each science has its own object, subject and methodology of cognition of the real world. Science object are the phenomena of the real world, to which science extends its knowledge. Science subject constitutes the range of questions specific to a given science that are subject to investigation when science studies its object of knowledge. The principles, methods and techniques of studying the subject of science form the methodology of this science.
The object of study of socio-economic statistics is society in all its diversity of forms and manifestations. This connects socio-economic statistics with all other sciences that study society, the processes occurring in it, the laws of its development - with political economy, economics of industry, Agriculture, sociology, etc. In this common object for all social sciences, each of them finds its own specific aspect of study - any characteristic essential properties, aspects, relations of phenomena of social life, certain areas of human activity, etc.
But do social phenomena have such properties, such a side that could be studied only by socio-economic statistics and, consequently, constitute the subject of knowledge of statistical science? The answer to this question is not very simple. Throughout the history of the development of socio-economic statistics, disputes have arisen and still arise on this issue. As noted in Chap. 1, some argue that socio-economic statistics has a specific object of knowledge and therefore is a science, others deny that it has an inherent object of knowledge only and consider it a doctrine of the method (statistical method of research). The latter argue that everything that socio-economic statistics studies is the subject of other sciences. However, it is necessary to distinguish between the object and the object of knowledge. From what has been said above about social sciences, it is clear that one and the same object, depending on the complexity and diversity of its properties, relations, etc., can be studied and in many cases is studied by a number of sciences.
3. The subject of socio-economic statistics
Has a subject of knowledge and socio-economic statistics. Naturally, the question arises: what are the objective properties of the phenomena of social life that constitute the subject of knowledge of statistical science?
Along with qualitative certainty, the phenomena of social life are also characterized by quantitative certainty. Both of these aspects are inextricably linked. At any given historical moment, social and economic phenomena have certain dimensions, levels, and there are certain quantitative relationships between them.
These are, for example, the population of the country on a certain date, the ratio between the number of men and women, the growth rate of gross domestic product, its growth rate, and much more. It is these objectively existing dimensions, levels, quantitative relations that are in a state of continuous movement and change, which in general represent the quantitative side of economic and social phenomena, the patterns of their change, and constitute the subject of knowledge of socio-economic statistics.
Thus, socio-economic statistics studies the quantitative side of mass social and economic phenomena in close connection with their qualitative side, i.e. Qualitatively defined quantities and the regularities manifested in them. It studies production in the unity of the productive forces and production relations, the influence of natural and technical factors on quantitative changes in social life, the impact of the development of society and production on the environment.
Socio-economic statistics studies the production, consumption of material and spiritual goods in society, the patterns of their change, the economic and social conditions of people's lives.
With the help of a system of quantitative indicators, socio-economic statistics characterizes the qualitative aspects of phenomena public relations, structures of society, etc.
The subject of the study of socio-economic statistics are also the processes taking place in the population - the birth rate, marriages, life expectancy, etc.
Statistical data reveals characteristic features, trends, patterns of development of social and economic phenomena and processes, connections and interdependencies between them.
Socio-economic statistics has developed a system of scientific concepts, categories and methods through which it cognizes its subject. The most important part of this system is the system of main indicators of the state and development of the economic and social life of society.
Many phenomena become precisely defined, significant only when they are statistically expressed, i.e. presented in the form of quantitative statistical indicators. It is impossible, for example, to form a clear idea of the yield of any crop in a country without a generalized statistical expression of it in the form of an average yield, or to imagine the size of automobile production without statistical data on the production of automobiles by the country's industry, and so on.
Without quantitative characteristics, it is also impossible to imagine with sufficient clarity many economic categories of a general nature, the categories of political economy. What, for example, is the composition of social capital? This is the average value of its buildings in the sectors of the country's economy. K. Marx explains the concept of the structure of an industry and the economy as a whole as follows: “Numerous individual capitals invested in a particular branch of production differ more or less in their structure from each other. The average of their individual structures gives us the composition of the total capital of a given branch of production. Finally, the total average of these average structures of all branches of production gives us the composition of the social capital of a given country ... "
Conclusion
At the present stage in Russia, statistical authorities should use new modern technologies for collecting, processing, transmitting and disseminating statistical information.
The use of selective observation methods is expanding in the study of the activities of various economic entities and various social processes.
The basis of information systems should be database management systems, powerful packages for analysis, modern means of providing information for end use. Further development of electronic information exchange is associated with the transition to more advanced telecommunication systems using the capabilities of the Internet.
The transition to international methodology introduces changes in ideas about industrial economic activity, the attitude to the service sector is revised, the classification of economic sectors by spheres of activity is specified, a new division of the economy into sectors is introduced, new concepts of residents, transfers, economic territory, enclaves, etc. are introduced.
References
1. Statistics. 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007.-288s.: Il.- (Series " Tutorial"). Rudakova R.P., Bukin L.L., Gavrilov V.I.
2. L.A. Golub. Socio-economic statistics. Tutorial. - M.: Humanitarian publishing center VLADOS, 2003.
3. V.N. Salin, E. P. Shpakovskaya. Socio-economic statistics. Textbook. - M.: JURIST, 2002.
4. Socio-economic statistics: workshop / Ed. V.N. Salina, E.P. Shpakovskaya. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2004.
5. I.I. Eliseeva, M.M. Yuzbashev. General theory statistics. Textbook / Ed. I.I. Eliseeva. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2004.
6. State program for the transition of the PMR to the international system of accounting and statistics. Decree of the Government of the PMR No. 56 of February 25, 2000
SOCIAL STATISTICS
Tutorial
(for students not economic specialties all forms of education)
Topic 1. Subject, methods and tasks of social statistics.
1.1 Subject and methods of social statistics.
Social statistics is considered in two directions: as a science and as a field of practical activity. As a science, social statistics develops techniques and methods for collecting, processing, analyzing numerical information about social phenomena and processes in society and a system of indicators for studying these phenomena. As a practical activity, social statistics is aimed at the performance by state statistics bodies and other organizations of work on the collection and generalization of statistical data characterizing various social processes.
Consequently, subject of social statistics is a quantitative analysis, inextricably linked with qualitative, phenomena and processes occurring in the social life of society.
The objects of study of social statistics are divided into two types:
1) the main type of objects are consumers of services, material and spiritual values, information. They are divided into individual objects - this is a person, the population as a whole, certain categories of the population (children, able-bodied population, pensioners and other groups) depending on the social process under study, as well as collective objects - these are groups of people who jointly carry out consumption and jointly participate in social process. These include, for example, a family, a work collective, a horticultural association, members of cooperatives, etc.
2) the second type of objects - these are persons, organizations, structures that provide services to the population, organize any social process. Their activities determine the volume and quality of the services and values provided.
Both types of objects must be studied simultaneously, since the production and consumption of services, values, information are two interrelated aspects of one process (for example, the housing problem). In some cases, both types of objects act as a unit, for example, if a family is building a residential building on its own.
Social statistics is closely connected with other fields of knowledge and sciences, especially with theoretical statistics, which develops general methods for analyzing various phenomena. Partial commonality of research objects exists in social statistics with demography, sociology, ethnography, labor economics, as well as with sectoral statistics: population statistics, medical statistics, population budget statistics, etc.
Social statistics uses all methods of theoretical statistics to study its subject: statistical observation, summary and grouping of data, relative indicators, average values, dynamics indicators, sample observation, index method, methods for identifying relationships between phenomena, as well as methods of other sciences: sociology, psychology , balance method.
Social statistics includes the following sections:
1) study of the composition of the population (population statistics);
2) study of the structure of families and households;
3) study of the standard of living of the population;
4) statistics of income and expenditure of the population;
5) statistics on the consumption of goods and services by the population;
6) statistics of housing conditions and consumer services for the population;
7) statistics of leisure and free time of the population;
8) employment and unemployment statistics;
9) health statistics;
10) statistics on the level of education of the population and the development of the education system;
11) moral statistics;
12) statistics of political and public life.
1.2 Tasks of social statistics in modern conditions.
The general tasks of social statistics are as follows:
1) current analysis of the situation in the social sphere;
2) analysis of trends and patterns of development of infrastructure sectors;
3) study of the level and living conditions of the population;
4) analysis of the dynamics of social indicators;
5) forecasting the development of social processes;
6) study of factors influencing the change in indicators of the social sphere;
7) determination of the specific weight and ratio of objective and subjective factors influencing the development of the social sphere;
8) study of the interaction of social processes with other components of social development.
In addition, social statistics solves its specific tasks:
1) the formation of a single interconnected system of indicators of social statistics, since the collection of data and the calculation of indicators of social statistics in practice is carried out by different departments of state statistics, and they are included in the system of indicators of socio-economic statistics. In addition, some of them are defined traditional methods, but new indicators require a modern approach to calculation and analysis;
2) integration of research at the macro level and micro level for a deeper study of the mechanism of social processes, since so far social statistics is focused mainly on the macro level;
3) development of indicators, building models, forecasting for certain groups of the population: socio-demographic, socio-ethnic, socio-cultural;
4) overcoming the incompatibility of indicators of social statistics and indicators of sectoral statistics;
5) modeling of socio-economic relations in order to determine the mechanisms of their interaction in the social system;
6) expanding the range of indicators of opinion statistics, since the psychological factor is a component of social processes;
7) the implementation of special measures to eliminate the incompleteness of accounting for factors, the inaccuracy of the data obtained during the survey of the population and the lack of unambiguous criteria, judgments, rating scales.
1.3 Modern organization of statistics in the Russian Federation.
As a practical activity, there are state, departmental and private statistics.
In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2004 No. 314, the main body of state statistics is the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation as an executive authority (FSGS RF or Rosstat). Until 2004, state statistics was managed by State Committee on statistics (Goskomstat RF).
The FSGS is managed by the Government of the Russian Federation (approved by the head of Rosstat). The Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation is a legal entity financed from the federal budget.
Rosstat carries out its activities on the basis of the “Regulations on the Federal State Statistics Service”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 2, 2008 No. 420 and on the basis of federal law No. 282-FZ of November 29, 2007 "On official statistical accounting and the system of state statistics in the Russian Federation." Territorial bodies of the FSGS are available in each subject of the federation of the country (in territories, regions, cities, AOs). FSGS and its territorial subordinate organizations, computer centers, educational establishments, research institutions constitute a unified system of state statistics.
The FSGS performs the functions of generating official statistical information on the social, economic, demographic, and environmental situation of the country, as well as functions of control and supervision in the field of state statistical activities on the territory of the Russian Federation (in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation).
The main tasks of the FSGS:
1) provision of official information to the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, federal executive bodies, international organizations, the public, business entities, individuals;
2) development of statistical methodology and systems of statistical indicators that meet the needs of a market economy and international standards (SNA - system of national accounts);
3) coordination of state statistical activities in the country;
4) current analysis of socio-economic processes, compilation of national accounts and balances;
5) forecasting trends in the development of the country;
6) guaranteeing the scientific validity and reliability of statistical information.
The FSGS is headed by a leader appointed by the Government of the Russian Federation, who may have up to four deputies. Structural subdivisions of the central office of the FSGS are departments in the main areas of activity, which include departments.
Within the territory of Omsk region the Territorial Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Omsk Region (Omskstat) is located. It also includes a computer center.
Omskstat is headed by a head who has four deputies. They supervise sectoral areas of statistical activity. The structure of the regional body is made up of statistics departments, formed as departments of statistics of sectors of the economy and consolidated departments: the department of summary information, the department of industry (enterprise) statistics, the department of agricultural statistics, the department of trade statistics, the department of construction and investment statistics, the department of labor statistics, the department of finance statistics , Department of Statistics of Prices and Living Standards of the Population, Department of Population Census, Department of Social Statistics, Department of Regional Accounts, Department of Maintaining the Unified State Register of Enterprises, etc.
In addition, Omskstat includes general business departments: accounting, financial and economic department, printing department, economic department.
Since October 1, 1999, all employees of state statistical bodies have been transferred to the category of civil servants who carry out their labor activities in accordance with a special provision.
The FSGS and all its territorial bodies have their own addresses on the INTERNET to provide consumers with information:
Rosstat website: www.gks.ru
