Topic: Common and non-common sentences

Target: Give the concept of common and non-common sentences; to form the ability to characterize the proposal by the presence of main and secondary members.

Tasks:

Training: to form the ability to characterize the proposal by the presence of main and secondary members.

Cognitive: introduce students to new concepts: common and non-common sentences.

Developing: develop thinking, analytical skills.

Educational: fostering interest in learning the Russian language.

Lesson type: mixed (combined).

Equipment: textbook, computer, projector, board.

During the classes:

I. Org. moment.

- Hello guys!
- Have a seat!
– Today we are going to the island of "syntax". We learn one more feature about sentences.

II. Vocabulary work.

And let's start the lesson by working on the words. Guys, prepare cards with letters. Look at the screen.(2nd, 3rd slide).

Prom e rzat, beat and vivacious, unkind a mind, disjoint, wrestler, pity, puffy, rejuvenation, fix, distant, serene.

III. Actualization of basic concepts.

At the beginning of the trip, you must answer my questions.

What does syntax study? (Section of the science of language, which studies the phrase and sentence, the rules for their construction).

What is an offer?

What does the offer consist of?

What is a phrase?

What is not a phrase? (grammatical basis).

What is a subject?

What is a predicate?

Name the types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive and interrogative).

Name the types of sentences according to emotional coloring (Exclamation, non-exclamation).

IV. Work on understanding and assimilation of new material

We arrived at the next station.

Read the text(4th slide)

Answer the questions:

What is the text about?

What are the benefits of birch?

Now read the text using only the main parts of the sentence.
All clear?(No)
What members of the sentence help us to convey the sentence more accurately, in detail, expressively?(minor members suggestions).
Name the secondary members of the sentence (addition, definition, circumstance).

- Read §35, p. 70 on your own (- What new did you learn in the paragraph you read?).

The most important thing you need to learn is the concept of the prevalence of sentences.

(5th slide)

A proposal that consists only of the main members is called non-extended. A sentence in which, in addition to the main members, there are minor ones, is called common. A common sentence conveys information more accurately, in detail, expressively.

- We are a little tired, let's rest!

Physical education minute

• The mouse came out once(walking in place)
• See what time it is(turns left, right).
• One two three four(clapping hands above head).
• The mice pulled the weights(arms down, squat).
• Suddenly there was a terrible sound(clapping in front of you).
• The mice ran away(running in place).

V. Work on the development of skills and abilities to apply knowledge in practice.

- Have a rest? Let's move on with renewed vigor.

Open your notebooks, write down the number, Classwork, the topic of the lesson.

Next stage:

1. "Brainstorming" (work at the blackboard).

The game "Who is more?"

Game progress . There are two uncommon sentences written on the board. Students prove that they are not common. The class is then divided into two teams. The children are invited to spread the sentences by adding one word at a time. Students take turns going to the blackboard and writing the words. The winning team will be the one that will have more secondary members in the proposal that are interconnected in meaning.

Example:

The sun came out.

The yellow sun came out.

The yellow sun peeked out from behind the clouds.

A yellow sun peeked out from behind the blue clouds.

2. Parse the sentence.

In autumn, birds fly south in large flocks. (Narrative, non-exclamation, r.o. - 1-simple, dist., not complicated).
The birds are flying away.

(Reserve task - a test to consolidate the acquired knowledge). Mutual verification.

(8th slide).

1 - subject

2 - predicate

3 - definition

4 - addition

5 - circumstance

Lived in the world frog frog. She sat in the swamp, caught mosquitoes, croaked loudly in the spring ...

One day she was sitting on a bitch semi-flooded snags and enjoyed the warm fine rain. According to V. Garshin

1 - subject

2 - predicate

3 - definition

4 - addition

5 - circumstance

1. Behind black (3, def.) the stars glittered in the trees.

2. They hung over the road rocks (4, additional).

3. There was a (2, predicate) cloud of fog in the gorge.

4. Suddenly (5, circumstance)

to a girl (4) with blue hair.

A. Tolstoy

1 - common

2 - uncommon

1 . 2. They lived together 1 . 3. The bear fell asleep 2 ; goat and ram doze 2 1 . 4. And he sees 2 : seven wolves are coming 2 2 , sparks from the eyes fell 1 1 .

K. Ushinsky

VI. Summing up the lesson.

- Here we have reached the last stage. Now you will draw out leaflets with questions and you need to answer the questions.

(9th slide)

What is the main means of expression of thought?(sentence)

Name the types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement.(narrative, incentive, interrogative)

What is the grammatical basis of the sentence.(subject and predicate)

Name the secondary members of the sentence(circumstance, definition addition)

A sentence consists of words and ...(phrases)

A sentence that consists of only main members is called(uncommon).

A sentence in which, in addition to the main members, there are minor ones, is called ...(common).

Well, we got to the island. Look what it is... You've been left with a message, but it's encrypted, you'll need a key to decrypt it.

"Decipher the record."

(10th slide)

14 16 13 16 5 6 24!

You are really great!

VII. Homework ( 11th slide).

Open your diaries, write homework.
§ 35, ex. 173.

VIII. Grading.

1. Indicate the members of the sentence in numbers.

1 - subject

2 - predicate

3 - definition

4 - addition

5 - circumstance

Once upon a time there lived a frog frog. She sat in the swamp, caught mosquitoes, croaked loudly in the spring ...

One day she was sitting on a twig of half-flooded driftwood and enjoying the warm fine rain.

According to V. Garshin

2. Indicate which member of the sentence is the highlighted word.

1 - subject

2 - predicate

3 - definition

4 - addition

5 - circumstance

1. Behind black the stars glittered in the trees.

2. They hung over the road rocks.

3. A cloud of fog lay in the gorge.

4. Suddenly in front of Pinocchio, a gray lump jumped up and down.

5. Pinocchio did not want to return to the girl with blue hair.

A. Tolstoy

3. Indicate the type of offer in numbers.

1 - common

2 - uncommon

1. Once upon a time there was a cat, a goat and a ram in the same yard. 2. They lived together. 3. The bear fell asleep; goat and ram doze; one purr does not sleep and sees everything. 4. And he sees : seven wolves are coming. 5. A goat and a ram collided, sparks from the eyes fell. 6. A goat and a ram bleated here with fear.

K. Ushinsky

The syntactic system of the Russian language is quite complex. All simple sentences in it are divided into common and non-common. This topic is studied in the Russian language lesson in the 5th grade, and it is very important to understand it.

Common and non-common sentences: what does it mean

Such a classification of syntactic units is based on a simple principle: whether there are secondary members in the sentence or not. So, non-proprietary proposal- this is one in which there is only a subject and a predicate, that is, a basis. "I'm going."- the simplest example of a non-common sentence, in which there are only main members.

If the sentence consists of only one main member - no matter the subject or predicate, then it also belongs to the category of uncommon: Rain. It got cold. That is, one-part sentences without secondary members are always uncommon.

As for common sentences, these are those in which, in addition to the main members of the sentence, there are also secondary ones (namely, addition, definition and circumstance).

For example: It was raining heavily in the forest.

How to distinguish a common proposal from a non-common one?

Everything is quite easy. First of all, you need to find a grammatical basis in the sentence - it can be both a subject and a predicate, or it can be only one of the main members. If, after its underlining, there are no other significant words left in the sentence (prepositions, conjunctions and interjections are not considered), then it is definitely not common. If others meaningful words, to which you can ask questions from the basis, there is, then the syntactic unit in question belongs to the category of common sentences.

The easiest way to explain this is with examples of a common and non-common sentence.

So, in a syntactic unit "The forest was on fire" there is a subject "forest" and predicate "burned". There are no other words, so this is an uncommon sentence.

And here is another example: "The spring forest was filled with smells." Having disassembled it, it is possible, in addition to the base "the forest is full" find another definition "spring" and addition "smells". The presence of these members of the sentence, which are classified as secondary, indicates that the syntactic unit is common.

If in a sentence other than grammatical basis, There are also introductory words or phrases, then it is still uncommon. This simple rule is based on the fact that introductory words (and also phrases) are not any members of the sentence, and therefore cannot extend it.

Sentences can have exactly the same grammatical basis, but the presence or absence of secondary members immediately separates them into different categories.

What have we learned?

In Russian, there is a classification of sentences depending on whether they have secondary members or not. Uncommon are those that have only a grammatical basis (moreover, it can consist of both two main members, and only one). Common ones, on the contrary, also include minor members - all three, that is, addition, circumstance and definition, or only some. One-part sentences (those in which the grammatical basis includes only one main member) can be common if they have minor members related to the main one or to each other. Sentences with a grammatical basis and introductory words, but without secondary members, are not common.

The main members of a sentence form its grammatical basis.

Sentences whose grammatical basis consists of two main members are called two-part (Fig. 1).

The main members of a sentence are the subject and the predicate.

Rice. 1. Types of sentences regarding the composition of the grammatical basis

Examples of two-part sentences:

The firecracker exploded.

A very scary thing happened to me last night.

If the grammatical basis consists of one main member, such a sentence is called one-part.

Examples of one-part sentences:

Holidays.

I want to go to the sea.

We'll rest soon.

The main member of a one-part sentence in its properties and structure is similar either to the predicate of a two-part sentence or to the subject.

Common and non-common offers

Depending on whether there are secondary members in the proposal, the proposals are common and non-common (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Types of proposals regarding the presence / absence of minor members

In non-common sentences, in addition to the main members, there are no other members of the proposal.

Examples of uncommon offers:

It got dark.

Wind started to blow.

A ghost appeared.

If the sentence has at least one minor member, such a sentence is called common.

Examples of common offers:

It suddenly got dark.

A terrible piercing wind blew.

A ghost appeared from behind the curtain.

Thus, it is possible to determine whether a sentence is widespread or not common by the presence of secondary members in it.

Please note that words that are not members of the sentence (addresses, introductory words and constructions) do not make the sentence widespread.

It seems to be getting dark - a simple uncommon proposal.

As soon as it got dark, naturally, a ghost appeared - a complex sentence consisting of two simple and uncommon ones.

Complete and

Simple sentences are divided into complete and incomplete (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Types of proposals regarding the presence / absence of the necessary members

If the sentence contains all the components necessary for its understanding, if in order to understand the meaning of the sentence, we do not need to refer to other sentences, such sentences are called complete:

I'm not afraid of ghosts.

If we lack components to understand a sentence, if we need to refer to neighboring sentences to understand its meaning, such a sentence will be incomplete:

I'm not afraid of ghosts.

Me too (the meaning of this sentence will be hidden until we know the context of its use).

Rice. 4. How to distinguish an incomplete sentence from a one-part one

As you can see, the meaning of an incomplete sentence is easy to restore if you add the necessary components from the context to it (Fig. 4). Note that an incomplete sentence may lack all the main members of the sentence:

- Have you seen a ghost?

– What was it like?

- Creepy! (this is a common incomplete sentence)

In addition, an incomplete sentence may lack the secondary members of the sentence necessary for understanding:

Did you manage?

conclusions

Signs of prevalence and non-proliferation and completeness and incompleteness of a simple sentence are in no way connected with each other. A sentence can be complete but not common, such as the sentence "It's coming." Or vice versa, the sentence may be common but incomplete, like the sentence "Spooky".

Rice. 5. Types of simple sentence

Thus, the prevalence or non-proliferation of a sentence is determined by a formal feature: whether or not there is a minor member in the sentence. And the division of the sentence into complete or incomplete is made according to the semantic, or semantic, feature. That is, if a minor member is absent in the sentence, but it is necessary for its understanding, as in the question “Did you manage?”, Such a sentence will be incomplete and not widespread.

Questions for abstracts

1. Read and rewrite the texts. Find in them one-part, non-common and incomplete sentences.

A. The office in the Yalta house of Anton Pavlovich was small, twelve paces long and six wide. Directly opposite the front door is a large square framed window. On the right side, in the middle of the wall, is a brown tiled fireplace. There are a few knick-knacks on the mantelpiece, and between them is a beautifully made model of a sailing schooner.

B. The first time she appeared in the evening. She ran almost to the fire itself, grabbed a fish tail that was lying on the ground, and dragged it under a rotten log. I immediately realized that this is not a simple mouse. Much less voles. Darker. And most importantly - the nose! Spatula, like a mole. Soon she returned, began to dart under my feet, to collect fish bones, and, only when I stamped angrily, she hid. “Though not a simple one, but still a mouse,” I thought. “Let him know his place.” And her place was under a rotten cedar log. She dragged her prey there. She got out of there the next day.

Q. This autumn I spent the night with my grandfather Larion. The constellations, cold as grains of ice, floated in the water. Noisy dry reeds. The ducks shivered in the thickets and plaintively quacked all night. Grandpa couldn't sleep. He sat by the stove and repaired a torn fishing net. Then he put on the samovar - from it the windows in the hut immediately fogged up.

In Russian syntax, there are several options for classifying sentences. So, according to the number of grammatical bases, they can be simple or complex, and according to the presence or absence of secondary members, they can be uncommon or widespread. Let's consider these types in more detail.

What is a simple sentence

A simple sentence is one that has only one basis. For example:

I live in Moscow.

At the same time, there can be several subjects and predicates in a simple sentence at once, i.e. they may be identical. For example:

• dog and cat run along the street (homogeneous subjects).
• She laughed and cried at the same time (homogeneous predicates).

When several simple sentences connect with each other, they form difficult sentence, in which there are already more than one grammatical basis.

Common Suggestions

The prevalence of a sentence is affected by the presence in it of all other members, except for the subject and predicate. Such members of the sentence are also called secondary. On this basis, proposals are divided into two types:

• Uncommon.
• Common.

In the first case, we are talking about sentences where only the grammatical basis is available. For example:

• Snowing.
• Mum has come home.

In sentences of the second type, there are other members. For example:

• Snowing in the town(there is a circumstance of place).
• Mum has come home to me(there is an addition).
• Irina - beautiful girl (there is a definition).

A sentence may have several secondary members at once, while some of them may even be homogeneous.

Example of a simple common sentence

An example of a simple and common sentence is the following:

In the forest, the sonorous singing of birds was heard: thrushes, robins and nightingales.

AT this case the grammatical basis is the combination singing resounded. A common sentence is because it contains the following minor members:

• Place circumstance - in the forest.
• Definition - voiced.
• Add-ons - birds, thrushes, robins, nightingales.

At runtime parsing we characterize a sentence by indicating whether the sentence is exclamatory or non-exclamatory, simple or complex, common or non-common, and so on. In this article, we will talk about the characteristics of the proposal in terms of the presence or absence of secondary members.

What is a common offer

In many sentences, in addition to the main ones, there are also secondary members. They make the sentence more colorful and understandable, allowing us to better imagine what the author is telling us about. If in the sentence, in addition to the main one, there is at least one minor member, then we have a common sentence. If there are no minor members, the proposal is not extended.

If the sentence, in addition to the grammatical basis, has an appeal or an introductory construction, then this sentence still does not become common, because neither the appeal nor the introductory words are members of the sentence. Let's give an example: It seems it's dawn.

Minor members

In the sentence, you can meet various secondary members. They differ in grammatical meaning and by the additional meaning they give to the main members.

A definition refers to a subject or object, less often to a circumstance or another definition if they are expressed by a noun. It answers questions Which? Whose? Which one is on the bill? Most often it is expressed as an adjective or participle in full form (variegated fallen leaves), pronoun (my portfolio), ordinal number (second floor). Less commonly, a definition can be expressed as a noun. (what dress? in a cage) or the infinitive of the verb (what dream? win a million). Often the definition is expressed by participial turnover.

Application is a special definition expressed by a noun, usually agreed upon (beautiful girl).

If the application is a title in quotation marks (books, magazines, trains, spaceships etc.), it does not decline along with the word being defined: in the Ogonyok magazine, about the Vostok ship).

Both the regular definition and the appendix are underlined in parsing the sentence with a wavy line.

The predicate usually includes circumstances and additions.

Circumstance answers questions Where? When? Where? Where? Why? What for? How? In what degree? It is expressed most often by an adverb, a participle, a noun with a preposition; is also expressed participle turnover. There are frequent cases when the circumstance of the goal is an infinitive (went why? buy bread). When performing syntactic analysis, the circumstance must be underlined by the dot-dash line.

Complements are expressed most often by nouns or pronouns; they answer questions of oblique cases (all but the nominative). Sometimes you can find additions expressed by the infinitive. It is necessary to underline this part of the sentence with a dotted line.

The scheme of a common sentence is usually a chain of graphic characters - underlines - corresponding to the location of the members of the sentence. Let's take an example.

"Yellow sheet smoothly descended to the track" .

In this sentence, first is the definition yellow, then the subject sheet, the circumstance "smoothly", the addition "(to) the track." Therefore, the diagram will look like this: a wavy line, a straight line, a dot-dash line, a double line, a dotted line.