Strengthening of royal power in the XVI-XVII centuries. Absolutism in Europe. Presentation on the topic "Strengthening of royal power in the 16th-17th centuries" Strengthening the power of the king in France

Lesson Objectives:

1. Find out what "absolutism" is?
2. Find out what are the characteristic
traits of absolutism.
3. What are its manifestations in European
countries?

Comment out the expression:

"God's will is
so that everyone who is born
subjects obeyed without
reasoning"

Dictionary:

Absolutism is a form
government under which
sovereignty
unlimited
belongs to one person
- to the monarch.

1. Absolutism

"Born to be a subject
must obey" meaning
absolutism.
Absolutism developed into
late 15th-16th centuries
Creation of a nationwide apparatus
management, permanent professional
army, government tax system,
unified state legislation and
administrative structure, unified
state economic policy etc.

2. One king - one country

WHAT DOES THIS STATEMENT MEAN?

2. One king - one country

To prevent the start of new feudal
strife among the old recalcitrant and wayward nobility
lands were taken away, castles were destroyed,
bands of feudal lords. Restrictions on freedoms affected
and cities that defended their ancient rights.
After the end of the Hundred Years War in France,
liquidated the old rights of the provinces (Normandy,
Burgundy, etc.), they lost their independence
and came under the authority of the king.
In England, the king subjugated distant
northern counties and Wales (Council of the North established
and Council of Wales).

2. One king - one country

During the period of absolutism, organs
class representation
(English Parliament,

States General) lose
its meaning. Kings aspire
get rid of their influence.

(dukes, earls, barons,
marquises, baronets) in every possible way
resist these efforts.

The main features of absolutism:

- Under absolutism continues
annexation of outlying territories,
the attempts of the old feudal
authorities to maintain their independence

How could my ancestors let this happen...
In England to the Tudors
had to reckon with
parliament. According to
English customs
kings had no right
collect taxes without them
permissions. Tudors
preferred
cooperate with
parliament, not
fight
Henry VIII Tudor(1509-1547)

Elizabeth I Tudor - Queen of England (1558-1603)

During the period of absolutism, the organs of the class
representations (English Parliament,
Spanish Cortes, French
States General) lose their
meaning. Kings seek to get rid of
from their influence.
During the 37 years of the reign of Henry VIII
parliament met only 21 times, and
for 45 years of his daughter's reign
Elizabeth - 13 times. Kings couldn't
get rid of parliament altogether,
but significantly limited
influence, thereby strengthening its
absolute power.

"Born subjects must obey"
I don't understand how my
ancestors could
allow this
institution...
I have to put up with
what I can't
get rid of...
James I Stuart King of England and Scotland (1603-1625)

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

Assumed the English throne
after Elizabeth James I Stuart
(1603-1625) throughout his
board fought with Parliament,
limiting his role in every possible way.
James I Stuart
James I believed that parliament harms
matters of state administration.
In his speech to
parliament in 1604, the king declared
that he is sovereign
the master of the whole country: "I am the head,
and the island is my body, I am the shepherd,
and the island is my flock.”

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

Francis I of Valois
France has an absolute monarchy
began to take shape XVI century.
King Francis I of Valois (1515-1547)
single-handedly accepted all the most important
decisions, in his decrees he wrote:
"Because we like it." General
states in France
not
turned into permanent
acting body, but were going to
only in case of big
necessary by the king. FROM
1614 to 1789 States General not
never gathered.

Louis XIV - French "Sun King" (1643-1715)

In the process of folding absolutism occurs:
Subordination of the feudal nobility to the king.
Representative bodies lose
its meaning.
idea of divine origin
royalty.
Creation of nation states.

4. Centralization of the state

French
Estates General
in 1614
In England central
administrative and
executive body was
Privy Council, whose members
appointed by the king.
In France under the king
there was a council
considered by the government
but its members also
appointed by the king and
carried out his will. Members
this government were
blood princes, tall
spiritual ranks, financiers,
lawyers, but the country had
personal rule of the king.

Unified system of state administration
England
Central
administrative
and executive
body
became the Privy Council,
whose members
appointed by the monarch
France
head of state
- king.
He had advice
but the monarch
appointed him
members
and alone
accepted
solutions.

4. Centralization of the state

English lawyer of the 16th century.
In England most
court cases were handled by two
royal courts.
For justice and rebellious
the nobility observed the Star
ward. In places
there were elective
justices of the peace (from the old
aristocracy and new
nobility), but they
elected under control
government and secret
advice.

4. Centralization of the state

Louis XIV
In France, the restriction
royalty
were the highest judicial
authorities in the provinces
parliaments. They could
appeal judicial
and government
solutions. Kings is sharp
clashed
with parliaments.
King Louis XIV in dispute
with the Parlement of Paris
stated:
"The state is me!"

Unified judiciary
England
France
star chamber
Parliaments
judges
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
world
judges
Conduct litigation;
Expose conspiracies;
Suppress rebellions;
Chase vagrants;
Collect taxes;
Collecting money for the poor.
1. Right to appeal
judicial and
government
solutions;
2. Appointment of a regent;
3. Consideration of contracts,
decrees.

4. Centralization of the state

Government of the country and
England and France
carried out by officials.
Official positions
transmitted over
inheritance, bought.
Personal merit is not
played a role - it was important
the availability of money. Majority
did not receive officials
government fees,
but lived at the expense of the population
(gifts, offerings,
bribes).

2. Monarchy and nobility

In emerging
centralized states
this principle does not suit
monarchs. They aspire to
complete subjugation of all
estates of society.
Old aristocracy - feudal lords
(dukes, earls, barons,
marquises, baronets) in every possible way
resist these efforts.
To this end, the feudal lords are gradually deprived of their
privileges and influence. Kings take service
nobles (a new estate whose position
depends entirely on his service to the king)

Local government
England
France
officials
1000-1500
8000
Livelihood?
Salary + payment of the population for
services

"The Monarch is God's Anointed One"
Read material on
pp. 32 – 33 and answer
to questions:
* Under which monarch
absolutism reached
the highest flourishing?
What did it show
sovereignty
king?

3. Absolutism

Monarchs strive for maximum
possible centralization of control,
concentration of all levers of power in
their hands - ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.

Creation of a professional army
England
(absence
regular army)
1. People's militia.
2. Detachments of volunteer volunteers.
France
(permanent mercenary army)
taxes
straight
tax on
land and
property
indirect
tax on
salt

Common economic policy
Mercantilism
Protectionism
Policy directed
to the predominance
export of goods
over import
Support
government
industry,
protection of the internal
market from
foreign
intervention

Common economic policy

Mercantilism is an economic
policy based on
the idea of the predominance of the export of goods over
importation for the purpose of accumulating gold.

Who owns the words?
“I don’t understand how my ancestors could allow such an institution.
I have to put up with what I can't get rid of."
“In my person, God sent down a blessing on you. I am a husband, and all
the island is my lawful wife. I am the head and the island is my body. I
shepherd, and the island is my flock.” (from a speech at the first parliament).
"Such is my good will, for so we desire"
“Did you think, gentlemen, that the state is you?
You are wrong. The state is me!

Summing up the lesson
Section 32
Questions on page 35
Know the terms

Successes of the centralization process

By the beginning of the 14th century, the process of centralization was coming to an end in France. It is based on the formation of estate representation in the state while maintaining the monarchical form of government. The form of the monarchy could be estate or feudal.

By this time there is an increase in the territorial possessions of the royal domain.

Definition 1

The royal domain is the hereditary possession of the French king. The basis of the royal domain is the personal possessions of Hugh Capet in Ile-de-France and Orleans. In XIV, the royal domain includes the lands of petty knights who swore allegiance to the king. When a centralized state is formed, the entire territory of the country is considered a domain.

The long-term struggle for the territories of the English and French kings ended in victory for the latter. The French court extended its right:

in 1308-1309 to Languedoc (County of Toulouse), most of Aquitaine, areas along the Dordogne and Garonne rivers;
in 1285 to Navarre.

The British left only the coast of the Biscay Sea.

In 1284, the county of Champagne was ceded to France. Reason: King Philip IV to marry the only daughter and heiress of the Count of Champagne, Countess Jeanne I. In 1307, the rich trading and craft city of Lyon, located in the center of the country, became the royal domain. Thus, by the beginning of the 14th century, three-quarters of the lands of the kingdom were already under the rule of the French king.

King's aspirations

Owning most of the territories in the state, the king seeks to turn the population of the entire country into his subjects. He wishes to become the supreme sovereign in the kingdom. Philip IV begins to strengthen his position with the destruction of the existing hierarchy feudal relations. The feudal ladder prevented the strengthening of royal power. Therefore, the king establishes ties with the rear-vassals directly, bypassing intermediate steps.

The next direction on the way to the goal: the strengthening of the royal court and the introduction of a single tax on the entire French people. Thus, in the area political activity The royal court turns out to be the peasantry, which is in land or personal dependence on secular and church feudal lords.

The results of the transformations of Philip IV

Remark 1

Philip IV laid the foundations for a strong royal power in France. Under him, the role of the royal court and the Parisian parliament is changing. The King's Court becomes the highest court. The judicial powers of secular and ecclesiastical feudal lords were reduced. The same fate befell the city courts.

By the middle of the 14th century, the parliament turns into a permanent body. The number of members of the Parisian parliament is strictly fixed - 100 people. These are advisers, prosecutors and lawyers. the main objective his activity consisted in smoothing out local customs, their subordination to the developed national law.

The tax system is undergoing changes to generate more revenue for the royal treasury. Philip IV introduced an indirect tax, which the people called bad. They were taxed on all goods sold in the country. The king could also use direct robberies. For example, he reduced the proportion of precious metal in coins. This earned him the nickname of the counterfeiter. The king took out his wrath several times on Jewish usurers. He expelled them from the state, and confiscated their property in favor of the treasury. The king would then allow them to return to France after paying a substantial fee. Philip IV demanded loans from free cities for state needs. But he didn't repay the debt. So he ruined the city treasury and subordinated the management of the city to his own official. By depriving the city of communal liberties, the king strengthened his power.

Strengthening the royal
power in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Absolutism in Europe

LESSON PLAN

Absolutism
One king - one country
Restriction of the role of estate representation bodies
State centralization

1. Formation of centralized states

At the beginning of the New Age, large states appeared on the territory of Europe.
How is it different from the Middle Ages?
England
France
Spain
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russian state

1. Absolutism

"Born subjects must obey" - the meaning of absolutism. Absolutism is a form of government in which supreme power is unlimitedly vested in one person - the monarch.
Absolutism took shape at the end of the 15th - 16th centuries.

Creation of a nationwide administrative apparatus, a permanent professional army, a state tax system, a unified state legislation and administrative structure, a unified state economic policy, etc.

2. One king - one country

WHAT DOES THIS STATEMENT MEAN?

2. One king - one country

After the end of the Hundred Years War in France, the old rights of the provinces (Normandy, Burgundy, etc.) were liquidated, they lost their independence and came under the authority of the king. In England, the king subjugated the remote northern counties and Wales to his power (the Council of the North and the Council of Wales were created).

To prevent the beginning of new feudal strife, lands were taken away from the old recalcitrant and wayward nobility, castles were destroyed, detachments of feudal lords were disbanded. Restrictions on freedoms also affected the cities that defended their ancient rights.

2. One king - one country

During the period of absolutism, the organs of class representation (the English Parliament, the Spanish Cortes, the French States General) lose their significance. Kings seek to get rid of their influence.

During the 37 years of the reign of Henry VIII, Parliament met only 21 times, and during the 45 years of the reign of his daughter Elizabeth - 13 times. The kings could not get rid of parliament altogether, but they significantly limited their influence, thereby strengthening their absolute power.

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

James I Stuart (1603-1625), who ascended the English throne after Elizabeth (1603-1625), struggled with parliament throughout his reign, limiting its role in every possible way.

James I believed that Parliament harms the affairs of government. In his speech to Parliament in 1604, the king declared that he was the sovereign master of the whole country: “I am the head, and the island is my body, I am the shepherd, and the island is my flock.”

James I Stuart

Slide #10

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

In France, absolute monarchy began to take shape by the 16th century. King Francis I of Valois (1515-1547) single-handedly made all the most important decisions, on his decrees he wrote: "For we like it." The States General in France did not become a permanent body, but met only in case of great need, by decision of the king. From 1614 to 1789 the Estates General never met.

Francis I of Valois

Slide #11

4. Centralization of the state

In England, the central administrative and executive body was the Privy Council, whose members were appointed by the king. In France, there was a council under the king, which was considered the government, but its members were also appointed by the king and carried out his will. The members of this government were princes of the blood, high spiritual ranks, financiers, lawyers, but there was a personal rule of the king in the country.

French
Estates General
in 1614

Slide #12

4. Centralization of the state

In England, most of the court cases were handled by two royal courts. The Star Chamber oversaw justice and rebellious nobles. Locally, there were elected justices of the peace (from the old aristocracy and the new nobility), but they were elected under the control of the government and the Privy Council.

English lawyer of the 16th century.

Slide #13

4. Centralization of the state

In France, the restriction of royal power was the highest judicial bodies in the provinces - parliaments. They could appeal court and government decisions. The kings were in sharp conflict with the parliaments. King Louis XIV, in a dispute with the Parlement of Paris, said: "The state is me!"

Louis XIV

Slide #14

4. Centralization of the state

The administration of the country in both England and France was carried out by officials. The positions of officials were inherited, bought. Personal dignity did not play a role - it was important to have money. Most officials did not receive payment from the state, but lived at the expense of the population (gifts, offerings, bribes).

Slide #15

2. Monarchy and nobility

In the emerging centralized states, this principle does not suit the monarchs. They strive for the complete subjugation of all classes of society.

To this end, the feudal lords are gradually deprived of their privileges and influence. Kings take on the service of the nobles (a new estate, the position of which depends entirely on its service to the king)

The old aristocracy - the feudal lords (dukes, earls, barons, marquises, baronets) strongly oppose these attempts.

Slide #16

3. Absolutism

Monarchs are striving for the maximum possible centralization of control, the concentration of all the levers of power in their own hands - ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.

Slide #17

3. Absolutism

To substantiate the claims of the king, the theory of ROYAL SOVEREIGNTY is put forward; the king does not share his authority and power with anyone.

The king unites in his hands all branches of power EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIAL decided all the main issues of domestic and foreign policy

sun king

Slide #18

3. "Bureaucratic" monarchy

Open p.79 and read the section "Bureaucratic" Monarchy"

1. What is bureaucracy? What functions does it perform?

2. Why did the kings have to endure the stubbornness and red tape of government officials?

3. What was the result of the strengthening of the bureaucracy in France?

Slide #19

4. Aristocratic opposition

Henry of Navarre

France became a model of absolutism. Henry IV restored religious peace by acting as supreme judge.
In 1610 he was killed by a religious fanatic. Power passed into the hands of Marie de Medici. Catholic aristocrats demanded the restoration of all their privileges. The "Trouble" began, which lasted 10 years.

Features of the fief system, due to the conquest of the military-political dominance of the central government, determined the formation of new powers of the crown, significant strengthening the state position of royal power.

In addition to the powers transferred from the Anglo-Saxon ancient monarchy to land grants (now free from the consent of the Hutans) and to legislation, the Norman kings during the 11th - 12th centuries. secured significant new rights. The king became the bearer of the highest military power: the fief militia-militia was in the position of the king's squad, he single-handedly determined the time of convocation and the number of militias; in this respect also revived on new basis ancient rights of the military leader of the Anglo-Saxon kings. The judicial supremacy of the king was established - not only in the form of rights to his own royal court, but also to determine all the judges in the kingdom in general, to review the decisions of lower courts, even those related to communal traditions. The administrative and police supremacy of the crown became especially significant: the authorities conducted mandatory censuses and audits of the lands and population, prohibited or restricted the movement of the population for these purposes, offenders were taken on bail on behalf of the crown, which freed them temporarily or permanently from liability, the representatives of the king began to take mandatory participation in the investigation of crimes on the ground, and from the XIII century. there were commissions of inquiry under the authority of the vice-count (a commissioner appointed by the king). The financial rights of the crown appeared already as an organizer of state taxation: the Normans introduced direct taxes, the king had the right to special fees from his vassals, the right to redemption from military service, to customs fees; additional income to the crown was provided by income from royal domains and from nationwide forests (this was also recognized as a royal prerogative), from minting coins. Finally, there was dominance over the church (in place of the former patronage of Anglo-Saxon times): the kings approved church decrees, the church’s land ownership was transferred only as royal grants, from which the clergy were obliged to bear military service and other duties.

Under the first Norman kings revived feudal assemblies(gatherings of Whitans), however, they became irregular and more numerous (at one of the meetings of the 11th century, all the landowners of England were present - up to 60 thousand people), their significance for the authorities was small. played an incomparably greater role royal court(curia regis). Here was the true center of the military, judicial, police, financial and ecclesiastical supremacy in the country, despite the fact that its institutionalization was still weak. The court also existed as a collection of vassals close to the king, as court congresses (it was believed that the laws of the country could change only with the consent of the representatives of the country); from the 12th century The General Council of the King, consisting of 20-36 of his closest servants and stewards, operates non-periodically. Courtyard by the middle of the 12th century. became the central administrative body of the country. The only stable institution in its composition so far was only the treasury of two departments: Accounts and Reception. The Treasury was located in a special hall of the Palace of Westminster. It was headed by a permanent treasurer who had professional officials at his disposal. At the court there were special judicial commissions, where royal justice was administered. Finally, from instructions to the persons of the royal court, special management functions gradually began to take shape - both palace and national. Among such persons, the first place belonged to the governor-general, or justiciar of all England. The affairs of the court were in charge of the seneschal and the mayor, and other court ranks and ranks arose. The Lord 1st Chamberlain ruled the royal household. The command of the permanent part of the army was given to the constable; in addition, there was also the title of Marshal of England. Diplomatic and special administrative affairs were led by the chancellor, usually from among the clergy. Periodically, other officials or institutions appeared and disappeared (for example, the Chamber of chessboard» in the XII century. to collect revenues), whose administrative powers also stemmed mainly from the domain rights of the king. Many offices and institutions traced their origins to the Frankish monarchy and the Duchy of Normandy. Local government was also subordinated to the central government. The position of ealdorman (earl) turned into a supreme governorship or military rank. The main burden of local government (in the counties) passed to the vice-count, or sheriff; he was both the military manager of the king, and the chairman of the local justice, and the police officer, and the manager of the domain possessions.

Reforms of Henry II.

The growth of the importance of royal power, and at the same time a centralized state court and administration, was facilitated by the transformations undertaken during the reign of the king Henry II (1154 - 1189). A whole series of reforms gave the fief monarchy a special look, different from similar institutions in continental Europe.

At the beginning of his reign, Henry II, relying on the support of cities, petty knights and free holders, suppressed numerous civil strife among the magnates; many detachments of large landowners were disbanded, their castles were torn down. The king removed most of the sheriffs who belonged to the local nobility, appointing his own nominees. Ensuring the independence of the crown from feudal squads and militias became the main motive military reform, culminating in the issuance of a special law (assises) "On weapons" (1181). basis military organization became a militia of all free people (and not just feudal feudal lords) who possessed the corresponding land holdings. It was strictly forbidden to call the non-free into the militia, and therefore to have weapons for them. All citizens and free holders of land were obliged to have special, albeit simple, weapons; knights who owned a land allotment or had an appropriate income and property had to acquire a rider's weapon or heavy defensive weapons. This military equipment was forbidden to be sold, it became, as it were, inalienable hereditary property. On the big feudal lords the duty was assigned to put up armed soldiers in accordance with the number of "knightly fiefs" in his possessions. Those who did not want to personally serve could pay off with a special tax - "shield money". The king thus received a significant financial source for the formation of a permanent mercenary army. The feudal lords turned into ordinary landowners without specific fief rights and obligations, and quantitatively the main force of the militia began to be made up of townspeople and small holders, who were inferior to chivalry in military training, but more connected with the king.

During church reform, enshrined in the "Clarendon Constitutions" (1164), the royal power tried to legally fix the supremacy of the crown over the church. The filling of vacant ecclesiastical offices was to be held under the control of the royal court through an election of several candidates, the final approval being with the king. Clerics who received fief awards from the crown partially lost their immunity: they were obliged to bear all duties from the possessions, answered to the royal court and administration in all cases related to these possessions. The king declared himself the supreme judge for church courts, without his consent the bishops could no longer excommunicate anyone from the church. The clergy themselves had to unquestioningly appear in the court of the king. Constitutions to a large extent contradicted the dogmas of the church. They were opposed by the head of the English Church, Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury. And although he was killed on the instructions of Henry, the opposition of the church and the support of the Pope significantly reduced the state results of the reform.

The judicial reform carried out by Henry II formed the institution of royal judges (see § 35), an area of \u200b\u200bspecial royal jurisdiction and secured the right to appeal to the royal court against decisions of local communal courts. It also helped to strengthen the centralizing role of royal power.

In the second half of the 12th century, including beginning to feel the need for free land holdings, the English kingdom began a slow, centuries-long conquest of neighboring Ireland. Lands were taken away from the conquered clans, which were then redistributed into private knightly awards. The beginning of the capture of Ireland significantly expanded the territory of the then English state, which traditionally included the duchies of northern France.

slide 2

LESSON PLAN

Absolutism
One king - one country
Restriction of the role of estate representation bodies
State centralization

slide 3

1. Formation of centralized states

At the beginning of the New Age, large states appeared on the territory of Europe.

How is it different from the Middle Ages?

England
France
Spain
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russian state

slide 4

1. Absolutism

"Born subjects must obey" - the meaning of absolutism. Absolutism is a form of government in which supreme power is unlimitedly vested in one person - the monarch.

Absolutism took shape at the end of the 15th - 16th centuries.

Creation of a nationwide administrative apparatus, a permanent professional army, a state tax system, a unified state legislation and administrative structure, a unified state economic policy, etc.

slide 5

2. One king - one country

WHAT DOES THIS STATEMENT MEAN?

slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

Slide 9

James I Stuart (1603-1625), who ascended the English throne after Elizabeth (1603-1625), struggled with parliament throughout his reign, limiting its role in every possible way.

James I Stuart

Slide 10

Francis I of Valois

slide 11

4. Centralization of the state

French Estates General in 1614

slide 12

English lawyer of the 16th century.

slide 13

Louis XIV

Slide 14

slide 15

2. Monarchy and nobility

In the emerging centralized states, this principle does not suit the monarchs. They strive for the complete subjugation of all classes of society.
To this end, the feudal lords are gradually deprived of their privileges and influence. Kings take on the service of the nobles (a new estate, the position of which depends entirely on its service to the king)
The old aristocracy - the feudal lords (dukes, earls, barons, marquises, baronets) strongly oppose these attempts.

slide 16

3. Absolutism

Monarchs are striving for the maximum possible centralization of control, the concentration of all the levers of power in their own hands - ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.

Slide 17

To substantiate the claims of the king, the theory of ROYAL SOVEREIGNTY is put forward; the king does not share his authority and power with anyone.

The king unites in his hands all branches of power

sun king

Slide 18

3. "Bureaucratic" monarchy

Open p.79 and read the section "Bureaucratic" Monarchy"

1. What is bureaucracy? What functions does it perform?

2. Why did the kings have to endure the stubbornness and red tape of government officials?

3. What was the result of the strengthening of the bureaucracy in France?

Slide 19

4. Aristocratic opposition

Henry of Navarre

France became a model of absolutism. Henry IV restored religious peace by acting as supreme judge.

In 1610 he was killed by a religious fanatic. Power passed into the hands of Marie de Medici. Catholic aristocrats demanded the restoration of all their privileges. The "Trouble" began, which lasted 10 years.

Maria Medici

Slide 20

Cardinal Richelieu

Under Louis XIII, thanks to Cardinal Richelieu, absolutism strengthened again - the state began to control the situation in the country. He considered the welfare of the state above dynastic, religious, feudal and other preferences.

He deprived the Huguenots of fortresses, but guaranteed religious freedom, reined in Catholics and forbade duels.

Louis XIII

slide 21

4. Sun King

Cardinal Mazarin

In 1643, 5-year-old Louis XIV became King. The regent was Cardinal Mazarin. After the death of Cardinal Mazarin in 1661. Louis XIV began to rule himself. He declared - "The state is me!" and became completely independent of his subjects. The king single-handedly decided all issues and stood guard over the rights of all classes.

Louis XIV Palace of Versailles

slide 22

The king opposed any free thought and therefore he began to persecute the Huguenots. In 1685 the Edict of Nantes was repealed.

Huge expenses for the maintenance of the royal court, luxurious balls and receptions, the construction of many palaces - royal residences ruined the country, the royal court was forced to resort to loans.

Palace of Versailles

slide 23

5. Beloved King

In 1723, Louis XVI becomes king. Great influence at court was acquired by favorites and favorites who intervened in public administration. They handed out positions, awards, monetary rewards, appointed and removed ministers. The reign of the king led the country to further ruin.

Louis XV

In the first half of the 18th century, France continued to be one of the strongest states in Europe. However, the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI led to the fact that France gradually lost its leading position in European affairs, world trade and the colonial world.

Lesson Objectives:

Comment out the expression:

Dictionary:

1. Absolutism

2. One king - one country

2. One king - one country

2. One king - one country

The main features of absolutism:

Elizabeth I Tudor - Queen of England (1558-1603)

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

Louis XIV - French "Sun King" (1643-1715)

4. Centralization of the state

4. Centralization of the state

4. Centralization of the state

4. Centralization of the state

2. Monarchy and nobility

3. Absolutism

Common economic policy

King's aspirations

The results of the transformations of Philip IV

LESSON PLAN

1. Formation of centralized states

1. Absolutism

2. One king - one country

3. Limitation of the role of estate representation bodies

4. Centralization of the state

2. Monarchy and nobility

3. Absolutism

3. "Bureaucratic" monarchy

4. Aristocratic opposition

4. Sun King

5. Beloved King

Homework

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