Tasks for the school stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in geography in the 2016-2017 academic year. 7th grade. Total points - 46.5 points. 1st round (test). The maximum number of points is 21.

Second round (theoretical)
Maximum points - 25.5 points
Give short written answers to questions

1. Which of the following trees does not exist in nature?

Sausage, dairy, candle, soap, bottled.

Give a detailed description of those trees that exist.
0.5 points for a correct answer and 2 points for a detailed description (Total 12.5 points)

2. Read the words. Write down from this list those that make up the groups. Name each group.

Chernozem, mouth, tornado, island, wolf, red earth, dry wind, riverbed, snow, podzol, snowstorm, bend, source, breeze, volcano, koala, typhoon.
3 points for each correct group (Total 9 points)

3. A group of tourists left the camp when the North Star was visible ahead. The travelers spent the night and, waking up in the morning, went back to the camp. From which direction should they see the rising sun.
1 point

4. The definition of this word is given in the explanatory dictionary by V. Dahl: “An equinox or equinox, under which days and nights are always equal, and the latitude of the place is zero.” What's this?
2 points

Geography as a science and subject area is distinguished by a number of distinctive features. First of all, this is the specificity of the object of study - earth's surface and its territorial differentiation due to the action of both natural and socio-economic factors. As a result, geography uses a synthesis of knowledge and methodological approaches related to both natural and social sciences. Along with the, hallmark Geography is a spatial approach that involves the projection of the entire studied set of objects and phenomena (natural and socio-economic) onto the territory. Olympiad tasks compiled taking into account the specifics of the subject. Includes 2 rounds: test - 25 tasks and analytical - 5 tasks

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Stage 1 tasks

All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in geography 2015 - 2016 academic year. 10 - 11 grade.

Time to complete the work - 2 hours (120 minutes).

The work is carried out without the use of geographical atlases, maps, reference books and other sources of information.

TESTS:

The task includes 25 questions, each of which has 4 possible answers. For each question, choose only one answer that you think is the most complete and correct.

1. Which of the currents of the World Ocean is cold?

A. Agulyasskoye (Cape of Needles)

B. Alaska

V. Benguela

City of West Spitsbergen

2. The colony of which country was the Union Territory of India Pondicherry (Puducherry) until 1954?

A. Netherlands

B. Portugal

B. France

G. China

3. What is the main danger to humans is the emergence of "ozone holes"?

A. Increasing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation harmful to living organisms

B. Reducing the intensity of ultraviolet solar radiation, in small doses, necessary for living organisms; expansion of areas of its deficiency

B. Increased greenhouse effect and global warming

D. Melting Arctic and Antarctic ice due to increased incoming solar radiation

4. What people make up the largest national minority in Romania?

A. Slovaks

B. Ukrainians

B. Bulgarians

G. Hungarians

5. The delta of which of these rivers is located entirely in India?

A. Indus

B. Ganges

V. Brahmaputra

G. Godavari

6. Choose one false statement about Iceland.

A. Iceland is a member of NATO

B. Iceland is a member of the European Union

B. Iceland is part of the Schengen area

D. Iceland does not currently recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

7. What should be the angle of inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of the ecliptic, so that in Moscow exactly once a year the sun does not set beyond the horizon - does not rise from behind the horizon?

A.24.8º

B. 34.3º

B. 45.5º

D. 55.8º

8. What is sludge?

A. Water ice

B. Bottom ice

B. Ice growths in the form of stratifications

D. Strips of water free of ice

9. Which line correctly identifies three peoples belonging to the same language family?

A. Hindustanis, Germans, Kurds

B. Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese

W. Basques, Egyptians, Bantu

G. Tamils, Hindustanis, Thais

10. Choose the option that names two historical and cultural regions of Portugal.

A. Banat and Wallachia

B. Galicia and Extremadura

V. Marche and Umbria

G. Algarve and Minho

11. What natural area occupies smallest area within Russia?

A. Broad-leaved forests

B. Deserts and semi-deserts of the temperate zone

V. Arctic deserts

G. Mediterranean subtropics

12. What kind of forests are gallery forests?

A. Kolki

B. Listvyagi

V. Tugai

G. Gilei

13. The grid of parallels and meridians of which normal projection is shown in the figure?

A. Direct azimuth

B. Oblique azimuth

B. Lateral azimuth

G. Pseudoazimuth

14. At what top geological age of its constituent rocks is about 350 million years old?

A. Mount Belukha

B. Mount Elbrus

V. Mount Yudychvumchorr

G. Klyuchevskaya Sopka

15. Select the option that lists countries in each of which the share of arable land in the structure of the land fund is more than 30%.

A. Laos, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Greece

B. Honduras, Andorra, Slovenia, Bhutan

B. Denmark, Rwanda, Poland, Nigeria

C. Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Panama, Myanmar

16. An island is highlighted on a fragment of the map ...

A. Sicily

B. Cyprus

V. Crete

G. Sardinia

17. Find a match between the country and the list of its main export products:

Countries	Export products
1) Guinea	A) Cocoa beans, coffee, wood, timber
2) Ivory Coast	B) Iron ores, rubber, coffee, cocoa beans, wood
3) Liberia	B) bauxite, alumina, diamonds
4) Morocco	D) Copra, cinnamon, fish
5) Namibia	D) Uranium, diamonds, metal ores
6) Seychelles	E) phosphorites, phosphoric acid, fertilizers, fish, vegetables, citrus fruits

ANSWER:

Country	Export products

18. What was the name of the ship on which Thor Heyerdahl sailed from the coast of Peru to Polynesia in 1947?

A. Kon-Tiki

B. Ra

B. Ra II

G. Tigris

19. What form of relief is shown in the figure? How is it formed?

ANSWER:

20. Which of the following countries has fewer neighbors?

A. Belarus

B. Slovakia

V. Czech Republic

G. Portugal

21. Which lake has NOT been visited by the outstanding Russian geographer N.M. Przhevalsky?

A. Taimyr

B. Issyk-Kul

V. Kukunor

G. Khanka

22. Which of the intercontinental straits is the widest?

A. Bab-el-Mandebsky

B. Beringov

W. Bosphorus

G. Gibraltar

23. Which of the landforms is of anthropogenic origin?

A. drumlin

B. ponor

V. waste heap

G. circus

24. Which of the named scales corresponds to the numerical 1:25,000,000?

A. in 1 cm 2 500 km

B. in 1 cm 250 km

V. in 1 cm 25 km

G. in 1 cm 2.5 km

25. . In what place is the type of climate the same as at the point with coordinates 37 ° N. and 122°W?

A. 36°N and 140° E

B. 33° S and 19° E

E. 46°S and 68°W

D. 41° S and 175° E

Theoretical round:

Exercise 1.

1. On this map, countries - members of one of the international organizations are highlighted. Which organization's members are shown on the map? Where is the headquarters of this organization? Based on the descriptions of the member countries of this organization below, determine which countries they are and answer additional questions. Can membership in this organization be beneficial for Russia (give a detailed answer).

Organization __________________ Headquarters _______________________

Assessment of Russia's Potential Membership:__________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Country 1. This country has the most large lake on your continent. In the basin of this lake there are large reserves of resources, thanks to which this country is included in the desired international organization. In addition, this country is one of the initiators of the creation of this international organization. What lake are you talking about?

Country ____________________ Lake ______________________

Country 2. This country was the last (in 2007) to join the organization. This country gained independence in 1975, in connection with a coup d'état in the metropolitan country. In the south of the country there is a part of the desert, consonant with the name of another country and formed due to the cold ocean current. Name the country the metropolis, the name of the desert, the cold current.

Country _______________________ Metropolitan area _______________ _________

Desert _____________________ Current ____________________________

Country 3. This country left the organization, but in 2007 became a member again. The capital is not the largest city in the country. To the territory given state includes the archipelago, observations on which helped Charles Darwin form the theory of evolution. name The largest city countries and archipelago.

Country _________Largest City ___________Archipelago ____________

Country 4. The largest city of this former British colony is one of the most populated not only on its continent, but also in the world. Among other languages, Hausa and Igbo are widely spoken among the local population. Name the largest city in the country.

Country _________________ Largest City _____________________________

Task 2. Identify the top four countries in the production of some crop:

Since the 1990s, the first country has been implementing a strict demographic policy aimed at reducing the birth rate. The second country was ruled by the Turks from 1526 to 1858, although non-Turkic-speaking peoples make up the majority of the population. The third is the most populous Muslim country and the largest island nation in the world. The two rivers that merge in the fourth country together rank third in the world (after the Amazon and the Congo) in terms of flow. Also name the two mentioned rivers. What Turkic-speaking people are we talking about in the description of the second country?

Countries 1-4 _________________________________________________________

Rivers _______________________________________________________________

Turkic-speaking people _______________________________________________

Agriculture ______________________________________

Name a dish from this agricultural crop, traditional in European country- the largest producer of grapes.

Country ____________________________ Dish ____________________________

The only aircraft manufacturing plant in Central Asia operates in this country, and there is also a large plant that produces cars under the brand name Daewoo and Chevrolet. Name also the country and the dish made from the desired culture and traditional in this country.

Country ___________________________ Dish _________________________

Name a state that meets these conditions if it is known that its capital is not a port? Provide necessary explanations.

Task 3. In 2007-2008 in Russia, a project was implemented, the purpose of which is to identify the seven wonders of Russia, i.e. natural and cultural objects, the most significant and famous in our country. Before you are presented 5 photos of "miracles-finalists". Fill in the table by writing the names of these objects, the regions where they are located, as well as answering additional questions posed to each photo. Record your answers in a table.

A photo	name of the property	Region	Additional questions	Answers on questions
			1. List the old names of the city where this object is located. 2. What non-ferrous metal is produced in this city?
			1. On the orders of which Russian tsar this object was built in memory of the capture of Kazan? 2. Opposite the cathedral is a monument to famous fighters against the invaders. Name these heroes.
			1. Name the foreign analogue of this object in France.
			1. Name the height of this object, the mountain system in which it is located and its origin.
			1. Name any two local winds characteristic of this object. 2. Name objects-analogues by origin on the African continent (at least two)

Task 4. Determine country X and its neighbors if the following is known about the neighbors:

About the first:	Was called Siam
About the second:	Known by the acronym SRV
About the third:	The French call him Chin
Country X:

Enter the results in the third column of the table.

Task 5. Identify countries by their structure shown in the table. Explain your choice. (USA, China, Japan, Russia, Vietnam, Norway, France, India, Ethiopia)

Country	Volume of electricity generation in 2009, billion kWh	Share of electricity generation, %				Structure of GDP, %
Country	Volume of electricity generation in 2009, billion kWh	TPP	hydroelectric power station	nuclear power station	other	Agriculture	industry	services
	665,3	81,7	14,6			17,6	29,0	53,4
	3271	80,2	18,5			11,3	48,6	40,1
	1016	64,3	20,5	14,8			37,6
	4167	71,4		20,7			19,2	79,6
	1195	60,0		29,8			26,3	72,3

ANSWERS TESTS:

Maximum points - 31

question number	Answer	Number of points for a correct answer
















	A-2, B-1, C-3, G-6, D-5, E-4 1 point for each correct match

	Bulgunnyakh (hydrolaccolith) - a mound with an ice core. Formed in permafrost soils. Gradually freezing over several years, the water preserved in the thawed soils, not being able to penetrate to the sides, swells the surface soil.	1 – for indicating the shape of the relief 1 – for explaining the origin

Analysis Round Answers

Exercise 1.

Response Evaluation Criteria	Points
1. Organization - OPEC
Headquarters - Vienna
In general, Russia's membership in OPEC will inevitably lead to the establishment of oil production quotas in the latter, which is extremely unprofitable for the country's economy, although at the same time, the stabilization of oil production may have a positive effect on the situation with the use of resources within the country. Other assessments of Russia's potential membership are allowed, the answer to the question should be assessed taking into account geographical literacy, the completeness of the answer and the evidence provided for one's point of view.
Countries: Country 1 - Venezuela ( 0.5 points ); lake - Maracaibo ( 0.5 points)
Country 2 - Angola ( 0.5 points ); Metropolis - Portugal(0.5 point); Desert - Namib(0.5 points); Current - Benguela / Benguela(0.5 points)
Country 3 - Ecuador(1 point); City – Guayaquil(1 point); Archipelago - Galapagos Islands(1 point)

Turkic-speaking people Mongols
Agriculture - rice
Country - Italy; dish - risotto (1 point each)
Country - Uzbekistan; b ludo - pilaf (1 point each)
Total:		Basil's Cathedral (Pokrovsky Cathedral) ( 1 point)	Moscow (1 point)	1. Ivan the Terrible (1 point) 2. Minin and Pozharsky ( 1 point)
	Peterhof (Petrodvorets) (1 point)	St. Petersburg (1 point)	1. Versailles (1 point)
	Elbrus (1 point)	Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia (1 point)	5642 m - Caucasus - an extinct volcano (3 points)
	Lake Baikal (1 point)	Irkutsk region, rep. Buryatia (1 point)	1. Sarma, kultuk, mountain, barguzin, etc. (4 points, 1 point each for local wind name) 2. Nyasa, Tanganyika ( 2 points)
For a specific country X	0.5 points
Total:	2 points

Task 5.

A is India. B - China. In Russia. G - USA. D - Japan. (5 points for correctly named countries, plus 4 points for explanation. ( Total 9 points)

Maximum number of theoretical round points: 57 points

Total number of points: Test - 31 points, theoretical - 57.

TOTAL: 88 POINTS (100%), 50% - 44 points.

School stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in geography 2015-2016 academic year.

Geography Olympiad Grade 5

Time to complete the work - 1 hour

The maximum number of points is 48.

Part A.

For each correct answer 1 point. Maximum - 11 points.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The founder of the science "geography" is:

a) Herodotus b) Eratosthenes c) Aristotle

2. The science of making and using maps is called:

a) geography b) cartography c) topography.

3. The length of the equator is: a) 40000 km b) 39690 km c) 41075 km.

4. The sun is rising: a) in the north b) in the east c) in the west.

5. Select the two hemispheres formed by the equator line:

a) north b) east c) south d) west.

6. Traveler who made the first trip around the world:

a) H. Columbus b) F. Magellan c) Marco Polo.

7. What ocean Ferdinand Magellan gave the name:

a) Atlantic b) Pacific c) Indian d) Arctic.

8. What is the tail of a comet:

a) accumulation of gases and fine dust b) accumulation of ice particles

c) accumulation of plasma d) accumulation of water droplets

9. Planet, which is called the morning or evening star:

a) Mercury b) Earth c) Venus d) Saturn

10. Which animal is superfluous in this list:

a) polar bear b) reindeer c) penguin d) snowy owl

11 A device designed to determine the sides of the horizon:

a) stopwatch b) weather vane c) compass d) tape measure

Part B. Task number 1. Which statements are true:

For each correct answer 1 point.

1. There are 5 continents on Earth.

2. The smallest continent is Antarctica.

3. Eurasia is the largest continent.

4. Nile is the longest river in Eurasia.

5. The Mississippi is the longest river on the planet.

6. Africa is the hottest continent.

8. The deepest lake on Earth is Baikal.

9. The largest island in the world - Greenland

10. Mount Chomolungma (Everest) - located in Eurasia.

Task number 2. Maximum 4 points.

Maximum 4 points

Task number 3. Write down the names of the oceans you know:

Part C .

Task number 1. It is known that there are "colored seas". Which sea does not exist? Name "colored seas". Which oceans are the rest of the seas?Maximum 11 points

Task number 2. Which of the following treesSausage, dairy, soap, candle, bottled, does not exist in nature (cross out)? Give a detailed answer about those trees that exist.

Maximum 10 points.

Task number 3. A group of tourists left the camp in a northeasterly direction. The compass is lost. Write down as many options as possible, by which landmarks you can determine the direction in which you need to return to the camp.Maximum 3 points.

Geography Olympiad Grade 5.

Date Name of student(s)

Answer form

Part B. Task number 1.

question

Answer

Task number 2.

Task number 3.

Exercise №1

Exercise №2

Exercise №3

Keys

Maximum - 11 points.

Part B. Maximum - 11 points.

Exercise 1 Maximum - 5 points.

question

Answer

Task 2 Maximum 4 points.

True - 5.1. For a correct answer, 1 point each.

In the northern hemisphere, a vertical stick is mentally substituted for the month on the left side. If, when the month and the stick are combined, the letter P is obtained, then the month is growing, and if not, then it is aging. -1 point for each explanation.

Part C.

Answer1: Does not exist Blue Sea 1 point.

For each name "colored sea" 1 more point and 1 point for the ocean.

Red Sea - Indian Ocean 1 point, White Sea - Arctic Ocean (1 point), Black Sea - Atlantic Ocean (1 point), Yellow Sea - Pacific Ocean (1 point).Maximum 11 points

Answer2.: Everyone exists. (1 point for each correct answer)

1 point for each explanation.

Sausage tree (kigelia) . Grows in the forests of Uganda. It owes its name to fruits that look like sausages. From fruits locals make cups and yellow paint.

Milk tree (galactodendrons) .Grows in Central and South America. Cuts are made on the trunks of trees, on which thick whitish juice flows. Both in appearance and taste, it resembles cow's milk, but with a bitter aftertaste that disappears after boiling.

candle tree .Grows in Panama. The fruits of this tree are very rich in fat. If you pass a wick through the fruit, you get a candle. It burns without soot and smoke for 3-5 hours.

Soapberry .Grows on the Florida peninsula. If you grind its ripened fruits, then a foam is formed, which the locals use instead of soap.

bottle tree .Grows in Australia. The name was given to him for the barrel, which in its shape resembles a bottle. During rains, a lot of moisture is collected in the trunk, which is used by it in dry times.

Maximum 10 points

Answer Task number 4. During daylight hours - according to the Sun (in the morning it is in the east, at noon it points to the south, in the evening it sets in the west) 1 point.

At night, according to the North Star (it points to the north) 1 point.

According to folk natural landmarks (more moss, lichens on the north side, an anthill is on the south side, etc.) 1 point for a sign;

Indication of only landmarks without clarification, for example, according to the Sun, according to the North Star, in folk subjects, 0.5 points per landmark.

MAXIMUM 3 points

1. Find matches between events in history geographical discoveries 20th century and their participants:

1) The first "conquest" of Everest 2) Achievement North Pole Earth

3) Dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench 4) Discovery of the Severnaya Zemlya Islands

A. Vilkitsky B. Pirie W. Picard & Walsh G. Hillary & Tenzing
2. In what projection are maps of Antarctica and the Arctic usually built

A. Conical B. Azimuthal C. Cylindrical D. Polyconical
3. Choose the correct statement: the formation of deep sea trenches is associated with

A. rapprochement lithospheric plates B. divergence of lithospheric plates

C. slow uplift of lithospheric plates D. earthquakes on the ocean floor
4. What is the direction of the trade winds in the northern hemisphere?

A. Northwest B. Southwest C. Northeast D. Southeast
5. Choose the right statement

A. The water temperature off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula is higher than that of the Scandinavian Peninsula.

B. The highest salinity is observed in equatorial latitudes.

B. The maximum tides are recorded in the Persian Gulf.

D. The rise of deep water is called upwelling.
6. Select the option where the objects related to the same ocean are collected

A. Hudson Bay, North Sea, Severnaya Zemlya Islands, Norwegian Current

B. Gulf of Carpentaria, Coral Sea, Aleutian Islands, Kuroshio Current

B. Bay of Bengal, Red Sea, Kerguelen Islands, Somali Current

D. Bay of Biscay, Sargasso Sea, Maldives, Benguela Current
7. What regularity of the geographical shell is emphasized by the map: “Natural zones of the world”?

A. integrity B. rhythm C. geographic zoning D. development
8. Find a correspondence between the peoples of the world and parts of the world:

1) pygmies 2) Indians 3) Basques 4) Persians

A. Asia B. Americas C. Africa D. Europe
9. Choose the correct statement about the features of the nature of Africa:

A. There are no areas of Mesozoic (middle) folding on the mainland.

B. Most of the mainland belongs to the basin of internal flow.

B. The southern coast of the mainland is located in the temperate climate zone.

D. Eucalyptus trees are typical representatives of the vegetation of the African savannas.
10. The predominance of deserts, the presence of a large number of salt lakes and drying rivers, is indirect evidence that Australia

A. smallest continent B. wettest continent

C. hottest continent D. driest continent
11. Pick a False Feature Statement geographical location Antarctica

A. Intersected by all meridians of the Earth.

B. The northernmost point is located on the Antarctic Peninsula.

B. The northern coast of the mainland is washed by three oceans.

D. Does not cross the Antarctic Circle.
12. Select the option where the objects belonging to the same continent are collected:

A. Cape Almadi, Somali Peninsula, Kosciuszko, Zambezi River

B. Cape Sifre, Antarctic Peninsula, Vinson Massif, Lake Vostok

E. Stipe Point, Arnhem Land Peninsula, Central Lowland, Limpopo River

D. Cape Ras Hafun, Darling River, Ahaggar Highlands, Erebus Mountains
13. Choose the correct statement about the nature of South America:

A. The equator crosses the mainland in the central part.

B. The dry savannas of the Brazilian plateau are called campos.

Q. The mainland is the wettest and driest place on earth.

D. A large number of active volcanoes and earthquakes says

about the "antiquity" of the Andes.
14. What statement about nature North America erroneously?

A. The mainland occupies the 3rd place in terms of area.

B. Baribal, skunk, wapiti, pronghorn, bison are endemic.

B. Natural zones in the central parts of the mainland have a meridional direction.

D. Destructive winds coming from Atlantic Ocean called typhoons.
15. Select the option where objects located on the same continent are collected:

A. Cape Parinas, Yucatan Peninsula, Iguazu Falls, Lake Maracaibo

B. Cape Murchison, Labrador Peninsula, Colorado River, Mount McKinley

V. Cape Frouard, Valdes Peninsula, Guiana Plateau, Orizaba Volcano

D. Cape Maryato, Florida Peninsula, Rio Grande, Angel Falls
16. Choose the correct statement about the nature of Europe:

A. The shores of Europe are washed by the waters only of the Atlantic Ocean

B. The coastline is slightly indented.

B. Most of Europe lies in the temperate climate zone.

G. Taiga - the predominant natural zone
17. Choose an erroneous statement about the nature of Asia:

A. Coast Pacific Ocean located in the monsoon zone.

B. The lowest temperatures on Earth are recorded here (Oymyakon).

Q. Here is the highest and lowest place on the mainland.

D. Asia has everything climatic zones: from arctic to equatorial.
18. Choose the option where objects located in one part of the world are collected

A. Carpathian Mountains, Rhine River, Lake Ladoga, Apennine Peninsula

B. Balkan Peninsula, Euphrates River, Lake Onega, Mont Blanc

B. Indochina Peninsula, Altai Mountains, Mekong River, Lake Balaton

D. Asia Minor peninsula, Pyrenees mountains, Yangtze river, Lake Baikal
19. To travel to which country do you need to repeat the rules of behavior in case of volcanic eruptions?

A. Spain B. Ireland C. Iceland D. Jordan
20. Match national parks and the continents on which they are located.

1) Serengeti 2) Cockatoo 3) Yosemite 4) Meshchera

A. Eurasia B. Africa C. Australia D. North America

« All-Russian Olympiad schoolchildren by GEOGRAPHY Regional stage 2016/2017 school year Tasks of the first round for grades 10–11 BEFORE COMPLETING THE ASSIGNMENT, READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY ON ... "

All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in GEOGRAPHY

Regional Stage

2016/2017 academic year

Tasks of the first round

for grades 10–11

BEFORE COMPLETING THE TASK

READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

4 hours (240 minutes) are given to complete all tasks of the 1st round.

The task includes 5 tasks.

The maximum score for solving each problem (correct and

complete answers) is 10 points.

Maximum total amount points for solving all problems - 50.

The use of any reference materials is NOT allowed.

The use of any communication devices is NOT allowed.

Use the answer sheets you received to answer.

Write down personal data only on the title page, do not sign the rest of the sheets on which you will write answers to tasks.

DO NOT use answer sheets, hand them in with answer sheets.

Drafts are not reviewed or graded.

Task 1. The graphs in Figure 1 show the distribution of runoff (as a percentage of the annual) for four major rivers northern hemisphere.

A. Match the graphs with the data and information provided in Table 1.

Identify these rivers and answer the additional questions highlighted in bold in Table 1.

B. For each of the four rivers, name the months in which there is a maximum flow of water1. Explain what features of the feeding of each river determine the seasonal fluctuations in water flow.

C. Most often, reservoirs created during the construction of hydroelectric power stations on rivers with pronounced seasonal fluctuations in runoff are filled in the most full-flowing phase of the water regime. Then the accumulated volume of water is spent in low water. But the reservoirs in the middle reaches of one of the four rivers discussed in the problem, on the contrary, are filled in low water.

What river are we talking about? What physical and geographical feature of its basin is this associated with?

Rice. 1 Discharge in hydrology is the volume of water flowing through the cross section of a stream per unit of time.

Table 1. Characteristics of the four rivers of the Northern Hemisphere* Average Length, № annual Information about the river and an additional question ths.

km flow, km3 Floods are frequent on this river, and its channel is subject to deformations. The flood, artificially caused by a dam explosion in 1938, has been called "the largest act of environmental warfare in history."

The offensive of the troops of which country was supposed to stop this artificial flood?

– – –

Note:

* Approximate values of the main parameters.

** From the source of another river, the continuation of which is river 3, about 2.6 thousand km.

Task 2. Read an excerpt from the description of Athanasius Nikitin's journey.

A. List, in order of following the route, the modern foreign states, the territory of which Afanasy Nikitin visited on his way back home from India.

B. What seas, bays and straits did marine part way back Athanasius Nikitin? Which of these areas is the deepest and which is the shallowest? Where is the salinity of surface water the highest and where is the lowest?

Q. At what time of the year did his journey home most likely begin? What kind natural factors favored? At what time of the year on the “third sea”, which Afanasy Nikitin crossed, does it most often storm?

D. Through what mountains did Afanasy Nikitin's path to his homeland run? List them in order of the itinerary. Name the highest mountain range he could see on the way home and give the name and absolute altitude its main peak.

“And having sat down in the tava3 and having agreed on the ship’s payment, I gave 2 gold pieces from my head to Hormuz ... And I sailed in the tava on the sea for a month and did not see anything, only the next month I saw the Ethiopian mountains ... ... And I was in that Ethiopian land for 5 days . By the grace of God, evil did not happen, we distributed a lot of rice, pepper, bread to the Ethiopians - and they did not rob the court. And from there he sailed for 12 days to Muscat ... And he sailed to Hormuz for 9 days and was in Hormuz for 20 days. From Hormuz I went to Lara and stayed in Lara for 3 days. From Lara I went to Shiraz, 12 days, and in Shiraz I was 7 days. And from Shiraz I went to Aberkuh, 15 days, and I was in Aberkuh 10 days. And from Aberkuh he went to Yazd, 9 days, and in Yazd he was 8 days. And from Yazd he went to Ispahan, 5 days, and in Ispahan was 6 days. And from Ispagan I went to Kashan, and I was in Kashan for 5 days. And from Kashan he went to Kuma, and from Kuma he went to Sava. And from Sava he went to Sultania. And from Sultania I went to Tabriz. And from Tabriz he went to the horde to Hasan-bek, stayed in the horde for 10 days, since there was no way anywhere. And on Turkish Sultan Hassan-bek sent his rati 40 thousand, and they took Sivas; Yes, they took Tokat and burned it, they took Amasia and plundered many villages there. And they went, fighting, to Karaman. And I went from the horde to Arzinjan, and from Arzinjan I went to Trebizond.

And he came to Trebizond ... and stayed in Trebizond for 5 days. And, having come to the ship, he agreed on a payment - to give gold from his head to Kafa ... By the grace of God, I sailed to the third sea, ... in Persian, the Istanbul Sea. ... He sailed by the sea in the wind for 5 days and swam to Vonada, but then he met us strong wind from the north and brought us back to Trebizond. And we stood in Platan for 15 days because of a strong and evil wind. From Platana we went to the sea twice, but the evil wind that met us did not let us go by sea ... And the sea, It was, swam, but brought us to Balaklava, and from there to Gurzuf, and stood here for 5 days.

By the grace of God, he sailed to Kafu ... "

Sailing vessel.

Task 3. Any lake has a drainage basin (catchment) - a territory from which all surface water flow into this reservoir.

On a fragment of a topographic map of one of the regions of the European part of Russia, on the answer sheet, draw with a fountain pen the boundaries of the watershed of Lake Kekozero with a solid line.

Use for this cartographic image of the relief and other features of the area. Please note that a river or stream that flows out of a body of water cannot belong to its catchment area.

Calculate the catchment area within the boundaries of the contour you have drawn to the nearest 1 km2, given that the length of one side of the grid square on the map is 1 km.

Calculate how much water (in m3) the lake receives from its catchment on average per year, if it is known that the average annual layer of surface runoff in this region is 300 mm.

After carefully examining the map, answer additional questions.

What types of vegetation are typical for this natural area, are common in the catchment area of Lake Kekozero?

According to the data available on the map, give a description of the type of vegetation prevailing in this area.

What changes in the vegetation cover of the watershed of Lake Kekozero have been made by human activity?

What types economic activity, in your opinion, most of all negatively affect the ecological state of lakes of approximately the same area as Lake Kekozero, located near the point with coordinates 56°N. 72°E? Briefly describe the mechanism of this influence.

Task 4. The 2010 World Forest Resources Assessment report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides data on the extent and rate of forest loss by country.

Table 2 shows some of the information from this report on three countries located in different parts of the world. The main part of the forests in all of them belongs to the same natural zone. Using the table data and Additional information about countries, identify them and answer the following questions.

A. Which natural area includes the forests that are experiencing the greatest decline in these three countries?

B. The expansion of the area under which crops is causing a massive reduction in forest area in country 1? What reasons caused the growth in demand for this crop?

Q. Which crop, which feeds livestock and poultry and produces vegetable oil, covers most of the cleared land in country 2? What type of industrial raw material was exported from the forests of this country at the beginning of the 20th century?

D. List economic activities other than mining that are the main causes of deforestation in the country 3.

Table 2. Data from the FAO World Forest Resources Assessment.

– – –

Additional information about countries:

In country 1, deforestation is mainly due to the expansion of plantations of perennial agricultural crops, the gross harvest of which has increased by almost 25 times over the past three decades. In the production of this crop, originating from another part of the world, country 1 is the world leader.

In country 2, deforestation occurs mainly in its eastern plains, where commercial agriculture has been spreading in recent decades. Until the beginning of the 20th century, valuable industrial raw materials were mined in the forests in the north of this country and exported. However, in 1903, the territory where this raw material was mined went to the neighboring state.

In country 3, one of the causes of deforestation is mining (primarily diamonds and copper ore). The reduction of forest area in this country, in particular, poses a threat to the habitat of a rare species of animals, which are the largest representatives of the order of primates.

Task 5. The 2018 FIFA World Cup matches will be held in Russia at 12 stadiums located in 11 cities.

According to the organizers, more than 2% of the residents of all cities hosting the tournament will be able to simultaneously accommodate in the stands of the championship stadiums.

A. In which cities hosting World Cup matches, the stands of the tournament stadiums will be able to accommodate the largest proportion of residents? Which ones are the least?

List in random order the three leading cities and the three outsider cities of this "rating".

B. Name the largest city in Russia in terms of population that does NOT host matches of the World Cup.

Data on the capacity of the stands of the stadiums are given in table 3.

Table 3. Stadium capacity of the 2018 FIFA World Cup

– – –

1.__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

– – –

B. Water areas:

___________________________________________________________________________________

The deepest is ________________________

The smallest one is _________________________

The most salty - ____________________

The freshest - ________________________

Q. At what time of the year, most likely, did Afanasy Nikitin's journey home begin?

___________________________________________________________________________________

What natural factors favored this?

___________________________________________________________________________________

At what time of the year on the “third sea”, which Afanasy Nikitin swam across, does it most often storm?

___________________________________________________________________________________

D. Mountains (mountain systems):

___________________________________________________________________________________

– – –

Item item Answer Catchment area of the lake. Kekozero, km Volume of water that the lake receives on average per year with surface runoff, m3 Type of zonal vegetation characteristic of this natural zone Characteristics of zonal vegetation Changes made to the vegetation by human activities Types of economic activities that most negatively affect the ecological state of lakes near the point with coordinates 56°N. 72°E

The mechanism of this influence

– – –

Answers on questions:

BUT. _________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

B. _________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

AT. _________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

G. _________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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