Nevelskoy what he did. Discoveries of the New Age (XIX century): Gennady Nevelskoy. See what "Nevelskoy" is in other dictionaries

Our small Trans-Volga region is associated with the names of many great people who lived here, created, admired the Volga expanses.

MODESTY, WORK AND CASE OF ADMIRAL NEVELSKY

Selected pages of life. Nevelskoy and Zavolzhskaya land

We have every reason to be proud that our Trans-Volga land is associated with the name of Admiral Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky, Russian sea traveler and discoverer of the Far East. For many years he came to Kineshma to visit his sister, his children spent their summers here, Nevelsky's mother was buried in Kineshma, and a large family of Gennady Ivanovich lived every summer in the Zavolzhsky district on his own estate Rogozinikh. It was on the banks of the Mera in our beautiful surroundings that in the last years of his life the great traveler wrote a book about the exploits of naval officers on Far East. Our Trans-Volga land nourished Gennady Ivanovich with its own strength and beauty.

Admiral Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy was a major figure in the study and accession to Russia of the Amur Territory and Sakhalin Island. It was he who founded the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.

While still a young midshipman, Gennady Nevelskoy liked to stand for a long time at a huge map of the world in the navigation class, studying it intently. His comrades somehow jokingly asked: what is he looking for there all the time? Nevelskoy replied seriously: “I am looking for“ white spots ”. Only we were born late. They are no longer on the map. And, perhaps, when we become sailors, we will have nothing to discover.”
The future admiral was wrong. Many more "white spots" will fall on his own lot. And it was he who was destined for his own, special role in multiplying the glory, honor and greatness of the Motherland ...

Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy was born in the village of Drakino Kostroma province Soligalichsky district November 23, 1813 in a family of hereditary sailors. From childhood, the boy dreamed of the seas and knew that he would follow in the footsteps of his ancestors.

At the age of sixteen, he entered the St. Petersburg Cadet Naval Corps, where the director was the legendary Russian navigator Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern.
He studied with passion, was one of the first cadets. Among the top ten students, he continued his studies in the Officer class, which preceded the Naval Academy, and completed his education with the rank of lieutenant in 1836.
Upon graduation, Nevelskoy was assigned to Admiral Litke's squadron and sailed for ten years in the Baltic and North Seas around Scandinavia.

In 1845, a young inquisitive officer became a member of the Imperial Geographical Society. This made it possible for him to be closer to research activities about which he dreamed. At the same time, Nevelsky's decision to sort out the "Amur affairs" was born and strengthened. He was worried about the idea of ​​exploring the Far Eastern outskirts of Russia, then little known. Nevelskoy was especially interested in Amur and Sakhalin.

At that time, there was an official opinion that Sakhalin was a peninsula, and the mouth of the Amur River was inaccessible for navigation of large ships.
In 1847, Gennady Ivanovich was appointed commander of the Baikal military transport, preparing it for sailing to Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka. His ship in May 1849 set off in the direction of Sakhalin. Before that, he gathered the crew of the ship and said that he wanted to find the mouth of the Amur River and the passage between the mainland and Sakhalin Island, explaining all the upcoming difficulties of the campaign and taking its consequences upon himself.

The expedition was successful, and Nevelskoy managed to prove that Sakhalin is an island and the Amur River is navigable. At this time, he especially felt friendly support from Count Nikolai Muravyov, Governor General Eastern Siberia and his intercession was very helpful. Nevelskoy receives permission to organize a new Amur expedition of 1850-1855.

In 1850 Nevelskoy returned to the Far East. He is allowed to establish on the shore Sea of ​​Okhotsk winter hut Petrovskoe. The Amur expedition worked for five years in the most difficult conditions. The research turned out to be very fruitful. Nevelsky and his team traveled thousands of off-road miles, hundreds of nautical miles, river reservoirs, compiled inventories and maps of the area, established military posts along the shores of the Sea of ​​Japan and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Sakhalin and the Amur River.

The officers and officials of the expedition described and mapped the Lower Amur, Sakhalin and the coast of the Tatar Strait to the Imperial Harbor. Coal deposits were discovered. For the first time, maps of the middle and southern parts of the island were compiled. Russian settlements and posts were founded in the region.

During the expedition, Nevelskoy again visits St. Petersburg with a report on his research. Emperor Nicholas I was able to appreciate the strategic significance of Nevelsky's discoveries and presents him with the Cross of St. Vladimir. Nevelskoy receives an order to continue the expedition, the results of which conclude that no one, except Russia, can have any claims to the Amur Territory.

One more thing historical event is due to the activities of Nevelsky: in 1850, his team marked the foundation of the Nikolaevsky post by raising the flag, which later became a major seaport city of Nikolaevsky-on-Amur.

All this contributed to the active diplomatic activity of Russia in the Far East. And this is the greatest merit of all the participants of the Amur expedition - they defended the Amur region, Primorye and Sakhalin for Russia.

In the same years, another thing happens in the life of Nevelsky. significant event: in 1851, returning from St. Petersburg to the Amur, he stops in Irkutsk and proposes to Katenka Elchaninova, who agrees to become his wife. Ekaterina Ivanovna came from the Smolensk nobles and was comprehensively educated. She became a faithful companion of Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky for life, shared with him the hardships of the Amur expedition. No one ever heard from her a single complaint or reproach, she was proudly aware of the bitter, but high position of the wife of a brave explorer. On the Amur, the first daughter Katenka was born in the Nevelsky family, who died in 1854 from lack of food.
Gennady Ivanovich and Ekaterina Ivanovna had three more daughters - Olga, Maria, Alexandra and son Nikolai. The grandchildren and nephews of Gennady Ivanovich adequately continued the maritime dynasty of Admiral Nevelsky.

In 1856, having made his last voyage along the Amur River and handing over all the affairs of the expedition, Nevelskoy returned to St. Petersburg with his wife and daughters. The new Tsar Alexander II received him with the words: "Russia will not forget you." In St. Petersburg, in the future, the large Nevelsky family practically lived, leaving for the summer to their estates in the Kostroma province.

Burdened with a large family, very constrained in funds and seriously ill, Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy, a powerful branch of the Russian fleet, quietly faded away in the spring of 1876, and his name was officially consigned to oblivion. He is buried in the cemetery of the Resurrection Convent in St. Petersburg, where his faithful wife rested next to him three years later.

Despite everything, the name of Admiral Nevelsky lives on, it is known in the circles of the world scientific community. Popular and fiction books and monographs have been written about him, films have been made, streets in almost many cities of the Far East are named after him. Most famous writer, who sang the exploits of Nevelsky and his associates, - Nikolai Zadornov.

Monuments were erected to him in Vladivostok and Khabarovsk, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur and Nevelsk. The most famous one is in Vladivostok. The author is a marine engineer, architect Antipov.
The monument was created at the expense of the residents of the city and the lower ranks of the fleet and was installed in October 1897.

The monument is notable for its strict beauty and elegance of form. It is made of gray granite, which was specially delivered from Russky Island. The sculptural part of the monument was cast in bronze at the Werfel company in St. Petersburg.
At the base of the monument there is a bust of Nevelsky, boards with inscriptions, and the figure of a bronze eagle crowns the monument. Throughout its history, the monument to Nevelskoy is still considered one of the most impeccably functional and at the same time beautiful monuments in Russia.

It remains for us to tell about the connection of Gennady Ivanovich with our region. For many years, the fate of Nevelsky and his family was connected with the Kineshma land, in particular, with the estate of the Kupreyanovs. It was the house of his sister, No. 36 on Yuryevetska Street, the only surviving house where the famous traveler came. In 1842, Nevelskoy and his sister and her husband bought the Kineshma estate, which they divided two years later. Nevelsky got the village of Annino and the village of Krutovo along the Yuryevets road. In 1860, Gennady Ivanovich sold Annino and bought the Rogozinikh estate on the territory of the current Zavolzhsky district near the village of Dolmatovo. Often, in memory of the Amur expedition, the couple called their estate Nikolaevsky.

In 1862, Ekaterina Ivanovna wrote: “We have a small, but comfortable and pretty house, a tiny garden, three cows, three horses, four quarters of crops, in a word, a miniature farm, cultivated by free labor. Everything that we lack for the economy, we buy in the surrounding villages and in the city, which is seven miles from us. We live very secluded, we do a lot, we go for walks and we don’t get bored at all without guests, since we have almost no neighbors.
Nevertheless, it is known about the friendly disposition and acquaintance of the Nevelskys with their neighbors on the Bologovsky estate and the astronomer Fyodor Alexandrovich Bredikhin.

What was Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy like in life? Small in stature, very agile, extremely quick-tempered, decisive, enterprising, persistent ... But despite the fact that he often scolded everyone behind his eyes and in his eyes, everyone loved and respected him. One of those who knew him writes: "I have never met a more honest person."

In the last years of his life, the former researcher wrote a book about all his discoveries and associates. It is called "The exploits of Russian naval officers in the Far East of Russia in 1849 - 1855." Ekaterina Ivanovna and daughter Olga helped him a lot and willingly, in whom literary abilities were revealed even in childhood. The posthumous notes of Admiral Nevelsky were published by his wife.
Unfortunately, nothing remains of the Rogozinikha estate in the Zavolzhsky district. Today, on the site of the estate, one can only see the remains of an alley of century-old lindens and lilac bushes, which, perhaps, remember the Nevelskys.

In memory of the merits of the great explorer of the Far East, a memorial sign was erected in Kineshma. This is a stone and a sea anchor. Unfortunately, the anchor has not been saved. And this is what the place looks like today.
Here is what Anton Chekhov said about him after visiting Sakhalin Island at the beginning of the 20th century: “Nevelskoy was an energetic, hot-tempered person, educated, selfless, humane, imbued with an idea to the marrow of his bones, fanatically devoted to it, morally pure.”
Nevelskoy forever entered the history of Russia, remaining true to his life credo: "Modesty, work and deed" ...

N.V. Petrichenko, head public relations department
I.V. Yagodkina, reading room librarian
Zavolzhsky city library

Bibliography
Kineshma. Past and present of the city on the Volga. Almanac. - Ivanovo, 1995, p. 65-68.
Encyclopedia for children. Russian history. M .: "Avanta +", 1987, 582.
Russian geographers and travelers. M.: 1955, p. 58
Badelin V. Land of Ivanov. - Ivanovo: MIK publishing house, 2001, p. 243-247.
Victories of Admiral Nevelsky // Great Russian Travelers. – M.: ROSMEN, 3003, p. 165.
Magidovich I.P., Magidovich V.I. Essays on the history of geographical discoveries in 5 volumes - M .: Education, 1985.
Alekseev A.I. Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy. - M., Nauka, 1984.
Sidorov N. He annexed Sakhalin to Russia // Ivanovskaya gazeta. - 1998. - November 28, December 1.

NEVELSKY GENNADY IVANOVICH

Nevelskoy Gennady Ivanovich - Admiral, explorer of the Amur River (1813 - 1876). Educated in the Marine Corps. In 1848, Nevelskoy, with the rank of captain-lieutenant, was appointed commander of the Baikal transport, on which he set off on a long voyage. Nevelskoy set out to explore the mouth of the Amur River, which at that time did not belong to Russia. Nevelskoy enlisted the support of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N.N. Muravyov, but, without waiting for the receipt of the highest approved instructions from St. Petersburg, Nevelskoy left Petropavlovsk on May 30, 1849 and, bypassing Sakhalin from the north, descended along its western coast; then the entrance to the estuary was found and the strait, called the Tatar Strait, was discovered. Nevelskoy made an inventory and measurement of the mouth of the Amur and returned to Ayan. Upon learning of the discovery, Emperor Nicholas forgave Nevelsky for his bold act, but in St. Petersburg, where Nevelskoy arrived in 1850, he experienced a number of troubles: Foreign Minister Nesselrode demanded an exemplary punishment for Nevelsky. In the middle of 1850, Nevelskoy returned to the Far East and, despite the prohibition, undertook a new expedition to the mouth of the Amur, which ended with the annexation of the entire Amur Territory to Russia. Summoned to St. Petersburg, Nevelskoy was presented by a special committee to be demoted to the sailors "for unheard of insolence", but was pardoned by the sovereign, who called his act "valiant". Returning to the East, Nevelskoy continued to explore the deserted Amur Territory for 5 years. In 1853, Nevelskoy, by order from St. Petersburg, occupied Sakhalin. In 1856, having been appointed a member of the Scientific Committee of the Naval Ministry, Nevelskoy returned to St. Petersburg. "Notes of Nevelsky" published in 1878 - See M. Zhdanko "In memory of Admiral G.I. Nevelsky" (1908); Vera Vend (a pseudonym for one of Nevelsky's daughters), "L" amiral N. et la conquete definitive du fleuve Amour "(P. 1894).

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is NEVELSKOY GENNADY IVANOVICH in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

  • NEVELSKY GENNADY IVANOVICH
    (1813-76) Russian explorer of the Far East, admiral (1874). In 1848-49 and 1850-55 he explored Sakhalin (he established that it was an island), the lower reaches of the river. Amur, ...
  • NEVELSKY GENNADY IVANOVICH
    Gennady Ivanovich, Russian explorer of the Far East, admiral (1874). Born into the family of a naval officer. …
  • IVANOVICH in the Pedagogical Encyclopedic Dictionary:
    Kornely Agafonovich (1901-82), teacher, Ph.D. APN USSR (1968), Dr. Pedagogical Sciences and Professor (1944), specialist in agricultural education. Was a teacher...
  • IVANOVICH in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
    (Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion Ivan) (1845-1902), Romanian musician, conductor of military bands. Author of the popular waltz "Danube Waves" (1880). In the 90s. lived...
  • GENNADY in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
    (? - 1505) Archbishop of Novgorod in 1484-1504, writer. Head of the circle of church publicists and translators. Participant in the compilation of the first in Russia complete ...
  • GENNADY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
    (year of birth unknown - died 1505), Russian church and political figure. Appointed in 1484 by the Novgorod archbishop, G. was to become ...
  • NEVELSKY
    NEVELSOY (Nevelsky) Gen. Iv. (1813- 1876), grew up. researcher D. Vostok, adm. (1874). In 1848-49 and 1850-55 research. Sakhalin (established that ...
  • IVANOVICH in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
    IVANOVIC (Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion, Ivan) (1845-1902), rum. musician, military conductor orchestras. Author of the popular waltz "Danube Waves" (1880). In the 90s. …
  • GENNADY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
    GENNADIUS II Scholarius (in the world George) (c. 1400 - c. 1468), Patriarch of Constantinople in 1453-59; agreement reached by him with the Sultan ...
  • GENNADY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
    GENNADY (? -1505), Archbishop of Novgorod in 1484-1504, writer. Church circle leader publicists and translators. Participant in compiling the first complete text in Russia ...
  • GENNADY in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
  • GENNADY full spelling dictionary Russian language:
    Gennady, (Gennadievich, Gennadievna and Gennadievich, ...
  • NEVELSKY
    Gennady Ivanovich (1813-76), Russian explorer of the Far East, admiral (1874). In 1848-49 and 1850-55 he explored Sakhalin (established that it was an island), ...
  • IVANOVICH in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
    (Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion, Ivan) (1845-1902), Romanian musician, conductor of military bands. Author of the popular waltz Waves of the Danube (1880). In the 90s. …
  • GENNADY in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
    (? - 1505), Novgorod archbishop in 1484-1504, writer. Head of the circle of church publicists and translators. Participant in the compilation of the first in Russia ...
  • THE BIGGEST NUMBER OF FLIGHTS;"VLADIMIR DZHANIBEKOV AND GENNADY STREKALOV" in the 1998 Guinness Book of Records:
    Most of all - 5 times each - among Soviet / Russian cosmonauts flew into space Vladimir Dzhanibekov - from 1978 to 1985, and Gennady ...
  • KOVALEVSKY GENNADY VITALIEVICH
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady Vitalievich Kovalevsky (1948 - 2005), archpriest, rector of the St. Sergius Church in Tula, dean of churches ...
  • GOLOSHCHAPOV SERGEY IVANOVICH in Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Goloshchapov Sergey Ivanovich (1882 - 1937), archpriest, holy martyr. Commemorated on December 6, in ...
  • GENNADY SCHOLARY
  • GENNADY NOVGORODSKY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady (Gonzov) (+ 1504), Archbishop of Novgorod, hierarch. The first prominent opponent of the heresy of the Judaizers. …
  • GENNADY KOSTROMSKOY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady Kostroma, Lyubimogradsky (+ 1565), hegumen, reverend. Commemorated January 23, May 23 ...
  • GENNADY VAZHEOZERSKY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady Vazheozersky (+ c. 1516), reverend. Commemoration on February 9, in the Cathedrals of St. Petersburg and ...
  • GENNADY I OF CONSTANTINOPOL in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady I of Constantinople (+ 471), patriarch, saint. Commemorated 31 August. Was placed...
  • GENNADY (LETYUK) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady (Letyuk) (1874 - 1941), hieromonk, reverend martyr. Commemorated on December 5 and in ...
  • GENNADY (DRANITSYN) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady (Dranitsyn) (+ 1775), Bishop of Suzdal and Yurievsky. In the world Dranitsyn Grigory, was born in ...
  • GENNADY (ANTONOV) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Gennady (Antonov) (1903 - 1996), Old Believer Archbishop of Novozybkovsky, Moscow and All Russia, primate of the Old Orthodox ...
  • GENNADY GONOZOV (GONZOV)
    Gennady (Gonozov or Gonzov) - Archbishop of Novgorod in 1484 - 1504, the first prominent opponent of the heresy of the so-called Judaizers. Position…
  • GENNADY (REVEREND LYUBIMOGRADSKY) in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
    Gennady - Reverend Lyubimogradsky or Kostroma (1565). The son of wealthy parents, in rags went to the Komel desert. Around Gennady, who settled on …
  • FISH GENNADY SEMENOVICH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
    Gennady Semenovich, Russian Soviet writer. Member of the CPSU since 1943. Graduated from the Institute of Art History (1924) ...
  • MENDELEEV DMITRY IVANOVICH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
    Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian chemist who discovered periodic law chemical elements, a versatile scientist, teacher and public figure. …
  • NEVELSKOY OR NEVELSKOY
    (Gennady Ivanovich) - a famous admiral (1813-1876), originally from the nobility of the Kostroma province, studied in the naval cadet corps and naval officer classes, ...
  • GENNADY GONOZOV in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
    (or Gonzov) - Archbishop of Novgorod (1484-1504) and the first prominent opponent of the heresy of the so-called Judaizers. Prior to that, he was the archimandrite of Chudovsky ...
  • BAKHTIN NIKOLAI IVANOVICH in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
    born Jan 3 1796 in Tula. His father (see Bakhtin I.I.), a smart, educated man, of high honesty, but endowed with a passionate, ...
  • GENNADY, ARCHBISHOP OF NOVGOROD
    (Gonozov or Gonzov)? Archbishop of Novgorod (1484-1504) and the first prominent opponent of the heresy of the so-called Judaizers. Prior to that, he was an archimandrite ...
  • BAKHTIN NIKOLAI IVANOVICH in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
    ? born Jan 3 1796 in Tula. His father (see Bakhtin I.I.), a smart, educated man, of high honesty, but endowed with ...
  • DREAM in Wiki Quote:
    Data: 2009-01-07 Time: 15:05:19 * The American dream: start making money, then make money with money, and finally make…
  • BRYANTSEV in the Encyclopedia of Russian surnames, secrets of origin and meanings:
  • BRYANTSEV in the Encyclopedia of Surnames:
    A typical example of a "geographical" surname - it was received by people from the city of Bryansk, as well as Bryansky, Bryantsov, Bryanchaninov, Bryanchininov, Bryanchinov, Bryanchinovsky, ...
  • CATHEDRAL OF BELARUSIAN SAINTS in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Cathedral of Belarusian Saints - celebration of the Russian Orthodox Church in honor of the saints of the Belarusian land. Celebrated on the 3rd...
  • PSKOV DIOCESE in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Pskov and Velikoluksky diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. Address of the diocesan administration: Russia, 180006, Pskov, ...
  • PIVOVAROV ALEXANDER IVANOVICH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Pivovarov Alexander Ivanovich (1939 - 2006), archpriest. Born June 8, 1939 in Biysk ...
  • MOSCOW PIMENOVSKAYA CHURCH IN NEW COLLARS in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Moscow Church of St. Pimen the Great (Life-Giving Trinity) in Novye Vorotniki. Address: 103030, Russia, Moscow ...
  • JOSEPH-VOLOKOLAMSK MONASTERY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Joseph-Volotsky Monastery in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, stauropegial monastery, Russian Orthodox Church. …
  • EPISCOPATE OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
    Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Episcopate of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople - now living bishops in the order of ordination and episcopal consecration Primate ...
  • VASILY PAVLOVO-POSADSKY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.

Nevelskoy Gennady Ivanovich - hereditary Marine officer, an experienced navigator who has always been attracted to the Far East. Gennady Ivanovich devoted his whole life to its study. The discoveries made by him became an invaluable contribution to the development of geography in Russia and the further conquest of the Far Eastern region.

Brief biography of Nevelsky Gennady Ivanovich

The famous Russian navigator was born on November 23, 1813. A thirteen-year-old boy, who always dreamed of the sea, entered the Naval Cadet Corps. And this is not surprising - almost all the men in his family since the time of Peter the Great served in the navy.

From the age of sixteen, Nevelskoy regularly took part in distant voyages. Being naturally active and very purposeful, he decided to continue his education and entered the Naval Academy. Having successfully completed it in 1836 and received the rank of lieutenant, Nevelskoy was assigned to the Bellona ship.

Rice. 1. Nevelskoy Gennady Ivanovich.

Having gained the necessary experience in sea voyages, Nevelskoy began to dream of an expedition to the Far East. Having learned that they are preparing for a voyage to Kamchatka big ship"Baikal", Gennady Ivanovich began to actively fuss about his appointment to the schooner. In 1847 he was appointed captain of the Baikal.

Nevelsky's colleagues could not understand and support his decision to lead an unremarkable transport ship. An experienced sailor could do brilliant career, but chose to devote his life to fascinating discoveries.

Amur expedition

Gennady Ivanovich planned to carefully study the mouth of the Amur River, but, above all, he wanted to realize his long-standing dream - to prove that Sakhalin is an island, and the mouth of the Amur has a direct connection with the ocean.

TOP 4 articleswho read along with this

Rice. 2. Sakhalin Island.

In the summer of 1849, Baikal took a direct course to Sakhalin. Already from the first days of the sea voyage, Nevelskoy realized that the Sea of ​​​​Okhotsk region would have to be re-mapped - the old ones were extremely inaccurate.

During the Amur expedition, an experienced navigator made a number of important discoveries:

  • He cited evidence that Sakhalin is an island, and not a peninsula, as previously thought.
  • He provided the most thorough descriptions of the northern lands of Sakhalin, the Sakhalin Bay and the mouth of the Amur.
  • Established that the Amur is an accessible waterway for the passage of large ships.

In 1850, the navigator was again seconded to the Far Eastern region, but with a clear order not to enter the mouth of the Amur. However, Gennady Ivanovich, setting the interests Russian Empire above all, he violated this prescription: he founded the Nikolaev post at the mouth of the Amur, which later grew into the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, and thereby proclaimed imperial power in these lands.

Rice. 3. Nikolaevsky post.

The unauthorized act of Nevelsky caused an extreme protest in the government, which demanded that the officer be demoted to ordinary sailors. But Nicholas I, having learned about the exploits of the navigator, not only did not punish him, but granted him the rank of Rear Admiral.

At the end of the expedition in 1855, Nevelskoy returned to St. Petersburg, and no longer participated in sea voyages. He came to grips with summing up and classifying the large amount of information he had collected during the expedition. In 1874, the famous navigator was awarded the rank of admiral. Nevelskoy died two years later, on April 17, 1876 in St. Petersburg.

What have we learned?

When studying the topic “Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy”, we got acquainted with the biography of a famous Russian navigator and explorer of the Far Eastern lands. We learned how the Amur expedition went under his command, what were the discoveries of Nevelsky Gennady Ivanovich, and what significance they had for strengthening the Russian Empire.

Topic quiz

Report Evaluation

Average rating: 4.7. Total ratings received: 114.

G.I. Nevelskoy, a well-known explorer of the Far East, was born on November 23 (December 5), 1813 in the village of Drakino, Soligalichsky district, Kostroma province, into a noble family. He graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps (1832) and officer "classes" (1836). In 1836, with the rank of Lieutenant Nevelskaya, he was appointed to serve in the squadron of F.P. Litke. Until 1846 he served on ships in the North, Baltic and Mediterranean seas. In 1846 he sailed around Europe. In 1847 he became commander of the Baikal military transport ship. In 1848-1849, Nevelskoy on the ship "Baikal" passed with cargo from Kronstadt around Cape Horn to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, then went into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, explored and compiled a description of Sakhalin, proving that Sakhalin is an island, not a peninsula (as was previously thought ), explored the Sakhalin Bay, the Tatar Strait, the lower reaches of the Amur and other regions of the Far East. For these studies and the discovery of a nautical entrance to the mouth of the Amur on December 6, 1849, he was promoted to captain of the II rank. In the summer of 1850 G.I. Nevelskoy founded the post of Nikolaevsky (now the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur).

Where once the Russian flag is raised, it should not go down!

Nevelskoy Gennady Ivanovich

August 25, 1854 "for the excellent execution of the special Highest orders in the Lower Amur Territory, carried out with negligible means in deserted and remote places, among savages and associated with incredible hardships and constant danger to life, special labors, vigilance and courage, for the spread of Russian influence on peoples living on the island of Sakhalin and on the banks of the estuary of the Amur River, the southern shores of the Sea of ​​​​Okhotsk, the shores of the Tatar Strait, and by these actions laid the foundation for the annexation of the entire Amur and Ussuri Territories to Russia "G.I. Nevelskoy was promoted to Rear Admiral.

In 1855, Nevelskoy was appointed chief of staff naval forces under the governor general, but on December 10, 1856, due to friction with the Admiralty, he was removed from his post and recalled to St. Petersburg; in 1857 he was appointed head of the Scientific Department of the Marine Technical Committee. In 1857-1876, he wrote instructions for commanders of ships going to the Far East, edited articles for the Marine Collection, participated in the work of the Russian Geographical Society, the Society for Assistance to the Russian Commercial Shipping Company, worked on the book "Feats of Russian Naval Officers in the Far East of Russia" .

Active activity of G.I. Nevelskoy, who understood the important economic and strategic importance of the development of Eastern Siberia, predetermined the establishment by the Russian government of a permanent Amur expedition to study the Amur, the Amur Region, about. Sakhalin, Ussuri Territory and other regions of the Far East.

For excellent and diligent service G.I. Nevelskoy was awarded with orders St. Stanislaus IV degree (1838), St. Anna III degree (1841), St. Vladimir IV degree (1850), St. Anna II degree with the Imperial crown (1853), St. Vladimir III degree (1853), St. Stanislav of the 1st degree (1855), St. Anna of the 1st degree and a life pension of 2 thousand silver rubles a year (1858). January 1, 1864 G.I. Nevelskoy was promoted to vice admiral, and in early 1874 to full admiral.

A strait and bay in the Far East, a cape, a mountain on Sakhalin, a city (1846), a seamount in pacific ocean, one of the streets of Kineshma, the cruiser "Admiral Nevelskoy" (1913).

In 1860-1876 he lived in the family estate of Rogozinikh, Kineshma district.

The admiral died on April 17 (29), 1876 in St. Petersburg and was buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent. Later, his widow, Ekaterina Ivanovna Nevelskaya (1834-1879), was buried next to the admiral. Two identical white crosses on the 7th track (section 16) are impossible not to notice.
"The discoveries made by Nevelsky are invaluable for Russia; many previous expeditions to these lands [Amur Territory, Sakhalin, Far East] could achieve European fame, but not one of them achieved domestic benefit, at least to the extent that Nevelskoy did it."

(N.N. Muravyov, Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, 1849)

Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy was born in the estate of Drakino, near Soligalich. Father: Ivan Alekseevich Nevelskoy (1774-1823) - a hereditary naval officer, from an old Kostroma noble family. Mother: Feodosya Timofeevna (1787-1854) belonged to the old noble family Polozova; known for being prosecuted for inhumane treatment of serfs.

in the Marine Corps

In 1829, Gennady Nevelskoy entered the Naval Cadet Corps. The head of the Naval Corps at that time was the famous navigator Admiral I.F. Kruzenshtern, whose name is associated with the first Russian circumnavigation. Among the cadets of those times, not so much military as research, geographic direction learning. Cadets and midshipmen were inspired by the famous sea voyages of Russian sailors. Everyone was talking about the discovery of Antarctica by F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev, the campaigns of F. P. Wrangel, M. N. Stanyukovich, F. P. Litke and others. It is no coincidence, therefore, that many of Nevelsky's classmates subsequently became famous navigators, explorers, and geographers.

Even in the Naval Corps, Nevelskoy became interested in the geography of the Far East. Not quite unambiguous information given in books and maps, Gennady Nevelskoy questioned. He was seized by a thirst for his own geographical research.

In 1832, Nevelskoy graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps among the best and, among the elect, became a student of the newly created Officer Class (the prototype of the future Naval Academy). On March 28, 1836, midshipman Nevelskoy successfully passed the exams for the course of the officer class and was awarded the rank of lieutenant of the fleet.

The first years of service in the Navy

At the end of the officer class, Lieutenant Nevelskoy was appointed to the squadron of Admiral Fyodor Petrovich Litke as an officer on the Bellona ship under the command of an experienced naval officer Samuil Ivanovich Mofet. Then he served on the ships "Prince Varshavsky" ("Konstantin"), "Aurora" and "Ingermanland". During these years, he, as a well-trained naval officer, was a watch officer under His Highness Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich. Tsesarevich Konstantin, the son of Emperor Nicholas I, at the age of 9, was appointed Admiral General of the Fleet and placed under the guardianship of Admiral Litke. Gennady Nevelskoy became the actual trustee of the young Grand Duke for many years. Subsequently, this circumstance may have served to ensure that Nevelskoy's arbitrariness during the development of the Amur was not only forgiven, but approved by Emperor Nicholas I. The historian A.I. Alekseev suggests that Nevelskoy at some point saved the life of the Tsarevich.

During the years of Nevelsky's service in the Litke squadron, this squadron did not take part in long-distance voyages, it mainly sailed within Europe. In 1846, Nevelskoy received the rank of lieutenant commander. A year later, he asked for the position of commander of the Baikal transport ship under construction, which was supposed to go to Kamchatka with cargo.

Amur expedition

The appointment to Baikal and the direction to the Far East was considered by Nevelskoy as an opportunity to fulfill his plan: to prove that it is possible to enter the mouth of the Amur River from the ocean and that Sakhalin is an island. Enlisting the support of the Governor of Eastern Siberia, Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov, and the Chief of the Main Naval Staff, Prince Menshikov, Nevelskaya, without Highest Resolution in the summer of 1849 he reached the mouth of the Amur and discovered the strait between the mainland and Sakhalin Island. In 1850, Nevelskoy, already in the rank of captain of the 1st rank, was again sent to the Far East, but with an order "not to touch the mouth of the Amur." But, caring not so much about geographical discoveries how much about interests Russian state Nevelskoy, contrary to the prescription, founded the so-called. Nicholas Post (now the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur), raising the Russian flag there and declaring Russia's sovereignty over these lands.

Nevelskoy's self-governing actions caused discontent and irritation in Russian government circles. The so-called Special Committee considered his act an audacity worthy of demotion to the sailors, which was reported to Emperor Nicholas I. However, after listening to Muravyov N.N.'s report, Nicholas I called Nevelsky's act "valiant, noble and patriotic", and even awarded him Order of Vladimir 4th class, and imposed the famous resolution on the report of the Special Committee:

In 1851, Nevelskoy was again sent to the Far East. In the same year, he married the girl Elchaninova, Ekaterina Ivanovna, with whom he arrived at the duty station. In subsequent years, Nevelskoy and his subordinates carried out a detailed study of the shores of the mouth of the Amur, the Amur Estuary and the Tatar Strait, as well as the continental parts of the Amur and Ussuri Territories and Sakhalin Island. At the same time, the captain of the 1st rank, and since August 1854 Rear Admiral Nevelskoy, on behalf of the emperor, established the power of Russia in the Far Eastern territories.

In the mid-1850s, a large-scale development of the Amur Territory by Russia began under the leadership of Governor Muravyov. Nevelsky's mission was exhausted and he returned to St. Petersburg.

After the Amur expedition

Returning to St. Petersburg, Gennady Nevelskoy no longer participated in sea voyages. He devoted a significant part of his life to systematizing the materials he collected during the Amur expedition: he participated in the refinement of maps, advised politicians and entrepreneurs. Was a full member of the Imperial Russian Geographic Society.

In 1857, he became a member of the directors of the newly created Amur Company (commercial enterprise) and dealt with its affairs a lot. At the same time, he was appointed a member of the Naval Scientific Council.

In 1864, Nevelsky was promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral, and in 1874 to Full Admiral.

Nevelskoy's health, undermined as a result of participation in the Amur expedition, periodically deteriorated. At times, he was forced to travel abroad for medical treatment.

main goal recent years GI Nevelskoy's life was writing a book about the Amur expedition. In this he was actively helped by his wife, Ekaterina Ivanovna Nevelskaya, who was an eyewitness and participant in the events described. In 1975 the book was basically finished. Initially, it was called "The actions of our naval officers in 1849 through the end of 1855 in the far East of our Fatherland and their consequences." However, it took a few more years before she saw the light. This happened after the death of Nevelsky. The final version of the book by G. I. Nevelsky entitled “The Feats of Russian Naval Officers in the Far East of Russia 1849-1855” was prepared by his widow and was published in 1877. Participated in the name change Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich.

Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy died on April 17 (29), 1876 in St. Petersburg, was buried on Novodevichy cemetery.

A family

Wife Ekaterina Ivanovna Nevelskaya (October 15, 1831 - March 8, 1879)
Daughters:
Eldest daughter Ekaterina Nevelskaya (June 1, 1853 - May 12, 1854)
Olga Gennadievna Sorokhtina (April 2, 1854 - October 13, 1933, Nice, France) (husband - officer L. V. Sorokhtin) - the author of the first biography of G. I. Nevelsky (1894). She had no children.
Maria Gennadievna Kukel (August 8, 1855 - approximately 1919-20) (husband - Andrey Boleslavovich Kukel)
Alexandra Gennadievna Okhotnikova (April 8, 1858? 1929, Paris) (husband Platon Mikhailovich Okhotnikov, officer, later landowner)
Son Nikolai Gennadievich Nevelskoy (September 14, 1861 - approximately 1919). Was not married.
Grandchildren:
Sergey Andreevich Kukel (Kukel-Kraevsky) - naval officer
Vladimir Andreevich Kukel (Kukel-Kraevsky) - naval officer
A. G. Okhotnikova had three daughters and two sons. Their descendants live in France, Brazil, the USA and Russia.

All dates are in the old style.

Awards and titles

  • For excellent and diligent service, Nevelskoy was awarded the following orders:
    • St. Stanislaus IV degree (1838),
    • St. Anne III degree (1841),
    • St. Vladimir IV degree (1850),
    • St. Anna II degree with the Imperial crown (1853),
    • St. Vladimir III degree (1853),
    • St. Stanislaus I degree (1855),
    • St. Anna of the 1st degree and a life pension of 2 thousand rubles in silver per year (1858).

On the tombstone of the grave of G. I. Nevelsky at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg, the wrong year of birth is carved: 1814, instead of 1813. Historian A. Alekseev explained this by the fact that upon admission in 1829 to Marine Corps a fake birth certificate was presented, where Nevelsky's age was reduced by exactly one year. The year of birth 1814 subsequently passed into all official documents of G. I. Nevelsky. This was reflected in the inscription on the tombstone.

Proceedings

Memory

  • A bay and a strait in the Far East, the city of Nevelsk in the Sakhalin region, a street in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Kholmsk (and in other cities of the Sakha region), Novosibirsk and a number of other places are named after Nevelsky.
  • In Vladivostok, in 1897, a monument was erected to him (sculptor R. R. Bakh, architect - naval engineer A. N. Antipov).
  • Monuments in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur as the founder of the city.
  • Until the mid-1990s, there was a monument to G.I. Nevelsky in Khabarovsk. The sculpture was dilapidated, dismantled for reconstruction and not restored.
  • The name of G. I. Nevelskoy was borne by a passenger ship (project 860) of the Amur River Shipping Company.
  • The name of Nevelskoy is Marine State University Vladivostok.
  • The Naval School of the city of Kholmsk bears the name of Nevelsky.
  • The name of Nevelskoy was given to one of the aircraft of the Russian airline Aeroflot