"Measurement of time" - Student line. Calipers. Making a beaker. Explanatory note. Hourglass and water clock. Practical work. Measurement of space and time. Definition of a meter using a light wave. Measurement of large distances. Body of the report, number of dimensions. Measuring the diameter of a ball, coins.

"Standards of time" - ESTIMATES OF CLOCK COMPARISON ERRORS (BASE 10,000 km). The GI "returns" astronomical methods to precision time services. Radio telescope rt-16 (tna-16) okb mei. Comparison of hours in kalyazin and kashima. Troposphere. The main sources of synchronization errors for spaced clocks are considered. Reflector diameter - 16 m Secondary mirror - 1.0 m (Cassegrain system) Min.

"Clock" - And watchmakers came up with a clock with a fight. So it's time for me to have dinner. And people decided to use... THE FORCE OF GRAVATION of the Earth. Using a spring, they began to make small, pocket watches, similar to modern ones. So the hours passed one by one. Water clocks were popular in many countries. Returning to our 20th century, I remembered my fright because of the clock left at home.

"Sundial" - The rules of trigonometry served as the basis. Lived at the beginning of the 16th century. Münster was called "the father of gnomonics". It remains only to find the intersection of successive planes with the surface of the “dial” of the clock. Conical, spherical, cylindrical sundials were also built. You can use the sundial only during the day and in the presence of the Sun.

"Time" - Megamir. The concept of "time" in its development. Length of the year. Noon. Second. Era. Macroworld. Pendulum clock. slowdown effect. Calendar. Time zones of Eurasia. Date line. Age of the Universe. Earth. Time. Starry day. Day. time counting system. Structural levels of matter organization.

new time

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multimedia project of the lesson. Lesson on the topic: "New time: the meeting of Europe and America." Equipment. The project of the lesson is presented using Microsoft PowerPoint. Lesson Objectives: Develop cognitive activity, oral speech the ability to draw conclusions. Cultivate love and interest in the subject, history. Questions for the crossword Where did the knights live? Muslim prayer building? Metal letter in the first printing press. Building for prayers in Buddhism? Where could you warm up in the castle? A building for Christian prayers? What was the name of the warrior, chained in armor, in a helmet, with a sword and shield? Theme: New time: the meeting of Europe with America. - New time.ppt

Early Modern

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State and power in the era of transition to an industrial civilization. Magellan. Plan. Monarchism and absolutism in Europe. In all countries in modern times, the monarchy was the form of government. Absolutism. Meaning of absolutism. Efficient control system. Parliament. Similarities and differences between absolute monarchies in Russia and Western Europe. The fate of class-representative institutions under absolutism. English bourgeois revolution. New classes of the population. The English Revolution of the 17th century. Opponents of the King - Puritans. Royalists. The main events of the revolution. On July 6, Parliament decided to recruit a 10,000-strong army. - Early Modern.ppsx

New time in Europe

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Europe at the beginning of modern times. Story. Chronological framework of the new time. 1st point of view: the middle of the 17th century. - 1917 2nd point of view: the end of the 15th century. – 1918 New features in the economy. Great geographical discoveries. Task: complete the table based on §24. Consequences of VGO. Make a plan for answering the question: "Consequences of VGO." - New time in Europe.ppt

The era of modern times

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Meeting of Europe and America. Leonardo da Vinci. Rafael Santi. Madonna Conestabile. Columbus Christopher. Christopher Columbus. Caravels of Christopher Columbus. Magellan Fernan. Ferdinand Magellan. World expedition. Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich. Continent. Antarctica. Summer. Technical inventions New time. Pleasure paddle steamer on the Neva. Model of the first Russian steam locomotive. Locomotive "Jupiter". Founders of photography. Automobile. Cars "Panard-Levassor". - The era of the New Age.ppt

New time in history

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History of the New Age. Repetitive-generalizing lesson in the 7th grade. Politics. Religion. Culture. Draw. Who is the author of the religious doctrine called "salvation by faith"? What religious doctrine (Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy) does not recognize monasticism? Name the first European country where freedom of religion was achieved. Who, according to the terms of the Augsburg Religious Peace, determined in Germany which religion to profess? Whose words belong to whom: “I would rather have no subjects at all than have heretics as such”? Who owns the words: "Paris is worth a mass"? - New time in history.pps

From the Middle Ages to the New Age

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Story. Lesson topic: From the Middle Ages to the New Age. The concept of the New Age. The crisis of traditional society. features of the new society. Lesson plan: The period that we are to study is called the New Time. The previous period of history was called the Middle Ages. The concept of the New Age. Antiquity. Middle Ages. New time. The study of history from the standpoint of science began in the late 16th - early 17th centuries. Task: Remember what kind of economy dominates in the "traditional society" of the Middle Ages? What has changed in economic life? Natural farming Hand craft. - From the Middle Ages to the New Age.pptx

Europe in the 15th century

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Everyday life. To consolidate students' knowledge about the main segments of the European population in the 15-16 centuries. New Material Plan. There is manure everywhere on the streets. Questions to consolidate previously studied material. What new classes appeared in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries? On the streets of small European cities. Numerous European cities differed little from the countryside. The streets were crooked and dirty. Pigs, sheep, chickens roamed freely on the streets. There was no sewerage in the cities. Slop poured directly onto the roadway. In the summer there was a terrible stench in the cities. In spring and autumn, carriages sank in the streets. - Europe in the 15th century.ppt

16th century in Europe

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Presentation for a report on history. RESULTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND AMERICA XV - XVIII centuries. Market Square Grote Markt City Hall 1561 - 1565. architect C. Floris. Raphael "School of Athens" fresco. Chambord Castle 1519 - 1559 Wing of the Louvre Palace. Part of a building built by Pierre Lescaut in the middle of the 16th century. Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence. Rebirth or renaissance. "Madonna of the Catholic Kings" F. Gallego. King of Spain Ferdinand and Isabella With children before the Virgin. Europeans in a new light. English army. Political changes. The French Revolution. Great geographical discoveries. - 16th century in Europe.ppt

Europe in the 15th-17th centuries

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The life of European society in the XV-XVII centuries. Travel plan. Learning tasks. The appearance of a European city. The appearance of a European city at the turn of the XV - XVII centuries. Numerous European cities. European at home. House of a wealthy citizen. In the palaces of the nobility. Commoners' meal. Royal feast. "Breakfast" by Diego Velazquez. The whims of fashion. Women's fashion of the XV-XVI centuries. In this picture we see representatives of the city. In these pictures we see a representative of the upper class. Men's fashion of the XV-XVI centuries. representative of the bourgeoisie. Balls. Most of all, the vagaries of fashion affected the costume. - Europe in the 15th-17th centuries.ppt

Society in modern times

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Society in modern times. Story. The structure of society. Bourgeoisie. Peasantry. Nobility. Wage-earners. Tramps. Entrepreneurs who had their business in trade, industry or banking. Aristocracy. New nobility (gentry) - nobles engaged in entrepreneurship. Work in pairs. 1st option: tell the definitions of the concepts: the bourgeoisie and the new nobility. 2nd option: tell the definitions of the concepts: farmers and laborers. 2. Group according to certain criteria. 3. Indicate which of the following strata of the population belonged to the bourgeoisie: Merchants Bankers Hired workers Owners of manufactories Laborers Farmers. - Society in Modern Times.ppt

The era of primitive accumulation of capital

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Economic development of Western European countries. Background of the Great geographical discoveries and their consequences. Economic reasons for the great geographical discoveries. Chronology of the VGO. Consequences of VGO. The essence of the primitive accumulation of capital. Methods for the implementation of the initial accumulation of capital. Sources of primitive accumulation of capital. economic consequences. Holland is the leading country of commercial capitalism. Sectoral structure of the Dutch economy. Reasons for the loss of Holland's leading position in the world. England is a classic country of primitive accumulation of capital. - The Age of Primitive Capital Accumulation.ppt

Japan 17th-18th century

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Japan in the 17th-18th centuries Political system. social structure. Unifiers of Japan. social hierarchy. The feudal structure of the shogunate. The political crisis of the Tokugawa regime. Attempts to stabilize the crisis situation. Peasant performances. Culture of Japan in the Tokugawa era. Architecture. Tea ceremony. Painting. Clothing. -

New time (XV-XVIII centuries) INTRODUCTION The border of the New and recent history became the turn of the 19th-20th centuries: - the Spanish-American war of 1898, - the Anglo-Boer war, - the Russian-Japanese war.

In the economy of the leading European states, the most important process was the initial accumulation of capital, which radically changed society. The initial accumulation of capital, the violent process of transforming the mass of direct producers (primarily peasants) into hired workers, and the means of production and monetary wealth into capital.

Modern times (XVIII centuries) INTRODUCTION The French historian Fernand Braudel () explored the most important details of human existence - housing, food, clothing, technology, finance and other factors that initiated the industrial revolution. The most important work “Material civilization, economy and capitalism. XV XVIII centuries> Professor of Kyiv University Ivan Luchitsky () * works are devoted to religious wars in France in the second half of the XVI century. and the position of the French peasantry in the 18th century. “For a historian, there should be no interesting and uninteresting peoples. the historian himself may be uninteresting, but history is always interesting.” The outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Krypyakevich () When we turn the pages of ancient descriptions, we notice that their authors rarely paid attention to the beauty of nature ... And only with the advent of the New Age, writers began to turn more actively to beauties environment. The most important work The World History» A huge contribution to the study of the history of the New Age was made by: Professor of Kyiv University Ivan Luchitsky (18451918) * works are devoted to religious wars in France in the second half of the 16th century. and the position of the French peasantry in the 18th century. “For a historian, there should be no interesting and uninteresting peoples. the historian himself may be uninteresting, but history is always interesting.” Prominent Ukrainian scientist Ivan Krypyakevich (1886-1967) When we turn the pages of ancient descriptions, we notice that their authors rarely paid attention to the beauty of nature... And only with the advent of the New Age, writers began to turn more actively to the beauties of the environment. The most important work "World History" A huge contribution to the study of the history of the New Age was made by: "\u003e

Modern times (XNUMXth-XVII centuries) INTRODUCTION In 1800, about a million people lived in China. China In 1800, a million people lived in India. India in the 18th century the population of the Eastern countries increased significantly. The average life expectancy there was years.

New time (XHU-XVIII centuries) INTRODUCTION SELF-CHECK QUESTIONS 1. Explain the meaning of the concept of "New time". 2. When and in connection with what did the concept of "New Time" appear? 3. Name chronological framework early modern and modern times. 4. What changes took place on the world map in early modern times? 5. What changes public life marked the beginning of the early modern era? 6. What new things did Fernand Braudel, Ivan Luchitsky and Ivan Kripyakevich contribute to the study of the history of modern times? 7. What changes have occurred in the life of society in the era of modern times? 8. Compare the epochs of the Middle Ages and the New Age, determine their common features and differences. 9. What processes of world development took place in the early New Age? Have they affected people's minds?

New time (XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries) INTRODUCTION Literature for self-training: 1. Likhtey IM World history. New time (XV-XV111 centuries): Textbook. for 8 cells. general education textbook head K.: Diploma, with Akopyan A.G. World History. History of Ukraine Grades 8, 9. - Donetsk Ltd. "Lebed", - p.2-3.

EUROPE AT THE BEGINNING OF A NEW TIME

• The presentation was made by a history teacher
• MBOU secondary school No. 2, Redkino village
• Vladislavova Irina Viktorovna

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON

• To form students' ideas about the events that took place in Europe at the beginning of the New Age.
• Consider economic, political, social and religious changes in the given period.
• Develop students' curiosity, interest in the history of modern times

New time is the period of human history, located between the Middle Ages and the Newest time. Chronological framework: from the end of the 15th century. - early 20th century The main achievements of the modern era

• Economic:
• Development of capitalism
• (the emergence of private property, the use of hired labor as the main force and the development of a market economy)

• Political:
• The emergence of an idea rule of law and civil society

New features in the economy

• The main feature of this time: search for new ways of managing and improving existing tools and mechanisms.

Agriculture

• Expansion of sown areas;
• Introduction of previously unknown fertilizers;
• Development of new industrial crops (potatoes, rice, corn);
• Expansion of areas of fodder crops (turnips, clover).

Industry

• The emergence of a new type of enterprise - manufactory (dispersed and centralized);
• Use in the production of wind and water energy, the beginning of coal mining;
• Improvement of mechanisms in mining (mine hoists, pumps for pumping water; trolleys), in metallurgy and metalworking (the use of an overhead water wheel), in weapons business (furnaces and presses) in light industry (looms);
• The use of hired labor led to the formation of the working class.

Trade

• Market Growth
• The emergence of covered markets with constant trade;
• Distribution of shops on the first floors of city houses;
• The development of peddling.

• Development of world trade
• Centers - Holland and England;
• Creation of large trading companies (East India Company);
• Search for new trade routes;
• The emergence of stock exchanges and banks.

Great geographical discoveries

• This is a period in the history of mankind that began in the 15th century and lasted until the 17th century, during which Europeans discovered new lands and sea routes to Africa, America, Asia and Oceania in search of new trading partners and sources of goods that were in great demand in Europe.

Map of great geographical discoveries Great geographical discoveries became possible with the invention of caravels by Europeans - high-speed vessels capable of sailing against the wind thanks to a slanting sail.

• The first who mastered the new ships were the Portuguese and Spaniards

Discoveries

• 1487 - Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias in search of sea ​​route to India, he was the first European to circumnavigate Africa from the south and discover the Cape of Good Hope;
• 1492-1493 - Genoese H. Columbus at the head of a Spanish expedition to find the shortest sea route to India crossed Atlantic Ocean, discovered the Sargasso Sea and reached 10/12/1492 (the official date of the discovery of America) Samana Island, later - other Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti;
• 1493-1504 - In the next three expeditions, H. Columbus discovered the Greater Antilles, part of the Lesser Antilles, the coasts of the South and Central America and the Caribbean;
• 1497 - An Italian in the English service, John (Giovanni) Cabot sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and reached the shores North America in the Newfoundland region.

1497-1499 - The Portuguese Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon to India, rounding Africa, and back, for the first time paving the way from Europe to South Asia;

• 1497-1499 - The Portuguese Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon to India, rounding Africa, and back, for the first time paving the way from Europe to South Asia;
• 1499-1500 - The Spaniards (Alonso de Ojeda) discovered the coast of Guiana, the coast of Venezuela and the islands of Curaçao and Aruba, the Gulf of Venezuela, Lake Maracaibo and the Guajira Peninsula. The Spanish expedition (Vicente Yáñez Pinson) discovered the northern coast of Brazil, the mouth of the Amazon River, the coast of Guiana (independently of Ojeda), the mouth of the Orinoco River and the island of Tobago;
• 1503 - The Portuguese discovered the Seychelles.
• 1505 - Discovery of the island of Sri Lanka by the Portuguese;
• 1519-1522 - The Spanish flotilla under the leadership of the Portuguese F. Magellan made trip around the world. Were open South America south of La Plata, the Strait of Magellan and the Patagonian Cordillera, Guam and the Philippine Islands are open.

Consequences of the great geographical discoveries

• The contours of inhabited continents have been established;
• Indisputable evidence of the sphericity of the Earth is given;
• Collected material for the development of sciences (botany, zoology, ethnography);
• The emergence of world trade;
• Formation and development of capitalist society.

Negative Consequences

• the beginning of the colonial expansion of the European powers of the open territories;
• extermination and destruction of ancient civilizations and peoples (1519-1521 the conquistadors defeated the Aztecs, 1531-1534 the Incas);
• the emergence of the slave trade;

The social structure of Western European society

• 1. Nobility:
• Gentry (new nobility)
• Old / well-born (among them were the so-called "air" feudal lords)
• 2. The clergy (losing their positions as an estate);
• 3. Bourgeoisie - a new class, consisting of capitalist entrepreneurs engaged in trade, industry or banking;
• 4. Peasants - became personally free, but did not have their own property.
• - Farmers (wealthy peasants who used hired labor and advanced technology)
• Laborers (poor)
• 5. Beggars

Reformation

• This is a mass religious and socio-political movement in Western and Central Europe in the XVI - early XVII in. for the reformation of the Catholic Church.
• The Reformation won in Germany, Switzerland, England.

Causes of the Reformation

• Change in human consciousness (secularization, search for new truths, striving for new knowledge);
• Moral decline of the priesthood, including monasticism;
• Corruption of priests and papacy;
• The duty of the population to pay tithes;
• Sale of indulgences - letters of absolution.

The birthplace of the Reformation is Germany

• Start: the speech of the Doctor of Theology of Wittenberg University M. Luther with his "95 theses", in which he spoke out against the existing abuses of the Catholic Church, in particular against the sale of indulgences.
• End: signing Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of which each European state could profess any faith recognized by the ruler.

counter-reformation

• This is the struggle of the Catholic Church against the Reformation.
• Measures:
• 1. Creation of the Jesuit Order (Jesus Society) - founded in 1540 by the Spanish nobleman Ignatius Loyola;
• 2. Activities of the Inquisition - church courts.
• 3. Public burning of heretics - auto-da-fé.

Resources used:

• Story. Russia and the world. Grade 10. Basic level / Volobuev O.V., Klokov V.A., Ponomarev M.V. and others - M.: Drofa, 2010.
• History of Europe: from ancient times to the present day: In 8 volumes - M. 1994. V.3.

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Slides captions:

EARLY MODERN TIME: FROM TRADITIONAL SOCIETY TO INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY Lesson #1 D/C: Notebook entries; table "VGO"; messages

Lesson plan EARLY MODERN TIMES AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION. GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES. WEST AND EAST IN THE EARLY MODERN TIME. MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY.

EARLY MODERN TIME AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION Modern historical science recognizes the end of the 15th - the beginning of the 16th century as the boundary separating the Middle Ages from the New Age. It was these decades that marked the first successes of modernization. Modernization is understood as the processes of renewal of a traditional society, embarking on the path of movement towards a modern type of society and the improvement of the latter.

EARLY MODERN TIME AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION XVI-XVIII centuries. - earlier modern time Main processes: Great geographical discoveries. bourgeois revolutions. Industrial revolution. industrial society

EARLY MODERN TIMES AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERNIZATION Francis Bacon, philosopher and statesman England, early 17th century. He claimed that "the appearance and condition of the whole world" were changed by three discoveries unknown to the ancients: the invention of the compass, gunpowder and the printing press.

GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES Trade routes moved from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic (one of the reasons for the decline of Spain and Italy at the beginning of the 17th century). The European market was formed, the countries of Europe were now covered by strong economic and trade ties. The contours of the world market were outlined. Enrichment of social strata and individuals who received entrepreneurial profit from trade or production. "Price Revolution" (40s of the 16th century) Civilizational influence of Europe reverse side had a violation of the natural course historical development countries that became the object of European colonization

WEST AND EAST IN THE EARLY MODERN TIME “West” came to “East” in the 16th century. and, subordinating it to itself over the following centuries, could no longer exist without close ties with it. Constant interaction with the colonized periphery already by the 17th - 18th centuries. became a condition of economic well-being Western Europe. The influence of the modernizing West on the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America was contradictory. Introduction to technical, economic, political achievements led to a violation of the natural course of the historical development of countries that became the object of European colonization, drawn into the emerging world market.

Read an excerpt from the work of the historian L. S. Vasiliev: “Colonialism during the 16th - 18th centuries. did a lot to decisively break the traditional East. Invading Eastern markets, imposing his own views and principles of social and ethical behavior, dictating the law of profit authoritatively, he achieved something. But in general, not much. Part of the eastern states almost tightly closed their borders from its predatory paws. Others were his victims. But they were by no means in a hurry to adapt to his standards, accept his requirements and change the usual norm. How does the historian assess the degree and consequences of European colonization in the 16th - 18th centuries?

MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: THE ECONOMY The 16th century was also the century of the first manufactories. Manufactory is an enterprise based on the division of labor and handicraft techniques. Centralized Dispersed Artisans worked in their workshops, cut off by the merchant-entrepreneur from the purchase of raw materials and the sale of products. Large enterprises in which the production process was carried out by workers who were in the same room.

MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: THE ECONOMY The purpose of production was to make a profit. It was no longer “blood-ennobling landownership” but “despicable money” (M. A. Barg) that was the object of desire, the true nerve of social activity.

MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: SOCIETY Society was going through dramatic, painful processes: Robbers from the main road felt themselves to be a completely at ease symptom of the transitional state of society. The reason for this was the complex economic processes that torn big number people away from habitual occupations and means of production.

MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: SOCIETY Hard times were experienced by the nobility. Its importance as a military class declined with the introduction of firearms, and the real value of fixed rents from land also declined under the price revolution. Part of the nobility saw a way out in agricultural entrepreneurship, participation in trading companies, and the introduction of short-term leases on their lands. This was the so-called new nobility.

MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: SOCIETY A special bourgeoisie of the 16th-17th centuries was taking shape. Its composition was motley and heterogeneous: merchants, successful guild masters, large merchants, bankers, representatives of the emerging state bureaucracy, industrial entrepreneurs. The incomes of these strata grew, they participated in domestic and overseas trade, took state taxes at the mercy of state taxes, and acquired public positions for money, which gave both prestige and profit.

MANUFACTORY CAPITALISM: SOCIETY The fate of the peasantry was not easy. The increase in rents and the amount of state taxes placed a heavy burden on the peasant economy. The number of wage laborers also increased, and their social position was unenviable.

MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: SOCIETY The most important feature social processes that took place in the European society of the 16th century, it should be recognized that the social mobility (mobility) of the population is incomparable with the Middle Ages. social status individuals changed overnight: huge fortunes arose, aristocratic titles and titles became available.

MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY The 16th century is the initial phase of the transition to capitalism, which was established on the scale of Europe only by the 19th century. The word "capital", which appeared in the XII - XIII centuries, meant: "value", "stock of goods", "mass of money", "interest-bearing money". In the 17th century began to use the word "capitalist" - the owner of money capital.

MANUFACTURING CAPITALISM: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY The concept of "capitalism" first entered science only in the second half of the 19th century. Some scientists see the main feature of capitalism in the emergence of a market of goods, labor and capital free from restrictions. Others consider it a defining feature a high degree rationality, which is manifested both in the organization of production and in relation to work and allows you to subordinate economic life to standards that meet the requirements of efficiency and profitability. In domestic historiography, capitalism is often defined, based on the sociological concept of K. Marx, as a formation based on the private ownership of the bourgeois class on the means of production, the exploitation of wage workers deprived of the means of production and forced to sell their labor power. We also note that in modern science instead of the term "capitalism" the term "industrial society" is often used.