Municipal area Coordinates Founded City with Center height Population demonym

Shilkintsy, Shilkinets

Timezone Telephone code Postcode car code OKATO code

Story

The city owes its name to the Shilka River, known from the very beginning of the development of Transbaikalia by Russian explorers. The name "Silkar" in Evenki - a narrow valley, later in the Russified form - Shilkar, referred to the entire river from the source of the Onon River to the mouth of the Amur.

In 1897, the river flooded the administrative center of the Cossacks, the village of Mitrofanovskaya, destroyed the locomotive depot, the station and the pier, which had just begun to be built, where goods for construction came railway. Most of the Cossacks had to move to a new higher place. On the hayfields that belonged to the villages of Samsonovsky, Mitrofanovsky and Kazanovsky, a new village of Shilkinsky was formed. A station with a main locomotive depot for 6 stalls began to be built here. The construction was carried out by the 11th construction site, which had borders from the Onon-Nerchinsk station (now Priiskovaya) to the Verkhniye Klyuchi junction. By the time the road was put into operation, the station had a main and three auxiliary tracks, two dead ends (now these are the tracks of an odd park). 2 depot buildings were built, three-strand and single-strand with hoods in both directions. Office and residential buildings were located in the area of ​​​​modern Lenin and Station streets from the former railway club to the depot and in the northern part - along the current streets of Sovetskaya, Kooperativnaya and Fizkulturnaya. According to the 1910 census, there were 1652 souls of both sexes in the village, of which 560 were railway employees and workers, 408 were Cossacks, and 684 were raznochintsy.

After the commissioning of the CER and the Kaidalovskaya branch to it in 1903, the Verkhneudinsk-Chita-Manchuria route became the main line of the Trans-Baikal Railway. The Karymskaya - Sretensk section became a dead end, its development, including the Shilka station, slowed down. The book "Overview of the commercial activities of the Trans-Baikal Railway for 1912" provides data on the station. The useful length of the station tracks, except for the main one, is 2486.98 linear sazhens (the same as in 1900). Warehouses and weighing devices: warehouses - with an area of ​​25.90 square sazhens, with a capacity of 8 wagons, covered platforms - with an area of ​​26.98 square meters. fathoms with a capacity of 9 wagons, scales - one wagon and two decimal. Station staff: stationmaster, his two assistants, commercial clerk, weigher. The main cargoes: upon arrival - grain, timber; on departure - hay, grain loads, coal. In the area of ​​the station (15 - 80 versts) there are gold mines of private owners Starnovsky, Kazakov, Polutov and others. The population near the mines is up to 5 thousand people.

At the end of 1913, through traffic of trains from Blagoveshchensk to St. Petersburg was opened. The station became part of the Trans-Siberian Railway, the volume of freight traffic increased sharply. Nevertheless, the settlement of Shilka and the development of adjacent territories progressed slowly. In the village, the territory of the current Peace Square, Sotsgorod was used for hayfields, and there was still a marshy-lake area. By 1923, its population was only 2193 people.

The development of Shilka began in the second half of the 20s and, especially, in the 30s. Several factors contributed to this. Firstly, in 1926, an administrative reform was carried out in the country, the district and district division was introduced. Shilka becomes the center of the district, formed from the Shilkinskaya and Razmakhninskaya volosts, and on January 9, 1929, it receives the status of a workers' settlement. Secondly, emerging from the devastation, the young Soviet country was forced to buy various materials and equipment from foreign countries. It required gold. The gold mines of Balei and Darasun began to develop. For the latter, Shilka became a transit point. For the growing mine, and then the plant, fuel, technical materials, equipment, and food were supplied. Ore and concentrate were removed from the mine. An important factor in the subsequent development of the station was the construction of second tracks, which was carried out from 1932 to 1938. On December 5, 1933, a government decree was issued to increase the throughput and carrying capacity of the Trans-Baikal and Ussuriysk railways and to staff the roads with engineering, technical and working personnel. On the roads, it was planned to organize a network of technical railway schools with a three-year training period and factory schools. In Shilka, the FZU NKPS is being created, in 1934 175 people were accepted into it, 134 people graduated. There was also a second FZU - mining apprenticeship.

The population of the village grew rapidly. If, according to the 1926 census, 3663 people lived in Shilka, then on January 1, 1931 - 5818, on January 1, 1935 - 8600 people. It was during these years that several buildings of a locomotive depot, a turntable and an overpass, an even park of the station, water supply from the Shilka River (before that there was a small water pump from the Kiya River), a railway station, a hospital, a school, a power station, a large residential area called Sotsgorod .

In 1932, the Shilkinskaya signaling and communication distance was organized within the borders of the Chinese junction (Tarskaya) - Pashennaya station (Chernyshevsk), including branches to Nerchinsk, Sretensk, Bukachacha. In the same year, the state farm DorURS was created, the first director of which was the locomotive depot engineer D. A. Mogirev. In 1935, a wagon section was organized, the head of which was F. A. Monakhov. In 1936, the Shilkinsky operational department was organized within the boundaries of Karymskaya - Ukurei. In 1939, a power plant with a capacity of 996 kW, built by AmurLAG, was put into operation. R.M. Brumer was appointed its first head.

By the end of the 30s, Shilka became a powerful station with a large track development, a full range of railway enterprises. The fact that its importance in the life of the road has grown is evidenced by the fact that in March 1939, Anton Kolbin, a blacksmith of the Shilkinsky locomotive depot, was elected a delegate to the XVIII Party Congress from the railroad workers of Zabaikalskaya. These are some little-known pages of the history of the station and the city of Shilki.

Climate

• Average annual air temperature - -0.8 °C
• Relative humidity - 61.9%
• Average wind speed - 3.4 m/s

Climate Shilka
Index	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	sen	Oct	But I	Dec	Year
Average temperature, °C	−24,1	−18,9	−9,1	1,9	10,5	16,9	19,2	16,8	9,5	0,5	−12,3	−21,7	−0,8
Source: NASA. RETScreen database

Education and science

Schools:

• Secondary School No. 1
• Secondary School No. 2
• Secondary School No. 51
• Secondary School No. 52

Schools:

• PU-16

Famous people

The writer P. K. Rozhnova was born in Shilka.

mass media

Curious fact

One of the verses of the song “Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal…” begins with the words: “Shilka and Nerchinsk are not terrible now…” This is connected, apparently, with the point for the transfer of prisoners that previously existed in Shilka.

Literature

1. Shilkinsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory, Novosibirsk, Nauka publishing house.
2. Oleg Sergeevich Kozhin, Shilkinsky district from ancient times to the present day: Geography, geology, development history, research, Express publishing house (Chita, 2007).

Notes

Links

Administrative center: Chita
Cities: Balei | Greyhound | Krasnokamensk | Mogocha | Nerchinsk | Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky | Sretensk | Khilok | Shilka

Administrative-territorial division:

Municipal areas:

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Flag of Shilka (city)	Coat of arms of Shilka (city)
Country	Russia
Subject of the federation	Zabaykalsky Krai
Municipal area	Shilkinsky
Coordinates	Coordinates: 51°51′00″ s. sh. 116°02′00″ E  / 51.85° N sh. 116.033333° E d. (G) (O) (I) 51°51′00″ s. sh. 116°02′00″ E  / 51.85° N sh. 116.033333° E d. (G) (O) (I)
Chapter	Nikiforova Natalya Grigorievna
demonym	Shilkintsy, Shilkinets
City with	1951
Center height	490 m
Postcode	673370
Population	▼ 13,991 people (2010)
Telephone code	+7 30244
car code	75, 80
Timezone	UTC+10
OKATO code	76 254 501
Founded	1897

Railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

Curious fact

One of the verses of the song “Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal…” begins with the words: “Shilka and Nerchinsk are not terrible now…” This is connected, apparently, with the point for the transfer of prisoners that previously existed in Shilka.

Climate

• Average annual air temperature - 0.8 °C
• Average wind speed - 3.4 m/s
• Relative humidity - 61.9%

Climate Shilka
Index	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	sen	Oct	But I	Dec	Year
Average temperature, °C	24,1	18,9	9,1	1,9	10,5	16,9	19,2	16,8	9,5	0,5	12,3	21,7	0,8

Mass media

Newspapers and magazines

• Newspaper "Shilkinskaya Pravda"

Story

The city owes its name to the Shilka River, known from the very beginning of the development of Transbaikalia by Russian explorers. The name "Silkar" in Evenki - a narrow valley, later in the Russified form - Shilkar, referred to the entire river from the source of the Onon River to the mouth of the Amur.

In 1897, the river flooded the administrative center of the Cossacks, the village of Mitrofanovskaya, destroyed the locomotive depot, the station and the pier, which had just begun to be built, where goods for the construction of the railway came. Most of the Cossacks had to move to a new higher place. On the hayfields that belonged to the villages of Samsonovsky, Mitrofanovsky and Kazanovsky, a new village of Shilkinsky was formed. A station with a main locomotive depot for 6 stalls began to be built here. The construction was carried out by the 11th construction site, which had borders from the Onon-Nerchinsk station (now Priiskovaya) to the Verkhniye Klyuchi junction. By the time the road was put into operation, the station had a main and three auxiliary tracks, two dead ends (now these are the tracks of an odd park). 2 depot buildings were built, three-strand and single-strand with hoods in both directions. Office and residential buildings were located in the area of ​​​​modern Lenin and Station streets from the former railway club to the depot and in the northern part - along the current streets of Sovetskaya, Kooperativnaya and Fizkulturnaya. According to the 1910 census, there were 1652 souls of both sexes in the village, of which 560 were railway employees and workers, 408 were Cossacks, and 684 were raznochintsy.

We are smoothly moving from the ZSU-57-2 to the great (and I’m not at all afraid of this word) successor. "Shaitan-arbe" - "Shilke".

You can talk about this complex endlessly, but one is enough short phrase: "In service since 1965." And enough, by and large.

... The history of creation was replicated in such a way that it is unrealistic to add something new or piquant, but speaking of the Shilka, one cannot fail to note a few facts that simply enter the Shilka into our military history.

So, the 60s of the last century. Jet planes have already ceased to be a miracle, representing a completely serious striking force. With completely different speeds and maneuverability. Helicopters also stood on the screw and were considered not only as vehicle, but also as a pretty decent weapon platform.

And most importantly, helicopters began to try to catch up with the planes of the Second World War, and the planes completely overtook their predecessors.

And something had to be done about all this. Especially at the army level, "in the fields."

Yes, anti-aircraft missile systems appeared. Still stationary. A promising thing, but in the future. But the main load was still carried by anti-aircraft guns of all sizes and calibers.

We have already talked about the ZSU-57-2 and the difficulties encountered by the calculations of installations when working on low-flying fast targets. Anti-aircraft systems ZU-23, ZP-37, ZSU-57 could hit high-speed targets by accident. shells installations, impact action, without a fuse, for a guaranteed defeat they had to hit the target itself. How high was the probability of a direct hit, I can not judge.

Things were somewhat better with batteries of S-60 anti-aircraft guns, which could be guided automatically according to the data of the RPK-1 radio instrument complex.

But in general, there was no longer any talk of any accurate anti-aircraft fire. Anti-aircraft guns could put a barrier in front of the aircraft, force the pilot to drop bombs or launch missiles with less accuracy.

"Shilka" was a breakthrough in the field of hitting flying targets at low altitudes. Plus mobility, which has already been evaluated by the ZSU-57-2. But the main thing is accuracy.

General Designer Nikolai Alexandrovich Astrov managed to create an incomparable machine that proved to be excellent in combat conditions. And more than once.

Small amphibious tanks T-38 and T-40, tracked armored tractor T-20 "Komsomolets", light tanks T-30, T-60, T-70, self-propelled gun SU-76M. And other, less known or not included in the series models.

What is the ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"?

Perhaps we should start with purpose.

"Shilka" is designed to protect the combat formations of troops, columns on the march, stationary objects and railway echelons from an attack by an air enemy at altitudes from 100 to 1500 meters, at ranges from 200 to 2500 meters at a target speed of up to 450 m / s. "Shilka" can fire from a place and on the move, equipped with equipment that provides an autonomous circular and sector search for targets, their tracking, and the development of gun pointing angles.

The armament of the complex consists of a 23-mm quad automatic anti-aircraft gun AZP-23 "Amur" and a system of power drives designed for guidance.

The second component of the complex is the RPK-2M radar-instrument complex. Its purpose is also clear. Guidance and fire control.

This particular machine was modernized in the late 80s, judging by the commander's triplex and night sight.

An important aspect: "Shilka" can work with both radar and conventional sighting optical aiming device.

The locator provides search, detection, automatic tracking of the target, determines its coordinates. But in the mid-1970s, the Americans invented and began arming aircraft with missiles that could find a locator using a radar beam and hit it. This is where simplicity comes in handy.

Third component. Chassis GM-575, on which everything, in fact, is mounted.

The Shilka crew consists of four people: a ZSU commander, a search-gunner operator, a range operator and a driver.

The driver is the most thieves member of the crew. It is in simply stunning luxury, compared to others.

The rest are in the tower, where not only is it cramped and, as in a normal tank, there is something to put your head on, it can also (it seemed to us) to apply a current easily and naturally. Very closely.

Places for range operator and gunner-operator. Top view in a hung condition.

Locator Screen

Analog electronics... You look with awe. From the round screen of the oscilloscope, apparently, the operator determined the range ... Wow ...

Shilka received its baptism of fire during the so-called "War of Attrition" of 1967-70 between Israel and Egypt as part of the Egyptian air defense. And after that, the complex has two dozen more local wars and conflicts. Mainly in the Middle East.

But Shilka received special recognition in Afghanistan. And the honorary nickname "Shaitan-arba" among the Mujahideen. The best way to calm an ambush organized in the mountains is to use the Shilka. A long burst of four barrels and a subsequent shower of high-explosive shells at the intended positions - the best remedy, which saved more than one hundred lives of our soldiers.

By the way, the fuse worked quite normally when it hit an adobe wall. And the attempt to hide behind the duvals of the villages usually did not lead to anything good for the dushmans ...

Considering that the Afghan partisans did not have aviation, Shilka fully realized its potential for firing at ground targets in the mountains.

Moreover, a special "Afghan version" was created: a radio instrumentation complex was withdrawn, which was completely unnecessary in those conditions. Due to him, the ammunition load was increased from 2000 to 4000 rounds and a night sight was installed.

By the end of our troops' stay in the DRA, the columns escorted by the Shilka were rarely attacked. This is also a confession.

It can also be considered recognition that the Shilka is still in service in our army. Over 30 years. Yes, this is far from the same car that started its career in Egypt. "Shilka" underwent (successfully) more than one deep modernization, and one of these modernizations even received a proper name, ZSU-23-4M "Biryusa".

39 countries, and not only our "true friends", have purchased these machines from the Soviet Union.

And today in service Russian army"Shilki" are also listed. But these are completely different machines, which are worth a separate story.

internal division

Sotsgorod, Railway town, Agricultural Dorurs, Northern, Argun, Center, 7th district, Experimental

Chapter

Sivolap Sergey Nikolaevich

Founded First mention Square Center height Population Density

123.65 people/km²

Names of residents

Shilkintsy, Shilkinets

Timezone Telephone code Postcode car code OKATO code

Story

The city owes its name to the Shilka River, known from the very beginning of the development of Transbaikalia by Russian explorers. The name "Silkar" in Evenki - a narrow valley, later in the Russified form - Shilkar, referred to the entire river from the source of the Onon River to the mouth of the Amur. The village of Shilka has gained fame since 1765 as a Cossack guard Shilkinsky on the left bank of the river. The first to settle here were the Cossacks of the village of Mitrofanovskaya Zabaykalsky Cossack army who were attracted by the fertile lands in the river valley.

Education and science

Schools

• Secondary School No. 1
• Secondary School No. 2
• Secondary School No. 51
• Secondary School No. 52
• open school

schools

• Multidisciplinary Lyceum

Kindergartens

• Kindergarten No. 3 "Asterisk"
• Kindergarten No. 2 "Swallow"
• Kindergarten No. 23 "Bee"
• Kindergarten No. 110 "Smile"
• Kindergarten "Rodnichok"

Orphanages

• Shilkinsky Orphanage-School

healthcare

• Shilkinskaya Central District Hospital
• Railway polyclinic at st. Shilka

Transport infrastructure

Shilka is a district station of the Trans-Baikal Railway. A few kilometers from the city passes the federal road "Amur". Also pass car roads regional significance. Until the 90s there was an airfield. Public transport is represented by a single bus route:

• Route number 1. Kibasovo-ATP-Mkr. Argun-s / x Dorurs.

mass media

TV

For 2014, 10 TV channels and 3 radio channels of digital TV (“First Multiplex”) broadcast in Shilka. Available in analog mode:

• First channel
• Russia 1
• Silkari (local TV studio, operating since 2000)

Radio

• Radio Russia 69.8 VHF
• Radio Siberia 102.0 FM

Printed publications

• Weekly regional newspaper "Shilkinskaya Pravda"

Religion

• Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Built in 1905
• Church of Evangelical Christian Baptists
• Temple-chapel in honor of the Icon of the Mother of God "Education".

People associated with the city

• Badanin Vasily Ivanovich (1920-1994) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Borodin Nikolai Vasilyevich (1918-1946) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Glazov Nikolai Elizarovich (1919-1943) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Puzyrev Fedor Mikhailovich (1920-2003) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, The hero of the USSR. Honorable Sir Chita region. Honorary citizen of the city of Shilki.
• Rozhnova Polina Konstantinovna - writer.
• Sobolev Afanasy Petrovich (1919-1958) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Vishnyakov Mikhail Evseevich - poet, writer.
• Balyabin Frol Emelyanovich - Commander of the Argun and Daursky regiments. Arrived in Shilka in 1919, organizing a meeting to gather for the Daurian Front. A street was named after him in the 1930s.
• Klokov Petr Yakovlevich (1924-1989) - Hero Soviet Union. Major of the Soviet army.

Cultural heritage sites

• stone mill
• The building of the pre-revolutionary railway station
• Railwaymen's Club (burnt down in 1995)
• Old buildings on the street. Station and School
• Old houses on the street. Komsomolskaya, Borodina, Lenina
• The estate of the merchant G. Polutov on the street. Tolstoy, 41(now located Kindergarten"Star")
• Mass grave of the head of the OGPU Ishchenko F. A. and policeman Zubarev V.
• Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul

Archeology

• At 6 km from the city there is a burial ground and the Xiongnu settlement, one of the largest in Eastern Transbaikalia. It is located on a wide clearing on the left bank of the Kiya River.
• The city has an old cemetery (19th century) with inscriptions in Old Russian

Old and modern names of Shilka streets

Year of renaming	year of renaming	Modern name
Soviet	1995	Badanina
Cooperative	1965	Borodin
Physical education	unknown	Borodin
trade union	early 60s	Lenin
Lugovaya	1975	Sobolev
1st Peasant	1967	Glazova
Eastern	1983	Shkolina
Shilkinskaya	2006	Puzyreva
Nagornaya (most of the street)	1951	Komsomolskaya

Heads of Shilka in different years

Dedyukhin S. I. (1931-1933), Goncharov (the first chairman of the village council), Nomokonov A. A., F. P. Mashukov., V. I. Ivanov, S N. Okladnikov, N. G. Sergeev ( 1950s) , A. A. Pozdnyakov (1978-1980), V. V. Ivanov, V. S. Kotelnikov, N. I. Tereshchenko, A. I. Malkov, A. P. Gamov, N. A Spiridonov, N. G. Nikiforova (2008-2012)

Curious facts

• One of the verses of the song “Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal…” begins with the words: “Shilka and Nerchinsk are not terrible now…” This is connected, apparently, with the point for the transfer of prisoners that previously existed in Shilka.
• In the middle of the 19th century, members of a religious sect, eunuchs, served their sentences.
• Shilkinskaya street in Vladivostok

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Literature

1. Shilkinsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory, Novosibirsk, Nauka publishing house.
2. Oleg Sergeevich Kozhin, Shilkinsky district from ancient times to the present day: Geography, geology, development history, research, Express publishing house (Chita, 2007).
3. newspaper "Shilkinskaya Pravda" dated August 26, 2011
4. Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia 4th volume.

Notes

1. www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population Russian Federation on municipalities as of January 1, 2016
2. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
3. . Retrieved October 7, 2013. .
4. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
5. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
6. . .
7. . .
8. . Retrieved 2 January 2014. .
9. . Retrieved September 11, 2014. .
10. . Retrieved May 31, 2014. .
11. . Retrieved November 16, 2013. .
12. . Retrieved 2 August 2014. .
13. . Retrieved August 6, 2015. .
14. taking into account the cities of Crimea

Links

• in the Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia.

An excerpt characterizing Shilka (city)

“Here, Your Excellency, I saw the attack of the Pavlogradites,” Zherkov, looking around uneasily, intervened, who did not see the hussars at all that day, but only heard about them from an infantry officer. - They crushed two squares, your excellency.
Some smiled at Zherkov's words, as they always expected a joke from him; but, noticing that what he said was also leaning towards the glory of our weapons and of the present day, they took on a serious expression, although many knew very well that what Zherkov said was a lie, based on nothing. Prince Bagration turned to the old colonel.
- Thank you all, gentlemen, all units acted heroically: infantry, cavalry and artillery. How are two guns left in the center? he asked, looking for someone with his eyes. (Prince Bagration did not ask about the guns on the left flank; he already knew that all the guns were thrown there at the very beginning of the case.) “I think I asked you,” he turned to the staff officer on duty.
- One was hit, - the officer on duty answered, - and the other, I cannot understand; I myself was there all the time and took orders, and I had just left... It was hot, really,' he added modestly.
Someone said that Captain Tushin was standing here near the village itself, and that he had already been sent for.
“Yes, here you were,” said Prince Bagration, turning to Prince Andrei.
“Well, we didn’t get together a bit,” said the officer on duty at the headquarters, smiling pleasantly at Bolkonsky.
“I didn’t have the pleasure of seeing you,” Prince Andrei said coldly and curtly.
Everyone was silent. Tushin appeared on the threshold, timidly making his way from behind the generals. Bypassing the generals in a cramped hut, embarrassed, as always, at the sight of his superiors, Tushin did not see the flagpole and stumbled on it. Several voices laughed.
How was the weapon left? Bagration asked, frowning not so much at the captain as at those laughing, among whom Zherkov's voice was the loudest.
Tushin now only, at the sight of the formidable authorities, in all horror imagined his guilt and shame in the fact that he, having remained alive, had lost two guns. He was so excited that until now he had no time to think about it. The laughter of the officers confused him even more. He stood in front of Bagration with a trembling lower jaw and barely said:
“I don’t know… Your Excellency… There were no people, Your Excellency.”
- You could take it from cover!
That there was no cover, Tushin did not say this, although it was the absolute truth. He was afraid to let the other boss down by this and silently, with fixed eyes, looked straight into Bagration's face, just as a student who has gone astray looks into the examiner's eyes.
The silence was quite long. Prince Bagration, apparently not wanting to be strict, did not have anything to say; the rest did not dare to intervene in the conversation. Prince Andrei looked at Tushin from under his brows, and his fingers moved nervously.
“Your Excellency,” Prince Andrei interrupted the silence with his harsh voice, “you deigned to send me to Captain Tushin’s battery. I was there and found two-thirds of the men and horses killed, two guns mangled, and no cover.
Prince Bagration and Tushin were now equally stubbornly looking at Bolkonsky, who spoke with restraint and excitement.
“And if, Your Excellency, let me express my opinion,” he continued, “the success of the day we owe most of all to the action of this battery and the heroic stamina of Captain Tushin with his company,” said Prince Andrei and, without waiting for an answer, immediately got up and walked away from the table.
Prince Bagration looked at Tushin and, apparently not wanting to show distrust of Bolkonsky's sharp judgment and, at the same time, feeling unable to fully believe him, bowed his head and told Tushin that he could go. Prince Andrew followed him.
“Thank you, you helped me out, my dear,” Tushin told him.
Prince Andrei glanced at Tushin and, without saying anything, walked away from him. Prince Andrei was sad and hard. It was all so strange, so unlike what he had hoped.

"Who are they? Why are they? What do they need? And when will it all end?" thought Rostov, looking at the changing shadows before him. The pain in my arm was getting worse and worse. Sleep became irresistible, red circles jumped in my eyes, and the impression of these voices and these faces and the feeling of loneliness merged with the feeling of pain. It was they, these soldiers, wounded and unwounded, it was they who pressed, and weighed, and twisted the veins, and burned the meat in his broken arm and shoulder. To get rid of them, he closed his eyes.
He forgot himself for one minute, but during this short interval of oblivion he dreamed of an innumerable number of objects: he saw his mother and her big white hand, saw Sonya's thin shoulders, Natasha's eyes and laughter, and Denisov with his voice and mustache, and Telyanin, and his whole history with Telyanin and Bogdanych. This whole story was one and the same, that this soldier with a sharp voice, and this and that whole story, and this and that soldier so painfully, relentlessly held, crushed, and all in one direction pulled his hand. He tried to move away from them, but they did not let go of his hair, not even for a second on his shoulder. It wouldn't hurt, it would be great if they didn't pull it; but it was impossible to get rid of them.
He opened his eyes and looked up. The black canopy of night hung a yard above the light of the coals. Powders of falling snow flew in this light. Tushin did not return, the doctor did not come. He was alone, only some kind of soldier was now sitting naked on the other side of the fire and warming his thin yellow body.
"No one wants me! thought Rostov. - No one to help or pity. And I was once at home, strong, cheerful, beloved. He sighed and groaned involuntarily.
- What hurts? - asked the soldier, shaking his shirt over the fire, and without waiting for an answer, grunting, added: - You never know they spoiled the people in a day - passion!
Rostov did not listen to the soldier. He looked at the snowflakes fluttering over the fire and recalled the Russian winter with a warm, bright house, a fluffy fur coat, a fast sleigh, a healthy body, and with all the love and care of the family. "And why did I come here!" he thought.
The next day, the French did not resume their attacks, and the remnant of the Bagration detachment joined Kutuzov's army.

Prince Vasily did not consider his plans. He even less thought to do evil to people in order to gain an advantage. He was only a man of the world who had succeeded in the world and made a habit out of this success. Depending on the circumstances, according to his rapprochement with people, he constantly drew up various plans and considerations, in which he himself did not fully realize, but which constituted the whole interest of his life. Not one or two such plans and considerations happened to him in use, but dozens, of which some were just beginning to appear to him, others were achieved, and still others were destroyed. He did not say to himself, for example: “This man is now in power, I must gain his trust and friendship and through him arrange for a lump-sum allowance,” or he did not say to himself: “Here, Pierre is rich, I must lure him to marry his daughter and borrow the 40,000 I need”; but a man in strength met him, and at that very moment instinct told him that this man could be useful, and Prince Vasily approached him and at the first opportunity, without preparation, instinctively, flattered, became familiar, talked about that, about what was needed.
Pierre was at his fingertips in Moscow, and Prince Vasily arranged for him to be appointed to the Junker Chamber, which then equaled the rank of State Councilor, and insisted that the young man go with him to Petersburg and stay at his house. As if absent-mindedly and at the same time with undoubted confidence that this should be so, Prince Vasily did everything that was necessary in order to marry Pierre to his daughter. If Prince Vasily had thought ahead of his plans, he could not have had such naturalness in his manners and such simplicity and familiarity in dealing with all people placed above and below himself. Something constantly attracted him to people stronger or richer than him, and he was gifted with a rare art of seizing precisely that moment when it was necessary and possible to use people.
Pierre, having suddenly become rich and Count Bezukhy, after recent loneliness and carelessness, felt himself surrounded and busy to such an extent that he only managed to remain alone in bed with himself. He had to sign papers, deal with government offices, the meaning of which he did not have a clear idea, ask the general manager about something, go to an estate near Moscow and receive many people who previously did not even want to know about its existence, but now would be offended and upset if he did not want to see them. All these diverse faces - businessmen, relatives, acquaintances - were all equally well, affectionately disposed towards the young heir; all of them, obviously and undoubtedly, were convinced of the high merits of Pierre. Incessantly he heard the words: "With your extraordinary kindness" or "with your beautiful heart", or "you yourself are so pure, count ..." or "if he were as smart as you", etc., so he he sincerely began to believe in his extraordinary kindness and his extraordinary mind, all the more so since it always seemed to him, in the depths of his soul, that he was really very kind and very clever. Even people who were previously angry and obviously hostile became tender and loving with him. Such an angry eldest of the princesses, with a long waist, with her hair smoothed like a doll's, came to Pierre's room after the funeral. Lowering her eyes and constantly flashing, she told him that she was very sorry for the misunderstandings that had been between them and that now she did not feel entitled to ask anything, except for permission, after the stroke that had befallen her, to stay for several weeks in the house that she loved so much and where made so many sacrifices. She could not help but cry at these words. Touched by the fact that this statue-like princess could have changed so much, Pierre took her by the hand and asked for forgiveness, without knowing why. From that day on, the princess began to knit a striped scarf for Pierre and completely changed towards him.
“Do it for her, mon cher; all the same, she suffered a lot from the deceased, ”Prince Vasily told him, letting him sign some kind of paper in favor of the princess.
Prince Vasily decided that this bone, a bill of 30 tons, should still be thrown to the poor princess so that it would not occur to her to talk about the participation of Prince Vasily in the case of the mosaic portfolio. Pierre signed the bill, and since then the princess has become even kinder. The younger sisters also became affectionate towards him, especially the youngest, pretty, with a mole, often embarrassed Pierre with her smiles and embarrassment at the sight of him.
It seemed so natural to Pierre that everyone loved him, it would seem so unnatural if someone did not love him, that he could not help but believe in the sincerity of the people around him. Moreover, he did not have time to ask himself about the sincerity or insincerity of these people. He constantly had no time, he constantly felt himself in a state of meek and cheerful intoxication. He felt himself to be the center of some important general movement; felt that something was constantly expected of him; that if he didn’t do this, he would upset many and deprive them of what they expected, but if he did this and that, everything would be fine, and he did what was demanded of him, but this something good still remained ahead.
More than anyone else in this first time, both Pierre's affairs and himself were mastered by Prince Vasily. Since the death of Count Earless, he has not let go of Pierre. Prince Vasily looked like a man weighed down by deeds, tired, exhausted, but out of compassion he could not finally leave this helpless young man, the son of his friend, apres tout, [in the end] and with such a huge fortune. In those few days that he spent in Moscow after the death of Count Bezukhy, he called Pierre to him or came to him himself and ordered him what needed to be done, in such a tone of fatigue and confidence, as if he always said:
"Vous savez, que je suis accable d" affaires et que ce n "est que par pure charite, que je m" occupe de vous, et puis vous savez bien, que ce que je vous propose est la seule chose faisable. You know, I'm overwhelmed with business; but it would be ruthless to leave you like that; of course, what I'm telling you is the only possible one.]
“Well, my friend, we’re leaving tomorrow, finally,” he once said to him, closing his eyes, running his fingers over his elbow and in such a tone as if what he was saying had been decided a long time ago between them and could not have been decided otherwise.
- Tomorrow we are going, I give you a place in my carriage. I am very happy. Here we have everything important. And I should have for a long time. Here's what I got from the Chancellor. I asked him about you, and you are enrolled in the diplomatic corps and made chamber junker. Now the diplomatic road is open to you.
Despite all the strength of the tone of fatigue and the confidence with which these words were uttered, Pierre, who had been thinking about his career for so long, wanted to object. But Prince Vasily interrupted him in that cooing, bass tone, which ruled out the possibility of interrupting his speech and which he used in case of need for extreme persuasion.
- Mais, mon cher, [But, my dear,] I did it for myself, for my conscience, and there is nothing to thank me for. No one ever complained that he was too loved; and then, you are free, even if you quit tomorrow. Here you will see everything yourself in St. Petersburg. And it's time for you to move away from these terrible memories. Prince Vasily sighed. Yes, yes, my soul. And let my valet ride in your carriage. Oh yes, I had forgotten, ”Prince Vasily added,“ you know, mon cher, that we had accounts with the deceased, so I received from Ryazan and will leave it: you don’t need it. We agree with you.
What Prince Vasily called from "Ryazan" was several thousand dues, which Prince Vasily left with himself.
Petersburg, as well as in Moscow, the atmosphere of tender, loving people surrounded Pierre. He could not refuse the place or, rather, the title (because he did nothing) that Prince Vasily brought him, and there were so many acquaintances, calls and social activities that Pierre, even more than in Moscow, experienced a feeling of haziness, haste and everything that comes, but does not happen any good.
From his former bachelor society, many were not in St. Petersburg. The Guard went on the march. Dolokhov was demoted, Anatole was in the army, in the provinces, Prince Andrei was abroad, and therefore Pierre could neither spend the nights, as he used to like to spend them, nor occasionally take his soul in a friendly conversation with an older respected friend. All the time it was held at dinners, balls, and mainly with Prince Vasily - in the company of the fat princess, his wife, and the beautiful Helen.
Anna Pavlovna Scherer, like others, showed Pierre the change that had taken place in the public view of him.
Previously, in the presence of Anna Pavlovna, Pierre constantly felt that what he was saying was indecent, tactless, not what was needed; that his speeches, which seem clever to him, while he is preparing them in his imagination, become stupid as soon as he speaks out loud, and that, on the contrary, the most stupid speeches of Hippolytus come out clever and sweet. Now everything he said came out charmant. Even if Anna Pavlovna did not say this, he saw that she wanted to say it, and she only, in respect of his modesty, refrained from doing so.